642:
287:. Captain Leitão, tried to convince the guard to join them but found himself overtaken by events. In response to two shots, believed to have come from the crowd, the municipal guard let off a heavy barrage of fire. The civilians stampeded, as well as some soldiers. Around three hundred civilians and soldiers barricaded themselves in the City Hall, but the municipal guard, helped by army artillery and cavalry and by the 18th Infantry Regiment, which the rebels had tried to persuade to take part in the revolt, forced them to surrender at 10.00 on the same morning. Officially, twelve rebels and onlookers were killed and 40 injured but some sources suggest the numbers were far greater.
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280:
their colonel. There were already many civilians and reporters in the area as the attempted coup had been prepared with a complete lack of secrecy. Accompanied by regimental bands, the rebels walked to the Praça de D. Pedro, (today Praça da
Liberdade) where, in front of the then Porto City Council building, they heard Alves da Veiga, accompanied by other leading members of the movement, proclaim the establishment of the Republic from the balcony of the building. Verdial then read out a list of names that would make up the provisional government of the new Republic and a red and green flag was raised.
126:
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31:
192:
231:. These presented a long-term political action plan, which believed that, given time, a Republic would inevitably evolve. However, their leadership was not recognized by all republicans as some were calling for immediate action. These, in addition to being outraged by the outcome of the Ultimatum and seeing it as a justification for overthrowing the monarchy, were inspired by the proclamation of a Republic in the former Portuguese colony of
133:
279:
The revolt began in the early hours of 31 January, when a battalion of soldiers, led by sergeants, headed towards Campo de Santo Ovídio (today Praça da República) in Porto, where they met up with the 10th and 18th infantry regiments. However, although ready to revolt, the 18th was persuaded not to by
303:
Some of those involved managed to flee abroad: Alves da Veiga evaded capture and went to live in Paris; Sampaio Bruno and a lawyer, António Claro, reached Spain, as did one of the military leaders, Ensign
Augusto Malheiro, who emigrated from there to Brazil. Those who had had their names read out as
187:
prepared in 1885 to show the country's sovereignty over that land. The
Ultimatum demanded the withdrawal of Portuguese forces from areas claimed by Portugal based on Portuguese exploration, as Britain claimed these on the basis of possession. The seeming ease by which the Portuguese government gave
311:
It is still debated today whether the coup was prepared with the agreement of the republican leadership or whether it was just the result of the rashness of some members of the military, namely the sergeants, who combined dissatisfaction with their working conditions, wages, and promotion
328:
of King Carlos on 1 February 1908, was successful, leading to the establishment of a
Republic in Portugal. As soon as the Republic was established, the Rua de Santo António in Porto, where the coup supporters were shot in 1891, was renamed as the Rua de 31 de Janeiro.
308:. In addition to civilians, 505 military personnel were tried. Around two hundred and fifty people were sentenced to between 18 months and 15 years of exile in Africa. Some civilians were released in 1893 at the time of a political amnesty.
238:
The leading figures in the revolt among the military were mainly sergeants and soldiers and it became known as the “revolt of the sergeants”. They lacked the support of any high-ranking officer. They were led by
Captain
188:
in to
British demands was seen as a national humiliation by most people in Portugal, including republican opponents of the monarchy who saw the Portuguese response as evidence of the monarchy's weakness.
175:, also known as Lord Salisbury's Ultimatum, which was delivered to Portugal on 11 January 1890. Portugal had attempted to claim a large area of land in southern Africa between its colonies of
283:
The supporters in the square then decided to take over the post and telegraph station. However, their route was blocked by a detachment of the municipal guard, positioned on the steps of the
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members of the provisional government denied they had approved the use of their names and indicated that they opposed military action. The rebels were tried on board ships anchored off
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163:. The revolt took place in the form of a military uprising in the country's second city of Porto.
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opportunities with adherence to the republican cause. A second attempted coup occurred in
235:, on 15 November 1889. Support for the Republican cause was particularly strong in Porto.
8:
874:
864:
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502:
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320:, this also failed to overthrow the government and monarchy. A final coup, known as the
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420:"Histórias da cidade: 31 de janeiro de 1891, a revolta que os portuenses não esquecem"
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243:. As well, a number of civilians were involved including the lawyer and politician,
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450:"A REVOLTA DO 31 DE JANEIRO DE 1891 Primeira tentativa de derrube da monarquia"
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The proclamation of the
Republic from the windows of the city hall
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Portugal's Pink Map that led to the
British Ultimatum of 1890
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met, from which an elected committee emerged, consisting of
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was the first attempt by republicans to overthrow the
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The municipal guard attack the rebels in the city hall
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United
Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves
870:List of titles and honours of the Portuguese Crown
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890:Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza (current pretender)
803:Project for the Royal Palace in Campo de Ourique
796:Juvarra's Project for the Royal Palace in Lisbon
390:"A Revolta Republicana de 31 de janeiro de 1891"
299:Convicted rebels on their way to exile in Africa
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171:The immediate cause of the revolt was the
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183:, which had been included in Portugal's
678:House of Braganza-Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
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412:
410:
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255:, the photographer and film director,
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951:1890s coups d'état and coup attempts
557:Portuguese succession crisis of 1580
454:MUSEU DOS TRANSPORTES E COMUNICAÇÕES
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910:His Most Faithful Majesty's Council
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895:Family tree of Portuguese monarchs
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259:, and the writer and philosopher,
145:The location of the attempted coup
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905:Style of the Portuguese sovereign
880:Pantheon of the House of Braganza
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316:on 28 January 1908. Known as the
221:José Francisco de Azevedo e Silva
16:Attempted coup d'état in Portugal
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582:Transfer of the Portuguese court
562:War of the Portuguese Succession
352:"A revolta republicana do Porto"
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612:Municipal Library Elevator Coup
318:Municipal Library Elevator Coup
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213:Francisco Manuel Homem Cristo
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657:Portuguese House of Burgundy
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229:Sebastião de Magalhães Lima
225:Bernardino Pereira Pinheiro
201:Portuguese Republican Party
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587:Liberal Revolution of 1820
577:Portuguese Restoration War
101:Republican rebels defeated
931:Republicanism in Portugal
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627:Royalist attack on Chaves
622:5 October 1910 revolution
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322:5 October 1910 revolution
285:Church of Saint Ildefonso
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552:Battle of Alcácer Quibir
900:Portuguese Crown Jewels
394:Assembleia da República
257:Aurélio da Paz dos Reis
199:On 1 January 1891, the
825:Kingdom of the Algarve
785:Sintra National Palace
607:31 January 1891 revolt
547:Battle of Alfarrobeira
501:Topics related to the
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245:Augusto Alves da Veiga
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173:1890 British Ultimatum
157:31 January 1891 revolt
115:12 dead and 40 wounded
24:31 January 1891 revolt
885:Most Faithful Majesty
755:Rio de Janeiro Palace
632:Monarchy of the North
542:Battle of Aljubarrota
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241:António Amaral Leitão
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110:Casualties and losses
770:São Cristóvão Palace
602:Portuguese Civil War
517:Battle of São Mamede
161:monarchy in Portugal
142:class=notpageimage|
82:41.14611°N 8.60750°W
941:January 1891 events
875:Council of Portugal
865:Portuguese nobility
840:Portuguese Monarchs
820:Kingdom of Portugal
750:Quinta da Boa Vista
735:Necessidades Palace
532:Manifestis Probatum
503:Portuguese monarchy
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790:Vila Viçosa Palace
720:Citadel of Cascais
572:Forty Conspirators
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217:José Jacinto Nunes
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87:41.14611; -8.60750
946:Conflicts in 1891
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860:Portuguese Cortes
855:Portuguese Empire
830:Kingdom of Brazil
780:Santa Cruz Estate
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672:House of Braganza
667:House of Habsburg
522:Battle of Ourique
251:, the journalist
209:Manuel de Arriaga
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47:31 January 1891
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537:1383–85 Crisis
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730:Mafra Palace
725:Évora Palace
705:Belém Palace
700:Ajuda Palace
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650:Royal houses
606:
597:April Revolt
592:Vilafrancada
510:Major events
457:. Retrieved
453:
427:. Retrieved
423:
397:. Retrieved
393:
359:. Retrieved
355:
324:, after the
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302:
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278:
247:, the actor
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18:
740:Pena Palace
459:17 November
429:17 November
399:17 November
361:17 November
253:João Chagas
85: /
925:Categories
693:residences
682:(disputed)
333:References
177:Mozambique
167:The causes
70:41°08′46″N
845:Miguelism
267:The event
73:8°36′27″W
185:Pink Map
61:Portugal
52:Location
306:Leixões
314:Lisbon
233:Brazil
181:Angola
98:Result
691:Royal
424:Porto
57:Porto
461:2023
431:2023
401:2023
363:2023
227:and
179:and
155:The
44:Date
356:RTP
927::
452:.
439:^
422:.
409:^
392:.
371:^
354:.
341:^
263:.
223:,
219:,
215:,
211:,
207:,
59:,
494:e
487:t
480:v
463:.
433:.
403:.
365:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
