2020–2021 Thai protests

2802: 48: 73: 2968: 4297:, a political science professor from Chulalongkorn University, opined that the strength of the movement has been decreasing since the jailing of core leaders and the introduction of the hammer and sickle symbol in late 2020, and criticized the movement for being too ambitious and employing counterproductive tactics. Over time, internal divisions between various protest groups resulted in disintegration of the overall movement. However, Thai scholar Pavin Chachavalpongpun believed that the protests had already irrevocably expanded the space for criticism of the ruling elites, while Phil Robertson, deputy director of Human Rights Watch in Asia, thought that the resurgence of the activism could restart after the next general election. 3627:, where Prayut's residence and the headquarter of King's Close Bodyguard are located. The skirmishes between both sides began in the evening, shortly before a decision to disperse. Some hardline protesters held their ground, while throwing objects at the police. The police retaliated by firing water cannons, tear gas, and rubber bullets at them. According to Bangkok's emergency medical service, 10 protesters and 22 police officers were injured. The leaderless tactics employed there were criticized by fellow protest organizers, who pointed out the communication problems and inability to deescalate. During the event, out of uniform security personnel were seen near the protest venue, the second time since the 13 February event. 4246: 4258:

consequence, it could bring more support to the movement. In mid-August, Atith Keating wrote that student protests lack a coherent strategy; they do not have plans beyond day-to-day demonstrations. This may be caused by the lack of a centralised structure, as in the peak of student movements in the 1970s. Student protesters are seen as being more creative, networked, and technologically savvy than the government and as having time on their side, as well as being the targets of disproportionate persecution that could sway public opinion, with at least a chance of causing the government to collapse provided the anti-monarchy element does not provoke a backlash. One

1022: 717: 517: 741: 728: 66: 641: 37: 706: 528: 1435: 1010: 631: 4055: 3300:, who held their rallies. Later in the day, tens of thousands of protesters, some under the umbrella of "Khana Ratsadorn 2563", were largely peaceful, marked by some violent assaults on the protesters by pro-royalists, marched to Government House and set up camps around it. The protest coincided with a planned royal progression around the city. The royal motorcade passed a protester crowd, strayed from the announced route. Later that evening, Prayut ordered legal actions against the protesters for allegedly blocking the motorcade, but, according to 3930:, ordered universities to prevent students from demanding monarchy reform and to compile lists of protest leaders. Some universities and schools responded by forbidding their staff and students to join the protests and by banning gatherings on their grounds, claiming COVID-19 concerns, while police issued warning letters. On 18 August, a Ministry of Education department allowed students to hold rallies in state schools. However, in late August, student groups reported that at least 109 schools had suppressed or intimidated political expression. 1339: 565: 3616:, Thai and Myanmar protesters organised an event at the Myanmar embassy in Bangkok, resulting in three arrests. On 10 February, the protesters held the first street rally in months, to protest the detention of four prominent members who were charged with lese majeste, among others. In the evening, explosive sound was heard, and an empty tear gas canister was found. The police, without any investigation, readily told reporters that the canister was stolen from prior rallies. Ten activists were briefly detained for hanging protest banners. 1518: 3659: 1215: 620: 55: 1116: 1388: 3937:; five were arrested without charges. In early August, watchdog organization iLaw reported at least 78 incidents of intimidation of protest sympathizers. In early September, the police summonsed the first schoolchild protester for violating the security laws. At least 63 protesters have been charged under the controversial and repeatedly extended COVID-19 emergency decree, in 17 cases, despite the government claiming it would not be employed in this way. The people in police custody are sometimes found injured. 72: 3235: 764: 751: 547: 3328: 3860: 3847: 3600: 3587: 3445: 3369: 1050: 15020: 2379: 1063: 505: 3277: 2801: 952:(NGOs) as part of a global conspiracy against Thailand; and the deployment of thousands of police at protests. The government ordered university chancellors to prevent students from demanding reforms to the monarchy and to identify student protest leaders. Protests since October, when the King had returned to the country from Germany, resulted in the deployment of the military, riot police, and mass arrests. In November 2021, the 47: 2478:. Analysts have described the new constitution as favouring the military and disadvantaging large political parties. It includes a junta-appointed Senate, empowered to vote for the Prime Minister for five years, allowing the military to select two prime ministers in the future, and binds future governments to a 20-year national strategy 'road map' laid down the NCPO, effectively locking the country into the period of 3432:'s headquarters and hurled paint and sprayed graffiti in the area. On 19 November, police officers and pro-government volunteers rushed to clean it, which earned a thanks from Prayut. On 21 November, high school students led thousands of protesters in Bangkok. In addition to the common protest themes of government and monarchy reform, high school students are seeking more freedom and fairness in an education system. 3461:(SCB) in northern Bangkok, in which the King is the largest shareholder, to demand an investigation into the king's wealth and spending. The police had heavily barricaded the area with shipping containers, concrete barricades and razor wire. The day before, Thai authorities ordered 12 protest leaders to turn themselves in on 1 December and face charges that include lèse-majesté. A well-known Thai royalist scholar 3679: 15033: 2501:. The coalition government is composed of pro-Prayut camps and smaller parties who benefited from multiple technical interpretations of the election law by a military-controlled Election Commission, including a 44-day hiatus while the election laws were reinterpreted to pave way for a coalition with the state military party at the helm. Via NCPO mechanisms, Prayut has appointed allies to the 4293:, activists in Thailand changed their tactics. Claiming themselves to all be leaders, tactics such as holding up umbrellas in order to shield themselves from tear gas canisters have been used. According to AP, the protesters increasingly emphasize on the reform of the monarchy, but faced serious obstacles, including, notably, opposition party leaders who agreed with all their other demands. 4153:. The police and right-wing groups targeted Thanathorn and his allies for being accused of masterminding the protests. A singer and protester posted a video clip revealing a protester shot with live bullet by the counter-protesters. Groups of males with very short haircut and similar clothing are speculated to be out-of-uniform military or police officers who staged counter protests. 3662: 4017:

leaders deny seeking to overthrow the monarchy, with their lawyer and Panusaya walked out of the middle of hearing. Sunai Phasuk, a senior researcher with Human Rights Watch, labelled the ruling as "a judicial coup" that could pave the way for further legal cases against protesters, including treason. The court also asserted that sovereign power belongs to the monarchy.

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both sides reconcile their differences through the parliamentary process. On the same day, a group of royalist counter-protesters wearing yellow shirts assaulted the protesters at Ramkhamhaeng University, resulting in one injured student. The following day, Prayut revoked the severe emergency declaration, on the grounds that the severity of the situation had lessened.

2616:, Office of the Royal Household and Royal Security Office into a single personal office; in 2020, the government transferred two army units to his personal command, giving military control to the monarchy which was unprecedented in modern Thailand. The Royal Office's budget for 2020 was US$ 290 million, more than double its budget from 2018. 3330: 3334: 3333: 3329: 3335: 3007:), announced their three core demands: dissolution of the House, ending intimidation of the people and drafting a new constitution. A Free Youth leader stated that they do not aim to overthrow the monarchy. The gathering was planned to last overnight, but it was cancelled by midnight for security reasons. 3967:

Police crackdowns were also more frequent in 2021, seeing the use of batons, tear gas and water cannons. The police were also accused of torture and using live rounds, with the first protester died in October 2021 after being shot by a person inside a police station. Several prominent protesters were

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to send an open letter demanding the release of imprisoned activists. They called Chanathip Muanpawong, the judge who denied bail, to come to receive the letter. Benja scattered paper printed with the names of 11,035 supporters on the stairs to the court building, and said that the students are not a

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infections during the pandemic. During the break from street protests, the movement continued to voice their opinions online, while prominent members faced legal battles. Between November and December 2020, 38 individuals were charged with lese-majeste. A student was arrested at his dormitory at 3.00

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Prayut scheduled an emergency parliamentary session for 26–27 October. Protesters, however, preferred that the government show good faith and resign before advocating for amendments. The non-voting sessions addressed none of the protesters' concerns. As a result, Prayut said that the government would

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The protest movement's utilization of coordinated protest techniques, including the use of communications technology, memes, music and social media has contrasted with the traditional techniques used by law enforcement, such as police battalions, state propaganda, and water cannons. After the police

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for the movement, with the protesters needing to broaden their agenda again to wider societal reforms if it were to succeed. A political scientist professor opined that an absence of protest leaders increased the risk of the movement getting out of control and could further no strategic initiatives.

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State-sponsored organized opposition to the protests emerged in August and included the accusation of a global conspiracy being funded or masterminded by a foreign government or NGOs. On 10 August, the Thai Move Institute released a diagram of an alleged 'people's revolution network' linking student

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stated it intended to prosecute internet service providers and online platforms which allows prohibited content, and reported about 320,000 illegal messages. In response, several Thai press associations issued a joint statement opposing suppression of the media. The authorities also required foreign

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The protests, however, were limited to individual institutions. A Thai historian scholar noted that street protests have never created political changes if the military sided with the government. The protests, which were organized exclusively on the academia grounds, were halted in late February due

921:, ending intimidation of the people, and the drafting of a new constitution. The July protests were triggered by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and enforcement of the lockdown Emergency Decree and spread nationwide. The protesters were mostly students and young people without an overall leader. 3311:

in Bangkok from 04:00 local time and banned gatherings of five or more people. The protesters were cleared using riot police. In the process, police detained three protest leaders, and imposed a ban on sensitive media stories. During the day, troops were dispatched to guard the Government House and

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On 24 September, Parliament voted to set up a study committee, effectively delaying a scheduled vote on constitutional amendment by at least a month. Discontent prompted #RepublicofThailand to trend first in the country's Twitter, with more than 700,000 retweets, the first mass public expression of

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area to prevent protesters from going near Prayut's house. The police fired a lot of tear gas at them. It was the beginning of Din Daeng's later series of protests. Around 6 p.m., the police truck was burned near the Victory Monument. Din Daeng's non-organized protest, called 'Talugaz', started on

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in Bangkok. The venue was heavily barricaded with shipping containers. The skirmish broke out when some protesters tried to remove the barricade, but they were met with police water cannons, tear gas and rubber bullets. Some protesters used molotov cocktails and burned tires. One journalist opined

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On 2 December, the Constitutional Court ruled in favor of Prayut in a conflict-of-interest case over his use of military housing. The former army chief had been living in a military residence after retiring from the army in 2014, months after he led the coup over the elected government. The ruling

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On 17 November, the Senate and House of Representatives began a two-day joint session to consider changes to the constitution. That day, at least 55 people were hurt when protesters near Parliament clashed with the police and yellow-shirted royalists. Police fired tear gas and water cannons at the

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Protests then organized more online and held flash protests at numerous locations. There were protests almost daily from 17 to 24 October, even though they were faced with government-ordered shutdown of the capital's rapid transit systems. In a televised speech on 21 October, Prayut suggested that

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In November, the Parliament voted to pass two constitutional amendment bills, but their content effectively shut down the protesters' demands of abolishing the Senate and reformation of the monarchy. Clashes between the protesters and the police and royalists became more prevalent, and resulted in

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On 3 August, two student groups publicly raised demands to reform the monarchy, breaking a long taboo of publicly criticising the monarchy. A week later, ten demands for monarchy reform were declared. A 19 September rally saw 20,000–100,000 protesters and has been described as an open challenge to

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decried Prayut's using the lèse-majesté law and called for the prime minister's removal from office. At least two protesters were wounded in an explosion and shooting incident late into the night, four or five shots being fired. The police put the blame on rivalry in the vocational students group

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to deliver their letters to the King. The protesters insisted that their demand to reform the monarchy is already the best compromise they could offer. The gathering was largely peaceful, but the 9,000 men strong police employed water cannons for the second time. Though brief, the incident caused

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The government invoked the Emergency Decree on 26 March and issued a COVID-19 related curfew on 3 April in order to limit the spread of the virus. The government additionally issued a travel ban for all foreigners entering Thailand. International rights groups have criticized the emergency decree

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and a tacit admission of the increasingly absolutist nature of the Thai monarchy. Subsequently, in a ceremony on 27 August, each minister was presented with a framed message of support from the King. He has also been accused of rewriting history as monuments associated with Khana Ratsadon and the

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described this ruling forcefully shuts down any room in Thailand for public discussion of the monarchy, but private discussion and social media discussion will continue on, regardless of the government efforts to stop. It was seen as another politicised intervention on the side of conservatives,

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Royalist and pro-government media often ran stories which portrayed counter-protesters as victims, or the protesters as agitating for violence. Royalists believe that protesters want the monarchy dissolved, a position which they have denied. Some business known for supporting the regime, such as

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during a protest was posted to a royalist Facebook group; royalists embraced it, while the protesters viewed the comment as a position statement, prompting the hashtag #23ตุลาตาสว่าง (23Oct Eyes Opened) to trend on the country's Twitter. He made the first public comment in November 2020: that he

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On 16 January 2021, five protesters at a flash protest targeted at lese-majeste law were arrested by anti-riot police, marking the first street protest in 2021. A small explosion from a ping-pong bomb was heard which was apparently thrown at the approaching police, raising concerns of increasing

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and reform of the lèse majesté law. Paul Chambers, a Southeast Asian politics scholar, noted that "Such open criticism of Thailand's monarch by non-elites at a public place within Thailand with the police simply standing by is the first of its kind in Thai history." The police arrested Arnon and

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many injuries. Protests in 2021 were more sporadic compared to the previous year, with prominent protesters facing charges and the police using harsher tactics. The first protester died in October 2021, with the video showing that he was shot with live rounds by a person inside a police station.

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Some commentators say demands for monarchy reform before have only been made by fringe groups, yet there is consensus that this protest is the first time such demands have been discussed publicly. The calls may drive away some sympathisers, but if the government cracks down on the protests as a

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By September, protester pressure meant speculation about the possibility of a Thai military coup against Prayut increased, as his administration began to be viewed as increasingly untenable, and rumors became rife when a tank was spotted in the streets; the military stated, as is usual on such

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Despite threats to their careers, many Thai celebrities have publicly expressed support for the protesters. A group of 147 university faculty members has issued a statement saying the protesters' demand for monarchical reform did not violate the law. The Thai Academic Network for Civil Rights,

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Without examining the evidence submitted by the defendants, the court explained that such demands were an "abuse of the rights and freedoms and harmed the state’s security", but the court did not enforce a punishment on them, only ruling on the constitutionality of their demands. Three protest

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A national Suan Dusit poll from 16 to 21 August 2020 of 197,029 people found that 59.1% stated the students were making demands as permitted in a democracy, 62.8% agreed with the demand for reform of the Constitution and 53.9% agreed that the Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha should "resign or

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of the 10-point call for reforms of the monarchy in 'Thammasat will not tolerate' rally on 10 August 2020 aimed to overthrow the state and the monarchy in their speeches. The court ordered them and other protest groups to end all monarchy reform movements. The petition was filed by Natthaporn

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page critical of the monarchy, Royalist Marketplace. Facebook is challenging the order in the courts. The authorities attempted to block more than 2,200 websites ahead of the 19 September rally. Following the rally, a minister filed a complaint to prosecute Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube for

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Asia director stated, "Criminalizing peaceful protests and calls for political reform is a hallmark of authoritarian rule" and called for governments and the United Nations to condemn the repression of the protests and urge the release of protesters. Some international groups and individuals

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named "ธรรมศาสตร์จะไม่ทน." (lit. Thammasat will not tolerate.) by United Front of Thammasat and Demonstration group. Totaling about 3,000 people, it employed the slogan "We don't want reforms; we want revolution." Among the events were the declaration of ten demands to reform the monarchy by

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King Vajiralongkorn also consolidated his privy council, office of the royal household and royal security office into a single royal office, which according to official figures has a budget of almost Bt9bn for the coming fiscal year — a figure that has increased more than 100 per cent since

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On 13 February, the protesters held a peaceful demonstration at Democracy Monument and the City Pillar Shrine. However, clashes between them and the police happened in the evening, with video of riot police stomping a men dressed in a medic uniform. Eleven more activists were detained, and

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On 16 October 2020, a speech by Vajiralongkorn the day before was made public, stating: "Now it is understood that the country needs people who love the country and love the monarchy". On 24 October, a video of the King praising former PDRC leader and ex-monk Buddha Issara and another

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At least 103 cases of harassment of students have been reported, and protesting tactics have been condemned; some considered a protester's act of hurling paint at police officers to be violent or not peaceful. Opponents also find vulgar language used by protest leaders unacceptable.

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On 26 August, student groups presented submissions, including the 10 demands, to the House of Representatives. Subsequently, the opposition and the coalition submitted constitutional amendment motions, including to amend the clause governing the constitution amendment procedure.

2639:; i.e., the junta parties), which was re-broadcast the following morning, in an "unprecedented intervention by the palace". This sparked a massive, immediate, negative reaction on Twitter by Thai youth, using the hashtag "We are grown-ups and can choose for ourselves" ( 2757:

Shortly before the second wave protests, on 15 July, netizens were infuriated by privileged treatment to "VIP guests" who were later revealed to be positive for the coronavirus, as well as its failure to boost the heavily effected tourism industry. On the same day,

2659:). Following the election, on 19 July 2019, when the new cabinet was sworn in, they pledged their allegiance to the monarchy, but left out an oath to the constitution, and despite protests, did not correct what was widely seen as a serious breach of the traditional 2819:

The first wave protests were triggered by the Constitution Court decision to disband the FFP on 23 February 2020. Demonstrations since erupted in various high schools, colleges, and universities nationwide. These student-organised protests also came with various

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Although the new NGO laws had been implemented and the pandemic was still serious, starting from mid-June, a new wave of protest started. Further protests were arranged in July, with police employing tear gas and rubber bullets against some of the protests.

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crackdown on 16 October 2020, the hashtag #WhatsHappeningInThailand was created and heavily utilized, with content published in various languages across various social media platforms in order to attract global attention to the situation in the country.

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Patrick Jory, a senior lecturer in Southeast Asian history at the University of Queensland, described the unpredictable nature of the King and "his willingness to use violence," and says that he may have pressured Prayut to suppress the protesters.

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crowd. Six people suffered gunshot wounds. On the second day, lawmakers rejected five of the seven proposals to amend the constitution, including the submission by Internet Law Reform Dialogue, or iLaw, which was most preferred by the protesters.

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A severe state of emergency was declared in Bangkok during 15–22 October, during which the police moved to ban or block anti-government or independent media, together with the Free Youth Facebook page, and seized books criticizing the monarchy.

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On 27–28 August, approximately 15,000 people gathered at 14 October Memorial for the first overnight protest, organized by the 'We are Friends' group. On 28 August, as 15 anti-government activists from the 18 July rally arrived to face charges.

3919:, a notable politician from a junior coalition partner, expressed concern about implications for COVID-19 spread whilst signaling his own neutrality. However, the country's coronavirus caseloads remained low amidst the growing protests. 2232: 3420:

On 14 November, around 20 protesting groups ranging from high school, women rights to LGBTQ activists in an event called "Mob Fest". One event resulted in a covering of Democracy Monument with cloth, and a small clash with the police.

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occasions, that this was part of a previously scheduled military exercise. However, this does not guarantee a more receptive audience to the protesters' demands as a palace-backed military faction is in ascendance. BBC correspondent

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law. Ahead of the rally, protest leaders held a news conference at the 14 October 1973 Memorial. "We join together to demand the abolishment of this legal provision," a protest leader said, reading out a prepared statement regarding

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By 2022, street protests largely died down, which human rights groups have attributed to heavy suppression and surveillance by the Thai government, although activism has continued online due to being more difficult to prosecute.

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were used. The Commander of the Metropolitan Police reported at least 100 people were arrested. Protesters vowed to continue. The police defended their use of the chemicals and that they were following "international standards."

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to commemorate 'Harry Potter themed' last year. This time he demanded the revocation of Article 112 and transferring of public assets from the King back to the previous status. He has been in jail since 9 August until today on

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allowing anti-government content, the first time the Computer Crimes Act has been used against foreign service providers. A Thai media provider was reported to be censoring a foreign news network reporting the protests.

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On 31 October, Panusaya called for the lese majeste law to be repealed in Ratchaprasong area. There were more than 3,000 people gathering. Panusaya cut her left arm open with the message '112' in the end of her speech.

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On 14 August, BBC Thai reported that there had been protests associated with Free Youth in 49 provinces, while in 11 provinces saw activism associated with pro-establishment groups. In the same day, student activist

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On 28 October, after 2-month coma, Warit Somnoi died. On the next day, pro-democracy supporters gathered at the Din Daeng police station to hold a candlelit vigil. The police pushed them back and arrested 2 people.

2742:, the state of emergency and the severe economic restriction has not been cancelled. The country's significant tourism industry has been heavily affected, leaving Thailand with its worst economic downturn since the 9471: 2603:

has intervened publicly in Thai political affairs. The King voiced his opinion on the Constitution in 2017, leading to an amendment on the power of the monarchy in the version that had already been accepted in the

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website, a move suspected to restrict access to some compromising material of the king. Meanwhile, on 1 November, a group of yellow-shirted royalists demonstrated their support for the King at the Grand Palace.

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media and organizations quickly attacked the August demands for monarchy reform, stating that the call to reform the monarchy was an act of evil, causing disunity and undermining the monarchy, and accusing the

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Thailand's royal wealth portfolio is estimated to be worth more than $ 40bn ... The transfer of ownership from the CPB to the personal control of the king confirmed him as one of the world's richest monarchs.

11888: 3258:. The plaque was removed less than 24 hours after it was installed; however, it has since proliferated as an online meme. Some international media described the rally as an open challenge to Vajiralongkorn. 1895: 8868: 2675:

needed to be appointed. According to the German foreign ministry, the Thai ambassador has been told multiple times that Germany opposes "having guests in our country who run their state affairs from here."

1001:, against the protesters. By 2022, street protests largely died down due to government suppression and internal divisions, without any demands responded, although small-scale and online activism continued. 12656: 6208: 4716: 4559: 13047: 3404:, petitioning the German government to investigate the King's activities in Germany, if he had exercising powers from German soil. And on 3 November, a demonstration was held to protest a block of the 9096: 3304:, "none appeared to be trying to reach it". Arnon accused the authorities of intentionally arranging the motorcade through the rally site. He gave an estimate of 200,000 participants before midnight. 3296:

to demand the resignation of Prayut. They were met by "counter-protesters," who were trucked in using municipal vehicles, as well as right-wing groups, including the Thai Pakdee (Loyal Thais) and the

12957: 9671: 8835: 2548:. The party won the third-largest share of parliamentary seats. After eleven months of the coalition, an opposition FFP became short-lived when it was dissolved by the Constitutional Court, as the 2243: 9281: 6905: 929:. A government decision to delay voting on a constitutional amendment in late September fuelled nearly unprecedented public republican sentiment. Following mass protests on 14 October, a "severe" 12008: 6515: 5329: 3756:

benefited only the elite. She criticized the government's mishandling of the COVID-19 pandemic, reboot the economy, repeals the junta constitution, reforms in state structures, and the monarchy.

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On 28 February, as the movement was trying to rebuild momentum since the break and jailing of some core protesters, the Restart Democracy group (rebranded from Free Youth group) held an event at

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laws they say are being used to suppress their movement. Hundreds of protesters also rallied at the 14 October 1973 Memorial that commemorates the lives of pro-democracy supporters lost during a

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115,399) on 18 October 2020. There have been attempts to prosecute the donors. A conspiracy theory accusing foreigners, including the United States government and American organisations such as

14254: 8780: 12725: 3292:, to protest the passing of the king's motorcade, resulting in the detention of activists. The planned protest rally on 14 October began at Democracy Monument, with the objective of moving to 12086: 11742: 6990: 5677: 13294: 12232: 9250: 8513: 3246:

in the afternoon and stayed overnight there, with attendance estimated at anywhere between 20,000 and 100,000, On 20 September, the protesters installed a plaque symbolizing the now-missing

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has been controversial since Bhumibol's reign. The number of cases peaked to an unprecedented scale after 2014 coup. Critics viewed it as a political weapon to suppress dissent and restrict

7394: 3915:, condemned the protesters, even accusing them of lése majesté, while the new Army commander Narongpan Jittkaewtae told the protesters to "reform yourselves first." Public Health Minister 2525:

level. Substantively amending the Constitution is almost impossible as it would require both Senate support and a referendum. Numerous generals, as well as people with historical links to

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wrote that the authorities could end their tolerance of the protests since the King had returned to Thailand and might actively pursue those who they believed to fund the protesters.

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asking for reform and a good vaccine program, but Thai riot police pressured them out before the event starts. They headed back to the parliament. But later, they went further to the

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violence. A member of a protest security group was kidnapped on the same day and was later found on 17 January, which state security personnel were thought to be the perpetuator.

5351: 12573: 9535: 8165: 6692: 4101: 10386: 5917: 2493:, and has been described as a 'political ritual', nominally brought an end to the NCPO, but the political system continued in the form of a Myanmar-style civil-military party, 12695: 11633: 11577: 9616: 14061: 9415: 3904:, and negotiation, as well as mobile jamming devices. The Government Public Relations Department of Thailand released two propaganda YouTube videos attacking the protesters. 9463: 6791: 1442: 14002: 13017: 11515: 8574: 2691:. Even though there have been no new cases since 2018, as Prayut said was the wish of King Vajiralongkorn, other security laws had been invoked in its place, such as the 3958:

diplomats to obtain advance permission to observe protests. An extraordinary parliamentary session was held 26–27 October to attempt to resolve the political situation.

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was declared in Bangkok during 15–22 October citing the alleged blocking of a royal motorcade. During this period saw the first crackdown by police on 16 October using

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On 7 October, the police was shot in the head about behind Din Daeng flat. The police raided the flats and Din Daeng area was tighten by more than hundred of polices.

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dissolve parliament", while 59.5% agreed that the government should "stop intimidating" people. Overall support for the protests stood at 53.7%, with 41.2% opposed.

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was received well by progressives and youths, who viewed it as an alternative to traditional political parties and as against the NCPO, revealing a socio-political

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Government responses included filing criminal charges using the Emergency Decree; arbitrary detention and police intimidation; delaying tactics; the deployment of

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On 17 March, Thai Parliament voted down two constitutional amendment bills, after the Constitutional Court ruled that the amendment must pass a referendum first.

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Sawasdee, Siripan Nogsuan (12 December 2019). "Electoral integrity and the repercussions of institutional manipulations: The 2019 general election in Thailand".

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that the government response was intensified compared to last year. 33 people, including 12 police officers, were reported injured, and 32 people were arrested.

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On 18 November, angered by the rejection of the people-proposed constitutional bill and the use of force the day before, thousands of protesters gathered at the

7960: 4125:, issued a statement urging the government to guarantee the fundamental rights of free speech and peaceful assembly and to remove the ban on peaceful protests. 4077:, who insisted that some protesters intended to overthrow the monarchy, or had fallen victim to third-party manipulators. In early September, the leader of the 14417: 13039: 12498: 4196: 8054: 13511: 11009: 9088: 7678: 6564:

But the late King Bhumibol Adulyadej, who died in 2016, restored the throne's prestige and power during his seven-decade reign, shaping modern Thai politics.

12543: 2707:), all of which incur comparably severe punishment, and has been using this law as a political manipulation tool. In June 2020, the forced disappearance of 948:; media censorship; the mobilisation of pro-government and royalist groups who have accused the protesters of receiving support from foreign governments or 14448: 10869: 8446: 6897: 4089:

another group of 358 scholars, has also expressed full support for the protesters. A physician was sacked for signing petition in support of the movement.

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lend its support to the counter-protesters by transporting them to the rally site, as well as accommodating them with trash trucks and mobile toilets.

3912: 14246: 12224: 12169: 11106: 11088: 8772: 3174:. According to AP, the protesters at the site had mixed reaction to the demands. BBC analyst called it the revolutionary speech for Thailand history. 2967: 1143: 12717: 10609: 10583: 9798: 9007: 8635: 4188:

against the 10 Demands protest leaders. Right-wing groups and media quickly attacked the protesters from the royal motorcade incident on 14 October.

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Tamara Mast Henderson at Bloomberg argued that the unrest could lead to the change in the risk premium demanded by investors that hold Thai bonds.

3814:

to issue a formal statement of denial. Pro-monarchy demonstrators gathered at the embassy on 27 October, demanding that the United States end the "

3763:, a teenager, was shot in the head in front of the Din Daeng police station. The bullet came from the police station. He was hospitalized in coma. 3081: 2267: 14470: 10767: 10558: 10306: 8243: 7410: 5591: 4069:

MP stated that some references to the monarchy in the protests were inconvenient truths that required attention. He received stark responses from

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before dispersing. There were no reports of violence; protest leader Parit Chiwarak called for a general strike on 14 October to commemorate the

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being employed to suppress free speech. Even though the country has a relatively successful response, as of July 2020, contributed by its robust

13493:

Sombatpoonsiri, Janjira; Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (2018). "Conservative Civil Society in Thailand". In Youngs, Richard (ed.).

12924: 9496: 8683: 8077: 7793: 7013: 6422: 6042: 6009: 5503: 3760: 2962: 2599:

era, he restored influence and respect to the throne, which helped define the modern Thai political landscape. Since assuming the throne, King

2518: 2416: 1345: 14083: 13662: 10335: 8472: 2884:

used #เสาหลักจะไม่หักอีกต่อไป (lit. The pillar will not longer be broken; an analogy to the university's tagline as "the pillar of the land.")

15211: 13069: 11656: 10234: 8741: 8605: 7853: 7730: 6658: 6622: 4953: 4756: 4117:. Civil society groups in South Korea urged their government to stop exporting water cannons to Thailand. UN human rights experts, including 2470:, and the NCPO ruled the country for five years, during which political and civil rights were restricted, and economic inequality widened. A 2185: 1801: 10360: 6542: 3506:

Law." Representatives were admitted to the building to hand over a letter, requesting the UN to pressure the Thai government into repealing

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In a rally described as one of the largest protests in years, on 19 September, protesters gathered at Thammasat University, then moved to

15069: 13180: 11151: 10472: 9295: 6741: 5858:

McCargo, Duncan; T Alexander, Saowanee; Desatova, Petra (31 December 2016). "Ordering Peace: Thailand's 2016 Constitutional Referendum".

4809: 1910: 1317: 14215: 10844: 10074: 7075: 4340:

ruling that reforms to the monarchy is unconstitutional opened further discussion about politics landscape in Thailand. Sunai Phasuk of

3324:

intersection, and more protesters were arrested. A legal aid group reported at least 51 people were arrested between 13 and 15 October.

12910: 12254: 2997: 2649: 2629: 2612:(CPB), valued at approximately US$ 40 billion, which was formerly legally considered publicly owned. He has also consolidated the 2522: 1714: 14114: 12634: 12565: 12287: 9527: 8157: 7648: 6684: 3810:, of funding the protests has been voiced by the royalist group Thailand Vision and campaigners at pro-government rallies leading the 15201: 10396: 9032: 8657: 7618: 7308: 5909: 4971: 12687: 11918: 11569: 10421: 9608: 8417: 3480:

On 29 November, thousands of protesters marched to a barracks, demanding the King to give up control of some army regiments. At the

2132: 14053: 11855: 11459: 9407: 8713: 2510: 1735: 12835: 12317: 11368: 10895: 9358: 4168:, an influential Pheu Thai politician. On social media platforms, user accounts, including ones coordinated by the ultra-royalist 2891:

used #เกียมอุดมไม่ก้มหัวให้เผด็จการ (lit. Giam Udom doesn't bow to dictatorship; the name "Giam Udom" is an alias of "Triam Udom")

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leader, called for an intervention by the military, even though the Prime Minister and army commander dismissed its possibility.

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editorials called for Prayut to resign, but both did not press the demands to draft a new constitution and reform the monarchy.

15196: 15186: 14603: 13324: 13009: 11507: 9826: 8566: 7470: 7052: 5298: 4842: 3491:

On 7 December, Free Youth began a Restart Thailand campaign emphasizing the importance of farmers and laborers. Their use of a

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on 19 July. By 23 July, demonstrations had been organised in more than 20 provinces. Some major demonstrations include one in

2389: 995:, some were imprisoned accumulatively for more than 200 days since 2020, after Prayut declared the use of all laws, including 15231: 15216: 14967: 14950: 14671: 13867: 13834: 13478: 13102: 12796: 12781: 12390: 11948: 11712: 11682: 8925: 7588: 7276: 5793: 5544: 5033: 4783: 4545: 4097: 3940:

The state has attempted to severely restrict online freedom of speech. On 24 August, in response to a Thai government order,

3811: 3251: 1701: 13409: 12365: 10635: 9219: 8362: 7158: 6392: 5995:"The Place of the Provinces in Thailand's Twenty-Year National Strategy: Toward Community Democracy in a Commercial Nation?" 15161: 15118: 14925: 14331: 14306: 11279: 10984: 9694: 9638: 9380: 8328: 7768: 4624: 3566:

group to protest holding signs saying "Monopolizing the vaccine to give the spotlight to the monarchy", directly linked to

2459: 2117: 945: 537: 14284: 12987: 12865: 12116: 11132: 9159: 8395: 8276: 8023: 7330: 6875: 4930: 4348:" that could escalate more legal cases against protesters, possibility a treason. This could lead to an end to Thailand's 3386:

present a Constitutional amendment bill and a reconciliation committee to resolve the political conflict would be set up.

2045: 423:

Constitutional Court rules that proposing reform of the monarchy is unconstitutional and amounts to acting to overthrow it

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allowed Pruyut to remain in power. Thousands of protested gathered at the Lat Phrao Intersection to protest the verdict.

3250:

plaque at Sanam Luang. The protesters submitted their demands to the President of the Privy Council via the chief of the

2750:

has predicted Thailand's GDP to shrink by 6.7 percent in 2020. The government borrowed and announced a 1.9 trillion-

2608:. He became one of the world's richest monarchs in 2018, when he was granted personal ownership of royal assets from the 2605: 2549: 2471: 2227: 2015: 1995: 1843: 1660: 1655: 1481: 1426: 1226: 1160: 644: 330: 13812: 13782: 13730: 13154: 12887: 11978: 11802: 11338: 8188: 6920: 5721: 5478: 5389: 5268: 4897: 4872: 4164:

and the former FFP of manipulating protesters. Most politicians expressed a negative reaction to the demands, including

2147: 2137: 2050: 15221: 14820: 13601: 11832: 11772: 10819: 9123: 7558: 7186: 6844: 5617: 5063: 5007: 4317: 2409: 1498: 7432: 7363: 3320:(MP) of resembling pre-2014 coup days. A smaller planned occupation of at least 13,500 participants went ahead at the 15000: 14659: 14395: 13953: 13760: 13639: 13439: 12423: 12038: 11546: 9583: 8221: 8107: 7952: 7708: 6815: 6482: 6065: 5566: 5418: 4278:

In some rallies, most of the participants were women, including schoolgirls protesting for social change and against

4100:

that called for schools and learning institutions to be safe havens and forums for children's freedom of expression.

4085:, stated a motion from the opposition coalition to amend Article 256 was aligned with the demands of the protesters. 3481: 2619:

On the eve of the 2019 election, Vajiralongkorn issued a royal announcement urging people to vote for "good people" (

2311: 2221: 1975: 1915: 1245: 14409: 14693: 12445: 9320: 8046: 4400: 4384: 4337: 4181: 3997: 3624: 2506: 2279: 1548: 1536: 953: 634: 13494: 13132: 11429: 11399: 10497: 8132: 7670: 6285:

McCargo, Duncan; Alexander, Saowanee T. (2019). "Thailand's 2019 Elections: A State of Democratic Dictatorship?".

4211:

journalist during an interview in Bangkok he said that he believes if English people used the words against Queen

3477:

urged people to park vehicles at key Bangkok intersections in the event of a coup, to obstruct military movement.

15062: 12535: 4169: 3922:

The authorities have intimidated protesters via the state academic system. The Thai authorities, referencing the

3907:

Prayut blamed the protesters for further damaging the country's economy. Key military personnel, such as General

3744:

intersection. She stated in front of the Sino-Thai office, a construction company owned by Deputy Prime Minister

3530:, which also coincided with a COVID-19 outbreak in the country. Protest leaders said they were taking a "break". 3297: 2556:. Former FFP members stressed the regime's corruption and were active in exposing the junta's involvement in the 2514: 2295: 1930: 1719: 1696: 595: 14440: 6090: 3499:. Many student leaders distanced themselves from the group, concerned that new protesters would be discouraged. 2947:(Phra Chom Klao) used #พระจอมเกล้าชอบกินเหล้าไม่ชอบกินสลิ่ม (Phra chom klao loves eating liquors but not salim) 15191: 12596: 12339: 7105: 4395: 4290: 3703: 2774: 992: 13235: 8298: 7271:[Social boiled. Push hash tag 'Rayong police arrest people' in incident of two teens holding signs.]. 6576: 3986:"The actions have hidden intentions to overthrow the constitutional monarchy and were not a call for reform," 3613: 2907: 15206: 14972: 14955: 14945: 14913: 13923: 12052: 9557: 9065: 7822:[Summary of demonstration Thammasat will not tolerate 'We do not want reforms; we want revolution']. 7211:[Careless. Let COVID infected Egyptian soldier in. Rayong tourism heavily damaged, waiting to die.]. 4526:

Jory, Patrick (31 December 2019). "Chapter Five. Republicanism in Thai History". In Peleggi, Maurizio (ed.).

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sentiment has never been stronger in Thailand, while another opined that the 19 September 2020 protest was a

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threat to national security but wanting to improve Thai society and for the monarchy to exist under the law.

3633:

On 20 March, a protester group called REDEM, amounting about 1,000, gathered at Sanam Luang, in front of the

3100: 2861: 2845: 2732: 2720: 2688: 2680: 2475: 2402: 2238: 1866: 1820: 1332: 1185: 1170: 996: 949: 905:. Protests resumed on 18 July 2020 with a large demonstration organised under the Free Youth umbrella at the 902: 297: 239: 4245: 14789: 14784: 12748:"ยอมรับแล้ว! "ปิยบุตร" ยืมปาก "พิธา" เฉลย "ล้มเจ้า" ในม็อบ "สาธิต" นักธุรกิจอินเดียรักในหลวงขอถก "บิ๊กแดง"" 7495:[Rotting political cycle. Spark 'Free Youth' mob to streets, affirms not to "overthrow monarchy"]. 6174: 4590: 4379: 4009: 3293: 3163: 2498: 2142: 2010: 1935: 1859: 1853: 984: 687: 13210: 8627: 4118: 15226: 8959: 4029:

quoted a government official stating that the King was not bothered by the "children's" protests, but an

3725: 3401: 2895: 2841: 2806: 2747: 2743: 1862: 1565: 110: 15113: 14920: 14908: 13536: 4113:

expressed their support for the movements, for example Hong Kong student protesters, including activist

4025:

The King and the palace initially did not express any public opinion about the protests. In August, the

3749: 3502:

On 10 December, democracy activists rallied at the UN's Bangkok office, held up a banner saying "Repeal

3022:

on 23 July, of which its hashtag #IsanSibothon quickly trended first on Twitter in Thailand, and one in

2980: 2876:, has characterized the protests. Hashtags have emerged for protests at each institution. For example: 2455: 2434:

Over the previous 90 years in Thailand, elected governments have frequently been overthrown by military

2162: 2157: 2152: 2078: 2073: 247: 15055: 14892: 14887: 14882: 14877: 14872: 14867: 14862: 14857: 14779: 14774: 14646: 11331:"เปิดบทสนทนาของนักศึกษากลุ่ม "ไทยภักดี" กับ "ประชาชนปลดแอก" ว่าด้วยท่อน้ำเลี้ยง-เพดาน-สิ่งศักดิ์สิทธิ์" 9464:"Student protest leaders do not trust the prime minister's offer to amend the constitution by December" 8890:

Tostevin, Matthew; Tanakasempipat, Patpicha; Setboonsarng, Chayut; Wongcha-um, Panu (23 October 2020).

4203:", he also attacking the protester and supporting the government and the monarchy which he reacted to 3885: 3646: 3511: 3255: 3023: 2490: 2486: 2467: 2443: 2061: 2040: 2005: 2000: 1980: 1609: 1603: 1598: 1593: 1560: 1221: 901:

This first wave of protests was held exclusively on academic campuses and was brought to a halt by the

259: 7132: 2929:(KKU) used #KKUขอโทษที่ช้าโดนสลิ่มลบโพสต์ (KKU is sorry for being late; posts were deleted by salims) 15181: 15176: 14995: 10260: 9720: 3113: 3015: 2613: 2569: 2190: 1890: 1640: 1635: 1630: 1625: 1524: 1260: 1180: 918: 364: 13566:"New Social Media and Politics in Thailand: The Emergence of Fascist Vigilante Groups on Facebook". 5994: 1021: 65: 14937: 7299:"Thailand's Future Forward Party Has the Support of Young Thais. A Court Could Disband It Entirely" 6237:

McCargo, Duncan (2019). "Southeast Asia's Troubling Elections: Democratic Demolition in Thailand".

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article reported that the Thai monarchy has asked Thai media to censor mention of the ten demands.

4030: 3514:, they raised the three-finger salute and shouted "Abolish 112," referring to the criminal code of 2881: 2829: 2335: 1856: 1279: 1122: 1089: 1079: 1072: 980: 895: 682: 291: 14517: 13461:

Neumayer, Christina (22 December 2015), "Nationalist and Anti-Fascist Movements in Social Media",

8952:"Thai Leader Declares 'Severe' State of Emergency in Bangkok as Anti-Government Protests Continue" 8597: 7845: 6649: 6613: 5206: 3682: 3538:

Protestors took a break in December 2020 and January 2021 as Thailand was hit by a second wave of

3417:

five injuries, including one police officer, according to the capital's emergency medical center.

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After no major events for nearly a month, on 13 October, a small group of protesters gathered at

3065: 2888: 2849: 2833: 2553: 2494: 2355: 2255: 2083: 1985: 1900: 1873: 1846: 1094: 532: 303: 287: 10921:"ตร. อ้างความรุนแรงเกิดจากผู้ชุมนุมเป็นหลัก ยืนยันว่าใช้มาตรการที่ "ได้รับการยอมรับในระดับสากล"" 5235:"ตร. อ้างความรุนแรงเกิดจากผู้ชุมนุมเป็นหลัก ยืนยันว่าใช้มาตรการที่ "ได้รับการยอมรับในระดับสากล"" 3972:" from the authorities. In many occasions, those charged with lèse-majesté were denied bail and 15171: 15166: 14746: 3470: 3196:

On 20 August, two large-scale student protests of approximately 1,000 people each were held in

3019: 2739: 2101: 1449: 1352: 1233: 1208: 1190: 914: 274: 9408:"Thailand's Prime Minister lifts state of emergency. Protesters give him three days to resign" 7553:[Protest spread to more than 20 provinces. Show timeline starting from 'Free Youth']. 4392:, online democratic movement made up of netizens from Hong Kong, Taiwan, Thailand, and Myanmar 2987:

in Bangkok with around 2,500 protesters. The protesters, organised under the name Free Youth (

2902:

Some have mentioned their distaste of the pro-military and pro-monarchy conservatives (dubbed

2671:, Germany. At his request, the Thai constitution was amended to remove the requirement that a 15097: 14849: 14832: 14727: 13347:"บุก 'ไทยซัมมิท' หนสอง ศ.ป.ป.ส.ไล่ 'ธนาธร' พ้นแผ่นดิน จี้ถือธงนำหน้า อย่าแอบหลังขบวนการ น.ศ." 5785:

After the coup : the National Council for Peace and Order era and the future of Thailand

4294: 4105: 3158: 2708: 2609: 2345: 2306: 2206: 2196: 2171: 2067: 2035: 1731: 1578: 1511: 1195: 1127: 600:

Coordination Center of Vocational Students for the Protection of National Institutions (CVPI)

520: 309: 269: 117: 12902: 5441:"หยุดไม่อยู่ แฟลชม็อบทุกวัน ตร.จับ 9 แกนปลดแอกส่งฝากขัง-ศาลให้ประกัน ตั้งเงื่อนไขห้ามผิดซ้ำ" 1779: 882:, protests began in early 2020 with demonstrations against the government of Prime Minister 15092: 14722: 14611: 14054:"Thailand's monarchy was long considered God-like. But protesters say it's time for change" 12626: 12279: 11261:"'รุ้ง' กรีดแขนซ้ายเป็นเลข 112 ประทับเลือดบนแถลงการณ์ ประกาศเจตจำนง จี้ปล่อยนักโทษการเมือง" 10896:"Thai Police Use Tear Gas, Rubber Bullets to Break Up Protest | Voice of America – English" 10210: 7640: 7179:[Ppl. concerned Egyptian soldier-Sudanese family to cause new COVID-19 pandemic]. 6577:"Thai parliament approves king's constitutional changes request, likely delaying elections" 3799: 3458: 3412:

On 8 November, an estimated 7,000–10,000 protesters marched from Democracy Monument to the

3339:

Police using water cannons to disperse protesters at Pathum Wan Intersection on 16 October.

3317: 3289: 3205: 2926: 2919: 2837: 2825: 2813: 2537: 2201: 1252: 1152: 1109: 1040: 957: 891: 887: 556: 477: 253: 12471:"Hunger-striking monarchy reform activist gets bail, goes straight to hospital | Coconuts" 11452:"ปังมาก! แฟนคลับเกาหลี โดเนทท่อน้ำเลี้ยงม็อบ ไม่กี่วันทะลุล้าน ผุดแคมเปญ เลิกซื้อโฆษณารฟฟ" 7610: 7298: 960:

were unconstitutional and ordered an end to all movements. The ruling has been likened to

8: 15139: 14751: 14705: 13375: 12627:""ในหลวง" ตรัส "กล้ามาก เก่งมาก ขอบใจ" ชายชูพระบรมฉายาลักษณ์ ร.๙ กลางผู้ประท้วง (ชมคลิป)" 11910: 10969: 4345: 3916: 3881: 3745: 3189:

On 16 August, a large gathering which around 20,000–25,000 people joined was held at the

3126: 3011: 2541: 2340: 2330: 2300: 2095: 2055: 1963: 1920: 1434: 1307: 1299: 1269: 961: 263: 36: 14027: 13492: 12950:"UNICEF calls for the protection of children and young people amid protests in Thailand" 11451: 8981: 4054: 14654: 14619: 14518:"From Hamtaro to Drag Queen: Pop Cultures as the New Means for Thai Political Movement" 13775:"'อ.เจษฎา' ชี้ม็อบสาดสีใส่ตร. 'รุนแรง-คุกคาม' ยกตัวอย่างสากลประท้วงสันติวิธีด้วยภาพวาด" 12827: 12309: 11657:"Dancing with dictatorship: how the government is dealing with the Free Youth movement" 11360: 11152:"Thai anti-govt protesters, angry with Covid-19 response, clash with police in Bangkok" 9350: 6361: 6353: 6310: 6262: 6144: 5975: 5891: 5883: 4551: 4410: 4341: 4313: 4177: 4165: 4150: 4109: 4082: 4074: 4066: 3973: 3908: 3803: 3787: 3721: 3469:

On 27 November, about 5,000 protesters joined an anti-coup drill in northern Bangkok's

3313: 3308: 3190: 3183: 3093: 3061: 3046: 2984: 2933: 2903: 2809: 2790: 2592: 2502: 1473: 1379: 1273: 1175: 930: 906: 755: 732: 568: 414: 400: 340: 113: 90: 12747: 8567:"Thai Protesters Challenge Monarchy with Symbolic Plaque | Voice of America – English" 7875: 5440: 5088: 1517: 1009: 15078: 14717: 14688: 14683: 14666: 13583: 13575: 13503: 13474: 13010:"Thailand: Bangkok shuts public transport as protests persist | DW | 17 October 2020" 8047:"Black magic and calls for change at large protest at Khon Kaen's Democracy Monument" 7402: 7208: 6898:"After court rejects petition to free dissident, he is released from mental hospital" 6749: 6365: 6345: 6314: 6302: 6266: 6254: 6148: 6136: 5979: 5967: 5895: 5875: 5840: 5799: 5789: 4555: 4541: 4389: 4353: 4279: 4223:, issued a statement branding the movement "terrorists," prompting consumer boycott. 4200: 3976:, and many of them performed hunger strikes to call for their right of getting bail. 3753: 3492: 3429: 3197: 3150: 3145:-themed demonstration was held, which 200 people joined, featured a public speech by 3050: 2777:

over his frustration due to pressure on his verdicts in favour of military officers,

2759: 2754:(US$ 60 billion) stimulus package, though few people have actually received it. 2716: 2451: 2360: 2350: 1774: 1769: 1418: 1414: 1402: 1371: 1338: 1014: 883: 710: 551: 388: 324: 235: 13723:"เอาแล้ว! 'ลุงกำนัน' เหลืออดม็อบคุกคามขบวนเสด็จ ชวนพี่น้องร่วมอุดมการณ์ปกป้องสถาบัน" 13316: 11881:"Exclusive: Thailand tells universities to stop students' calls for monarchy reform" 10794:"Thai parliament voted down charter amendment bill in third reading Wednesday night" 10446: 7462: 7044: 6116: 5592:"Amnesty, Rung Panusaya seek end to alleged Thai Government human rights violations" 5290: 4834: 4108:

recognized the peaceful nature of the rallies, and condemned police crackdowns. The

3665:

fire tear gas to anti-government protesters during Din Daeng Protests in August 2021

2719:, who wore a shirt with the slogan "I lost faith in the monarchy", was subjected to 14734: 14710: 14678: 13692: 13466: 13346: 12194: 11260: 10686: 10660: 10391: 7492: 6337: 6294: 6246: 6128: 5959: 5867: 5830: 5149: 4533: 4427: 3927: 3658: 3603: 3590: 3563: 3448: 3372: 2937: 2853: 2782: 2595:, which ended in 2016. After the period of decreased status of the monarchy during 2530: 2479: 2365: 2089: 1990: 1905: 1453: 1356: 1029: 768: 720: 278: 100: 13859: 13260: 13094: 12980:"Unicef reminds Thailand of young people's right to safety, freedom of expression" 12773: 11940: 11704: 11674: 8917: 7701:"[Full statement] The demonstration at Thammasat proposes monarchy reform" 7580: 7268: 5536: 5029: 4123:

Special Rapporteur on the Right to Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and of Association

3526:

After five months of street protest, the movement quieted in late December before

3010:

After 18 July, the protests began to spread across the country. The first were in

1214: 54: 15024: 14739: 14698: 14572: 13805:"เพจโปลิศไทยแลนด์ ตำหนิม็อบสาดสีใส่ตำรวจไม่เกิดผลดีเลย แสดงออกถึงตัวตนเป็นเช่นไร" 13401: 10687:"#ตำรวจกระทืบหมอ ติดเทรนด์ทวิตเตอร์ เช้านี้ หลัง ชาวเน็ตแชร์คลิป ทีมแพทย์โดนล้อม" 9876:"At least 55 hurt in Thailand's most violent protests since new movement emerged" 9772:"ม็อบยุติชุมนุมหลังจัดกิจกรรมส่งสาส์นราษฎร ย้ำ3ข้อเรียกร้องประนีประนอมที่สุดแล้ว" 9211: 7303: 6819: 6384: 4267: 4161: 4078: 4059: 4005: 3893: 3571: 3543:

a.m. on 14 January 2021, leading to a flash protest at the local police station.

3474: 3462: 3167: 2911: 2763: 2696: 2526: 2447: 2383: 2261: 1467: 1291: 1285: 1264: 1256: 1237: 1084: 972: 867: 672: 376: 14358:"Putsch to shove? Thai PM led a coup but won't talk about the chance of another" 13502:. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. pp. 27–32. 11481: 11392:"ทราย เจริญปุระ โพสต์โต้ปมควักเงินหนุนม็อบ ลั่น "จะตรวจสอบอะไร ไม่ได้รับบริจาค"" 10947:"7 activists denied bail once again; student hunger striker in declining health" 10283: 10051: 9999: 9976: 9875: 9771: 9749: 7760: 6836: 4497:

Reportedly died from a heart attack during the 28 February event, not by injury.

1115: 15037: 14636: 14495: 14276: 13975: 13889: 13376:"ชาวเน็ตสงสัย พบกลุ่มชายหัวเกรียน รวมตัวเป็นกลุ่ม ตั้งข้อสังเกต เตรียมแฝงม็อบ?" 12857: 12108: 11735:"Prayut says the economic situation will not recover because of the protesters" 11625: 10540: 9923: 9212:"Thailand protests: Riot police fire water cannon as protesters defy rally ban" 9151: 8387: 8268: 8015: 7905: 7364:"จุดติด-ไม่ติด : แฮชแท็กและการชุมนุมประท้วงของนิสิตนักศึกษาบอกอะไรเราบ้าง" 7014:"Explaining Successful (and Unsuccessful) COVID-19 Responses in Southeast Asia" 6867: 6715: 5819:"The Prayuth Regime: Embedded Military and Hierarchical Capitalism in Thailand" 4922: 3941: 3933:

As of December 2020, at least 234 people were arrested, with charges including

3567: 3247: 3234: 3179: 2660: 2600: 2596: 2463: 1880: 1165: 1134: 1025: 976: 926: 677: 624: 14564: 14558: 13945: 13587: 13507: 13431: 12979: 12828:"เอก HRK และ โบ๊ะบ๊ะแฟมมิลี่ ออกมาแสดงจุดยืนทางการเมือง ถึงกลุ่ม เยาวชนปลดแอก" 12688:"'Thailand is the land of compromise,' Thai King says in rare public comments" 12415: 11508:"เหล่าแฟนคลับศิลปินเกาหลีร่วมระดมทุนท่อน้ำเลี้ยง ยอดทะลุล้านในเวลาอันรวดเร็ว!" 11422:"มาแล้ว! "ทราย เจริญปุระ" ตั้งโรงครัวให้ชาวม็อบ บริเวณสนามหลวงใกล้พระแม่ธรณีฯ" 11243:"Thousands protest for monarchy reform, as Thailand readies for more tourists" 10870:"Thai protesters burn tyres, dodge rubber bullets in latest clash with police" 9950:"PM thanks volunteers for graffiti cleanup after huge anti-government protest" 7819: 7763:[Student mobs amass to resist "Uncle Tu government" in Thammasat U.]. 7238: 5803: 4738: 4537: 3863: 3850: 3343:

On 16 October, around 2,000 unarmed protesters, mostly teenagers, gathered at

2940:) used #ศาลายางดกินของหวานหลายสี (Salaya stops eating multi-coloured dessert ) 2812:

on 25 February. The crossed out number is the popular vote count of dissolved

15155: 14332:"Thailand: What happened to mass anti-government protests? | DW | 19.05.2022" 13804: 13774: 13722: 13579: 13470: 12879: 11970: 11794: 11330: 11280:"Thailand: What happened to mass anti-government protests? | DW | 19.05.2022" 11061: 11035: 7926: 7406: 6753: 6349: 6306: 6258: 6201:"From sinister to minister: politician's drug trafficking jail time revealed" 6140: 5971: 5963: 5879: 5844: 5753:"The king and I: the student risking jail by challenging Thailand's monarchy" 5470: 5381: 5260: 4976: 4864: 4682: 4625:"Thailand: What happened to mass anti-government protests? | DW | 19.05.2022" 4357: 4307: 4263: 4250: 4204: 3741: 3321: 3281: 3209: 3193:

and reiterated calls for a revised constitution and reforms to the monarchy.

3075: 2988: 2778: 2700: 2640: 2620: 2439: 1840: 894:(FFP) in late February 2020 which was critical of Prayut, the changes to the 886:. They later expanded to include the unprecedented demands for reform of the 392: 14410:""Red rim soldiers": the changing leadership of Thailand's military in 2020" 11824: 11764: 11170:"Student movement organizes Car Mob demanding political and monarchy reform" 8918:"เกาะติด "คณะราษฎร" ชุมนุม 14 ตุลา "ราษฎรจะเดินนำ ที่ราชดำเนิน" – บีบีซีไทย" 8889: 7550: 7269:"โซเชียลเดือด ดันแฮชแท็ก #ตํารวจระยองอุ้มประชาชน ปม 2 วัยรุ่นชูป้ายไล่นายกฯ" 7176: 6813:

2014 coup marks the highest number of lèse-majesté prisoners in Thai history

6508:"Thailand protesters openly criticise monarchy in Harry Potter-themed rally" 5783: 5055: 4999: 2482:

with a much reduced role for politicians at both national and local levels.

1387: 14538:"Deep fears within the media surface as people openly discuss the monarchy" 12499:"Thai court rules students' royal reform call sought to overthrow monarchy" 10206:"Thai protesters flood street with rubber ducks in 'coup prevention' drill" 9351:"ม.รามเดือด กลุ่มปกป้องสถาบัน เผชิญหน้า-ปะทะ กลุ่มรามคำแหงปชต. ตร.ห้ามวุ่น" 7551:"ประท้วงดาวกระจายลามกว่า 20 จังหวัด เปิดไทม์ไลน์จุดเริ่มจาก 'เยาวชนปลดแอก'" 7527: 7366:[Sparked or not: What do hash tags and student protests told us?]. 6035:"Thai opposition tells PM to resign at parliamentary debate about protests" 4433: 4416: 4212: 3877: 3717: 3634: 3413: 3348: 3157:

On 10 August, there was a rally at Thammasat University, Rangsit campus in

3149:

which openly criticised the monarchy, and demanded amendment of increasing

3142: 2581: 2577: 2557: 2545: 934: 14537: 14387: 13752: 13631: 12030: 11538: 11169: 10965:"Why Protesters Are Back on the Streets in Thailand – The Washington Post" 10946: 10522: 8802: 8299:"Massive Crowd Turns Out in Bangkok for Weekend of Pro-Democracy Protests" 8213: 8158:"First ever dialogue on Thai monarchy arrives in Parliament's 'safe zone'" 7700: 6474: 6298: 6250: 5650: 3728:, preparing to go to Prayut Chan-o-cha house. Thai riot police closed the 2591:

Criticism of the monarchy was quite rare during the 70-year reign of King

2497:, which essentially continues the NCPO's policies and orders as a form of 420:

Protesters' demands, including calls for constitutional amendment, failed.

14555:

Propaganda videos by Government Public Relations Department of Thailand.

14277:"Thailand protest: Why young activists are embracing Hong Kong's tactics" 13916:"มือมืดปาสี ใส่กลุ่มไทยภักดี ขณะชุมนุมปกป้องสถาบันที่ศาลหลักเมืองขอนแก่น" 10258: 9243:"Police In Bangkok Use Water Cannon To Break Up Anti-Government Protests" 9152:"Thai protests: Demonstrators gather again in Bangkok, defying crackdown" 8684:""Elevated risk of unrest" after 21 activist arrests, UN department says" 7209:"หละหลวม ปล่อยทหารอียิปต์ติดโควิด เข้ามา ท่องเที่ยวระยองพังหนัก รอวันตาย" 6812: 4114: 4001: 3901: 3897: 3699: 3620:#ตำรวจกระทืบหมอ ("police stomped doctor") trended the country's Twitter. 3243: 3171: 3146: 1925: 968: 668: 384: 14216:"Thailand's Protesters Want the World to Know #WhatsHappeningInThailand" 14003:"Foodpanda Faces Boycott After Calling Anti-Gov't Protester 'Terrorist'" 13632:"Constitutional Court accepts treason complaint against protest leaders" 13040:"Thailand: Police disperse pro-democracy protesters outside PM's office" 12718:"Can Thai monarchy emerge unscathed as it faces its greatest challenge?" 11089:"A year after taboo on Thai king broken, 103 face jail for royal insult" 11062:"คาร์ม็อบ 1 ส.ค. เรียกร้องประยุทธ์ลาออก เหตุบริหารวิกฤตโควิด-19 ล้มเหลว" 10422:"Law and the virus fail to halt Thailand's 'guerrilla' protest movement" 10075:"As Protests Grow, Thailand's Authorities Dust Off Royal Defamation Law" 7820:"ประมวลชุมนุม #ธรรมศาสตร์จะไม่ทน 'เราไม่ต้องการปฏิรูปเราต้องการปฏิวัติ'" 7241:[Rayong tourism devastated. 90% hotel-resort booking canceled]. 6716:"Thailand revives law banning criticism of king in bid to curb protests" 6357: 5887: 5670:"A royal bubble bursts: Thailand's king faces trouble on two continents" 4331: 3457:

On 25 November, over 10,000 protesters converged on the headquarters of

3373:

Assault of student protesters at Ramkhamhaeng University 21 October 2020

2848:

on 24 February. Various high school students also organised protests at

2584:

and reducing the defense budget, including the purchase of submarines),

2568:

Further sources of grievance, many of which the FFP championed, include

2466:

which came to power following the coup. Prayut was eventually appointed

13124: 11911:"ด่วน! ตร.พัทลุง ทำหนังสือถึงโรงเรียน สั่งห้าม นร.-นศ. ชุมนุมไล่รัฐบาล" 11539:"'ศรีสุวรรณ' ร้องสอบ 'ท่อน้ำเลี้ยงม็อบ' รับหาหลักฐานเอาผิด 'กปปส.' ยาก" 11421: 11391: 10742:"Activists Weigh on 'Leaderless' Protest Tactic After Night of Clashes" 10447:"เพนกวิน-รุ่ง นำมวลชนชุมนุมหน้าสภ.คลองหลวง เหตุ 'นิว มธ.' ถูกจับคดี112" 10155:"Thailand latest: Protesters stage 'rehearsal to fight against a coup'" 9721:"Thai king says still loves protesters, Thailand is land of compromise" 9058:"'รังสิมันต์ โรม'โพสต์ภาพทหารเข้าประจำการรัฐสภาหวั่นคล้ายสถานการณ์ปี57" 8803:"Anti-government protesters reach Government House, criticize monarchy" 7395:"'We want a true democracy': students lead Thailand's protest movement" 6385:"Thai protests: Thousands gather in Bangkok as king returns to country" 6132: 5835: 5818: 5722:"Thailand's Leader Offers End to Crackdown on Pro-Democracy Protesters" 5411: 4972:"Police officer dies of heart attack in wake of weekend clashes (2021)" 4283: 4156: 4026: 3889: 3815: 3737: 3642: 3559: 3551: 3204:. Activists announced a "major rally" planned on 19 September 2020, at 3186:

to immediately release him and drop all charges against all activists.

2872:

The use of online media, such as TikTok and Twitter, including various

2544:

along generational lines, i.e., between Thai youth and the ruling Thai

988: 692: 14441:"Almost Like Clockwork, Talk of a Military Coup Follows Thai Protests" 13860:"หมอสุกิจ อัดม็อบหยาบคายใส่ 'ชวน' ยันเป็นกลาง ไล่ไปด่า ส.ส.-สว.ตัวเอง" 12310:"ช่วงม็อบพบโพสต์ผิดพรก. 3.2 แสนข้อความ จ่อฟันคนโพสต์-สื่อ-นักการเมือง" 12001:"Anti-Govt Protesters Detained, Given 'Attitude Adjustment' in Jungle" 10000:"Thai woman alleges sex abuse in school then faces storm of criticism" 8214:"Apologies, demands made at first anti-dictatorship overnight protest" 7493:"วังวนการเมืองเน่าสุด จุดไฟม็อบ#เยาวชนปลดแอกลงถนน ยืนยันไม่ "ล้มเจ้า"" 5782:

Montesano, Michael John; Chong, Terence; Heng, Mark (7 January 2019).

5698:"Thai court rules calls for curbs on monarchy are 'abuse of freedoms'" 5322:"Anti-Govt Protesters Detained, Given 'Attitude Adjustment' in Jungle" 3049:), demonstrated at the Democracy Monument calling for legalisation of 96:

A student protester reading demands on monarchical reform on 3 August.

13753:"11th grader summoned by teacher, asked not to give protest speeches" 9528:"Thai Parliament Opens Special Session Over Anti-Government Protests" 9274:"Thailand's crackdown on protests turns violent: Five things to know" 7641:""กลุ่มเสรีเทยพลัส" จัดกิจกรรมม็อบไม่มุ้งมิ้งแต่ตุ้งติ้งค่ะคุณรัฐบาล" 7581:"#อีสานสิบ่ทน พุ่งติดเทรนด์อันดับ 1 แห่ขบวนหมอลำ ม่วนหลายก่อนปราศรัย" 4220: 4042:"love them all the same," and "Thailand is the land of compromise." 3795: 3729: 3496: 3276: 3201: 2972: 1049: 898:

in 2017, and the country's political landscape that it gave rise to.

396: 372: 16:

Pro-democracy demonstrations and other civil disobedience in Thailand

15047: 13095:"โจชัว หว่อง ฝากถึงชาวโลก ให้ช่วยยืนเคียงข้างชาวไทยหัวใจประชาธิปไตย" 12774:"เพื่อไทย แถลงการณ์ ของเสียงทุกฝ่ายให้ครบ 250 ดัน ตั้ง ส.ส.ร.แก้รธน" 11188:"Flats raided, many detained after riot policeman shot in Din Daeng" 10473:"Scuffles Break Out as Thai Protesters Flout Virus Rules to Protest" 10100:"Thailand latest: Kingdom's top scholar calls for Prayuth's removal" 8628:"Getting Radical? Thai netizens call for the "Republic of Thailand"" 8598:"#RepublicofThailand trends as protesters maintain push on monarchy" 7106:"Thai emergency decree extended to end-November to curb coronavirus" 7076:"Thailand's state of emergency has been extended for the sixth time" 6341: 5871: 5150:"เอราวัณ รายงานเหตุชุมนุมเจ็บ 5 ราย ส่ง รพ.และกลับบ้านได้แล้วทุกราย" 3786:

The protests are financed by private donations, mainly from actress

3238:

The occupation of Sanam Luang by demonstrators on 19 September 2020.

2979:

On 18 July, Thailand saw the largest street demonstration since the

2695:

law, the Computer Crime Act, or the offense of being a member of an

1062: 13287:"Thai protest icon is 'prepared' to cross kingdom's forbidden line" 12195:"โซเชียลตั้งคำถาม ทีวีไทยเซ็นเซอร์ ตัดสัญญาณออกอากาศสื่อต่างประเทศ" 11856:"Can COVID-19's Impact on Democracy in Southeast Asia be Reversed?" 11306:"'Shattering the palace': Young women take up Thailand reform call" 10282:

Tanakasempipat, Patpicha; Thepgumpanat, Panarat (2 December 2020).

10050:

Tanakasempipat, Patpicha; Setboonsarng, Chayut (25 November 2020).

9182:"Thai police resort to teargas, arrest warrants against protesters" 7331:"A Popular Thai Opposition Party Was Disbanded. What Happens Next?" 7181: 6650:"Thais question king's spending as economy takes hit from Covid-19" 6543:"Thailand's King Becomes a Foreign Relations Challenge for Germany" 5471:""ทัตเทพ-ภานุมาศ" ได้รับการปล่อยตัวแล้ว นักวิชาการ-ส.ส. ช่วยประกัน" 5182:"Thailand parliament weighs changing constitution as protests rage" 4651:"'Shattering the palace': Young women take up Thailand reform call" 4527: 4484:

Later found to be associated with a minor junior coalition partner

4208: 4038: 3945: 3934: 3876:

analysis found that the government response has included force and

3555: 3539: 3527: 3449:

Clip of unknown person throwing explosive at rally 25 November 2020

3352: 3132:

Investigate the murders of commentators or critics of the monarchy.

2922:(KU) used #KUไม่ใช่ขนมหวานราดกะทิ (KU is not coconut milk dessert ) 2786: 2692: 2585: 2249: 879: 380: 220: 13915: 12858:"Time to call out. Thai stars show solidarity with protest leader" 12566:"Thai PM says protesters' call for monarchy reform 'went too far'" 12517:"Constitutional Court rules activists aimed to overthrow monarchy" 12225:"Thailand latest: Bangkok's big malls brace for afternoon protest" 12139:"Thailand to block 2,000 websites ahead of pro-democracy protests" 9719:

Tanakasempipat, Patpicha; Setboonsarng, Chayut (1 November 2020).

9057: 8773:"Bangkok On Edge as Royalists Face Off With Anti-Gov't Protesters" 7986:"Thailand's youth demo evolves to largest protest since 2014 coup" 4892: 4890: 4784:"Thailand's unprecedented revolt pits the people against the King" 3347:, and two hours later were dispersed by the police. High-pressure 3002: 2654: 2634: 1017:, leader of the ruling government, is a main goal of the protests. 890:. The protests were initially triggered by the dissolution of the 268:

Forced disappearance and deaths of political activists, including

14247:"Schoolgirls Emerge as Leaders of Leaderless Protests in Bangkok" 12079:"Opinion: The Irony of a Facebook Group Critical of the Monarchy" 11705:"แห่ดิสไลค์ คลิปกรมประชาฯ โวยรัฐใช้ภาษีทำคลิปดิสเครดิตม็อบเยาวชน" 11482:"สุดปังพลังติ่ง แฟนคลับศิลปินเกาหลีระดมเงิน 2.3 ล้านสนับสนุนม็อบ" 10584:"Cops Say They Don't Use Tear Gas During Clash at Police Station" 10387:"Thailand protesters seek UN help to repeal royal defamation law" 10334:

Phoonphongphiphat, Apornrath; Yuda, Masayuki (23 December 2020).

10261:"Thai protesters march to barracks against king's military power" 8537:"Less Than a Day Old, Democracy Plaque Lives On In Memes, Fanart" 7611:"4 มหาวิทยาลัยในโคราช นักเรียน ประชาชน แสดงพลังทวงคืนประชาธิปไตย" 5261:"ออกหมายจับแกนนำชุมนุมต่อต้านรัฐบาล-ปราศรัยวิจารณ์สถาบันกษัตริย์" 4810:"King says Thailand 'land of compromise' as he greets supporters" 4580:

Thai authorities just allow incoming foreign tourists in October.

4185: 4173: 3969: 3807: 3405: 3301: 3069: 3057: 3038: 2873: 2821: 2767: 2668: 2474:, widely called unfree and unfair, was held in 2016 to approve a 1807: 1797: 910: 12597:"Thailand Steps Up Response as Antigovernment Protests Escalate" 11107:"Thailand: Arbitrary detention of eight pro-democracy activists" 10610:"First Major Rally in Months Saw 10 Protesters Briefly Detained" 10126:"Shots Fired, Explosive Thrown at Protesters; Injuries Reported" 9874:

Setboonsarng, Chayut; Thepgumpanat, Panarat (17 November 2020).

8861:"PM ORDERS PROSECUTION OF PROTESTERS WHO 'BLOCKED ROYAL CONVOY'" 7929:[Investigate protest line support-against government.]. 6784:"Thailand's king should not reign from German soil, Berlin says" 4685:[Student flash mobs: sparks in pan or spreading fire?]. 3574:

drug company. She was harassed and assaulted by Iconsiam guard.

12170:"Govt taking legal action against major social media providers" 11765:""บิ๊กแดง" น้ำตาคลอ! เปิดใจถึงม็อบ นศ. เตือนอย่าใช้วาจาจาบจ้วง" 10768:"'Mysterious Men' at Protest Identified as Police and Soldiers" 10025:"Thailand protesters besiege king's asset Siam Commercial Bank" 9899:"Thailand parliament discards most constitutional reform ideas" 9849:"Protest Promotes a Diversity of Causes, From Feminism to LGBT" 9748:

Kuhakan, Jiraporn; Tanakasempipat, Patpicha (8 November 2020).

9609:"Thai protesters march on German embassy to seek probe of king" 9089:"Activist Leaders Arrested But Ratchaprasong Rally to Go Ahead" 9008:"Twenty protesters arrested, planned Thursday rally prohibited" 6983:"Thailand seeks to extend COVID emergency despite no new cases" 5537:"พรรคก้าวไกล เจรจา ผบช.น. เข้าพื้นที่ชุมนุม พาคนเจ็บออกจากม็อบ" 4887: 4835:"คุม 'ทนายอานนท์ – ไมค์' ส่งศาลแล้วทั้งคู่ ทามกลางมวลชนนับร้อย" 4102:

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

4093: 3759:

On 16 August, in series of street fight around Din Deang area,

2672: 2573: 1746: 1741: 368: 13602:""Whores" & "Sluts": why "good people" love these insults" 10259:

Patpicha Tanakasempipat, Jiraporn Kuhakan (29 November 2020).

9827:"Thai protesters defy police water cannons to deliver letters" 6742:"Opinion | 'We Are Grown-Up Now and Can Choose for Ourselves'" 5823:

TRaNS: Trans -Regional and -National Studies of Southeast Asia

5089:"เครือข่ายรามคำแหงฯ เข้าแจ้งความกลุ่มเสื้อเหลืองทำร้ายร่างกาย" 4865:"ผู้สนับสนุนเรียกร้อง ตร. ปล่อยตัว "เพนกวิน" พริษฐ์ ชิวารักษ์" 4709:"Banned Thai opposition party says junta helped 1MDB cover-up" 3645:, Nutchanon Pairoj, and a group of other students came to the 12903:"ดารา-คนบันเทิง แห่โพสต์สนับสนุนเสรีภาพ ต้านการคุกคามประชาชน" 12880:"คอมเมนต์สนั่น! ปรากฏการณ์โซเชียลมูฟเมนต์ จากไอดอลสาว BNK 48" 11428:(in Thai). Bangkok: เทนเซนต์ (ประเทศไทย). 19 September 2020. 10307:"Thailand PM survives removal threat at Constitutional Court" 8078:"Large Protests Hit Isaan, Major Rally Announced for Sep. 19" 7906:"Thailand protests: Risking it all to challenge the monarchy" 7731:"Harry Potter-themed protest openly criticises Thai monarchy" 7671:"Hamtaro Uncaged! Reinventing the wheel of political protest" 6614:"The king's money: Thailand divided over the $ 40bn question" 6415:"Court in Thailand orders popular opposition party dissolved" 4757:"Thai court rules protest speeches were bid to oust monarchy" 4683:"แฟลชม็อบนักเรียน-นักศึกษา ประกายไฟในกระทะ หรือ เพลิงลามทุ่ง" 4463: 3215: 2898:(SWU) used #มศว คนรุ่นเปลี่ยน (lit. SWU generation of change) 1885: 1751: 106:

Dispersal of protests at Patumwan Intersection on 16 October.

14496:"Thai court says calls for monarchy reform unconstitutional" 12797:"Maria Poonlertlarp: the price of having political opinions" 12280:"ตำรวจบุก "ฟ้าเดียวกัน" ตรวจยึดหนังสือวิจารณ์สถาบันกษัตริย์" 11600:"Demonstrators ask US to stop 'hybrid war' against Thailand" 10181:"Rival students blamed for shooting near protest rally site" 9497:"Thai protesters shun Parliament, ask Germany to probe king" 8828:"Protesters vow to stay 3 days at Govt House to oust Prayut" 8500: 8498: 8244:"Chaos as anti-government protesters remove police barriers" 7876:"Unprecedented open criticism of king aired at Thai protest" 5651:"Teenager shot at Din Daeng protest dies after 2-month coma" 4524:

For a comment on history of republicanism in Thailand, see:

4289:

After the arrest of many of Thai protest leaders, following

2533:), hold key ministerial positions in Second Prayut Cabinet. 1032:; the reform of the monarchy is another goal of the protest. 577:: including many unidentified groups who dressed in yellow. 14084:"Opinion: Student Protest Leaders Lack a Coherent Strategy" 12925:"Doctor sacked for opposing govt's dispersal of protesters" 12657:"Thai king's praise for defiant loyalist draws controversy" 11626:"Former singer leads royalists in rally outside US embassy" 10845:"Police disperse Thai protesters demanding monarchy reform" 10559:"Three Thais were arrested at Myanmar embassy coup protest" 10541:"Iconsiam 'sorry' for guard's assault on student protester" 10523:"Mall security guard slaps activist during symbolic action" 10336:"Thailand protesters take 'a break' with key demands unmet" 9924:"Thailand protesters drench police headquarters with paint" 9080: 6064:

Bangprapa, Mongkol; Sattaburuth, Aekarach (26 April 2019).

5720:

Paddock, Richard C.; Suhartono, Muktita (21 October 2020).

5616:

Tostevin, Matthew (15 October 2020). Birsel, Robert (ed.).

5504:"Prayut Refuses To Resign, Police Crack Down on Protesters" 5382:"โดนแล้ว! ตำรวจบุกรวบ 'เพนกวิน' หลังถูกแจ้งจับ ผิดมาตรา116" 5291:"จับแล้ว! 'ภาณุพงศ์ จาดนอก' กำลังถูกนำตัวไป สน.สำราญราษฎร์" 4954:"Youth Deserves a Better Thailand, Don't Deny Their Dreams" 3030: 2751: 2438:. Thirteen successful coups have occurred since the end of 2435: 282: 14471:"Thai Economic Recovery Shaken as Protests Pose New Risks" 13976:"Thailand protests: Police deploy water cannon in Bangkok" 12446:"Thai police accused of regular use of torture – UCA News" 11224:"Thais launch campaign for repeal of royal defamation law" 11133:"Thai police fire tear gas at protest over COVID response" 10281: 10235:"Thai protesters march to royal guard barracks in Bangkok" 10049: 9718: 9695:"Thailand Blocks Access to Porn Sites, Prompting Protests" 9438:"Protesters plan action after PM ignores deadline to quit" 8982:"Police clear protest as emergency decree bans gatherings" 8329:"Scenes From Thailand's Massive Protests Demanding Reform" 7794:"Student Protest at Thammasat the Largest Rally in Months" 7177:"ปชช.กังวลทหารอียิปต์-ครอบครัวซูดาน ทำ COVID-19 ระบาดใหม่" 5857: 5751:

Ratcliffe, Rebecca; Nilayodhin, Thanit (13 October 2020).

4199:, a right-wing physician formed the new right wing group " 3533: 3076:

Further demands of monarchy reform and subsequent protests

2951: 2864:, with all universities, colleges, and schools shut down. 2485:

Prayut's supporters make up a majority of parliament. The

13946:"ชูป้ายผิดชีวิตเปลี่ยน หวิดถูก'กลุ่มผู้ชุมนุม'ประชาทัณฑ์" 13693:"ม็อบ3นิ้วเหิมเกริมหนักล้อมขบวนเสด็จ-ยึดทำเนียบฯไล่นายกฯ" 13663:"Court To Rule Whether Protest Leaders Committed Treason" 13261:"สถาบันทิศทางไทย เปิดผังเครือข่ายปฏิวัติประชาชน(เพ้อฝัน)" 11536: 11087:

Wongcha-um, Panu; Thepgumpanat, Panarat (3 August 2021).

9750:"Thai protesters march to palace to demand royal reforms" 8742:"Anti-Gov't Protest Plans Complicated by Royal Itinerary" 8495: 8473:"Plaque installed by Thai protesters near palace removed" 6837:"Changes in Thailand's lèse majesté prosecutions in 2018" 4361: 3884:, arrests and changes, disinformation, the deployment of 3851:

Arrest of student leader Parit Chiwarak on 14 August 2020

3716:

On 7 August, the Free Youth group planned a march to the

3653: 3122:

Cease the King's power to give public political comments.

2489:, which was considered "partly free and not fair" and as 1969: 14388:"Anti-coup instructions spread as speculation runs riot" 13432:"'สุดารัตน์'ติงไม่ควรก้าวล่วงสถาบัน วอนยึด3ข้อเรียกร้อง" 11941:"ให้ทุกรร.สังกัดสพฐ.อนุญาตเด็กจัดชุมนุมแต่ห้ามคนนอกร่วม" 11010:"Police Use Tear Gas Against Anti-Government Protesters" 10713:"Thai Marchers Link Democracy Cause To Myanmar Protests" 10361:"Thailand latest: German ambassador tweets human rights" 9873: 3695:

Rallies occurred in more than 30 provinces on 1 August.

2667:

Vajiralongkorn resides most of the time in the state of

14028:"Majority agree with Free People group's demands: Poll" 13181:"Editorial: Prayut Has Lost All Legitimacy. He Must Go" 11263:[Rung cut her arm open with the message 112.]. 10284:"Thai PM found not guilty in conflict of interest case" 10052:"Thai protesters call on king to give up royal fortune" 9799:"Thai police use water cannon on protesters in Bangkok" 9664:"Outrage as Thailand bans Pornhub, other porn websites" 8892:"Turning point in Thailand: Queen's brush with protest" 6866:

Wright, George; Praithongyaem, Issariya (2 July 2020).

5910:"Thailand's King Seeks to Bring Back Absolute Monarchy" 5668:

Bengali, Shashank; Kirschbaum, Erik (16 October 2020).

5352:"Thai police arrest another leader of student protests" 3396:

Timeline of the 2020–2021 Thai protests (November 2020)

3026:

on 24 July saw one of the largest crowds amongst them.

13070:"Hong Kong students pledge loyalty to Thai protesters" 12416:"'อัศวิน'จัดรถขยะ-รถสุขา ให้ม็อบป้องสถาบันฯหน้ารัฐสภา" 11086: 6921:"Thailand under a State of emergency – Prime Minister" 4176:, attacked protesters, some going so far as to urging 3944:

blocked access in Thailand to the million-member main

3864:

Arrest of student leader Pai Daodin on 13 October 2020

3683:

Police pointing firearm at unarmed civilian 1 Aug 2021

2715:, gained online attention and sympathy. In July 2020, 485:

Vocational College Protection of Democracy of Thailand

12031:"High school student summoned for Ratchaburi protest" 10333: 9998:

Tostevin, Matthew; Mahira, Petra (23 November 2020).

9975:

Tostevin, Matthew; Mahira, Petra (21 November 2020).

9747: 6199:

Ruffles, Michael; Evans, Michael (8 September 2019).

5816: 4923:"The student daring to challenge Thailand's monarchy" 4413:, the first general election after 2020–2021 protests 3112:

Abolish the Royal Offices and unnecessary units e.g.

13568:

ASEAS – Austrian Journal of South-East Asian Studies

13463:

The Routledge Companion to Social Media and Politics

11971:"เปิดชื่อ 109 รร. คุกคาม นร. "ผูกโบว์ขาว-ชู 3 นิ้ว"" 11825:"จับตา! #ม็อบไม่มุ้งมิ้งแต่ตุ้งติ้ง ทวง 3 ข้อรัฐบาล" 11488:(in Thai). Bangkok: ประชาชาติธุรกิจ. 17 October 2020 11367:(in Thai). Bangkok: ฐานเศรษฐกิจ. 17 September 2020. 9743: 9741: 9462:

Prapart, Erich; Satrusayang, Cod (27 October 2020).

8855: 8853: 8388:"Thai activists challenge monarchy by laying plaque" 6777: 6775: 6328:

McCargo, Duncan (2019). "Anatomy: Future Backward".

6063: 5817:

Kongkirati, Prajak; Kanchoochat, Veerayooth (2018).

5412:"รวบ 'บารมี ชัยรัตน์' คดีชุมนุมเยาวชนปลดแอก 18 ก.ค." 5056:"คณะราษฎรเดินหน้าชุมนุมต่อวันที่ 4-สรุปบาดเจ็บ 7 คน" 4739:"คลิปจลาจลที่แยกบางนา ปาหินใส่ป้อมตร.-ไล่ตื้บคนป่วน" 4253:

calling for reform and the release of their friends.

4037:

counter-protester who raised a picture of late King

3591:

Police brutality on man dressed as medic 13 Feb 2021

589:

Thai Citizens who Love and Revere the Monarchy Group

264:

competitive authoritarianism and illiberal democracy

12493: 12491: 11361:"กัดไม่ปล่อย จ่อร้อง "สรรพากร" สอบท่อน้ำเลี้ยงม็อบ" 11036:"เยาวชนปลดแอกยุติชุมนุม นักข่าวถูกยิงด้วยกระสุนยาง" 10019: 10017: 9296:"Protesters pick 3 sites as mass transit shut down" 7693: 7523:"Chiang Mai, Ubon rally against Prayut, government" 7433:"Anti-government rallies spreading across Thailand" 7239:"ท่องเที่ยวระยองพังพินาศ แห่ถอนจองโรงแรมรีสอร์ท90%" 6865: 6535: 6533: 6502: 6500: 5750: 5744: 5715: 5713: 5711: 5691: 5689: 5687: 5207:"Thai protesters, police clash near PM's residence" 3979: 3307:On 15 October, the authorities declared a "severe" 3222:

Timeline of the 2020 Thai protests (September 2020)

14602: 9977:"Thai school students protest against 'dinosaurs'" 9461: 8883: 8186: 7953:"Thailand: Drop Charges, Release Student Activist" 7465:['Free Youth' released full declaration]. 7463:"'เยาวชนปลดแอก' เปิดแถลงการณ์ข้อเรียกร้องฉบับเต็ม" 6952:"National curfew announced. Takes effect tomorrow" 6648: 6612: 6541: 5781: 5000:"สภาวุ่น! ม็อบปิดทางออกรัฐสภา-บุกปีนรั้วเจ็บ 1 คน" 4475:Yellow is the colour associated with Thai royalty. 3702:gave a critical speech once again on the front of 2824:unique to their institutions. The firsts began at 347:Restriction of royal prerogative and abolition of 14115:"Crackdown on student protest is a wasted effort" 12536:"New generation of daring resistance in Thailand" 12255:"Police move to silence news, Facebook platforms" 12109:"Facebook blocks group critical of Thai monarchy" 11675:"รอง ผบช.น.รับออกหนังสือคำสั่งใช้รถตัดสัญญาณจริง" 9738: 9234: 8850: 8016:"Thai protesters stage fresh pro-democracy rally" 6772: 6685:"Thai king takes control of five palace agencies" 6606: 6604: 6602: 5667: 4829: 4827: 3272:Timeline of the 2020 Thai protests (October 2020) 2945:King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang 15153: 12488: 11570:"U.S. Embassy Denies Funding Anti-Govt Protests" 10014: 9491: 9489: 8418:"Protesters install 'new plaque' at Sanam Luang" 6569: 6540:Solomon, Feliz; Bender, Ruth (26 October 2020). 6530: 6497: 6284: 5719: 5708: 5684: 5661: 5567:"22 detained after night of violence in Bangkok" 5175: 5173: 5171: 4406:Protests over responses to the COVID-19 pandemic 4240: 3265: 3082:Timeline of the 2020 Thai protests (August 2020) 2580:(trade unionism); military reform (e.g., ending 471:Campaigning Group for Constitution of the People 12588: 11537:กองบรรณาธิการวอยซ์ออนไลน์ (16 September 2020). 10329: 10327: 10149: 10147: 8945: 8943: 8658:"Early rally site cleared, protesters arrested" 7761:"ม็อบนศ.ฮือต้าน"รัฐบาลลุงตู่"แน่น ม.ธรรมศาสตร์" 5618:"Explainer: What's behind Thailand's protests?" 4215:, they would have been jailed a long time ago. 3072:, and eventually gathered around 3,000 people. 2956: 426:Suppression and surveillance of key protesters. 354:Increasing civil, economic and political rights 13890:"Thai king in rare praise for pro-monarchists" 13496:The mobilization of conservative civil society 13317:"ตำรวจ บุกไทยซัมมิท กลางวงแถลงข่าวคณะก้าวหน้า" 12686:Miller, Jonathan; Olarn, Kocha; Regan, Helen. 11514:(in Thai). Bangkok: Kornews. 18 October 2020. 11277: 10416: 10414: 9997: 9974: 9033:"Prawit-led centre likely to handle situation" 8447:"Activists end rally after submitting demands" 7159:"Cabinet gives green light to B1.9tn stimulus" 6599: 6117:"Thailand's 2019 Vote: The General's Election" 4824: 4782:Regan, Helen; Olarn, Kocha (15 October 2020). 4622: 4430:accept more refugees against Thai nationalists 3389: 3106:Separate the King's personal and royal assets. 3103:, give amnesty to every persecuted individual. 2963:Timeline of the 2020 Thai protests (July 2020) 2572:; authoritarianism in Thai schools (including 991:were all detained awaiting trial in series of 15063: 14588: 13465:, New York, NY: Routledge, pp. 296–307, 13125:"เกาหลีใต้ จี้ รบ.เลิกส่งออกรถฉีดน้ำสลายม็อบ" 9796: 9790: 9486: 8187:Sattaburut, Aekarach; Chetchotiros, Nattaya. 6868:"The satirist who vanished in broad daylight" 6539: 5168: 4532:. Cornell University Press. pp. 97–118. 3832: 3604:Police chasing fleeing protesters 20 Mar 2021 2796: 2410: 2186:1999 attack on the Myanmar Embassy in Bangkok 12685: 12217: 11458:(in Thai). Bangkok: มติชน. 17 October 2020. 10324: 10144: 9797:Promchertchoo, Pichayada (8 November 2020). 9313: 9146: 9144: 8940: 8714:"Protesters gathering at Democracy Monument" 6980: 6198: 3794:in Thailand — the latter alone donated over 3109:Reduce the budget allocated to the monarchy. 3087:Summary of Demands on Reform of the Monarchy 14000: 13537:"Thailand Blocks Overseas Opposition Voice" 12795:Tun-atiruj, Choltanutkun (28 August 2020). 12076: 11853: 10411: 9581: 9118: 9116: 9114: 8506:"Protests continue to target Thai monarchy" 8269:"Thais hold huge protest demanding reforms" 7921: 7919: 7358: 7356: 6806: 5122:"Police vow to detain 3 protesters further" 4951: 4332:"Judicial Coup" by the Constitutional Court 2775:suicide of senior judge Khanakorn Pianchana 745:Narongpan Jitkaewthae (from 1 October 2020) 417:declared in Bangkok from 15–22 October 2020 15070: 15056: 14595: 14581: 12900: 12794: 11398:(in Thai). Bangkok: เทนเซนต์ (ประเทศไทย). 11389: 10736: 10734: 9821: 9819: 8736: 8734: 7980: 7978: 6475:"All you need to know about Thai protests" 6473:Kri-aksorn, Thammachart (19 August 2020). 6472: 5531: 5529: 5344: 5144: 5142: 5116: 5114: 5083: 5081: 4781: 3216:Formal submission of demands and responses 2726: 2711:, assumed to be related to accusations of 2417: 2403: 11390:Duangmanee, Komkrit (22 September 2020). 11111:International Federation for Human Rights 10232: 9582:Sattaburuth, Aekarach (28 October 2020). 9141: 8949: 7927:"สำรวจแนวการชุมนุมประชาชนหนุน-ต้านรัฐบาล" 7392: 5992: 5834: 5695: 5498: 5496: 3913:Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Thai Army 3886:military Information and Operations units 3400:On 26 October, protesters marched to the 2910:; the word was derived from Thai dessert 246:Democratic and economic regression since 13835:"Throwing paint is not peaceful protest" 13460: 11854:Kurlantzick, Joshua (25 November 2020). 11206:"Police try to break up Din Daeng vigil" 10661:"เปิด 11 รายชื่อ ถูกรวบคาม็อบ #13กุมภาฯ" 10073:Strangio, Sebastian (25 November 2020). 10072: 9692: 9525: 9111: 8950:Vegpongsa, Tassannee (14 October 2020). 8681: 8360: 7916: 7812: 7723: 7353: 7156: 7130: 6949: 6781: 6443: 5949: 5645: 5643: 5641: 5639: 5615: 4300: 4244: 4053: 3657: 3326: 3275: 3233: 3135:Forbid the King to endorse future coups. 3056:On 26 July, an event called "Let's run, 2966: 2800: 1020: 1008: 967:By the end of 2021, the leading figures 14398:from the original on 16 September 2020. 14355: 14244: 13763:from the original on 13 September 2020. 13660: 13178: 12956:(in English and Thai). 18 August 2020. 12913:from the original on 21 September 2020. 12890:from the original on 13 September 2020. 12868:from the original on 13 September 2020. 12533: 12391:"Parliament readies for crisis session" 12041:from the original on 16 September 2020. 11795:"ผบ.ทบ. ลั่นโอกาสรัฐประหาร "เป็นศูนย์"" 11567: 10731: 10233:Ratcliffe, Rebecca (29 November 2020). 9829:. The Associated Press. 8 November 2020 9816: 9693:Strangio, Sebastian (4 November 2020). 9526:Strangio, Sebastian (26 October 2020). 9240: 9086: 8770: 8731: 8534: 8441: 8439: 8363:"Reforms need broadening of the agenda" 8075: 7975: 7073: 6739: 6327: 6236: 5696:Ratcliffe, Rebecca (10 November 2021). 5526: 5319: 5229: 5227: 5139: 5111: 5078: 4677: 4675: 4673: 4671: 4344:described the ruling as "essentially a 3955:Ministry of Digital Economy and Society 3534:Third wave (February 2021 – April 2021) 3495:banner drew criticism for its links to 3154:another Free Youth leader on 8 August. 2952:Second wave (July 2020 – December 2020) 2773:Other related developments include the 1784:Subdistrict Administrative Organisation 15154: 14420:from the original on 22 September 2020 14368:from the original on 12 September 2020 14307:"The anatomy of waning youth protests" 14138: 14051: 13815:from the original on 13 September 2020 13785:from the original on 13 September 2020 13673:from the original on 21 September 2020 13661:English, Khaosod (17 September 2020). 13612:from the original on 11 September 2020 13559: 13547:from the original on 13 September 2020 13529: 13486: 13412:from the original on 13 September 2020 13297:from the original on 19 September 2020 12960:from the original on 20 September 2020 12838:from the original on 13 September 2020 12807:from the original on 13 September 2020 12784:from the original on 9 September 2020. 12366:"You can observe rallies, envoys told" 12149:from the original on 19 September 2020 12089:from the original on 16 September 2020 12077:Rojanaphruk, Pravit (30 August 2020). 12011:from the original on 23 September 2020 11981:from the original on 30 September 2020 11951:from the original on 13 September 2020 11891:from the original on 14 September 2020 11580:from the original on 21 September 2020 10636:"Police and protesters face off again" 8547:from the original on 22 September 2020 8535:English, Khaosod (22 September 2020). 8483:from the original on 21 September 2020 8398:from the original on 20 September 2020 8356: 8354: 8339:from the original on 22 September 2020 8309:from the original on 22 September 2020 8279:from the original on 19 September 2020 8224:from the original on 13 September 2020 8168:from the original on 16 September 2020 8088:from the original on 18 September 2020 8044: 7856:from the original on 16 September 2020 7788: 7786: 7681:from the original on 18 September 2020 7591:from the original on 13 September 2020 7455: 6981:Macan-Markar, Marwaan (29 June 2020). 6918: 6379: 6377: 6375: 6155:from the original on 15 September 2020 6015:from the original on 13 September 2020 5945: 5943: 5941: 5939: 5937: 5935: 5493: 5451:from the original on 26 September 2020 5392:from the original on 13 September 2020 4952:Rojanaphruk, Pravit (9 October 2021). 4933:from the original on 26 September 2020 4845:from the original on 13 September 2020 4719:from the original on 13 September 2020 4509: 4419:support abortion right and woman right 4020: 3654:Fourth wave (May 2021 – November 2021) 3166:, and the monarchy reform speeches by 2536:During the 2019 general election, the 2180:Israeli Bangkok Embassy hostage crisis 1766:Provincial Administrative Organisation 913:. Three demands were presented to the 15077: 15051: 14576: 14438: 14356:Ruffles, Michael (9 September 2020). 12594: 12363: 11663:from the original on 18 October 2020. 9405: 9284:from the original on 18 October 2020. 8682:Ashworth, Caitlin (14 October 2020). 7846:"The ten demands that shook Thailand" 7393:Ratcliffe, Rebecca (24 August 2020). 7042: 7011: 6468: 6466: 6280: 6278: 6276: 6232: 6230: 6228: 6226: 6114: 5952:Asian Journal of Comparative Politics 5680:from the original on 20 October 2020. 5636: 4365:royalists, by the independent court. 4098:Convention on the Rights of the Child 3900:, support for pro-government groups, 3262:republican sentiment in the country. 3119:Open assets of the monarchy to audit. 2588:(e.g., alcohol), and women's rights. 956:ruled that demands for reform of the 15212:Riots and civil disorder in Thailand 15119:National Council for Peace and Order 14451:from the original on 3 November 2020 14287:from the original on 22 October 2020 14257:from the original on 22 October 2020 14245:English, Khaosod (20 October 2020). 14226:from the original on 24 October 2020 14191:"PM must embrace youthful ingenuity" 14166:"Loss of protest leaders 'critical'" 14141:"An unexpectedly successful protest" 14001:Rojanaphruk, Pravit (19 July 2021). 13956:from the original on 23 October 2020 13926:from the original on 26 October 2020 13870:from the original on 17 October 2020 13733:from the original on 17 October 2020 13703:from the original on 8 November 2020 13642:from the original on 26 October 2020 13517:from the original on 22 January 2019 13356:from the original on 13 October 2020 13327:from the original on 18 October 2020 13191:from the original on 19 October 2020 13179:English, Khaosod (16 October 2020). 13135:from the original on 26 October 2020 13105:from the original on 1 November 2020 13050:from the original on 16 October 2020 13020:from the original on 17 October 2020 12990:from the original on 30 October 2020 12728:from the original on 31 October 2020 12698:from the original on 2 November 2020 12637:from the original on 27 October 2020 12607:from the original on 17 October 2020 12534:Crispin, Shawn W. (18 August 2020). 12426:from the original on 26 October 2020 12320:from the original on 21 October 2020 12290:from the original on 23 October 2020 12235:from the original on 8 November 2020 12205:from the original on 8 November 2020 12167: 11805:from the original on 8 November 2020 11745:from the original on 12 October 2020 11654: 11636:from the original on 2 November 2020 11549:from the original on 18 October 2020 11518:from the original on 18 October 2020 11462:from the original on 23 October 2020 11432:from the original on 18 October 2020 11402:from the original on 18 October 2020 11371:from the original on 18 October 2020 11341:from the original on 24 October 2020 10985:"Nine protest groups facing charges" 10304: 9896: 9674:from the original on 4 November 2020 9639:"Protesters march to German embassy" 9619:from the original on 26 October 2020 9538:from the original on 27 October 2020 9507:from the original on 27 October 2020 9474:from the original on 30 October 2020 9418:from the original on 22 October 2020 9381:"State of emergency ends in Bangkok" 9361:from the original on 26 October 2020 9331:from the original on 24 October 2020 9271: 9253:from the original on 21 October 2020 9222:from the original on 16 October 2020 9192:from the original on 16 October 2020 9162:from the original on 15 October 2020 9099:from the original on 17 October 2020 9087:English, Khaosod (15 October 2020). 9068:from the original on 17 October 2020 8928:from the original on 15 October 2020 8898:from the original on 23 October 2020 8871:from the original on 18 October 2020 8838:from the original on 29 October 2020 8795: 8783:from the original on 17 October 2020 8771:English, Khaosod (14 October 2020). 8752:from the original on 17 October 2020 8694:from the original on 15 October 2020 8675: 8608:from the original on 11 October 2020 8577:from the original on 29 October 2020 8436: 8045:Record, The Isaan (21 August 2020). 7503:from the original on 8 November 2020 7374:from the original on 8 November 2020 7157:Theparat, Chatrudee (7 April 2020). 7112:from the original on 1 November 2020 7086:from the original on 23 October 2020 7074:Parpart, Erich (29 September 2020). 6993:from the original on 20 October 2020 6931:from the original on 17 October 2020 6847:from the original on 2 November 2020 6794:from the original on 25 October 2020 6782:Saudelli, Giulia (16 October 2020). 6713: 6661:from the original on 26 October 2020 6646: 6625:from the original on 24 October 2020 6610: 6587:from the original on 14 January 2017 6554:from the original on 26 October 2020 6446:"Subs plan could sink govt fortunes" 6444:Wangkiat, Paritta (24 August 2020). 6395:from the original on 14 October 2020 6115:Ricks, Jacob I. (1 September 2019). 5920:from the original on 23 October 2020 5788:. Singapore: Yusof Ishak Institute. 5763:from the original on 23 October 2020 5732:from the original on 21 October 2020 5624:from the original on 20 October 2020 5547:from the original on 18 October 2020 5514:from the original on 17 October 2020 5481:from the original on 29 October 2020 5224: 5179: 5099:from the original on 26 October 2020 5066:from the original on 20 October 2020 5036:from the original on 17 October 2020 5010:from the original on 17 October 2020 4875:from the original on 8 November 2020 4790:from the original on 16 October 2020 4668: 4562:from the original on 8 November 2020 4525: 4439: 3736:On 10 August, UFTD 'Car Mob' led by 3182:was arrested, leading to calls from 2664:revolution of 1932 were demolished. 2563: 2460:National Council for Peace and Order 339:Abolition of the military-appointed 14561:(lit. Love from mothers: pure love) 14183: 14094:from the original on 29 August 2020 14064:from the original on 26 August 2020 13442:from the original on 11 August 2020 12788: 12576:from the original on 19 August 2020 12546:from the original on 19 August 2020 12119:from the original on 25 August 2020 11715:from the original on 22 August 2020 11685:from the original on 24 August 2020 11568:English, Khaosod (31 August 2020). 11303: 11240: 11149: 9897:Yuda, Masayuki (18 November 2020). 8638:from the original on 6 October 2020 8516:from the original on 7 October 2020 8351: 8206: 8150: 8076:English, Khaosod (21 August 2020). 8057:from the original on 9 October 2020 8026:from the original on 16 August 2020 7996:from the original on 17 August 2020 7963:from the original on 16 August 2020 7886:from the original on 19 August 2020 7838: 7783: 7771:from the original on 16 August 2020 7711:from the original on 20 August 2020 6908:from the original on 6 August 2020. 6878:from the original on 26 August 2020 6760:from the original on 18 August 2020 6714:Head, Jonathan (27 November 2020). 6518:from the original on 10 August 2020 6485:from the original on 20 August 2020 6372: 6211:from the original on 11 August 2020 5932: 5421:from the original on 20 August 2020 5362:from the original on 14 August 2020 5332:from the original on 31 August 2020 5320:English, Khaosod (10 August 2020). 5271:from the original on 21 August 2020 5180:Yuda, Masayuki (18 November 2020). 4648: 3991:—A constitutional court judge, 2021 3962:Bangkok Metropolitan Administration 3828:Reactions to the 2020 Thai protests 3316:, raising alarm from an opposition 2519:National Anti-Corruption Commission 1583:Recent elections & referendums 645:Bangkok Metropolitan Administration 13: 10395:. 10 December 2020. Archived from 10305:Yuda, Masayuki (2 December 2020). 9272:Yuda, Masayuki (18 October 2020). 9241:Neumann, Scott (16 October 2020). 7800:. Associated Press. 11 August 2020 7741:from the original on 7 August 2020 7131:Paweewun, Oranan (16 April 2020). 6962:from the original on 23 April 2020 6950:Pulitzer, Greeley (2 April 2020). 6695:from the original on 7 August 2020 6640: 6463: 6273: 6223: 5313: 5301:from the original on 8 August 2020 4589:Ratchaprasong was the site of the 4323: 4172:, which has been characterized as 3053:in addition to the three demands. 1499:26th Thai House of Representatives 946:military information warfare units 482:Labour Network for People's Rights 262:and the current political system, 223:, including some overseas protests 14: 15243: 14510: 14439:Beech, Hannah (2 November 2020). 14112: 13155:"Prayut lifts state of emergency" 12825: 12663:. 24 October 2020. Archived from 12595:Beech, Hannah (16 October 2020). 12523:. Bangkok Post. 10 November 2021. 11921:from the original on 26 July 2020 11835:from the original on 26 July 2020 11775:from the original on 25 July 2020 9124:"Water cannon used on protesters" 8189:"Govt pleads for charter support" 7651:from the original on 25 July 2020 7621:from the original on 26 July 2020 7561:from the original on 24 July 2020 7473:from the original on 24 July 2020 7443:from the original on 24 July 2020 7279:from the original on 24 July 2020 7249:from the original on 24 July 2020 7219:from the original on 24 July 2020 7189:from the original on 24 July 2020 7045:"How Thailand Contained COVID-19" 7024:from the original on 10 June 2020 6740:McCargo, Duncan (29 March 2019). 6041:. 26 October 2020. Archived from 4898:"Arrests heighten rally concerns" 4058:Protesters in Bangkok holding an 2476:new military-drafted constitution 252:Dissolution of the pro-democracy 15202:Political repression in Thailand 15031: 15018: 14488: 14463: 14432: 14402: 14380: 14349: 14324: 14299: 14269: 14238: 14208: 14158: 14132: 14106: 14076: 14045: 14020: 13994: 13968: 13938: 13908: 13882: 13852: 13827: 13797: 13767: 13745: 13715: 13685: 13654: 13624: 13594: 13454: 13424: 13394: 13368: 13339: 13309: 13279: 13253: 13228: 13203: 13172: 13147: 13117: 13087: 13062: 13032: 13002: 12972: 12942: 12917: 12894: 12872: 12850: 12819: 12766: 12740: 12710: 12679: 12649: 12619: 12558: 12527: 12509: 12463: 12438: 12408: 12383: 12357: 12332: 12302: 12272: 12247: 12187: 12161: 12131: 12101: 12070: 12045: 12023: 11993: 11963: 11933: 11903: 11873: 11847: 11817: 11787: 11757: 11727: 11697: 11667: 11648: 11618: 11592: 11561: 11530: 11500: 11474: 11444: 11414: 11383: 11353: 11337:(in Thai). BBC. 28 August 2020. 11323: 11297: 11271: 11253: 11241:Tan, Tam Mei (31 October 2021). 11234: 11216: 11198: 11180: 11162: 11143: 11125: 11099: 11080: 11054: 11028: 11002: 10977: 10957: 10939: 10913: 10888: 10862: 10837: 10820:"Court justifies charter ruling" 10812: 10786: 10760: 10705: 10679: 10653: 10628: 10602: 10576: 10551: 10533: 10515: 10490: 10465: 10439: 10379: 10353: 10298: 10275: 10252: 10226: 10198: 10173: 10118: 10092: 10066: 10043: 9991: 9968: 9942: 9916: 9890: 9867: 9841: 9764: 9712: 9686: 9656: 9631: 9601: 9575: 9550: 9519: 9455: 9430: 9406:Regan, Helen (22 October 2020). 9399: 9373: 9343: 9288: 9265: 9204: 9174: 9050: 9025: 9000: 8974: 8910: 8820: 8764: 8706: 8650: 8620: 8595: 8589: 8559: 8528: 8465: 8410: 8380: 8321: 8291: 8261: 8236: 8180: 8125: 8100: 8069: 8038: 8008: 7945: 7898: 7868: 7753: 7663: 7633: 7603: 7573: 7543: 7515: 7485: 7425: 7341:from the original on 4 July 2020 7311:from the original on 5 June 2020 7055:from the original on 9 June 2020 7012:Abuza, Zachary (21 April 2020). 6647:Reed, John (17 September 2020). 4596: 4583: 4385:Education for Liberation of Siam 4096:issued a statement invoking the 3980:The Constitutional Court verdict 3858: 3845: 3677: 3598: 3585: 3443: 3367: 3068:in Bangkok, but later spread on 2429: 2377: 1516: 1433: 1386: 1337: 1213: 1114: 1061: 1048: 762: 749: 739: 726: 715: 704: 639: 629: 618: 563: 545: 526: 515: 503: 71: 64: 53: 46: 35: 15013:History of Thailand (1973–2001) 9584:"Reconciliation panel on cards" 7386: 7323: 7291: 7261: 7231: 7201: 7169: 7150: 7124: 7098: 7067: 7036: 7005: 6974: 6943: 6912: 6890: 6859: 6829: 6733: 6707: 6677: 6437: 6407: 6321: 6192: 6167: 6108: 6083: 6066:"EC to push ahead with formula" 6057: 6027: 5986: 5902: 5851: 5810: 5775: 5609: 5584: 5559: 5463: 5433: 5404: 5374: 5283: 5253: 5199: 5048: 5022: 4992: 4964: 4945: 4915: 4857: 4802: 4775: 4574: 4518: 4515:Compiled from multiple sources: 4506:Compiled from multiple sources: 4500: 4491: 4478: 4318:People's Alliance for Democracy 4291:their counterparts in Hong Kong 4180:. In mid-September, Thailand's 4170:Rubbish Collection Organization 4013:Toprayoon on 3 September 2020. 3853:(3:09, in Thai), YouTube video. 3351:with chemical-filled water and 3298:Rubbish Collection Organization 3064:. Having begun in a protest at 2228:Cambodian rebellion (1811–1812) 1531:President: Anocha Chevitsophon 596:Rubbish Collection Organization 333:and fresh legislative elections 14604:History of Thailand since 2001 13866:(in Thai). 25 September 2020. 11278:Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. 11150:Tan, Tam Mei (7 August 2021). 10498:"'Kidnapped' Free Guard found" 9321:"PM offers end to 'emergency'" 8108:"Anti-govt rally in Khon Kaen" 6919:Burton, Jack (24 March 2020). 6611:Reed, John (13 October 2020). 5993:Montesano, Michael J. (2019). 4749: 4731: 4701: 4642: 4623:Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. 4616: 4591:military crackdown in May 2010 4469: 4456: 4446: 4145:protests to former FFP leader 3704:Bangkok Art and Culture Centre 3612:On 1 February, in response to 3280:The 15 October protest at the 2606:2016 constitutional referendum 2133:March 1977 coup d'état attempt 1555:President: Nakarin Mektrairat 1543:President: Vorapot Visrutpich 1161:Head of the Royal Armed Forces 950:non-governmental organizations 323:Resignation of Prime Minister 1: 15197:Thai monarchy reform movement 15001:Cambodian–Thai border dispute 14625:60th anniversary celebrations 12901:Prachachat (14 August 2020). 12780:(in Thai). 8 September 2020. 7370:(in Thai). 26 February 2020. 7043:Bello, Walden (3 June 2020). 6841:Thai Lawyers for Human Rights 4812:. Al Jazeera. 2 November 2020 4609: 4486:Action Coalition for Thailand 4423:Abortion in the United States 4241:Protestor tactics and demands 4147:Thanathorn Juangroongruangkit 4139: 3924:Thammasat University Massacre 3554:from Thammasat group went to 3266:Strengthened emergency powers 2975:during the protest on 25 July 2846:Prince of Songkhla University 2733:COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand 2312:Cambodian–Thai border dispute 1186:Bureau of the Royal Household 1004: 846:4 (1 policeman, 3 protesters) 459:Free People (from Free Youth) 445:Protesters and organisations: 275:Political corruption scandals 15232:Student protests in Thailand 15217:Police brutality in Thailand 14052:Regan, Helen; Olarn, Kocha. 13952:(in Thai). 23 October 2020. 13922:(in Thai). 23 October 2020. 13352:(in Thai). 12 October 2020. 13101:(in Thai). 16 October 2020. 12633:(in Thai). 24 October 2020. 12316:(in Thai). 19 October 2020. 12286:(in Thai). 19 October 2020. 12201:(in Thai). 15 October 2020. 9357:(in Thai). 21 October 2020. 9064:(in Thai). 15 October 2020. 7108:. Reuters. 28 October 2020. 5543:(in Thai). 16 October 2020. 5095:(in Thai). 21 October 2020. 4602:See its characterisation in: 4466:" by pro-government sources. 4401:2019–2020 Hong Kong protests 4380:Death of Wichian Klanprasert 4249:Protesters on 15 October at 3821: 3781: 3164:Panusaya Sithijirawattanakul 2957:Protests under Three Demands 2740:public health infrastructure 2521:as well as officials at the 2511:Constitutional organizations 2499:competitive authoritarianism 1472:Paradorn Prissanananthakul ( 985:Panusaya Sithijirawattanakul 688:Panusaya Sithijirawattanakul 336:Drafting a new constitution 7: 13438:(in Thai). 11 August 2020. 13402:"หยุดจาบจ้วงพระมหากษัตริย์" 13382:(in Thai). 25 November 2020 11947:(in Thai). 18 August 2020. 11711:(in Thai). 22 August 2020. 11681:(in Thai). 24 August 2020. 11267:(in Thai). 31 October 2021. 10693:(in Thai). 14 February 2021 10667:(in Thai). 13 February 2021 8133:"Students submit manifesto" 6330:Contemporary Southeast Asia 6091:"EC seat move is hijacking" 5860:Contemporary Southeast Asia 4689:(in Thai). 28 February 2020 4368: 4235: 3390:Further anti-royal protests 3003: 2896:Srinakharinwirot University 2867: 2842:Srinakharinwirot University 2807:Srinakharinwirot University 2748:International Monetary Fund 2744:1997 Asian financial crisis 2655: 2635: 2454:instigated the most recent 1826:Ministry of Foreign Affairs 1579:Elections & referendums 592:Vocational Help the Nation 462:Democracy Restoration Group 111:Srinakharinwirot University 10: 15248: 8988:. Reuters. 15 October 2020 6514:. Reuters. 4 August 2020. 5156:(in Thai). 8 November 2020 4396:2021–2022 Myanmar protests 4149:and former prime minister 4049: 3833:State response and arrests 3825: 3393: 3269: 3256:1973 Thai popular uprising 3252:Metropolitan Police Bureau 3219: 3127:propaganda around the King 3079: 3024:Nakhon Ratchasima Province 2971:Seri Thoey group flew the 2960: 2797:First wave (February 2020) 2730: 2679:The implementation of the 2491:electoral authoritarianism 2487:2019 Thai general election 2444:Siamese revolution of 1932 2233:Ai Sa Kiad Ngong rebellion 2062:Rebellion of the Sergeants 2016:2013–2014 political crisis 1996:2005–2006 political crisis 1278:Pirapan Salirathavibhaga ( 172:10 February 2021 138:23 February 2020 15222:Contemporary Thai history 15132: 15106: 15085: 15009: 14996:South Thailand insurgency 14988: 14936: 14901: 14848: 14810: 14762: 14645: 14610: 14362:The Sydney Morning Herald 13267:(in Thai). 10 August 2020 13236:"Cool heads must prevail" 12886:(in Thai). 19 July 2020. 11917:(in Thai). 24 July 2020. 11831:(in Thai). 25 July 2020. 11771:(in Thai). 24 July 2020. 7647:(in Thai). 25 July 2020. 7617:(in Thai). 24 July 2020. 7587:(in Thai). 22 July 2020. 7557:(in Thai). 23 July 2020. 7469:(in Thai). 18 July 2020. 7275:(in Thai). 15 July 2020. 7245:(in Thai). 14 July 2020. 7215:(in Thai). 15 July 2020. 7185:(in Thai). 19 July 2020. 7133:"IMF: Thai GDP down 6.7%" 6205:The Sydney Morning Herald 4538:10.7591/9781501725937-007 4119:Clément Nyaletsossi Voule 3996:On 10 November 2021, the 3857: 3844: 3839: 3740:protest which started at 3676: 3671: 3597: 3584: 3579: 3512:military massacre in 1973 3442: 3437: 3402:German Embassy in Bangkok 3366: 3361: 3094:immunity against lawsuits 3016:Ubon Ratchathani Province 2992: 2704: 2644: 2624: 2480:military-guided democracy 2239:Lao rebellion (1826–1828) 1300:64th Council of Ministers 1261:Suriya Juangroongruangkit 919:dissolution of parliament 866: 858: 850: 842: 837: 785: 780: 758:(until 30 September 2020) 735:(until 30 September 2020) 662: 657: 465:Student Union of Thailand 450:no centralised leadership 437: 432: 406: 360: 317: 228: 215: 128: 28: 23: 15187:Lèse majesté in Thailand 13471:10.4324/9781315716299-22 12826:S, Achi (20 July 2020). 12722:South China Morning Post 12340:"Media groups warn govt" 12053:"The politics of decree" 10874:South China Morning Post 9668:South China Morning Post 8510:South China Morning Post 8361:Pongsudhirak, Thitinan. 5964:10.1177/2057891119892321 4375:Human rights in Thailand 4352:rule and replacing with 4226: 4184:accepted a complaint of 3614:2021 Myanmar coup d'état 3180:Parit "Penguin" Chiwarak 2882:Chulalongkorn University 2830:Chulalongkorn University 2550:House of Representatives 2289:Foreign relations crisis 2148:1985 coup d'état attempt 2138:October 1977 coup d'état 1780:Subdistrict Municipality 1715:Administrative divisions 1482:Leader of the Opposition 1427:House of Representatives 1290:Prasert Chanruangthong ( 993:detainments and releases 981:Jatupat Boonpattararaksa 683:Jatupat Boonpattararaksa 603:Loyal Thai (Thai Pakdee) 474:National Labour Assembly 15162:2020–2021 Thai protests 15124:Palang Pracharath Party 12754:(in Thai). 23 July 2020 12364:Raksaseri, Kornchanok. 11042:(in Thai). 18 July 2021 7049:Foreign Policy In Focus 6548:The Wall Street Journal 4462:Also characterised as " 4350:constitutional monarchy 4336:On 10 August 2021, the 3812:U.S. embassy in Bangkok 3558:shopping mall owned by 3345:Pathum Wan Intersection 3066:Triam Udom Suksa School 3060:" was organised at the 2889:Triam Udom Suksa School 2850:Triam Udom Suksa School 2834:Ramkhamhaeng University 2727:Concurrent developments 2554:motion of no confidence 2143:1981 military rebellion 2084:Army General Staff plot 2011:2010 political protests 1986:6 October 1976 massacre 1865:(Maritime : India 1495:13th Senate of Thailand 575:Pro-government citizens 300:and government response 24:2020–2021 Thai protests 14747:Paetongtarn Shinawatra 14559:รักจากแม่ รักบริสุทธิ์ 14139:Cunningham, Philip J. 9558:"Charter change boost" 6175:"Senate must give way" 4254: 4062: 3988: 3866:(0:39), Youtube video. 3666: 3482:11th Infantry Regiment 3471:Lat Phrao Intersection 3340: 3285: 3239: 3138: 3020:Maha Sarakham Province 2976: 2816: 2495:Palang Pracharat Party 2222:Taksin's reunification 2046:April 1933 coup d'état 1952:After reunited in 1767 1831:Diplomatic missions of 1466:Pichet Chuamuangphan ( 1450:Wan Muhamad Noor Matha 1353:Wan Muhamad Noor Matha 1246:Deputy Prime Ministers 1234:Paetongtarn Shinawatra 1191:Royal Security Command 1033: 1018: 915:Government of Thailand 151:18 July 2020 15192:Constitutional crises 15114:2014 Thai coup d'état 14416:. 21 September 2020. 14394:. 10 September 2020. 14113:Atiya, Achakulwisut. 13759:. 11 September 2020. 13608:. 11 September 2020. 13211:"Listen to the young" 12037:. 10 September 2020. 8479:. 21 September 2020. 8394:. 20 September 2020. 8275:. 19 September 2020. 6299:10.1353/asp.2019.0050 6251:10.1353/jod.2019.0056 4929:. 17 September 2020. 4301:Possibility of a coup 4295:Thitinan Pongsudhirak 4262:columnist wrote that 4248: 4195:On 28 November 2020, 4106:Amnesty International 4057: 3984: 3974:detained before trial 3661: 3625:1st Infantry Regiment 3338: 3279: 3237: 3159:Pathum Thani Province 3089: 2981:2014 Thai coup d'état 2970: 2804: 2731:Further information: 2709:Wanchalearm Satsaksit 2656:to laeo lueak eng dai 2610:Crown Property Bureau 2576:); education reform; 2307:2003 Phnom Penh riots 2207:2019 Bangkok bombings 2197:2012 Bangkok bombings 2068:Songsuradet Rebellion 2051:June 1933 coup d'état 2036:Palace Revolt of 1912 2006:2009 political unrest 2001:2008 political crisis 1981:1973 popular uprising 1976:1970s peasant revolts 1284:Pichai Chunhavajira ( 1196:Crown Property Bureau 1024: 1012: 771:(from 1 October 2020) 410:Protesters dispersed 308:Dissatisfaction with 270:Wanchalearm Satsaksit 260:2019 general election 248:2014 Thai coup d'état 93:in Bangkok on 18 July 15207:Protests in Thailand 14817:Anti-Thaksin groups 14567:(lit. National flag) 13574:(2): 215–234. 2016. 13541:www.asiasentinel.com 12168:Ngamkham, Wassayos. 10211:Agence France-Presse 8958:. AP. Archived from 8760:– via Reuters. 8162:www.thaipbsworld.com 7852:. 2 September 2020. 7337:. 27 February 2020. 6425:on 13 September 2020 6239:Journal of Democracy 4715:. 23 February 2020. 4338:Constitutional Court 4197:Warong Dechgitvigrom 4182:Constitutional Court 3998:Constitutional Court 3818:" against Thailand. 3550:On 19 January 2021, 3459:Siam Commercial Bank 3318:member of parliament 3290:Ratchadamnoen Avenue 3206:Thammasat University 2927:Khon Kaen University 2920:Kasetsart University 2838:Kasetsart University 2826:Thammasat University 2721:political psychiatry 2507:Constitutional Court 2280:Communist insurgency 2274:Separatist Rebellion 2268:Dusun Nyor Rebellion 2256:Holy Man's Rebellion 2202:2015 Bangkok bombing 1720:Ministry of Interior 1549:Constitutional Court 1537:Administrative Court 1318:Independent agencies 1253:Phumtham Wechayachai 1153:Dipangkorn Rasmijoti 1041:Politics of Thailand 954:Constitutional Court 892:Future Forward Party 635:Constitutional Court 488:'Bad Students' Group 478:Assembly of the Poor 254:Future Forward Party 201:– December 2021 159:– December 2020 15140:Naraporn Chan-o-cha 15025:Thailand portal 14706:Yingluck Shinawatra 14502:. 10 November 2021. 14283:. 21 October 2020. 13699:. 15 October 2020. 13291:Nikkei Asian Review 13046:. 15 October 2020. 12724:. 31 October 2020. 12505:. 10 November 2021. 12143:Nikkei Asian Review 11741:. 12 October 2020. 11655:Chotanan, Patawee. 10970:The Washington Post 10399:on 11 December 2020 9803:ChannelNewsAsia.com 9670:. 3 November 2020. 9503:. 27 October 2020. 9501:ChannelNewsAsia.com 9327:. 22 October 2020. 9278:Nikkei Asian Review 9218:. 16 October 2020. 9158:. 15 October 2020. 8867:. 15 October 2020. 8748:. 14 October 2020. 8453:. 20 September 2020 8424:. 20 September 2020 7990:Nikkei Asian Review 7555:The Bangkok Insight 7307:. 20 January 2020. 6843:. 15 January 2019. 6583:. 13 January 2017. 6391:. 14 October 2020. 5916:. 14 October 2020. 5510:. 16 October 2020. 5062:. 17 October 2020. 4021:The King's position 3917:Anutin Charnvirakul 3882:arbitrary detention 3746:Anutin Charnvirakul 3012:Chiang Mai Province 2552:about to debate on 2515:Election Commission 2472:disputed referendum 2384:Thailand portal 2301:Blue Diamond Affair 2096:Manhattan Rebellion 2056:Boworadet rebellion 1964:Front Palace Crisis 1697:Election Commission 1270:Anutin Charnvirakul 491:Progressive Reds 63 456:Khana Ratsadon 2563 401:initiative campaign 329:Dissolution of the 304:LGBT discrimination 296:Economic impact of 292:human rights abuses 84:Clockwise from top: 15227:History of Bangkok 15038:History portal 14655:Thaksin Shinawatra 14620:Bhumibol Adulyadej 14445:The New York Times 14090:. 13 August 2020. 12986:. 18 August 2020. 12864:. 13 August 2020. 12667:on 24 October 2020 12601:The New York Times 12115:. 25 August 2020. 11545:. Bangkok: Voice. 10616:. 11 February 2021 10590:. 12 February 2021 10547:. 20 January 2021. 10529:. 21 January 2021. 10367:. 10 December 2020 10214:. 28 November 2020 10132:. 25 November 2020 10106:. 26 November 2020 10031:. 25 November 2020 9956:. 21 November 2020 9930:. 19 November 2020 9855:. 15 November 2020 8962:on 21 October 2020 8022:. 16 August 2020. 7959:. 15 August 2020. 7957:Human Rights Watch 7882:. 10 August 2020. 7767:. 10 August 2020. 7707:. 11 August 2020. 6818:1 May 2019 at the 6746:The New York Times 6689:The Business Times 6133:10.5509/2019923443 6045:on 26 October 2020 5836:10.1017/trn.2018.4 5726:The New York Times 5447:. 21 August 2020. 5358:. 14 August 2020. 4763:. 10 November 2021 4745:. 18 October 2020. 4411:2023 Thai Election 4342:Human Rights Watch 4314:Sondhi Limthongkul 4255: 4166:Sudarat Keyuraphan 4151:Thaksin Shinawatra 4110:Human Rights Watch 4083:Sompong Amornwiwat 4075:Apirat Kongsompong 4067:Move Forward Party 4065:In August 2020, a 4063: 4039:Bhumibol Adulyadej 3909:Apirat Kongsompong 3804:Human Rights Watch 3798:3,600,000 (around 3788:Intira Charoenpura 3752:by Prime Minister 3722:Democracy Monument 3667: 3341: 3309:state of emergency 3286: 3240: 3191:Democracy Monument 3184:Human Rights Watch 3092:Revoke the King's 3062:Democracy Monument 3047:Free Thai Movement 3004:yaowachon plot aek 2985:Democracy Monument 2977: 2934:Mahidol University 2817: 2791:Vorayuth Yoovidhya 2593:Bhumibol Adulyadej 2041:Revolution of 1932 2021:2020–2021 protests 1034: 1019: 931:state of emergency 907:Democracy Monument 811:19 September 2020: 756:Chakthip Chaijinda 733:Apirat Kongsompong 415:state of emergency 91:Democracy Monument 89:Protesters at the 15149: 15148: 15079:Prayut Chan-o-cha 15045: 15044: 14718:Prayut Chan-o-cha 14689:Abhisit Vejjajiva 14684:Somchai Wongsawat 14667:Surayud Chulanont 14630:death and funeral 14542:Prachatai English 13982:. 8 November 2020 13896:. 24 October 2020 13636:Prachatai English 13480:978-1-315-71629-9 11606:. 27 October 2020 11310:www.aljazeera.com 11247:The Straits Times 11176:. 11 August 2021. 11174:Prachatai English 11156:The Straits Times 10951:Prachatai English 10527:Prachatai English 10161:. 15 October 2020 9387:. 22 October 2020 8807:Prachatai English 8218:Prachatai English 7912:. 14 August 2020. 7737:. 4 August 2020. 7705:Prachatai English 7677:. 3 August 2020. 7413:on 24 August 2020 6479:Prachatai English 6039:Channel News Asia 6002:ISEAS Perspective 5795:978-981-4818-98-8 5674:Los Angeles Times 5655:Prachatai English 5297:. 7 August 2020. 4841:. 7 August 2020. 4655:www.aljazeera.com 4547:978-1-5017-2593-7 4529:A Sarong for Clio 4440:Explanatory notes 4390:Milk Tea Alliance 4354:absolute monarchy 4280:gender inequality 4268:critical juncture 4201:Thai Pakdee Party 4128:In October 2020, 3870: 3869: 3754:Prayut Chan-o-cha 3689: 3688: 3610: 3609: 3493:hammer and sickle 3473:. Protest leader 3455: 3454: 3430:Royal Thai Police 3379: 3378: 3336: 3198:Nakhon Ratchasima 3151:royal prerogative 3051:same-sex marriage 3001: 2862:COVID-19 pandemic 2783:Thammanat Prompao 2760:Prayut Chan-o-cha 2717:Tiwagorn Withiton 2689:freedom of speech 2653: 2645:โตแล้วเลือกเองได้ 2633: 2564:Underlying causes 2531:Thammanat Prompao 2452:Prayut Chan-o-cha 2446:. As head of the 2427: 2426: 2244:Kedahan rebellion 2118:Rebellion of 1964 1844:Visa requirements 1821:Foreign relations 1775:Town Municipality 1770:City Municipality 1702:Political Parties 1587:General Elections 1419:Bunsong Noisophon 1415:Kriangkrai Srirak 1403:Mongkol Surasajja 1372:Mongkol Surasajja 1015:Prayut Chan-o-cha 903:COVID-19 pandemic 896:Thai constitution 884:Prayut Chan-o-cha 876: 875: 833: 832: 711:Prayut Chan-o-cha 653: 652: 389:consumer activism 325:Prayut Chan-o-cha 298:COVID-19 pandemic 236:royal prerogative 180:– April 2021 99:Demonstration in 15239: 15182:2021 in Thailand 15177:2020 in Thailand 15072: 15065: 15058: 15049: 15048: 15036: 15035: 15034: 15023: 15022: 15021: 14735:Srettha Thavisin 14679:Samak Sundaravej 14597: 14590: 14583: 14574: 14573: 14552: 14550: 14548: 14533: 14531: 14529: 14504: 14503: 14492: 14486: 14485: 14483: 14481: 14467: 14461: 14460: 14458: 14456: 14436: 14430: 14429: 14427: 14425: 14406: 14400: 14399: 14384: 14378: 14377: 14375: 14373: 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11058: 11052: 11051: 11049: 11047: 11032: 11026: 11025: 11023: 11021: 11006: 11000: 10999: 10997: 10995: 10981: 10975: 10974: 10961: 10955: 10954: 10953:. 29 April 2021. 10943: 10937: 10936: 10934: 10932: 10917: 10911: 10910: 10908: 10906: 10892: 10886: 10885: 10883: 10881: 10866: 10860: 10859: 10857: 10855: 10841: 10835: 10834: 10832: 10830: 10816: 10810: 10809: 10807: 10805: 10790: 10784: 10783: 10781: 10779: 10764: 10758: 10757: 10755: 10753: 10738: 10729: 10728: 10726: 10724: 10709: 10703: 10702: 10700: 10698: 10683: 10677: 10676: 10674: 10672: 10657: 10651: 10650: 10648: 10646: 10632: 10626: 10625: 10623: 10621: 10606: 10600: 10599: 10597: 10595: 10580: 10574: 10573: 10571: 10569: 10555: 10549: 10548: 10537: 10531: 10530: 10519: 10513: 10512: 10510: 10508: 10494: 10488: 10487: 10485: 10483: 10469: 10463: 10462: 10460: 10458: 10443: 10437: 10436: 10434: 10432: 10418: 10409: 10408: 10406: 10404: 10383: 10377: 10376: 10374: 10372: 10357: 10351: 10350: 10348: 10346: 10331: 10322: 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8526: 8525: 8523: 8521: 8502: 8493: 8492: 8490: 8488: 8469: 8463: 8462: 8460: 8458: 8443: 8434: 8433: 8431: 8429: 8414: 8408: 8407: 8405: 8403: 8384: 8378: 8377: 8375: 8373: 8358: 8349: 8348: 8346: 8344: 8325: 8319: 8318: 8316: 8314: 8295: 8289: 8288: 8286: 8284: 8265: 8259: 8258: 8256: 8254: 8240: 8234: 8233: 8231: 8229: 8210: 8204: 8203: 8201: 8199: 8184: 8178: 8177: 8175: 8173: 8154: 8148: 8147: 8145: 8143: 8129: 8123: 8122: 8120: 8118: 8104: 8098: 8097: 8095: 8093: 8073: 8067: 8066: 8064: 8062: 8051:The Isaan Record 8042: 8036: 8035: 8033: 8031: 8012: 8006: 8005: 8003: 8001: 7982: 7973: 7972: 7970: 7968: 7949: 7943: 7942: 7940: 7938: 7923: 7914: 7913: 7902: 7896: 7895: 7893: 7891: 7872: 7866: 7865: 7863: 7861: 7842: 7836: 7835: 7833: 7831: 7816: 7810: 7809: 7807: 7805: 7790: 7781: 7780: 7778: 7776: 7757: 7751: 7750: 7748: 7746: 7727: 7721: 7720: 7718: 7716: 7697: 7691: 7690: 7688: 7686: 7667: 7661: 7660: 7658: 7656: 7637: 7631: 7630: 7628: 7626: 7607: 7601: 7600: 7598: 7596: 7577: 7571: 7570: 7568: 7566: 7547: 7541: 7540: 7538: 7536: 7519: 7513: 7512: 7510: 7508: 7489: 7483: 7482: 7480: 7478: 7467:Bangkok Biz News 7459: 7453: 7452: 7450: 7448: 7439:. 20 July 2020. 7437:Coconut Thailand 7429: 7423: 7422: 7420: 7418: 7409:. Archived from 7390: 7384: 7383: 7381: 7379: 7368:The Momentum Co. 7360: 7351: 7350: 7348: 7346: 7327: 7321: 7320: 7318: 7316: 7295: 7289: 7288: 7286: 7284: 7265: 7259: 7258: 7256: 7254: 7235: 7229: 7228: 7226: 7224: 7205: 7199: 7198: 7196: 7194: 7173: 7167: 7166: 7154: 7148: 7147: 7145: 7143: 7128: 7122: 7121: 7119: 7117: 7102: 7096: 7095: 7093: 7091: 7071: 7065: 7064: 7062: 7060: 7040: 7034: 7033: 7031: 7029: 7009: 7003: 7002: 7000: 6998: 6978: 6972: 6971: 6969: 6967: 6947: 6941: 6940: 6938: 6936: 6916: 6910: 6909: 6904:. 22 July 2020. 6902:The Isaan Record 6894: 6888: 6887: 6885: 6883: 6863: 6857: 6856: 6854: 6852: 6833: 6827: 6810: 6804: 6803: 6801: 6799: 6779: 6770: 6769: 6767: 6765: 6737: 6731: 6730: 6728: 6726: 6711: 6705: 6704: 6702: 6700: 6681: 6675: 6674: 6668: 6666: 6652: 6644: 6638: 6637: 6632: 6630: 6616: 6608: 6597: 6596: 6594: 6592: 6573: 6567: 6566: 6561: 6559: 6545: 6537: 6528: 6527: 6525: 6523: 6504: 6495: 6494: 6492: 6490: 6470: 6461: 6460: 6458: 6456: 6441: 6435: 6434: 6432: 6430: 6421:. Archived from 6411: 6405: 6404: 6402: 6400: 6381: 6370: 6369: 6325: 6319: 6318: 6282: 6271: 6270: 6234: 6221: 6220: 6218: 6216: 6196: 6190: 6189: 6187: 6185: 6171: 6165: 6164: 6162: 6160: 6112: 6106: 6105: 6103: 6101: 6087: 6081: 6080: 6078: 6076: 6061: 6055: 6054: 6052: 6050: 6031: 6025: 6024: 6022: 6020: 6014: 5999: 5990: 5984: 5983: 5947: 5930: 5929: 5927: 5925: 5906: 5900: 5899: 5855: 5849: 5848: 5838: 5814: 5808: 5807: 5779: 5773: 5772: 5770: 5768: 5748: 5742: 5741: 5739: 5737: 5717: 5706: 5705: 5693: 5682: 5681: 5665: 5659: 5658: 5647: 5634: 5633: 5631: 5629: 5613: 5607: 5606: 5604: 5602: 5588: 5582: 5581: 5579: 5577: 5563: 5557: 5556: 5554: 5552: 5533: 5524: 5523: 5521: 5519: 5500: 5491: 5490: 5488: 5486: 5467: 5461: 5460: 5458: 5456: 5437: 5431: 5430: 5428: 5426: 5408: 5402: 5401: 5399: 5397: 5378: 5372: 5371: 5369: 5367: 5348: 5342: 5341: 5339: 5337: 5317: 5311: 5310: 5308: 5306: 5295:Bangkok Biznews/ 5287: 5281: 5280: 5278: 5276: 5257: 5251: 5250: 5248: 5246: 5231: 5222: 5221: 5219: 5217: 5203: 5197: 5196: 5194: 5192: 5177: 5166: 5165: 5163: 5161: 5146: 5137: 5136: 5134: 5132: 5118: 5109: 5108: 5106: 5104: 5085: 5076: 5075: 5073: 5071: 5052: 5046: 5045: 5043: 5041: 5026: 5020: 5019: 5017: 5015: 4996: 4990: 4989: 4987: 4985: 4968: 4962: 4961: 4949: 4943: 4942: 4940: 4938: 4919: 4913: 4912: 4910: 4908: 4894: 4885: 4884: 4882: 4880: 4861: 4855: 4854: 4852: 4850: 4839:Bangkok Biznews/ 4831: 4822: 4821: 4819: 4817: 4806: 4800: 4799: 4797: 4795: 4779: 4773: 4772: 4770: 4768: 4753: 4747: 4746: 4735: 4729: 4728: 4726: 4724: 4705: 4699: 4698: 4696: 4694: 4679: 4666: 4665: 4663: 4661: 4649:Quinley, Caleb. 4646: 4640: 4639: 4637: 4635: 4620: 4603: 4600: 4594: 4587: 4581: 4578: 4572: 4571: 4569: 4567: 4522: 4516: 4513: 4507: 4504: 4498: 4495: 4489: 4482: 4476: 4473: 4467: 4460: 4454: 4450: 4428:Myanmar conflict 4092:In August 2020, 3992: 3894:delaying tactics 3862: 3861: 3849: 3848: 3837: 3836: 3726:Victory Monument 3681: 3680: 3669: 3668: 3602: 3601: 3589: 3588: 3577: 3576: 3564:Charoen Pokphand 3447: 3446: 3435: 3434: 3371: 3370: 3359: 3358: 3337: 3294:Government House 3101:lèse majesté law 3041:; parody to the 3006: 2996: 2994: 2854:Suksanari School 2810:Ongkharak Campus 2781:profiteering by 2762:made a visit to 2706: 2658: 2648: 2646: 2638: 2628: 2626: 2523:local government 2513:, including the 2419: 2412: 2405: 2382: 2381: 2380: 2366:Bank of Thailand 2191:South insurgency 2163:2014 coup d'état 2158:2006 coup d'état 2153:1991 coup d'état 2128:1976 coup d'état 2123:1971 coup d'état 2113:1958 coup d'état 2108:1957 coup d'état 2090:Palace Rebellion 2079:1948 coup d'état 2074:1947 coup d'état 1991:Black May (1992) 1957:Political crisis 1948:Political unrest 1619:Senate Elections 1520: 1437: 1390: 1341: 1217: 1144:Heir presumptive 1118: 1065: 1052: 1036: 1035: 1030:King of Thailand 787: 786: 769:Suwat Jangyodsuk 767: 766: 765: 754: 753: 752: 744: 743: 742: 731: 730: 729: 721:Prawit Wongsuwon 719: 718: 709: 708: 707: 643: 642: 633: 632: 623: 622: 621: 567: 566: 550: 549: 548: 531: 530: 529: 519: 518: 508: 507: 506: 439: 438: 310:education system 288:legal inequality 279:Network monarchy 258:Distrust in the 208: 206: 200: 198: 187: 185: 179: 177: 166: 164: 158: 156: 145: 143: 101:Pattani Province 75: 68: 57: 50: 39: 21: 20: 15247: 15246: 15242: 15241: 15240: 15238: 15237: 15236: 15152: 15151: 15150: 15145: 15128: 15102: 15081: 15076: 15046: 15041: 15032: 15030: 15019: 15017: 15005: 14984: 14932: 14897: 14844: 14806: 14758: 14647:Prime ministers 14641: 14606: 14601: 14546: 14544: 14536: 14527: 14525: 14516: 14513: 14508: 14507: 14494: 14493: 14489: 14479: 14477: 14469: 14468: 14464: 14454: 14452: 14437: 14433: 14423: 14421: 14408: 14407: 14403: 14386: 14385: 14381: 14371: 14369: 14354: 14350: 14340: 14338: 14330: 14329: 14325: 14315: 14313: 14305: 14304: 14300: 14290: 14288: 14275: 14274: 14270: 14260: 14258: 14251:Khaosod English 14243: 14239: 14229: 14227: 14214: 14213: 14209: 14199: 14197: 14189: 14188: 14184: 14174: 14172: 14164: 14163: 14159: 14149: 14147: 14137: 14133: 14123: 14121: 14111: 14107: 14097: 14095: 14088:Khaosod English 14082: 14081: 14077: 14067: 14065: 14050: 14046: 14036: 14034: 14026: 14025: 14021: 14011: 14009: 14007:Khaosod English 13999: 13995: 13985: 13983: 13974: 13973: 13969: 13959: 13957: 13944: 13943: 13939: 13929: 13927: 13914: 13913: 13909: 13899: 13897: 13888: 13887: 13883: 13873: 13871: 13858: 13857: 13853: 13843: 13841: 13833: 13832: 13828: 13818: 13816: 13803: 13802: 13798: 13788: 13786: 13773: 13772: 13768: 13751: 13750: 13746: 13736: 13734: 13721: 13720: 13716: 13706: 13704: 13691: 13690: 13686: 13676: 13674: 13667:Khaosod English 13659: 13655: 13645: 13643: 13630: 13629: 13625: 13615: 13613: 13600: 13599: 13595: 13565: 13564: 13560: 13550: 13548: 13535: 13534: 13530: 13520: 13518: 13514: 13499: 13491: 13487: 13481: 13459: 13455: 13445: 13443: 13430: 13429: 13425: 13415: 13413: 13400: 13399: 13395: 13385: 13383: 13374: 13373: 13369: 13359: 13357: 13345: 13344: 13340: 13330: 13328: 13315: 13314: 13310: 13300: 13298: 13285: 13284: 13280: 13270: 13268: 13259: 13258: 13254: 13244: 13242: 13234: 13233: 13229: 13219: 13217: 13209: 13208: 13204: 13194: 13192: 13185:Khaosod English 13177: 13173: 13163: 13161: 13153: 13152: 13148: 13138: 13136: 13123: 13122: 13118: 13108: 13106: 13093: 13092: 13088: 13078: 13076: 13068: 13067: 13063: 13053: 13051: 13038: 13037: 13033: 13023: 13021: 13008: 13007: 13003: 12993: 12991: 12978: 12977: 12973: 12963: 12961: 12948: 12947: 12943: 12933: 12931: 12923: 12922: 12918: 12907:ประชาชาติธุรกิจ 12899: 12895: 12878: 12877: 12873: 12856: 12855: 12851: 12841: 12839: 12824: 12820: 12810: 12808: 12793: 12789: 12778:Thairath online 12772: 12771: 12767: 12757: 12755: 12746: 12745: 12741: 12731: 12729: 12716: 12715: 12711: 12701: 12699: 12684: 12680: 12670: 12668: 12655: 12654: 12650: 12640: 12638: 12625: 12624: 12620: 12610: 12608: 12593: 12589: 12579: 12577: 12564: 12563: 12559: 12549: 12547: 12532: 12528: 12515: 12514: 12510: 12497: 12496: 12489: 12479: 12477: 12469: 12468: 12464: 12454: 12452: 12444: 12443: 12439: 12429: 12427: 12414: 12413: 12409: 12399: 12397: 12389: 12388: 12384: 12374: 12372: 12362: 12358: 12348: 12346: 12338: 12337: 12333: 12323: 12321: 12308: 12307: 12303: 12293: 12291: 12278: 12277: 12273: 12263: 12261: 12253: 12252: 12248: 12238: 12236: 12223: 12222: 12218: 12208: 12206: 12193: 12192: 12188: 12178: 12176: 12166: 12162: 12152: 12150: 12137: 12136: 12132: 12122: 12120: 12107: 12106: 12102: 12092: 12090: 12083:Khaosod English 12075: 12071: 12061: 12059: 12051: 12050: 12046: 12029: 12028: 12024: 12014: 12012: 12005:Khaosod English 11999: 11998: 11994: 11984: 11982: 11969: 11968: 11964: 11954: 11952: 11939: 11938: 11934: 11924: 11922: 11909: 11908: 11904: 11894: 11892: 11879: 11878: 11874: 11864: 11862: 11852: 11848: 11838: 11836: 11823: 11822: 11818: 11808: 11806: 11793: 11792: 11788: 11778: 11776: 11763: 11762: 11758: 11748: 11746: 11733: 11732: 11728: 11718: 11716: 11703: 11702: 11698: 11688: 11686: 11673: 11672: 11668: 11653: 11649: 11639: 11637: 11630:Nation Thailand 11624: 11623: 11619: 11609: 11607: 11598: 11597: 11593: 11583: 11581: 11574:Khaosod English 11566: 11562: 11552: 11550: 11535: 11531: 11521: 11519: 11506: 11505: 11501: 11491: 11489: 11486:ประชาชาติธุรกิจ 11480: 11479: 11475: 11465: 11463: 11450: 11449: 11445: 11435: 11433: 11420: 11419: 11415: 11405: 11403: 11388: 11384: 11374: 11372: 11359: 11358: 11354: 11344: 11342: 11329: 11328: 11324: 11314: 11312: 11302: 11298: 11288: 11286: 11276: 11272: 11259: 11258: 11254: 11239: 11235: 11228:Washington Post 11222: 11221: 11217: 11204: 11203: 11199: 11186: 11185: 11181: 11168: 11167: 11163: 11148: 11144: 11131: 11130: 11126: 11116: 11114: 11105: 11104: 11100: 11085: 11081: 11071: 11069: 11060: 11059: 11055: 11045: 11043: 11034: 11033: 11029: 11019: 11017: 11014:Khaosod English 11008: 11007: 11003: 10993: 10991: 10983: 10982: 10978: 10963: 10962: 10958: 10945: 10944: 10940: 10930: 10928: 10919: 10918: 10914: 10904: 10902: 10894: 10893: 10889: 10879: 10877: 10876:. 20 March 2021 10868: 10867: 10863: 10853: 10851: 10843: 10842: 10838: 10828: 10826: 10818: 10817: 10813: 10803: 10801: 10800:. 18 March 2021 10792: 10791: 10787: 10777: 10775: 10772:Khaosod English 10766: 10765: 10761: 10751: 10749: 10746:Khaosod English 10740: 10739: 10732: 10722: 10720: 10717:Khaosod English 10711: 10710: 10706: 10696: 10694: 10685: 10684: 10680: 10670: 10668: 10659: 10658: 10654: 10644: 10642: 10634: 10633: 10629: 10619: 10617: 10614:Khaosod English 10608: 10607: 10603: 10593: 10591: 10588:Khaosod English 10582: 10581: 10577: 10567: 10565: 10557: 10556: 10552: 10539: 10538: 10534: 10521: 10520: 10516: 10506: 10504: 10496: 10495: 10491: 10481: 10479: 10471: 10470: 10466: 10456: 10454: 10445: 10444: 10440: 10430: 10428: 10420: 10419: 10412: 10402: 10400: 10385: 10384: 10380: 10370: 10368: 10359: 10358: 10354: 10344: 10342: 10332: 10325: 10315: 10313: 10303: 10299: 10289: 10287: 10280: 10276: 10266: 10264: 10257: 10253: 10243: 10241: 10231: 10227: 10217: 10215: 10204: 10203: 10199: 10189: 10187: 10179: 10178: 10174: 10164: 10162: 10153: 10152: 10145: 10135: 10133: 10130:Khaosod English 10124: 10123: 10119: 10109: 10107: 10098: 10097: 10093: 10083: 10081: 10071: 10067: 10057: 10055: 10048: 10044: 10034: 10032: 10023: 10022: 10015: 10005: 10003: 9996: 9992: 9982: 9980: 9973: 9969: 9959: 9957: 9948: 9947: 9943: 9933: 9931: 9922: 9921: 9917: 9907: 9905: 9895: 9891: 9881: 9879: 9872: 9868: 9858: 9856: 9853:Khaosod English 9847: 9846: 9842: 9832: 9830: 9825: 9824: 9817: 9807: 9805: 9795: 9791: 9781: 9779: 9770: 9769: 9765: 9755: 9753: 9746: 9739: 9729: 9727: 9717: 9713: 9703: 9701: 9691: 9687: 9677: 9675: 9662: 9661: 9657: 9647: 9645: 9637: 9636: 9632: 9622: 9620: 9607: 9606: 9602: 9592: 9590: 9580: 9576: 9566: 9564: 9556: 9555: 9551: 9541: 9539: 9524: 9520: 9510: 9508: 9495: 9494: 9487: 9477: 9475: 9460: 9456: 9446: 9444: 9436: 9435: 9431: 9421: 9419: 9404: 9400: 9390: 9388: 9379: 9378: 9374: 9364: 9362: 9349: 9348: 9344: 9334: 9332: 9319: 9318: 9314: 9304: 9302: 9294: 9293: 9289: 9270: 9266: 9256: 9254: 9239: 9235: 9225: 9223: 9210: 9209: 9205: 9195: 9193: 9180: 9179: 9175: 9165: 9163: 9150: 9149: 9142: 9132: 9130: 9122: 9121: 9112: 9102: 9100: 9093:Khaosod English 9085: 9081: 9071: 9069: 9056: 9055: 9051: 9041: 9039: 9031: 9030: 9026: 9016: 9014: 9006: 9005: 9001: 8991: 8989: 8980: 8979: 8975: 8965: 8963: 8948: 8941: 8931: 8929: 8916: 8915: 8911: 8901: 8899: 8888: 8884: 8874: 8872: 8865:Khaosod English 8859: 8858: 8851: 8841: 8839: 8826: 8825: 8821: 8811: 8809: 8801: 8800: 8796: 8786: 8784: 8777:Khaosod English 8769: 8765: 8755: 8753: 8746:Khaosod English 8740: 8739: 8732: 8722: 8720: 8712: 8711: 8707: 8697: 8695: 8680: 8676: 8666: 8664: 8656: 8655: 8651: 8641: 8639: 8626: 8625: 8621: 8611: 8609: 8602:Financial Times 8594: 8590: 8580: 8578: 8565: 8564: 8560: 8550: 8548: 8541:Khaosod English 8533: 8529: 8519: 8517: 8504: 8503: 8496: 8486: 8484: 8471: 8470: 8466: 8456: 8454: 8445: 8444: 8437: 8427: 8425: 8416: 8415: 8411: 8401: 8399: 8386: 8385: 8381: 8371: 8369: 8359: 8352: 8342: 8340: 8327: 8326: 8322: 8312: 8310: 8297: 8296: 8292: 8282: 8280: 8267: 8266: 8262: 8252: 8250: 8242: 8241: 8237: 8227: 8225: 8212: 8211: 8207: 8197: 8195: 8185: 8181: 8171: 8169: 8156: 8155: 8151: 8141: 8139: 8131: 8130: 8126: 8116: 8114: 8106: 8105: 8101: 8091: 8089: 8082:Khaosod English 8074: 8070: 8060: 8058: 8043: 8039: 8029: 8027: 8014: 8013: 8009: 7999: 7997: 7984: 7983: 7976: 7966: 7964: 7951: 7950: 7946: 7936: 7934: 7925: 7924: 7917: 7904: 7903: 7899: 7889: 7887: 7874: 7873: 7869: 7859: 7857: 7844: 7843: 7839: 7829: 7827: 7818: 7817: 7813: 7803: 7801: 7798:Khaosod English 7792: 7791: 7784: 7774: 7772: 7759: 7758: 7754: 7744: 7742: 7729: 7728: 7724: 7714: 7712: 7699: 7698: 7694: 7684: 7682: 7669: 7668: 7664: 7654: 7652: 7639: 7638: 7634: 7624: 7622: 7609: 7608: 7604: 7594: 7592: 7579: 7578: 7574: 7564: 7562: 7549: 7548: 7544: 7534: 7532: 7521: 7520: 7516: 7506: 7504: 7491: 7490: 7486: 7476: 7474: 7461: 7460: 7456: 7446: 7444: 7431: 7430: 7426: 7416: 7414: 7391: 7387: 7377: 7375: 7362: 7361: 7354: 7344: 7342: 7329: 7328: 7324: 7314: 7312: 7297: 7296: 7292: 7282: 7280: 7267: 7266: 7262: 7252: 7250: 7237: 7236: 7232: 7222: 7220: 7207: 7206: 7202: 7192: 7190: 7175: 7174: 7170: 7155: 7151: 7141: 7139: 7129: 7125: 7115: 7113: 7104: 7103: 7099: 7089: 7087: 7072: 7068: 7058: 7056: 7041: 7037: 7027: 7025: 7010: 7006: 6996: 6994: 6979: 6975: 6965: 6963: 6948: 6944: 6934: 6932: 6917: 6913: 6896: 6895: 6891: 6881: 6879: 6864: 6860: 6850: 6848: 6835: 6834: 6830: 6820:Wayback Machine 6811: 6807: 6797: 6795: 6780: 6773: 6763: 6761: 6738: 6734: 6724: 6722: 6712: 6708: 6698: 6696: 6683: 6682: 6678: 6664: 6662: 6655:Financial Times 6645: 6641: 6628: 6626: 6619:Financial Times 6609: 6600: 6590: 6588: 6575: 6574: 6570: 6557: 6555: 6538: 6531: 6521: 6519: 6506: 6505: 6498: 6488: 6486: 6471: 6464: 6454: 6452: 6442: 6438: 6428: 6426: 6413: 6412: 6408: 6398: 6396: 6383: 6382: 6373: 6342:10.1355/cs41-2a 6326: 6322: 6283: 6274: 6235: 6224: 6214: 6212: 6197: 6193: 6183: 6181: 6173: 6172: 6168: 6158: 6156: 6121:Pacific Affairs 6113: 6109: 6099: 6097: 6089: 6088: 6084: 6074: 6072: 6062: 6058: 6048: 6046: 6033: 6032: 6028: 6018: 6016: 6012: 5997: 5991: 5987: 5948: 5933: 5923: 5921: 5908: 5907: 5903: 5872:10.1355/cs39-1b 5856: 5852: 5815: 5811: 5796: 5780: 5776: 5766: 5764: 5749: 5745: 5735: 5733: 5718: 5709: 5694: 5685: 5666: 5662: 5649: 5648: 5637: 5627: 5625: 5614: 5610: 5600: 5598: 5590: 5589: 5585: 5575: 5573: 5565: 5564: 5560: 5550: 5548: 5541:ประชาชาติธุรกิจ 5535: 5534: 5527: 5517: 5515: 5508:Khaosod English 5502: 5501: 5494: 5484: 5482: 5469: 5468: 5464: 5454: 5452: 5439: 5438: 5434: 5424: 5422: 5410: 5409: 5405: 5395: 5393: 5380: 5379: 5375: 5365: 5363: 5350: 5349: 5345: 5335: 5333: 5326:Khaosod English 5318: 5314: 5304: 5302: 5289: 5288: 5284: 5274: 5272: 5259: 5258: 5254: 5244: 5242: 5233: 5232: 5225: 5215: 5213: 5205: 5204: 5200: 5190: 5188: 5178: 5169: 5159: 5157: 5148: 5147: 5140: 5130: 5128: 5120: 5119: 5112: 5102: 5100: 5087: 5086: 5079: 5069: 5067: 5054: 5053: 5049: 5039: 5037: 5028: 5027: 5023: 5013: 5011: 4998: 4997: 4993: 4983: 4981: 4970: 4969: 4965: 4958:Khaosod English 4950: 4946: 4936: 4934: 4921: 4920: 4916: 4906: 4904: 4896: 4895: 4888: 4878: 4876: 4863: 4862: 4858: 4848: 4846: 4833: 4832: 4825: 4815: 4813: 4808: 4807: 4803: 4793: 4791: 4780: 4776: 4766: 4764: 4755: 4754: 4750: 4737: 4736: 4732: 4722: 4720: 4707: 4706: 4702: 4692: 4690: 4681: 4680: 4669: 4659: 4657: 4647: 4643: 4633: 4631: 4621: 4617: 4612: 4607: 4606: 4601: 4597: 4588: 4584: 4579: 4575: 4565: 4563: 4548: 4523: 4519: 4514: 4510: 4505: 4501: 4496: 4492: 4483: 4479: 4474: 4470: 4461: 4457: 4451: 4447: 4442: 4371: 4334: 4326: 4324:Economic Impact 4303: 4243: 4238: 4229: 4162:Pheu Thai Party 4142: 4130:Khaosod English 4079:Pheu Thai Party 4060:LGBT pride flag 4052: 4023: 3994: 3990: 3982: 3859: 3846: 3840:External videos 3835: 3830: 3824: 3784: 3678: 3656: 3606:, Twitter video 3599: 3593:, Twitter video 3586: 3580:External videos 3572:Siam Bioscience 3536: 3475:Panupong Jadnok 3463:Sulak Sivaraksa 3451:, Twitter video 3444: 3438:External videos 3398: 3392: 3375:, Twitter video 3368: 3362:External videos 3327: 3274: 3268: 3224: 3218: 3168:Panupong Jadnok 3141:On 3 August, a 3139: 3088: 3084: 3078: 3033:activist group 3029:On 25 July, an 2965: 2959: 2954: 2870: 2799: 2764:Rayong Province 2735: 2729: 2697:organized crime 2570:abortion rights 2566: 2527:organized crime 2448:Royal Thai Army 2432: 2423: 2394: 2390:Other countries 2378: 2376: 2371: 2370: 2326: 2318: 2317: 2285: 2262:Ngiao rebellion 2211: 2167: 2025: 1970:Peace Rebellion 1949: 1941: 1940: 1877: 1871: 1852:Borders : 1850: 1838: 1828: 1823: 1813: 1812: 1787: 1756: 1717: 1707: 1706: 1693: 1669:Local elections 1665: 1645: 1615: 1581: 1571: 1570: 1566:Military Courts 1557: 1514: 1504: 1503: 1492: 1471: 1461:Deputy Speakers 1422: 1417: 1409:Vice Presidents 1375: 1335: 1325: 1324: 1304: 1296: 1289: 1283: 1277: 1268: 1211: 1201: 1200: 1157: 1112: 1102: 1101: 1075: 1043: 1013:Resignation of 1007: 973:Panupong Jadnok 827: 826: 803:16 August 2020: 776: 775: 774: 763: 761: 750: 748: 740: 738: 727: 725: 716: 705: 703: 698: 697: 673:Panupong Jadnok 671: 649: 640: 630: 619: 617: 609: 608: 584: 583: 564: 546: 544: 527: 525: 516: 504: 502: 497: 447: 377:online activism 224: 211: 204: 202: 196: 194: 183: 181: 175: 173: 162: 160: 154: 152: 141: 139: 124: 123: 81: 80: 79: 78: 77: 76: 69: 60: 59: 58: 51: 42: 41: 40: 17: 12: 11: 5: 15245: 15235: 15234: 15229: 15224: 15219: 15214: 15209: 15204: 15199: 15194: 15189: 15184: 15179: 15174: 15169: 15164: 15147: 15146: 15144: 15143: 15136: 15134: 15130: 15129: 15127: 15126: 15121: 15116: 15110: 15108: 15104: 15103: 15101: 15100: 15098:Second Cabinet 15095: 15089: 15087: 15083: 15082: 15075: 15074: 15067: 15060: 15052: 15043: 15042: 15010: 15007: 15006: 15004: 15003: 14998: 14992: 14990: 14986: 14985: 14983: 14982: 14981: 14980: 14970: 14965: 14964: 14963: 14953: 14948: 14942: 14940: 14934: 14933: 14931: 14930: 14929: 14928: 14918: 14917: 14916: 14905: 14903: 14899: 14898: 14896: 14895: 14890: 14885: 14880: 14875: 14870: 14865: 14860: 14854: 14852: 14846: 14845: 14843: 14842: 14841: 14840: 14830: 14829: 14828: 14823: 14814: 14812: 14811:Protest groups 14808: 14807: 14805: 14804: 14799: 14794: 14793: 14792: 14782: 14777: 14772: 14766: 14764: 14760: 14759: 14757: 14756: 14755: 14754: 14744: 14743: 14742: 14732: 14731: 14730: 14728:second cabinet 14725: 14715: 14714: 14713: 14703: 14702: 14701: 14696: 14686: 14681: 14676: 14675: 14674: 14664: 14663: 14662: 14651: 14649: 14643: 14642: 14640: 14639: 14637:Vajiralongkorn 14634: 14633: 14632: 14627: 14616: 14614: 14608: 14607: 14600: 14599: 14592: 14585: 14577: 14571: 14570: 14569: 14568: 14562: 14553: 14534: 14524:. 27 July 2020 14522:workpointTODAY 14512: 14511:External links 14509: 14506: 14505: 14487: 14475:BloombergQuint 14462: 14431: 14401: 14379: 14348: 14323: 14298: 14268: 14237: 14207: 14182: 14157: 14131: 14105: 14075: 14044: 14019: 13993: 13967: 13937: 13907: 13881: 13851: 13826: 13796: 13766: 13744: 13714: 13697:Manager Online 13684: 13653: 13623: 13593: 13558: 13528: 13485: 13479: 13453: 13423: 13393: 13367: 13338: 13321:Bangkokbiznews 13308: 13278: 13252: 13227: 13202: 13171: 13146: 13116: 13086: 13061: 13031: 13014:Deutsche Welle 13001: 12971: 12954:www.unicef.org 12941: 12916: 12893: 12871: 12862:workpointTODAY 12849: 12818: 12787: 12765: 12739: 12709: 12678: 12648: 12631:Manager Online 12618: 12587: 12557: 12526: 12508: 12487: 12462: 12437: 12407: 12382: 12356: 12331: 12301: 12284:Manager Online 12271: 12246: 12216: 12186: 12160: 12130: 12100: 12069: 12044: 12022: 11992: 11962: 11932: 11902: 11872: 11846: 11816: 11786: 11756: 11726: 11696: 11666: 11647: 11617: 11591: 11560: 11529: 11499: 11473: 11443: 11413: 11382: 11352: 11322: 11296: 11270: 11252: 11233: 11215: 11197: 11179: 11161: 11142: 11124: 11098: 11079: 11053: 11027: 11016:. 19 July 2021 11001: 10976: 10956: 10938: 10912: 10887: 10861: 10836: 10811: 10785: 10774:. 2 March 2021 10759: 10748:. 1 March 2021 10730: 10719:. 1 March 2021 10704: 10678: 10652: 10627: 10601: 10575: 10550: 10545:nationthailand 10532: 10514: 10489: 10464: 10451:Bangkokbiznews 10438: 10426:Thai PBS World 10410: 10378: 10352: 10323: 10297: 10274: 10251: 10225: 10197: 10172: 10143: 10117: 10091: 10065: 10042: 10013: 9990: 9967: 9941: 9915: 9889: 9866: 9840: 9815: 9789: 9763: 9737: 9711: 9685: 9655: 9630: 9600: 9574: 9549: 9518: 9485: 9454: 9429: 9398: 9372: 9342: 9312: 9287: 9264: 9233: 9203: 9173: 9140: 9110: 9079: 9049: 9024: 8999: 8973: 8939: 8909: 8882: 8849: 8819: 8794: 8763: 8730: 8705: 8674: 8649: 8619: 8588: 8558: 8527: 8494: 8464: 8435: 8409: 8379: 8350: 8320: 8290: 8260: 8235: 8205: 8179: 8149: 8124: 8099: 8068: 8037: 8007: 7974: 7944: 7915: 7897: 7867: 7837: 7811: 7782: 7752: 7722: 7692: 7662: 7632: 7602: 7572: 7542: 7531:. 20 July 2020 7514: 7497:Manager Online 7484: 7454: 7424: 7385: 7352: 7322: 7290: 7260: 7230: 7200: 7168: 7149: 7123: 7097: 7066: 7035: 7004: 6973: 6942: 6911: 6889: 6858: 6828: 6805: 6771: 6732: 6706: 6691:. 2 May 2017. 6676: 6639: 6598: 6568: 6529: 6496: 6462: 6436: 6406: 6371: 6336:(2): 153–162. 6320: 6272: 6245:(4): 119–133. 6222: 6191: 6166: 6127:(3): 443–457. 6107: 6082: 6056: 6026: 5985: 5931: 5901: 5850: 5829:(2): 279–305. 5809: 5794: 5774: 5743: 5707: 5683: 5660: 5635: 5608: 5583: 5558: 5525: 5492: 5462: 5432: 5403: 5373: 5343: 5312: 5282: 5252: 5223: 5198: 5167: 5138: 5110: 5093:Manager Online 5077: 5047: 5021: 4991: 4980:. 1 March 2021 4963: 4944: 4914: 4886: 4856: 4823: 4801: 4774: 4748: 4730: 4700: 4667: 4641: 4614: 4613: 4611: 4608: 4605: 4604: 4595: 4582: 4573: 4546: 4517: 4508: 4499: 4490: 4477: 4468: 4455: 4444: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4437: 4436: 4431: 4425: 4420: 4414: 4408: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4370: 4367: 4333: 4330: 4325: 4322: 4302: 4299: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4228: 4225: 4141: 4138: 4071:Manager Online 4051: 4048: 4022: 4019: 3983: 3981: 3978: 3868: 3867: 3855: 3854: 3842: 3841: 3834: 3831: 3826:Main article: 3823: 3820: 3783: 3780: 3687: 3686: 3674: 3673: 3672:External image 3655: 3652: 3647:Criminal Court 3608: 3607: 3595: 3594: 3582: 3581: 3568:Vajiralongkorn 3535: 3532: 3453: 3452: 3440: 3439: 3394:Main article: 3391: 3388: 3377: 3376: 3364: 3363: 3270:Main article: 3267: 3264: 3248:Khana Ratsadon 3220:Main article: 3217: 3214: 3137: 3136: 3133: 3130: 3123: 3120: 3117: 3110: 3107: 3104: 3097: 3086: 3085: 3080:Main article: 3077: 3074: 2961:Main article: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2949: 2948: 2941: 2930: 2923: 2900: 2899: 2892: 2885: 2869: 2866: 2798: 2795: 2728: 2725: 2661:oath of office 2601:Vajiralongkorn 2597:Khana Ratsadon 2565: 2562: 2468:Prime Minister 2464:military junta 2431: 2428: 2425: 2424: 2422: 2421: 2414: 2407: 2399: 2396: 2395: 2393: 2392: 2386: 2373: 2372: 2369: 2368: 2363: 2358: 2353: 2348: 2343: 2338: 2333: 2327: 2325:Related topics 2324: 2323: 2320: 2319: 2316: 2315: 2309: 2304: 2298: 2292: 2291: 2284: 2283: 2277: 2271: 2265: 2259: 2253: 2247: 2241: 2236: 2230: 2225: 2218: 2217: 2210: 2209: 2204: 2199: 2194: 2193:(2004–present) 2188: 2183: 2176: 2175: 2166: 2165: 2160: 2155: 2150: 2145: 2140: 2135: 2130: 2125: 2120: 2115: 2110: 2105: 2099: 2093: 2087: 2081: 2076: 2071: 2065: 2059: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2032: 2031: 2029:Military coups 2024: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1978: 1973: 1967: 1960: 1959: 1950: 1947: 1946: 1943: 1942: 1939: 1938: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1918: 1913: 1908: 1903: 1898: 1893: 1888: 1883: 1824: 1819: 1818: 1815: 1814: 1811: 1810: 1805: 1794: 1793: 1786: 1785: 1782: 1777: 1772: 1767: 1763: 1762: 1755: 1754: 1749: 1744: 1739: 1728: 1727: 1718: 1713: 1712: 1709: 1708: 1705: 1704: 1699: 1692: 1691: 1688: 1687:Municipalities 1685: 1682: 1679: 1676: 1672: 1671: 1664: 1663: 1658: 1652: 1651: 1644: 1643: 1638: 1633: 1628: 1622: 1621: 1614: 1613: 1606: 1601: 1596: 1590: 1589: 1582: 1577: 1576: 1573: 1572: 1569: 1568: 1563: 1561:Criminal Court 1553: 1552: 1541: 1540: 1529: 1528: 1515: 1510: 1509: 1506: 1505: 1502: 1501: 1496: 1486: 1485: 1464: 1463: 1447: 1446: 1431: 1430: 1412: 1411: 1400: 1399: 1384: 1383: 1369: 1368: 1365:Vice President 1350: 1349: 1336: 1331: 1330: 1327: 1326: 1323: 1322: 1321: 1320: 1315: 1303: 1302: 1250: 1249: 1231: 1230: 1222:Prime Minister 1212: 1207: 1206: 1203: 1202: 1199: 1198: 1193: 1188: 1183: 1178: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1149: 1148: 1135:Vajiralongkorn 1132: 1131: 1113: 1108: 1107: 1104: 1103: 1100: 1099: 1098: 1097: 1087: 1082: 1076: 1071: 1070: 1067: 1066: 1058: 1057: 1054: 1053: 1045: 1044: 1039: 1026:Vajiralongkorn 1006: 1003: 977:Parit Chiwarak 927:Vajiralongkorn 874: 873: 870: 864: 863: 860: 856: 855: 852: 848: 847: 844: 840: 839: 835: 834: 831: 830: 828: 825: 824: 821: 816: 815:20,000–100,000 813: 808: 805: 800: 797: 791: 790: 783: 782: 778: 777: 773: 772: 759: 746: 736: 723: 713: 700: 699: 696: 695: 690: 685: 680: 678:Parit Chiwarak 675: 665: 664: 663: 660: 659: 655: 654: 651: 650: 648: 647: 637: 627: 607: 606: 605: 604: 601: 598: 593: 590: 581: 580: 579: 572: 571: 561: 560: 559: 542: 541: 540: 523: 500: 498: 496: 495: 492: 489: 486: 483: 480: 475: 472: 469: 466: 463: 460: 457: 442: 435: 434: 430: 429: 428: 427: 424: 421: 418: 408: 404: 403: 365:Demonstrations 362: 358: 357: 356: 355: 352: 345: 344: 343: 334: 327: 319: 315: 314: 313: 312: 306: 301: 294: 285: 272: 266: 256: 250: 244: 230: 226: 225: 219: 217: 213: 212: 210: 209: 188: 167: 146: 132: 130: 126: 125: 122: 121: 107: 104: 97: 94: 86: 82: 70: 63: 62: 61: 52: 45: 44: 43: 34: 33: 32: 31: 30: 29: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15244: 15233: 15230: 15228: 15225: 15223: 15220: 15218: 15215: 15213: 15210: 15208: 15205: 15203: 15200: 15198: 15195: 15193: 15190: 15188: 15185: 15183: 15180: 15178: 15175: 15173: 15172:2021 protests 15170: 15168: 15167:2020 protests 15165: 15163: 15160: 15159: 15157: 15141: 15138: 15137: 15135: 15131: 15125: 15122: 15120: 15117: 15115: 15112: 15111: 15109: 15105: 15099: 15096: 15094: 15093:First Cabinet 15091: 15090: 15088: 15084: 15080: 15073: 15068: 15066: 15061: 15059: 15054: 15053: 15050: 15040: 15039: 15027: 15026: 15014: 15008: 15002: 14999: 14997: 14994: 14993: 14991: 14987: 14979: 14976: 14975: 14974: 14971: 14969: 14966: 14962: 14959: 14958: 14957: 14954: 14952: 14949: 14947: 14944: 14943: 14941: 14939: 14938:Constitutions 14935: 14927: 14924: 14923: 14922: 14919: 14915: 14912: 14911: 14910: 14907: 14906: 14904: 14900: 14894: 14891: 14889: 14886: 14884: 14881: 14879: 14876: 14874: 14871: 14869: 14866: 14864: 14861: 14859: 14856: 14855: 14853: 14851: 14847: 14839: 14836: 14835: 14834: 14831: 14827: 14824: 14822: 14819: 14818: 14816: 14815: 14813: 14809: 14803: 14800: 14798: 14795: 14791: 14788: 14787: 14786: 14783: 14781: 14778: 14776: 14773: 14771: 14768: 14767: 14765: 14761: 14753: 14750: 14749: 14748: 14745: 14741: 14738: 14737: 14736: 14733: 14729: 14726: 14724: 14723:first cabinet 14721: 14720: 14719: 14716: 14712: 14709: 14708: 14707: 14704: 14700: 14697: 14695: 14692: 14691: 14690: 14687: 14685: 14682: 14680: 14677: 14673: 14670: 14669: 14668: 14665: 14661: 14658: 14657: 14656: 14653: 14652: 14650: 14648: 14644: 14638: 14635: 14631: 14628: 14626: 14623: 14622: 14621: 14618: 14617: 14615: 14613: 14609: 14605: 14598: 14593: 14591: 14586: 14584: 14579: 14578: 14575: 14566: 14563: 14560: 14557: 14556: 14554: 14543: 14539: 14535: 14523: 14519: 14515: 14514: 14501: 14497: 14491: 14476: 14472: 14466: 14450: 14446: 14442: 14435: 14419: 14415: 14411: 14405: 14397: 14393: 14389: 14383: 14367: 14363: 14359: 14352: 14337: 14333: 14327: 14312: 14308: 14302: 14286: 14282: 14278: 14272: 14256: 14252: 14248: 14241: 14225: 14221: 14217: 14211: 14196: 14192: 14186: 14171: 14167: 14161: 14146: 14142: 14135: 14120: 14116: 14109: 14093: 14089: 14085: 14079: 14063: 14059: 14055: 14048: 14033: 14029: 14023: 14008: 14004: 13997: 13981: 13977: 13971: 13955: 13951: 13947: 13941: 13925: 13921: 13917: 13911: 13895: 13891: 13885: 13869: 13865: 13861: 13855: 13840: 13836: 13830: 13814: 13810: 13806: 13800: 13784: 13780: 13776: 13770: 13762: 13758: 13754: 13748: 13732: 13728: 13724: 13718: 13702: 13698: 13694: 13688: 13672: 13668: 13664: 13657: 13641: 13637: 13633: 13627: 13611: 13607: 13603: 13597: 13589: 13585: 13581: 13577: 13573: 13570:(in German). 13569: 13562: 13546: 13542: 13538: 13532: 13513: 13509: 13505: 13498: 13497: 13489: 13482: 13476: 13472: 13468: 13464: 13457: 13441: 13437: 13433: 13427: 13411: 13407: 13403: 13397: 13381: 13377: 13371: 13355: 13351: 13348: 13342: 13326: 13322: 13318: 13312: 13296: 13292: 13288: 13282: 13266: 13262: 13256: 13241: 13237: 13231: 13216: 13212: 13206: 13190: 13186: 13182: 13175: 13160: 13156: 13150: 13134: 13130: 13126: 13120: 13104: 13100: 13096: 13090: 13075: 13071: 13065: 13049: 13045: 13041: 13035: 13019: 13015: 13011: 13005: 12989: 12985: 12981: 12975: 12959: 12955: 12951: 12945: 12930: 12926: 12920: 12912: 12908: 12904: 12897: 12889: 12885: 12881: 12875: 12867: 12863: 12859: 12853: 12837: 12833: 12829: 12822: 12806: 12802: 12798: 12791: 12783: 12779: 12775: 12769: 12753: 12752:mgronline.com 12749: 12743: 12727: 12723: 12719: 12713: 12697: 12693: 12689: 12682: 12666: 12662: 12658: 12652: 12636: 12632: 12628: 12622: 12606: 12602: 12598: 12591: 12575: 12571: 12570:aljazeera.com 12567: 12561: 12545: 12541: 12537: 12530: 12522: 12518: 12512: 12504: 12500: 12494: 12492: 12476: 12472: 12466: 12451: 12447: 12441: 12425: 12421: 12417: 12411: 12396: 12392: 12386: 12371: 12367: 12360: 12345: 12341: 12335: 12319: 12315: 12311: 12305: 12289: 12285: 12281: 12275: 12260: 12256: 12250: 12234: 12230: 12226: 12220: 12204: 12200: 12196: 12190: 12175: 12171: 12164: 12148: 12144: 12140: 12134: 12118: 12114: 12110: 12104: 12088: 12084: 12080: 12073: 12058: 12054: 12048: 12040: 12036: 12032: 12026: 12010: 12006: 12002: 11996: 11980: 11976: 11972: 11966: 11950: 11946: 11942: 11936: 11920: 11916: 11912: 11906: 11890: 11886: 11882: 11876: 11861: 11857: 11850: 11834: 11830: 11826: 11820: 11804: 11800: 11796: 11790: 11774: 11770: 11766: 11760: 11744: 11740: 11739:Thai Enquirer 11736: 11730: 11714: 11710: 11706: 11700: 11684: 11680: 11676: 11670: 11662: 11658: 11651: 11635: 11631: 11627: 11621: 11605: 11601: 11595: 11579: 11575: 11571: 11564: 11548: 11544: 11540: 11533: 11517: 11513: 11509: 11503: 11487: 11483: 11477: 11461: 11457: 11453: 11447: 11431: 11427: 11423: 11417: 11401: 11397: 11393: 11386: 11370: 11366: 11362: 11356: 11340: 11336: 11332: 11326: 11311: 11307: 11300: 11285: 11281: 11274: 11266: 11262: 11256: 11248: 11244: 11237: 11229: 11225: 11219: 11211: 11207: 11201: 11193: 11189: 11183: 11175: 11171: 11165: 11157: 11153: 11146: 11138: 11134: 11128: 11112: 11108: 11102: 11094: 11090: 11083: 11067: 11063: 11057: 11041: 11037: 11031: 11015: 11011: 11005: 10990: 10986: 10980: 10972: 10971: 10966: 10960: 10952: 10948: 10942: 10926: 10922: 10916: 10901: 10897: 10891: 10875: 10871: 10865: 10850: 10846: 10840: 10825: 10821: 10815: 10799: 10795: 10789: 10773: 10769: 10763: 10747: 10743: 10737: 10735: 10718: 10714: 10708: 10692: 10688: 10682: 10666: 10662: 10656: 10641: 10637: 10631: 10615: 10611: 10605: 10589: 10585: 10579: 10564: 10560: 10554: 10546: 10542: 10536: 10528: 10524: 10518: 10503: 10499: 10493: 10478: 10474: 10468: 10452: 10448: 10442: 10427: 10423: 10417: 10415: 10398: 10394: 10393: 10388: 10382: 10366: 10362: 10356: 10341: 10337: 10330: 10328: 10312: 10308: 10301: 10285: 10278: 10262: 10255: 10240: 10236: 10229: 10213: 10212: 10207: 10201: 10186: 10182: 10176: 10160: 10156: 10150: 10148: 10131: 10127: 10121: 10105: 10101: 10095: 10080: 10076: 10069: 10053: 10046: 10030: 10026: 10020: 10018: 10001: 9994: 9978: 9971: 9955: 9951: 9945: 9929: 9925: 9919: 9904: 9900: 9893: 9877: 9870: 9854: 9850: 9844: 9828: 9822: 9820: 9804: 9800: 9793: 9777: 9773: 9767: 9751: 9744: 9742: 9726: 9722: 9715: 9700: 9696: 9689: 9673: 9669: 9665: 9659: 9644: 9640: 9634: 9618: 9614: 9610: 9604: 9589: 9585: 9578: 9563: 9559: 9553: 9537: 9533: 9529: 9522: 9506: 9502: 9498: 9492: 9490: 9473: 9469: 9468:Thai Enquirer 9465: 9458: 9443: 9439: 9433: 9417: 9413: 9409: 9402: 9386: 9382: 9376: 9360: 9356: 9352: 9346: 9330: 9326: 9322: 9316: 9301: 9297: 9291: 9283: 9279: 9275: 9268: 9252: 9248: 9244: 9237: 9221: 9217: 9213: 9207: 9191: 9187: 9183: 9177: 9161: 9157: 9153: 9147: 9145: 9129: 9125: 9119: 9117: 9115: 9098: 9094: 9090: 9083: 9067: 9063: 9059: 9053: 9038: 9034: 9028: 9013: 9009: 9003: 8987: 8983: 8977: 8961: 8957: 8953: 8946: 8944: 8927: 8923: 8919: 8913: 8897: 8893: 8886: 8870: 8866: 8862: 8856: 8854: 8837: 8833: 8829: 8823: 8808: 8804: 8798: 8782: 8778: 8774: 8767: 8751: 8747: 8743: 8737: 8735: 8719: 8715: 8709: 8693: 8689: 8685: 8678: 8663: 8659: 8653: 8637: 8633: 8629: 8623: 8607: 8603: 8599: 8592: 8576: 8572: 8568: 8562: 8546: 8542: 8538: 8531: 8515: 8511: 8507: 8501: 8499: 8482: 8478: 8474: 8468: 8452: 8448: 8442: 8440: 8423: 8419: 8413: 8397: 8393: 8389: 8383: 8368: 8364: 8357: 8355: 8338: 8334: 8330: 8324: 8308: 8304: 8300: 8294: 8278: 8274: 8270: 8264: 8249: 8245: 8239: 8223: 8219: 8215: 8209: 8194: 8190: 8183: 8167: 8163: 8159: 8153: 8138: 8134: 8128: 8113: 8109: 8103: 8087: 8083: 8079: 8072: 8056: 8052: 8048: 8041: 8025: 8021: 8017: 8011: 7995: 7991: 7987: 7981: 7979: 7962: 7958: 7954: 7948: 7932: 7928: 7922: 7920: 7911: 7907: 7901: 7885: 7881: 7877: 7871: 7855: 7851: 7847: 7841: 7825: 7824:prachatai.com 7821: 7815: 7799: 7795: 7789: 7787: 7770: 7766: 7762: 7756: 7740: 7736: 7732: 7726: 7710: 7706: 7702: 7696: 7680: 7676: 7672: 7666: 7650: 7646: 7642: 7636: 7620: 7616: 7612: 7606: 7590: 7586: 7582: 7576: 7560: 7556: 7552: 7546: 7530: 7529: 7524: 7518: 7502: 7498: 7494: 7488: 7472: 7468: 7464: 7458: 7442: 7438: 7434: 7428: 7412: 7408: 7404: 7400: 7396: 7389: 7373: 7369: 7365: 7359: 7357: 7340: 7336: 7332: 7326: 7310: 7306: 7305: 7300: 7294: 7278: 7274: 7270: 7264: 7248: 7244: 7240: 7234: 7218: 7214: 7210: 7204: 7188: 7184: 7183: 7178: 7172: 7164: 7160: 7153: 7138: 7134: 7127: 7111: 7107: 7101: 7085: 7081: 7080:Thai Enquirer 7077: 7070: 7054: 7050: 7046: 7039: 7023: 7019: 7015: 7008: 6992: 6988: 6984: 6977: 6961: 6957: 6953: 6946: 6930: 6926: 6922: 6915: 6907: 6903: 6899: 6893: 6877: 6873: 6869: 6862: 6846: 6842: 6838: 6832: 6825: 6821: 6817: 6814: 6809: 6793: 6789: 6785: 6778: 6776: 6759: 6755: 6751: 6747: 6743: 6736: 6721: 6717: 6710: 6694: 6690: 6686: 6680: 6673: 6660: 6656: 6651: 6643: 6636: 6624: 6620: 6615: 6607: 6605: 6603: 6586: 6582: 6578: 6572: 6565: 6553: 6549: 6544: 6536: 6534: 6517: 6513: 6509: 6503: 6501: 6484: 6480: 6476: 6469: 6467: 6451: 6447: 6440: 6424: 6420: 6416: 6410: 6394: 6390: 6386: 6380: 6378: 6376: 6367: 6363: 6359: 6355: 6351: 6347: 6343: 6339: 6335: 6331: 6324: 6316: 6312: 6308: 6304: 6300: 6296: 6293:(4): 89–106. 6292: 6288: 6281: 6279: 6277: 6268: 6264: 6260: 6256: 6252: 6248: 6244: 6240: 6233: 6231: 6229: 6227: 6210: 6206: 6202: 6195: 6180: 6176: 6170: 6154: 6150: 6146: 6142: 6138: 6134: 6130: 6126: 6122: 6118: 6111: 6096: 6092: 6086: 6071: 6067: 6060: 6044: 6040: 6036: 6030: 6011: 6007: 6003: 5996: 5989: 5981: 5977: 5973: 5969: 5965: 5961: 5957: 5953: 5946: 5944: 5942: 5940: 5938: 5936: 5919: 5915: 5914:The Economist 5911: 5905: 5897: 5893: 5889: 5885: 5881: 5877: 5873: 5869: 5865: 5861: 5854: 5846: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5828: 5824: 5820: 5813: 5805: 5801: 5797: 5791: 5787: 5786: 5778: 5762: 5758: 5754: 5747: 5731: 5727: 5723: 5716: 5714: 5712: 5703: 5699: 5692: 5690: 5688: 5679: 5675: 5671: 5664: 5656: 5652: 5646: 5644: 5642: 5640: 5623: 5619: 5612: 5597: 5593: 5587: 5572: 5571:Thai Enquirer 5568: 5562: 5546: 5542: 5538: 5532: 5530: 5513: 5509: 5505: 5499: 5497: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5466: 5450: 5446: 5442: 5436: 5420: 5416: 5413: 5407: 5391: 5387: 5383: 5377: 5361: 5357: 5353: 5347: 5331: 5327: 5323: 5316: 5300: 5296: 5292: 5286: 5270: 5266: 5262: 5256: 5240: 5236: 5230: 5228: 5212: 5208: 5202: 5187: 5183: 5176: 5174: 5172: 5155: 5151: 5145: 5143: 5127: 5123: 5117: 5115: 5098: 5094: 5090: 5084: 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819:October 2021: 817: 814: 812: 809: 807:20,000–25,000 806: 804: 801: 798: 796: 795:18 July 2020: 793: 792: 789: 788: 784: 779: 770: 760: 757: 747: 737: 734: 724: 722: 714: 712: 702: 701: 694: 691: 689: 686: 684: 681: 679: 676: 674: 670: 667: 666: 661: 656: 646: 638: 636: 628: 626: 616: 615: 614: 613: 612:Supported by: 602: 599: 597: 594: 591: 588: 587: 586: 585: 582:See full list 578: 576: 570: 562: 558: 555: 554: 553: 543: 539: 536: 535: 534: 524: 522: 514: 513: 512: 511: 499: 493: 490: 487: 484: 481: 479: 476: 473: 470: 467: 464: 461: 458: 455: 454: 453: 451: 446: 441: 440: 436: 431: 425: 422: 419: 416: 412: 411: 409: 405: 402: 398: 394: 393:hunger strike 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 363: 359: 353: 350: 346: 342: 338: 337: 335: 332: 328: 326: 322: 321: 320: 316: 311: 307: 305: 302: 299: 295: 293: 289: 286: 284: 280: 276: 273: 271: 267: 265: 261: 257: 255: 251: 249: 245: 243: 242: 237: 234:Expansion of 233: 232: 231: 227: 222: 218: 214: 193:May 2021 192: 189: 171: 168: 150: 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