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2016–2022 Yemen cholera outbreak

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750:. As of 12 November 2020, there were 2,070 confirmed cases and 602 deaths. The COVID-19 pandemic has further burdened the already overwhelmed healthcare system in Yemen fighting a number of diseases including cholera, dengue fever, and malaria. Only half of existing health facilities are fully functioning while more than 17.9 million people of a total population of 30 million need health care services in 2020. In addition, those that remain open lack medical personnel, basic medicine, and essential supplies such as masks and gloves. The lack of flights in and out of Yemen to mitigate the pandemic has also restricted the movement of aid workers responding to the humanitarian crisis. 570: 42: 189:(WHO) executive directors stated: "This deadly cholera outbreak is the direct consequence of two years of heavy conflict. Collapsing health, water and sanitation systems have cut off 14.5 million people from regular access to clean water and sanitation, increasing the ability of the disease to spread. Rising rates of malnutrition have weakened children's health and made them more vulnerable to disease. An estimated 30,000 dedicated local health workers who play the largest role in ending this outbreak have not been paid their salaries for nearly ten months." 363: 645: 733:
politicians and other decision makers. Whatever the reasons, OCVs were not distributed until nearly 16 months into the cholera outbreak by which time more than a million cases had accumulated. Neither were they in the two years of WaSH infrastructure breakdown that preceded the outbreak. This should serve as a historic example of the failure to control the spread of cholera given the tools that are available. Today, "cholera outbreaks are entirely containable" (The Lancet editorial, 2017).
873:(U.S.) announced $ 87 million in additional humanitarian assistance to help the people of Yemen, bringing the U.S. total assistance since 2017 to more than $ 854 million. This money will be used for food assistance, safe drinking water, emergency shelter, and medical supplies. The U.S. is also planning to provide $ 55 million in economic and development assistance, including programs to support livelihoods, rebuild infrastructure, and restore access to education. 198: 427:. By mid-December, 135 districts of 15 governorates had reported suspected cases, but nearly two-thirds were confined to Aden, Al-Bayda, Al-Hudaydah and Taiz. By mid-January 2017, 80% of cases were located in 28 districts of Al-Dhale'a, Al-Hudaydah, Hajjah, Lahij and Taiz. A total of 268 districts from 20 governorates had reported cases by 21 June 2017; over half are from the governorates of 657:
decreased rainfall. In the 2015-2016 El Niño event, there were an additional 50 000 cases of cholera in East Africa. Based on genomic approaches, there was a linkage found between the epidemic in Yemen starting in 2016 and the earlier outbreaks in East Africa.  This alludes to a possible connection between cholera in East Africa and Yemen.
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it was too late to start a vaccination campaign, whether there was enough stockpiled vaccine to meet worldwide needs, whether all of the reported cases of cholera in Yemen were true cases as opposed to simply cases of diarrhea or other similar symptoms, and the effectiveness of the vaccine. The request for vaccine was retracted.
513:, collapsing sanitation and clean water systems due to the country's ongoing conflict, and the approximately 30,000 local health care workers who had not been paid for almost a year. These factors resulted in a delayed vaccination program, which was not started until more than one million people were already ill. 501:(UN), the worst humanitarian crisis in the world. Between 1 January 2018 to 31 May 2020, the cumulative total number of suspected cases was 1,371,819 with 1566 associated deaths. The case fatality rate for the outbreak was 0.11% as of 2020, having declined from a high of 1% when the outbreak first began. 661:
are natural reservoirs and carriers of the Vibrio cholerae bacterium. It has been suggested that adult chironomidae may aerially carry the bacterium between bodies of water, assisting in the transmission of cholera. Based on this evidence, it is hypothesized that the El Nino conditions over the Gulf
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in October 2016. The outbreak peaked in 2017 with over 2,000 reported deaths in that year alone. In 2017 and 2019, war-torn Yemen accounted for 84% and 93% of all cholera cases in the world, with children constituting the majority of reported cases. As of November 2021, there have been more than 2.5
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The WHO provided regular outbreak updates for the epidemic in Yemen up until August 2020. Since then the epidemic has declined in numbers of cases and deaths, with 2020 seeing a total of 230,540 suspected cases and 84 deaths and 5,676 suspected cases with two deaths between January 1 and March 6 of
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On March 27, 2020, the Trump administration cut $ 70 million in assistance destined for northern Yemen, framing the decreased funding as a response to the interference of Houthi rebels. The U.S. officials were concerned that the assistance was directed to fighters instead of civilians. South Yemen,
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As of July 8, 2019, the UN and partners are running 1200 cholera treatment facilities around the country, however, funding is an issue. The 2019 Yemen Humanitarian Response Plan required $ 4.2 billion to deliver assistance, but they ended up receiving $ 3.6 billion. For the 2020 plan, the UN has so
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The International Coordinating Group on Vaccine Provision, which maintains vaccine stockpiles for cholera, announced a plan in June 2017 to send one million doses of oral cholera vaccine (OCV) to Yemen, but this plan stalled. Controversy surrounded whether vaccination was the best strategy, whether
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Yemen's wastewater and solid waste management systems are the least developed among Middle Eastern countries, which has been a major contributor to the cholera outbreak. With 16 functional sewage treatment plants (STPs) and a growing population, the country's sewage systems are ill-equipped to meet
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has pledged $ 40 million in humanitarian aid for Yemen to help the politically unstable country cope with cholera, malaria, dengue fever, and diphtheria along with COVID-19. This brings Canada's total contributions to Yemen since 2015 to $ 220 million, which contributes towards the goal of US$ 2.4
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phenomenon is a major driver of climate variability associated with health outcomes, including influencing cholera dynamics due to changes in rainfall. For example, in East Africa, there was an upsurge in cholera cases in areas with increased rainfall, along with an increase in cases in areas with
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Official dumping sites for solid waste are being created increasingly close to communities, which has increased the risk of infection and general health issues among citizens. This is especially true for the roughly 70% of citizens without access to potable water, who consume water from wells near
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Because of the ongoing conflict in Yemen, and resulting displacement of people who do not have adequate food, waster, housing or sanitation, pre-existing conditions were exacerbated. Shortages have been made worse by naval and air blockades. Bombing has damaged water and sanitation infrastructure.
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Children under five showed a high prevalence of malnutrition, making them further susceptible to disease; Yemen had "one of the highest rates of childhood malnutrition worldwide". The health care system in Yemen before the conflict was weak and lacking infrastructure. For instance, before the war,
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OCVs were not delivered until nearly 3.5 years into this humanitarian emergency, which has most likely been due to ongoing conflict, logistical circumstances, the scale of the epidemic, impairment of the humanitarian response by the parts to the conflict and some degree of negligence from donors,
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Epidemiological modelling of the outbreak from October 2016 to January 2016 together with satellite image-derived meteorological data showed that the rainfall had a strong impact in increasing the chances of transmission, with the rainy season of April 2017 having coincided with the onset of the
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Following the October 2016 outbreak, the rate of spread in most areas declined by the end of February 2017, and by mid-March 2017, the outbreak was in decline after a wave of cold weather. A total of 25,827 suspected cases, including 129 deaths, were reported by 26 April 2017.
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Even before civil war affected Yemen, it was "beset by circumstances that made it ripe for cholera". A country with high poverty rates, Yemen also suffered frequent droughts and severe water access problems, with only about half of the population having had access to good
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deemed the worst humanitarian crisis in the world at that time. However, the outbreak has substantially decreased by 2021, with a successful vaccination program implemented and only 5,676 suspected cases with two deaths reported between January 1 and March 6 of 2021.
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estimated that 5,000 new cases per day were occurring, and that the total number of cases in the country since the outbreak began in October had exceeded 200,000, with 1,300 deaths. The two agencies stated that it was then "the worst cholera outbreak in the world".
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reported that they ran awareness campaigns with 20,000 promoters, provided water to more than one million individuals, served as the WaSH lead, and delivered "40 tons of medical equipment including medicine, oral rehydration solution, IV fluids and diarrhea kits".
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were affected by the ongoing conflict. The government of Yemen stopped funding public health in 2016; sanitation workers were not paid by the government, causing garbage to accumulate, and healthcare workers either fled the country or were not paid.
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second wave of the outbreak topping at more than 50,000 cases per week. The geography of Yemen means that the Western mountainous plateau sees more rainfall, and has therefore an increased risk of high cholera incidence due to water precipitations.
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Starting on 8 November 2018, The World Health Organization began counting cases of cholera from 1 January 2018 onwards instead of from 27 April 2017. This is resolved by adding 1,048,701 suspected cholera cases and 2358 deaths from 21 October
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Airstrikes have destroyed facilities in the country for health care; "half of the nation's hospitals have been either destroyed by Saudi airstrikes, occupied by rebel forces, or shut down because there are no medical personnel to staff them".
793:(OCVs). The WHO reported operating 414 facilities using 406 teams active in 323 districts in Yemen, which included 36 treatment centers for cholera. In the management of cholera, they stated that they trained 900 health workers and ran 139 696:
A failing sewage system, continued conflict and inadequate health care facilities are only a few of the reasons contributing to this problem. Malnutrition, which is a significant consequence of the Yemen War, has further contributed to this
889:(UK) government has been one of the largest humanitarian donors to Yemen, budgeting £139 million in 2017/2018 and earmarking £8m from the Yemen budget specifically to respond to cholera. The UK has partnered with organizations including 8087: 2185:
Starting in December 2017, The World Health Organization began counting cases of cholera from 27 April 2017 onwards instead of from October 2016. This is resolved by adding 26,070 suspected cholera cases and 120 deaths from December
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By October 2018, there were more than 1.2 million cases reported, and more than 2,500 people—58% children—have died in the Yemen cholera outbreak, which is the worst epidemic in recorded history and was, according to the
554:, in northwestern Yemen. Doctors Without Borders reported that they had provided GPS coordinates to Saudi Arabia on twelve separate occasions, and had received nine written responses confirming receipt of those coordinates. 431:(the capital Sana'a), Al-Hudaydah, Amran and Hajjah, which are all located in the west of the country. In particular, 77.7% of cholera cases (339,061 of 436,625) and 80.7% of deaths from cholera (1,545 of 1,915) occurred in 922:
On August 25, 2017, the World Bank announced $ 200 million U.S. to support Yemen as it struggles to contain the cholera outbreak. This money is being used to strengthen the country's health, water, and sanitation systems.
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scientists to deploy a model to predict and effectively respond to outbreaks of cholera. DFID Secretary Priti Patel has urged the international community to follow the UK government's steps to curb the cholera outbreak.
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has been backing the Yemen government in the fight against the Houthi rebels, and they are also one of the top donors for UN humanitarian aid operations in Yemen. On 23 June 2017, Saudi Arabia's crown prince,
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to combat the cholera disease in Yemen. The UK's humanitarian response includes nutrition support, clean water, sanitation, and medical supplies, such as chlorine tablets and hygiene kits. The UK
561:'s interim country director for Yemen, stated in April 2017, "With the right medicines, these are all completely treatable – but the Saudi Arabia-led coalition is stopping them from getting in." 370:
Following "on the heels of civil conflict between Houthi rebels and the internationally recognized Yemeni regime", the Yemen cholera outbreak began in early October 2016, and by January 2017, the
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the needs of citizens and serve just 7% of the population. Actual flow rates through the STPs in Yemen exceed the flow rates they were designed to accommodate, which reduces their efficiency.
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Qadri, Islam and Clemens write that the dramatic April 2017 resurgence coincided with heavy rains, and "was amplified by war-related destruction of municipal water and sewage systems". An
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Al-Gheethi AA. "Effectiveness of selected wastewater treatment plants in Yemen for reduction of faecal indicators and pathogenic bacteria in secondary effluents and sludge".
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Vulnerable to water-borne diseases before the conflict, 16 months went by before a program of oral vaccines was started. The cholera outbreak was worsened as a result of the
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As of 2016, the government ended funding for public health, leaving many employees without salary. The impacts of the outbreak were exacerbated by the collapse of the
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Moreover, wastewater in Yemen is frequently reused for irrigation purposes by farmers due to a lack of awareness about safety risks. High concentrations of
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of Aden may have contributed to the transmission of cholera from the Horn of Africa to Yemen through wind effects on cholera-contaminated flying insects.
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The cumulative total of suspected cholera cases, from 27 April 2017 to 20 May 2018, is 1 100 720 and 2 291 associated deaths (case fatality rate 0.21%).
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leading a coalition of nine countries from the Middle East and Africa, in response to calls from President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi for military support.
17: 4754: 3532: 2236: 585:- which are generally intended as a primary treatment - to remove pathogens from sewage. This has resulted in high quantities of infectious agents in 7376: 6620: 2907: 371: 6920: 6890: 6830: 6800: 6770: 6590: 5960: 5930: 5900: 5780: 5750: 5451: 5143: 2401: 7758: 7469: 7010: 6980: 6950: 6860: 6740: 6710: 6680: 5870: 5840: 5810: 5720: 5694: 5665: 5535: 5509: 5422: 5091: 5065: 4909: 2821: 486:
said in 2017 the outbreak would become the largest epidemic since record-keeping began, overtaking the 754,373 cases of cholera recorded after the
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In May 2018, the first OCV campaign in Yemen was launched. The WHO and UNICEF delivered oral vaccines to 540,000 individuals in August 2018.
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Suspected cases have not been confirmed by laboratory tests as being due to this strain, although some other strains may have been ruled out.
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Mohammed al-Jaber, the Saudi ambassador to Yemen, has announced half a billion dollars from Saudi Arabia to support UN programs in 2020.
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Wastewater stabilization ponds are generally used as a primary treatment, and are inefficient at completely removing infectious agents.
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The number of cholera cases resurged in a second wave that began on 27 April 2017. According to Qadri, Islam and Clemens, writing in
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coordinated the Yemen Health Cluster with 40 member organizations, and together with Health and Water Sanitation and Hygiene (
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containing the bacteria. Symptoms may range from none, to mild, to severe. The classic symptom is large amounts of watery
9806: 9796: 9322: 9118: 9112: 9094: 8992: 8912: 8713: 8366: 7579: 7484: 7392: 4776: 2954: 681:(ICRC) worker in Yemen noted that April's cholera resurgence began ten days after Sana'a's sewer system stopped working. 459: 224:
is an ongoing conflict that began in 2015 between two factions: the internationally recognized Yemeni government, led by
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2021 Furthermore, UNICEF reports that in 2021 over 190,000 children received a cholera vaccine, achieving 94% coverage.
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and Institut Pasteur concluded the strain of cholera originated in eastern Africa and was carried to Yemen by migrants.
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Through 2018, several humanitarian healthcare organizations had reported activity to contain the cholera outbreak. The
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Yemen authorities announced the cholera outbreak on October 7, 2016. By the end of that year, there were 96 deaths.
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that are given by mouth provide reasonable protection for about six months. Two oral killed vaccines are available:
9672: 9476: 9346: 9310: 9298: 9201: 9124: 8432: 8392: 8340: 7819: 7549: 7534: 7480: 170: 4683: 4536: 9776: 9771: 9766: 9761: 9756: 9751: 9746: 9542: 9536: 9506: 9426: 9328: 9268: 9231: 9219: 9130: 8955: 8741: 8345: 7948: 7611: 7340: 4855:"WHO EMRO - Update on the cholera situation in Yemen, 30 October 2016 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 2338: 137: 5014:"WHO EMRO - Weekly update - Cholera cases in Yemen, 13 December 2016 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 4243:"WHO EMRO | WHO and KSRelief renew partnership to continue sustaining Yemen's health system | News | Yemen site" 2289:"Re-Emerging Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in War-Affected Peoples of the Eastern Mediterranean Region-An Update" 435:-controlled governorates, compared to 15.4% of cases and 10.4% of deaths in government-controlled governorates. 9654: 9642: 9636: 9624: 9618: 9612: 9500: 9444: 9414: 9402: 8447: 8299: 8294: 8289: 8284: 8279: 8274: 7943: 7870: 7681: 7626: 7616: 7544: 5040:"WHO EMRO - Weekly update: Cholera cases in Yemen, 29 December 2016 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 775: 5092:"WHO EMRO - Weekly update: cholera cases in Yemen, 23 January 2017 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 5066:"WHO EMRO - Weekly update: cholera cases in Yemen, 15 January 2017 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 9370: 9286: 8888: 7901: 7746: 7736: 3958:"The cholera epidemic in Yemen - How did it start? The role of El Niño conditions followed by regional winds" 805: 547: 530:
70–80% of children were vaccinated against measles, but the vaccination rate had dropped by the end of 2015.
6921:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 29 December 2019 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 6891:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 22 December 2019 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 6831:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 17 November 2019 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 6801:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 10 November 2019 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 6771:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 03 November 2019 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 6621:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update - Cholera in Yemen 29 September 2019 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 6591:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 1 September 2019 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 5781:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 31 December 2018 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 5751:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 20 December 2018 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 5452:"WHO EMRO - Outbreak update - cholera in Yemen, 19 December 2017 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 5170:"WHO EMRO - Weekly update: cholera cases in Yemen, 21 March 2017 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 4405: 2654:"UNICEF Yemen Humanitarian Situation Report - reporting period 1 – 28 February 2021 [EN/AR] - Yemen" 493:
On 22 December 2017, WHO reported the number of suspected cholera cases in Yemen had surpassed one million.
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armed movement, along with their supporters and allies. Both claim to constitute the official government of
9340: 9160: 9046: 9040: 8949: 8636: 8631: 8402: 7636: 7011:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 26 January 2020 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 6981:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 12 January 2020 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 6861:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 1 December 2019 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 6741:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 27 October 2019 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 6711:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 20 October 2019 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 6681:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 13 October 2019 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 5991:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update - Cholera in Yemen, 17 February2019 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 5961:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 3 February 2019 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 5931:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 20 January 2019 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 5901:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 13 January 2019 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 5841:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update - Cholera in Yemen 30 December 2018 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 5811:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update - Cholera in Yemen 16 December 2018 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 5721:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 7 December 2018 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 5695:"WHO EMRO - Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 8 November 2018 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 5666:"WHO EMRO - Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 11 October 2018 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 5536:"WHO EMRO - Outbreak update - cholera in Yemen, 1 February 2018 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 5510:"WHO EMRO - Outbreak update - cholera in Yemen, 18 January 2018 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 5144:"WHO EMRO - Weekly update: cholera cases in Yemen, 7 March 2017 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 4746: 3528: 6951:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 5 January 2020 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 6651:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 6 October 2019 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 6561:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 25 August 2019 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 6531:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update - Cholera in Yemen, 18 August 2019 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 6501:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update - Cholera in Yemen, 11 August 2019 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 5871:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 6 January 2019 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 5196:
http://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/cholera/weekly-update-cholera-in-yemen-20-may-2017.html
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Al-Gheethi A, Noman E, Jeremiah David B, Mohamed R, Abdullah AH, Nagapan S, Hashim Mohd A (October 2018).
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Al-Gheethi A, Noman E, Jeremiah David B, Mohamed R, Abdullah AH, Nagapan S, Hashim Mohd A (October 2018).
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billion for underfunded humanitarian programs run by UN agencies and humanitarian organizations in Yemen.
9724: 9718: 9512: 9482: 9292: 9262: 9142: 8918: 8651: 8325: 7676: 7311:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 2 August 2020 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 6471:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update - Cholera in Yemen, 4 August 2019 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 6081:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update - Cholera in Yemen, 28 April 2019 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 6051:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 14 April 2019 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 6021:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update - Cholera in Yemen, 07 April 2019 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 2509: 853:
An aid conference was held in Geneva in April 2017 that raised half of the US$ 2.1 billion that the
7281:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 26 July 2020 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 7251:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 19 July 2020 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 7221:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 12 July 2020 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 7191:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 28 June 2020 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 7161:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 21 June 2020 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 7131:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 14 June 2020 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 6411:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update - Cholera in Yemen, 21 July 2019 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 6351:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update - Cholera in Yemen, 30 June 2019 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 6321:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update - Cholera in Yemen, 23 June 2019 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 6291:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update - Cholera in Yemen, 16 June 2019 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 5640:"WHO EMRO - Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 19 July 2018 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 5588:"WHO EMRO - Outbreak update – cholera in Yemen, 5 April 2018 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 5562:"WHO EMRO - Outbreak update – cholera in Yemen, 1 March 2018 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 2817: 9791: 9304: 8973: 8943: 8520: 8387: 7891: 7829: 7731: 7569: 7431: 7101:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 7 June 2020 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 7071:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 24 May 2020 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 7041:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 17 May 2020 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 6441:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update - Cholera in Yemen 28 July 2019 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 6381:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update - Cholera in Yemen, 7 July 2019 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 6261:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update - Cholera in Yemen, 9 June 2019 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 6231:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update - Cholera in Yemen, 2 June 2019 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 6201:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update - Cholera in Yemen, 26 May 2019 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 6171:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update - Cholera in Yemen, 19 May 2019 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 6141:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update - Cholera in Yemen, 12 May 2019 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 5481:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 31 May 2018 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 4653:"UK renews push to tackle world's worst cholera outbreak in Yemen: We Will Respond as Soon as Possible" 3621:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update – Cholera in Yemen, 31 May 2020 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 3116: 2214: 743: 6111:"WHO EMRO | Outbreak update - Cholera in Yemen, 5 May 2019 | Cholera | Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 5614:"WHO EMRO - Outbreak update – cholera in Yemen, 3 May 2018 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 5397:"WHO EMRO - Weekly update - cholera in Yemen, 27 July 2017 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 5371:"WHO EMRO - Weekly update - cholera in Yemen, 18 July 2017 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 5319:"WHO EMRO - Weekly update - cholera in Yemen, 29 June 2017 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 5293:"WHO EMRO - Weekly update - cholera in Yemen, 22 June 2017 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 5267:"WHO EMRO - Weekly update - cholera in Yemen, 15 June 2017 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 5241:"WHO EMRO - Weekly update - cholera in Yemen, 10 June 2017 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 4215: 2402:"WHO EMRO Outbreak update - cholera in Yemen, 19 December 2017 Cholera Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 149:
million cases reported, and more than 4,000 people have died in the Yemen cholera outbreak, which the
9028: 8691: 7930: 7911: 7686: 7631: 7586: 5345:"WHO EMRO - Weekly update - cholera in Yemen, 6 July 2017 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 5215:"WHO EMRO - Weekly update - cholera in Yemen, 20 May 2017 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 782: 471: 439: 366:
Visualization showing the progression of the cholera outbreak in Yemen, from May 2017 – February 2018
186: 5118:"WHO EMRO - Update on cholera in Yemen, 26 February 2017 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 9696: 9678: 8665: 8625: 8540: 8304: 8180: 7906: 7701: 7621: 7574: 7529: 7436: 767: 747: 582: 320: 4962:"WHO EMRO - Additional cholera cases reported in Yemen - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 632:- are present in this wastewater, and transmit to humans when they consume foods irrigated by it. 9786: 9781: 9702: 9606: 9600: 8967: 8900: 8882: 8706: 8617: 7824: 4988:"WHO EMRO - Update on cholera cases reported in Yemen - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 400: 374:(WHO EMRO) considered the outbreak to be unusual in its rapid and wide geographical spread. The 87: 4936:"WHO EMRO - Cholera cases in Yemen, 24 November 2016 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 4884:"WHO EMRO - Cholera update in Yemen, 6 November 2016 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 4829:"WHO EMRO - Cholera update in Yemen, 23 October 2016 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 4099:
Camacho A, Bouhenia M, Alyusfi R, Alkohlani A, Naji MA, de Radiguès X, et al. (June 2018).
3868: 354:. Total cost, including delivery costs, of oral cholera vaccination is under US$ 10 per person. 9648: 9594: 9408: 8999: 8985: 8802: 8612: 7726: 7651: 7474: 7446: 4910:"WHO EMRO - Cholera update, Yemen, 17 November 2016 - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 2980:"Cholera – Vibrio cholerae infection Information for Public Health & Medical Professionals" 671: 9630: 9588: 9166: 8599: 8113: 8052: 7983: 7721: 7661: 7656: 7564: 7554: 7504: 7451: 4005:
Weill FX, Domman D, Njamkepo E, Almesbahi AA, Naji M, Nasher SS, et al. (January 2019).
604: 569: 487: 482:
of 0.6%. On 14 August 2017 the WHO updated the number of suspected cholera cases to 500,000.
424: 308: 225: 214: 8088:
List of aviation shootdowns and accidents during the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen
2929:
Finkelstein R (1996). "Cholera, Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139, and Other Pathogenic Vibrios".
9237: 9034: 8979: 8894: 7781: 7606: 4018: 3969: 774:
tablets, in addition to sending engineers to help restore water distribution in Yemen. The
396: 5423:"WHO EMRO - Outbreak update - cholera in Yemen - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 8: 9470: 9100: 8865: 8818: 8812: 8592: 8032: 7993: 7601: 839: 288: 4803:"WHO EMRO - Update on cholera cases in Yemen - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 4066: 4022: 3973: 2718:"Access to water continues to be jeopardized for millions of children in war-torn Yemen" 808:(Doctors Without Borders) said it treated at least 103,000 individuals in 37 locations. 9451: 9358: 9106: 8937: 8906: 8699: 8466: 8057: 8042: 7988: 7940: 7716: 7696: 4478: 4349: 4322: 4298: 4273: 4125: 4100: 4039: 4006: 3086: 3061: 2979: 2595: 2568: 2315: 2288: 479: 466:
During May 2017, 74,311 suspected cases, including 605 deaths, were reported. By June,
404: 245: 4116: 3668: 3651: 3465: 3383: 3360: 3343: 3077: 248:, have clashed with forces loyal to the government of Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi, based in 41: 9708: 9189: 8854: 8791: 8672: 8556: 8515: 7896: 7776: 7706: 7691: 7666: 7646: 7423: 4615: 4354: 4303: 4130: 4044: 3987: 3850: 3786: 3683: 3365: 3091: 3035: 2946: 2936: 2600: 2491: 2320: 558: 420: 412: 328: 303:
lasting a few days. Diarrhea can be so severe that it leads, within hours, to severe
292: 3845: 3820: 9690: 8824: 8779: 8730: 8484: 8106: 8037: 7969: 7881: 7858: 7514: 4344: 4334: 4293: 4285: 4120: 4112: 4034: 4026: 3977: 3840: 3832: 3776: 3733:"Saudi Arabia delaying aid to Yemen is 'killing children', warns Save the Children" 3673: 3663: 3355: 3081: 3073: 2590: 2580: 2481: 2310: 2300: 794: 614: 594: 428: 416: 392: 362: 275: 7361: 9274: 8830: 8785: 8758: 8642: 8606: 8510: 8221: 8185: 8148: 8047: 8023: 7978: 7935: 7867: 7711: 7494: 5202: 3982: 3957: 2209: 790: 624: 408: 380: 343: 283: 271: 166: 68: 4272:
Ali Maher O, Pichierri G, Farina G, Panu Napodano CM, Bellizzi S (August 2020).
3586:"Suspected cholera cases in Yemen surpass one million, reports UN health agency" 2790: 478:
By 4 July 2017, there were 269,608 cases and the death toll was at 1,614 with a
8766: 8571: 8530: 7741: 7596: 7489: 4507:"Yemen's man-made cholera crisis is set to become the worst outbreak on record" 4339: 3556:"Yemen's man-made cholera crisis is set to become the worst outbreak on record" 2847: 2618: 886: 854: 842:, authorized a donation in excess of $ 66 million for cholera relief in Yemen. 724: 629: 498: 339: 150: 4777:"WHO EMRO - Cholera cases in Yemen - Cholera - Epidemic and pandemic diseases" 4030: 3913:
Al-Gheethi AA. "Reduction of bacteria in storage system of sewage effluents".
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The treatment processes used are also suboptimal, with 68% of STPs using only
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Prevention methods against cholera include improved sanitation and access to
316: 8479: 8226: 8211: 8201: 8003: 7998: 4358: 4307: 4134: 4048: 3991: 3854: 3790: 3687: 3678: 3369: 3095: 3039: 3020: 2950: 2754:"Yemen's cholera outbreak now the worst in history as millionth case looms" 2604: 2495: 2324: 834: 658: 510: 324: 257: 644: 9660: 8848: 8525: 8489: 8247: 8216: 8013: 8008: 7875: 4289: 3821:"A review of potential factors contributing to epidemic cholera in Yemen" 3765:"A review of potential factors contributing to epidemic cholera in Yemen" 2692:"Thousands in Yemen get sick in an entirely preventable cholera outbreak" 2486: 2469: 2287:
Raslan R, El Sayegh S, Chams S, Chams N, Leone A, Hajj Hussein I (2017).
551: 304: 296: 4474:"Saudis, at War in Yemen, Give Country $ 66.7 Million in Cholera Relief" 3836: 3781: 3764: 2900:"Yemeni leader Hadi leaves country as Saudi Arabia keeps up air strikes" 395:. By the end of October, cases had been reported in the governorates of 9225: 9073: 8561: 4373:"50 suspected cholera cases every hour for five years in Yemen - Oxfam" 2619:"Humanitarian crisis in Yemen remains the worst in the world, warns UN" 902: 332: 197: 8721: 4608:"U.S. Cuts Health Care Aid to Yemen Despite Worries About Coronavirus" 4101:"Cholera epidemic in Yemen, 2016-18: an analysis of surveillance data" 213:
had a population of 25 million and was geographically divided into 22
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Harris JB, LaRocque RC, Qadri F, Ryan ET, Calderwood SB (June 2012).
589:, which is hazardous to health and can enable the spread of cholera. 388: 267: 241: 3818: 3762: 9580: 8726: 8722: 2873: 771: 763: 586: 375: 351: 312: 300: 279: 3707:. Médecins Sans Frontières–Doctors Without Borders. 12 June 2018. 8129: 4717:"World Bank Mobilizes US$ 200 Million to Combat Cholera in Yemen" 4406:"Canada pledges $ 40M to 'avert catastrophe' in Yemen | CBC News" 4152:"What's really stopping a cholera vaccination campaign in Yemen?" 2903: 347: 263: 237: 141: 57: 4537:"Yemen: Over 460K cases of cholera registered to date this year" 2569:"The cholera outbreak in Yemen: lessons learned and way forward" 564: 8154: 7921: 4098: 4007:"Genomic insights into the 2016-2017 cholera epidemic in Yemen" 3898:
Al-Gheethi AA. "Management of wet market wastewater in Yemen".
890: 822: 798: 467: 432: 229: 182: 4274:"COVID-19 Response and Complex Emergencies: The Case of Yemen" 665: 4443:"Yemen: UN makes urgent funding plea as vital operations end" 3344:"The political determinants of the cholera outbreak in Yemen" 483: 233: 210: 145: 4684:"UK deploys new model to predict cholera outbreaks in Yemen" 4004: 762:
have supported 17 treatment centers with supplies including
4207: 3652:"Ongoing threat of a large-scale measles outbreak in Yemen" 3239:"Update on the cholera situation in Yemen, 30 October 2016" 2870:"Yemeni's Abed Rabbo Mansour Hadi arrives in Saudi capital" 2846:. Council on Foreign Relations. 8 July 2015. Archived from 906: 797:
locations, to treat 700,000 reported cases of the illness.
786: 523: 249: 8098: 3384:"Yemen cholera epidemic strain 'came from eastern Africa'" 3181:"Yemen: Cholera outbreak response: Situation report No. 3" 2286: 2231: 2229: 3869:"Population growth (annual %) - Yemen, Rep. | Data" 861:
far received 15% of the necessary $ 3.5 billion needed.
3705:"Yemen: Airstrike hits cholera treatment center in Abs" 3111: 3109: 3107: 3105: 3059: 2339:"Yemen: Health Cluster Bulletin, December 2020 - Yemen" 244:, and allied with forces loyal to the former president 2226: 542:
Doctors Without Borders reported that a Saudi Arabian
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The earliest cases were predominantly in the capital,
4208:"Yemen: WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard" 2470:"Cholera in Yemen - An Old Foe Rearing Its Ugly Head" 3102: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2739: 877:
which is less populous, still received aid dollars.
27:
Outbreak of cholera in the war-torn country of Yemen
7391: 2935:. University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston. 4067:"The horrors of Yemen's spiralling cholera crisis" 3731: 3529:"More Than 500,000 Infected With Cholera in Yemen" 3341: 3146: 3144: 3466:"Yemen faces world's worst cholera outbreak – UN" 2736: 2467: 372:WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean 9738: 8083:Reactions to the Saudi-led military intervention 4320: 4278:Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 3915:Journal of Sustainable Water Resource Management 3317:"Weekly update – cholera in Yemen, 22 June 2017" 3309: 3205: 4878: 4876: 4146: 4144: 3406: 3283: 3257: 3231: 3141: 7772:Saudi-led intervention in the Yemeni civil war 5689: 5687: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2468:Qadri F, Islam T, Clemens JD (November 2017). 895:International Organisation for Migration (IOM) 509:UNICEF and the WHO attributed the outbreak to 9712: 8707: 8114: 7377: 5446: 5444: 4751:The Global Alliance Against Cholera (G.A.A.C) 4060: 4058: 3342:Kennedy J, Harmer A, McCoy D (October 2017). 2974: 2972: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2779: 2566: 2562: 2560: 2558: 2556: 2554: 2552: 2550: 565:Wastewater and solid waste management systems 438:Using genomic sequencing, researchers at the 8078:United States–Houthi conflict (2023–present) 7470:Shabwah Governorate offensive (2014–present) 4873: 4141: 3416:. WHO EMRO. 26 February 2017. Archived from 3267:. WHO EMRO. 24 November 2016. Archived from 2548: 2546: 2544: 2542: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2534: 2532: 2530: 201:Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of 7767:Foreign involvement in the Yemeni civil war 5684: 4323:"COVID-19 in Yemen: a crisis within crises" 3649: 3241:. WHO EMRO. 30 October 2016. Archived from 3215:. WHO EMRO. 10 October 2016. Archived from 2928: 2710: 2685: 2683: 2681: 2679: 2641: 666:Health services and infrastructure collapse 516: 8714: 8700: 8121: 8107: 7540:September 2015 Marib Tochka missile attack 7384: 7370: 5441: 4327:International Journal for Equity in Health 4055: 3440:"UN: 1,310 dead in Yemen cholera epidemic" 3265:"Cholera cases in Yemen, 24 November 2016" 3175: 3173: 3053: 3015: 3013: 3011: 3009: 3007: 3005: 2984:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2969: 2776: 445: 171:Airstrikes damaged hospital infrastructure 40: 8895:"Cocoliztli" epidemics in colonial Mexico 7442:Aftermath of the Houthi takeover in Yemen 4498: 4471: 4348: 4338: 4297: 4124: 4038: 3981: 3844: 3780: 3677: 3667: 3526: 3432: 3359: 3085: 2594: 2584: 2527: 2485: 2314: 2304: 319:may also occur. The primary treatment is 7787:United Arab Emirates takeover of Socotra 4605: 4504: 3553: 3547: 3186:. WHO EMRO. 12 June 2017. Archived from 2922: 2862: 2676: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2282: 2280: 2278: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2270: 2268: 899:Department for International Development 760:International Committee of the Red Cross 753: 679:International Committee of the Red Cross 643: 568: 504: 361: 196: 7500:Saudi Arabian–led intervention in Yemen 4184:. WHO EMRO. 10 May 2018. Archived from 3729: 3520: 3496:"Epidemiology bulletin 26, 4 July 2017" 3291:"Weekly update: cholera cases in Yemen" 3170: 3152:"Weekly update: cholera cases in Yemen" 3002: 2793:(Press release). UNICEF. 24 June 2017. 2445: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2437: 2435: 2433: 2431: 2429: 2427: 254:Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen 163:Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen 84:Saudi Arabian–led intervention in Yemen 14: 9739: 8567:Cholera Monument Grounds and Clay Wood 7842:War crimes and human rights violations 4711: 4709: 4453:from the original on 29 September 2020 4437: 4435: 4433: 4431: 4400: 4398: 4064: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3939: 3927: 3912: 3897: 3021:"Cholera vaccines: WHO position paper" 2815: 2689: 710: 8962:Great Plague in the late Ming dynasty 8695: 8102: 7365: 7347:from the original on 31 December 2022 6991:from the original on 22 November 2020 5701:from the original on 29 November 2018 5672:from the original on 29 November 2018 5646:from the original on 29 November 2018 5620:from the original on 29 November 2018 5594:from the original on 29 November 2018 5568:from the original on 29 November 2018 5542:from the original on 29 November 2018 5516:from the original on 29 November 2018 5475: 5473: 4757:from the original on 15 February 2023 4747:"Continued cholera epidemic in Yemen" 4727:from the original on 28 November 2020 4681: 4647: 4645: 4643: 4641: 4626:from the original on 11 November 2020 4601: 4599: 4597: 4582:from the original on 19 November 2020 4566: 4564: 4562: 4547:from the original on 15 February 2023 4517:from the original on 29 December 2017 4383:from the original on 11 November 2020 4321:Mousavi SM, Anjomshoa M (July 2020). 4253:from the original on 10 November 2020 4237: 4235: 4233: 4094: 4092: 3814: 3812: 3810: 3808: 3806: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3699: 3697: 3615: 3613: 3611: 3566:from the original on 29 December 2017 2957:from the original on 1 September 2017 2910:from the original on 30 November 2021 2892: 2751: 2629:from the original on 27 December 2021 2567:Federspiel F, Ali M (December 2018). 2349:from the original on 15 February 2021 2265: 746:is part of the worldwide pandemic of 7525:Shabwah campaign (March–August 2015) 7321:from the original on 13 October 2020 7291:from the original on 9 November 2020 7261:from the original on 9 November 2020 7171:from the original on 8 November 2020 7141:from the original on 6 November 2020 6391:from the original on 1 November 2020 6361:from the original on 6 November 2020 6331:from the original on 4 November 2020 6271:from the original on 4 November 2020 6241:from the original on 5 November 2020 6211:from the original on 4 November 2020 6181:from the original on 7 November 2020 6151:from the original on 25 January 2021 6121:from the original on 7 November 2020 6091:from the original on 5 November 2020 6031:from the original on 8 November 2020 6001:from the original on 7 November 2020 5971:from the original on 7 November 2020 5941:from the original on 7 November 2020 5881:from the original on 8 November 2020 5851:from the original on 8 November 2020 5761:from the original on 8 November 2020 5487:from the original on 1 November 2018 5458:from the original on 1 December 2018 5429:from the original on 1 December 2018 5403:from the original on 1 December 2018 5377:from the original on 1 December 2018 5351:from the original on 1 December 2018 5325:from the original on 1 December 2018 5299:from the original on 1 December 2018 5273:from the original on 1 December 2018 5247:from the original on 1 December 2018 5221:from the original on 1 December 2018 5176:from the original on 1 December 2018 5150:from the original on 1 December 2018 5124:from the original on 1 December 2018 5098:from the original on 1 December 2018 5072:from the original on 1 December 2018 5046:from the original on 1 December 2018 5020:from the original on 1 December 2018 4994:from the original on 1 December 2018 4968:from the original on 1 December 2018 4942:from the original on 1 December 2018 4916:from the original on 1 December 2018 4890:from the original on 1 December 2018 4861:from the original on 1 December 2018 4835:from the original on 1 December 2018 4809:from the original on 1 December 2018 4783:from the original on 1 December 2018 4694:from the original on 9 December 2020 4663:from the original on 6 December 2020 4416:from the original on 7 November 2020 4162:from the original on 11 October 2018 3879:from the original on 28 October 2020 3631:from the original on 5 February 2021 2625:. United Nations. 14 February 2019. 2424: 2412:from the original on 1 December 2018 2382:from the original on 9 November 2020 2366: 2364: 737: 175:water supply and sanitation in Yemen 7580:December 2016 Aden suicide bombings 7081:from the original on 12 August 2020 7051:from the original on 26 August 2020 7021:from the original on 12 August 2020 6961:from the original on 12 August 2020 6871:from the original on 12 August 2020 6841:from the original on 12 August 2020 6811:from the original on 12 August 2020 6781:from the original on 12 August 2020 6751:from the original on 12 August 2020 6721:from the original on 12 August 2020 6691:from the original on 12 August 2020 6661:from the original on 12 August 2020 6631:from the original on 12 August 2020 6571:from the original on 12 August 2020 6541:from the original on 12 August 2020 6511:from the original on 12 August 2020 6481:from the original on 12 August 2020 6451:from the original on 12 August 2020 6301:from the original on 8 January 2021 5911:from the original on 12 August 2020 5821:from the original on 12 August 2020 5791:from the original on 12 August 2020 5731:from the original on 12 August 2020 4706: 4428: 4395: 3955: 3936: 3535:from the original on 15 August 2017 3394:from the original on 17 August 2021 3049:from the original on 13 April 2015. 3028:Relevé Épidémiologique Hebdomadaire 2664:from the original on 17 August 2021 2474:The New England Journal of Medicine 811: 533: 460:The New England Journal of Medicine 24: 7510:Abyan campaign (March–August 2015) 7343:. World Health Organization EMRO. 6061:from the original on 21 April 2019 5470: 4638: 4594: 4559: 4230: 4218:from the original on 16 April 2020 4089: 3797: 3694: 3608: 3129:from the original on 14 March 2019 2990:from the original on 20 March 2015 2880:from the original on 22 April 2019 2824:from the original on 27 March 2015 2764:from the original on 23 March 2018 2253:from the original on 10 March 2021 789:) units, explored the use of oral 325:slightly sweet and salty solutions 25: 9818: 7672:Abha International Airport attack 7592:December 2015 Taiz missile attack 7231:from the original on 25 July 2022 7201:from the original on 18 July 2020 7111:from the original on 25 July 2022 6931:from the original on 18 July 2020 6901:from the original on 18 July 2020 6601:from the original on 14 July 2020 6421:from the original on 28 June 2020 4077:from the original on 25 June 2017 3711:from the original on 28 June 2018 3596:from the original on 4 April 2018 3476:from the original on 25 June 2017 3446:from the original on 25 June 2017 3323:from the original on 28 June 2017 2724:from the original on 25 July 2018 2698:from the original on 25 July 2018 2361: 880: 848: 103:(7 years and 11 months) 9667:encephalitis lethargica epidemic 7550:October 2015 Aden missile attack 7333: 7303: 7273: 7243: 7213: 7183: 7153: 7123: 7093: 7063: 7033: 7003: 6973: 6943: 6913: 6883: 6853: 6823: 6793: 6763: 6733: 6703: 6673: 6643: 6613: 6583: 6553: 6523: 6493: 6463: 6433: 6403: 6373: 6343: 6313: 6283: 6253: 6223: 6193: 6163: 6133: 6103: 6073: 6043: 6013: 5983: 5953: 5923: 5893: 5863: 5833: 5803: 5773: 5743: 5713: 5658: 5632: 5606: 5580: 5554: 5528: 5502: 4505:McKernan B (29 September 2017). 4486:from the original on 1 July 2017 3650:Qirbi N, Ismail SA (July 2016). 3554:McKernan B (29 September 2017). 3158:from the original on 22 May 2017 2797:from the original on 2 July 2017 2189: 2179: 901:(DFID) has also worked with the 864: 323:—the replacement of fluids with 295:that has been contaminated with 35:2016–2021 Yemen cholera outbreak 9445:Gorakhpur Japanese encephalitis 8742:List of epidemics and pandemics 7949:Supreme Revolutionary Committee 7612:Southern Abyan Offensive (2016) 7393:Yemeni civil war (2014–present) 5415: 5389: 5363: 5337: 5311: 5285: 5259: 5233: 5207: 5188: 5162: 5136: 5110: 5084: 5058: 5032: 5006: 4980: 4954: 4928: 4902: 4847: 4821: 4795: 4769: 4739: 4675: 4529: 4465: 4365: 4314: 4265: 4200: 4174: 3998: 3921: 3906: 3891: 3861: 3756: 3744:from the original on 1 May 2022 3723: 3643: 3578: 3527:McNeil Jr DG (14 August 2017). 3488: 3458: 3376: 3335: 3297:from the original on 6 May 2017 2836: 2809: 829: 701: 419:and, by late November, also in 240:forces controlling the capital 113:2,510,806 through December 2020 7627:May 2016 Yemen police bombings 3293:. WHO EMRO. 22 December 2016. 2694:. Public Radio International. 2611: 2502: 2394: 2331: 776:International Rescue Committee 92:Famine in Yemen (2016–present) 18:2016–20 Yemen cholera outbreak 13: 1: 8770: 7902:Southern Transitional Council 7747:Operation Prosperity Guardian 7737:2022 Southern Yemen offensive 7520:Houthi–Saudi Arabian conflict 4117:10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30230-4 3669:10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30070-5 3361:10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30332-7 3154:. WHO EMRO. 15 January 2017. 3078:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60436-x 2220: 926: 917: 192: 8372:1992 (Aerolíneas Argentinas) 7637:2016 Sanaa funeral airstrike 7535:Taiz campaign (2015–present) 7479:2015 Sanaa mosque bombings: 4606:LaForgia M (28 March 2020). 4472:Gladstone R (23 June 2017). 3983:10.1016/j.envres.2019.108571 3414:"Update on cholera in Yemen" 3117:"Cholera situation in Yemen" 2510:"Cholera – Global situation" 2237:"CHOLERA SITUATION IN YEMEN" 722:Federspiel and Ali write in 654:El Niño–Southern Oscillation 550:cholera treatment center in 7: 9802:Man-made disasters in Yemen 8652:Love in the Time of Cholera 8438:2022–2024 (Southern Africa) 8128: 7835:Water supply and sanitation 7677:Battle of the Jabara Valley 3825:Journal of Water and Health 3769:Journal of Water and Health 2752:Lyons K (12 October 2017). 2203: 857:(UN) estimated was needed. 357: 256:was launched in 2015, with 10: 9823: 9807:Disease outbreaks in Yemen 9797:Yemeni humanitarian crisis 9555:2024 Latin American dengue 9335:Western African meningitis 9149:Pacific Northwest smallpox 7732:2022 Jeddah missile attack 7682:2019 Abqaiq–Khurais attack 7617:Abyan conflict (2016–2018) 7545:Aden unrest (2015–present) 7432:Houthi insurgency in Yemen 4682:Noden A (28 August 2018). 4340:10.1186/s12939-020-01231-2 3730:Osborne S (1 March 2017). 3501:. WHO-EMRO. Archived from 3319:. WHO EMRO. 22 June 2017. 3034:(13): 117–28. March 2010. 2816:Orkaby A (25 March 2015). 2293:Frontiers in Public Health 2215:COVID-19 pandemic in Yemen 744:COVID-19 pandemic in Yemen 690:Frontiers in Public Health 639: 287:. It is spread mostly by 169:that began in March 2015. 101:October 2016–November 2021 9579: 9255: 9176: 9161:Buenos Aires yellow fever 9081: 9072: 9059:Philadelphia yellow fever 9029:Great Plague of Marseille 9023:Great Northern War plague 9017:Iceland smallpox epidemic 9009: 8930: 8875: 8864: 8801: 8757: 8750: 8737: 8584: 8549: 8503: 8465: 8380: 8359: 8313: 8267: 8260: 8240: 8194: 8176: 8169: 8143: 8136: 8070: 8022: 7968: 7961: 7931:Supreme Political Council 7920: 7912:National Hadhrami Council 7857: 7850: 7797: 7757: 7687:January 2020 Marib attack 7632:June 2016 Mukalla attacks 7570:23 May 2016 Aden bombings 7460: 7422: 7399: 4105:The Lancet. Global Health 4065:Bruwer J (25 June 2017). 4031:10.1038/s41586-018-0818-3 3930:Water Practice Technology 3656:The Lancet. Global Health 3348:The Lancet. Global Health 2586:10.1186/s12889-018-6227-6 816: 783:World Health Organization 440:Wellcome Sanger Institute 391:, with some occurring in 187:World Health Organization 127: 117: 107: 97: 75: 63: 53: 47:Map of Yemen on the globe 39: 34: 9725:Mpox (clade Ib) epidemic 9719:Mpox (clade II) outbreak 9679:Seventh cholera pandemic 8666:The Horseman on the Roof 8181:Oral rehydration therapy 7702:August 2020 Marib attack 7622:Battle of Mukalla (2016) 7575:August 2016 Aden bombing 7530:Battle of Mukalla (2015) 7437:Houthi takeover in Yemen 3956:Paz S (September 2019). 3213:"Cholera cases in Yemen" 2720:. UNICEF. 24 July 2018. 2690:Snyder S (15 May 2017). 2306:10.3389/fpubh.2017.00283 943:Suspected cholera cases 806:Médecins Sans Frontières 768:oral rehydration therapy 748:coronavirus disease 2019 548:Médecins Sans Frontières 517:Pre-civil war conditions 321:oral rehydration therapy 9637:Fourth cholera pandemic 9619:Second cholera pandemic 9465:Équateur province Ebola 9053:North American smallpox 8968:Great Plague of Seville 8398:2009 (Papua New Guinea) 7825:Refugees on Jeju Island 7820:Airstrikes on hospitals 5201:3 November 2018 at the 946:Cholera-related deaths 770:supplies, antibiotics, 446:Morbidity and mortality 384:O1 involved is Ougawa. 88:Saudi Blockade of Yemen 9777:2022 disease outbreaks 9772:2021 disease outbreaks 9767:2020 disease outbreaks 9762:2019 disease outbreaks 9757:2018 disease outbreaks 9752:2017 disease outbreaks 9747:2016 disease outbreaks 9655:Sixth cholera pandemic 9643:Fifth cholera pandemic 9625:Third cholera pandemic 9613:First cholera pandemic 9595:Second plague pandemic 9155:Barcelona yellow fever 9000:Great Plague of Vienna 8986:Great Plague of London 8956:Massachusetts smallpox 8321:1832 (Lord Wellington) 7742:Red Sea Crisis (2023-) 7727:Saada prison airstrike 7652:Battle of Sanaa (2017) 7475:Battle of Aden Airport 7447:Battle of Sanaa (2014) 3962:Environmental Research 3122:. WHO EMRO. May 2017. 869:On April 3, 2018, the 735: 699: 672:Yemeni health services 649: 628:- among other harmful 615:Salmonella  typhi 610:Enterobacter aerogenes 600:Streptococcus faecalis 574: 367: 206: 9631:Third plague pandemic 9589:First plague pandemic 9383:Western African Ebola 9293:Chikungunya outbreaks 9245:Malaysian Nipah virus 9113:Great Plains smallpox 8600:Memories and Vagaries 8336:1849-1850 (Tennessee) 8053:Abdul-Malik al-Houthi 7984:Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi 7722:2022 Abu Dhabi attack 7662:Battle of Al Hudaydah 7657:Battle of Aden (2018) 7565:2016 Aden car bombing 7560:Aden Christian attack 7555:2015 Aden car bombing 7505:Battle of Aden (2015) 7452:Human rights in Yemen 5194:Back-calculated from 754:Humanitarian activity 730: 694: 647: 605:Klebsiella pneumoniae 572: 505:Causes and challenges 488:2010 Haiti earthquake 365: 331:may be required, and 309:electrolyte imbalance 226:Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi 200: 9691:Russian flu pandemic 9433:Angolan yellow fever 9184:San Francisco plague 9137:Broad Street cholera 9035:Great Plague of 1738 8475:Chicago cholera myth 8423:2018–2019 (Zimbabwe) 8367:1913 (Romanian Army) 7782:Yemeni peace process 7607:Hadramaut Insurgency 4290:10.1017/dmp.2020.271 3592:. 22 December 2017. 2932:Medical microbiology 2487:10.1056/NEJMp1712099 2345:. 15 February 2021. 821:As of June 2, 2020, 546:airstrike hit a new 524:water and sanitation 9597:(1348–19th century) 9525:New Zealand measles 9353:Darfur yellow fever 9196:LA pneumonic plague 8813:Plague of Justinian 8593:Mastro-don Gesualdo 8585:Cultural depictions 8443:2023 (South Africa) 8408:2012 (Sierra Leone) 8351:1854 (Broad Street) 8033:Saleh Ali al-Sammad 7994:Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar 7805:Humanitarian crisis 7602:Battle of Port Midi 7341:"Cholera outbreaks" 4377:Oxfam International 4158:. 17 October 2017. 4023:2019Natur.565..230W 3974:2019ER....176j8571P 3837:10.2166/wh.2018.113 3782:10.2166/wh.2018.113 3508:on 14 February 2019 3072:(9835): 2466–2476. 2820:. Foreign Affairs. 936: 840:Mohammed bin Salman 711:Lack of vaccination 583:stabilization ponds 335:may be beneficial. 327:. In severe cases, 9607:Influenza pandemic 9601:Influenza pandemic 9549:Bangsamoro measles 9531:Singaporean dengue 9495:Pacific NW measles 9489:Philippine measles 9477:Madagascar measles 9459:Kerala Nipah virus 9452:Saudi Arabian MERS 9365:Singaporean dengue 9311:Zimbabwean cholera 9281:Singaporean dengue 9125:Copenhagen cholera 9107:Groningen epidemic 8901:Influenza pandemic 8883:Influenza pandemic 8453:2023–2024 (Zambia) 8413:2014–2015 (Africa) 8058:Ali Abdullah Saleh 8043:Mohammed al-Houthi 7989:Mahmoud al-Subaihi 7892:Popular Committees 7887:Popular Resistance 7878:loyalist defectors 7717:2021 Aden bombings 7697:Al Bayda offensive 4612:The New York Times 4479:The New York Times 4188:on 2 November 2018 3873:data.worldbank.org 3390:. 3 January 2019. 2986:. 6 January 2015. 2244:WHO OCHA reliefweb 935: 650: 575: 480:case fatality rate 368: 329:intravenous fluids 246:Ali Abdullah Saleh 207: 9792:Cholera outbreaks 9734: 9733: 9575: 9574: 9571: 9570: 9507:Kuala Koh measles 9421:South Korean MERS 9409:Polio declaration 9397:Madagascar plague 9329:Gujarat hepatitis 9317:Madagascar plague 9269:Midwest monkeypox 9220:Yugoslav smallpox 9190:Manchurian plague 9131:Stockholm cholera 9068: 9067: 8855:Sweating sickness 8843:Japanese smallpox 8792:Plague of Cyprian 8731:disease outbreaks 8689: 8688: 8580: 8579: 8557:Broad Street Pump 8516:Waldemar Haffkine 8461: 8460: 8418:2016–2022 (Yemen) 8341:1853 (Copenhagen) 8256: 8255: 8165: 8164: 8096: 8095: 8066: 8065: 7957: 7956: 7897:Southern Movement 7777:Blockade of Yemen 7707:2020 Aden attacks 7692:Al-Jawf offensive 7667:Dahyan air strike 7647:Raid on Al Hathla 7587:Zinjibar and Jaar 4447:www.aljazeera.com 4379:. 24 March 2020. 4017:(7738): 230–233. 3354:(10): e970–e971. 2906:. 26 March 2015. 2876:. 26 March 2015. 2844:"Yemen in Crisis" 2660:. 13 April 2021. 2573:BMC Public Health 2480:(21): 2005–2007. 2246:. December 2020. 2175: 2174: 738:COVID-19 pandemic 725:BMC Public Health 559:Save the Children 557:Grant Pritchard, 159:ongoing civil war 134: 133: 16:(Redirected from 9814: 9714: 9501:New York measles 9455: 9415:Indian swine flu 9403:Odisha hepatitis 9393: 9347:Pakistani dengue 9299:Pakistani dengue 9248: 9214:Wrocław smallpox 9167:Hong Kong plague 9101:Caragea's plague 9079: 9078: 8996: 8889:Mexican smallpox 8873: 8872: 8825:Plague of Sheroe 8780:Plague of Athens 8775: 8772: 8755: 8754: 8716: 8709: 8702: 8693: 8692: 8626:The Painted Veil 8501: 8500: 8485:Cholera Hospital 8428:2020 (Bengaluru) 8346:1853 (Stockholm) 8331:1833 (Lexington) 8265: 8264: 8241:Fluoroquinolones 8174: 8173: 8141: 8140: 8123: 8116: 8109: 8100: 8099: 8038:Mohamed al-Atifi 7966: 7965: 7907:Republican Guard 7855: 7854: 7815:Cholera outbreak 7515:Lahij insurgency 7386: 7379: 7372: 7363: 7362: 7357: 7356: 7354: 7352: 7337: 7331: 7330: 7328: 7326: 7315:www.emro.who.int 7307: 7301: 7300: 7298: 7296: 7285:www.emro.who.int 7277: 7271: 7270: 7268: 7266: 7255:www.emro.who.int 7247: 7241: 7240: 7238: 7236: 7225:www.emro.who.int 7217: 7211: 7210: 7208: 7206: 7195:www.emro.who.int 7187: 7181: 7180: 7178: 7176: 7165:www.emro.who.int 7157: 7151: 7150: 7148: 7146: 7135:www.emro.who.int 7127: 7121: 7120: 7118: 7116: 7105:www.emro.who.int 7097: 7091: 7090: 7088: 7086: 7075:www.emro.who.int 7067: 7061: 7060: 7058: 7056: 7045:www.emro.who.int 7037: 7031: 7030: 7028: 7026: 7015:www.emro.who.int 7007: 7001: 7000: 6998: 6996: 6985:www.emro.who.int 6977: 6971: 6970: 6968: 6966: 6955:www.emro.who.int 6947: 6941: 6940: 6938: 6936: 6925:www.emro.who.int 6917: 6911: 6910: 6908: 6906: 6895:www.emro.who.int 6887: 6881: 6880: 6878: 6876: 6865:www.emro.who.int 6857: 6851: 6850: 6848: 6846: 6835:www.emro.who.int 6827: 6821: 6820: 6818: 6816: 6805:www.emro.who.int 6797: 6791: 6790: 6788: 6786: 6775:www.emro.who.int 6767: 6761: 6760: 6758: 6756: 6745:www.emro.who.int 6737: 6731: 6730: 6728: 6726: 6715:www.emro.who.int 6707: 6701: 6700: 6698: 6696: 6685:www.emro.who.int 6677: 6671: 6670: 6668: 6666: 6655:www.emro.who.int 6647: 6641: 6640: 6638: 6636: 6625:www.emro.who.int 6617: 6611: 6610: 6608: 6606: 6595:www.emro.who.int 6587: 6581: 6580: 6578: 6576: 6565:www.emro.who.int 6557: 6551: 6550: 6548: 6546: 6535:www.emro.who.int 6527: 6521: 6520: 6518: 6516: 6505:www.emro.who.int 6497: 6491: 6490: 6488: 6486: 6475:www.emro.who.int 6467: 6461: 6460: 6458: 6456: 6445:www.emro.who.int 6437: 6431: 6430: 6428: 6426: 6415:www.emro.who.int 6407: 6401: 6400: 6398: 6396: 6385:www.emro.who.int 6377: 6371: 6370: 6368: 6366: 6355:www.emro.who.int 6347: 6341: 6340: 6338: 6336: 6325:www.emro.who.int 6317: 6311: 6310: 6308: 6306: 6295:www.emro.who.int 6287: 6281: 6280: 6278: 6276: 6265:www.emro.who.int 6257: 6251: 6250: 6248: 6246: 6235:www.emro.who.int 6227: 6221: 6220: 6218: 6216: 6205:www.emro.who.int 6197: 6191: 6190: 6188: 6186: 6175:www.emro.who.int 6167: 6161: 6160: 6158: 6156: 6145:www.emro.who.int 6137: 6131: 6130: 6128: 6126: 6115:www.emro.who.int 6107: 6101: 6100: 6098: 6096: 6085:www.emro.who.int 6077: 6071: 6070: 6068: 6066: 6055:www.emro.who.int 6047: 6041: 6040: 6038: 6036: 6025:www.emro.who.int 6017: 6011: 6010: 6008: 6006: 5995:www.emro.who.int 5987: 5981: 5980: 5978: 5976: 5965:www.emro.who.int 5957: 5951: 5950: 5948: 5946: 5935:www.emro.who.int 5927: 5921: 5920: 5918: 5916: 5905:www.emro.who.int 5897: 5891: 5890: 5888: 5886: 5875:www.emro.who.int 5867: 5861: 5860: 5858: 5856: 5845:www.emro.who.int 5837: 5831: 5830: 5828: 5826: 5815:www.emro.who.int 5807: 5801: 5800: 5798: 5796: 5785:www.emro.who.int 5777: 5771: 5770: 5768: 5766: 5755:www.emro.who.int 5747: 5741: 5740: 5738: 5736: 5725:www.emro.who.int 5717: 5711: 5710: 5708: 5706: 5691: 5682: 5681: 5679: 5677: 5662: 5656: 5655: 5653: 5651: 5636: 5630: 5629: 5627: 5625: 5610: 5604: 5603: 5601: 5599: 5584: 5578: 5577: 5575: 5573: 5558: 5552: 5551: 5549: 5547: 5532: 5526: 5525: 5523: 5521: 5506: 5500: 5499: 5494: 5492: 5477: 5468: 5467: 5465: 5463: 5448: 5439: 5438: 5436: 5434: 5419: 5413: 5412: 5410: 5408: 5393: 5387: 5386: 5384: 5382: 5367: 5361: 5360: 5358: 5356: 5341: 5335: 5334: 5332: 5330: 5315: 5309: 5308: 5306: 5304: 5289: 5283: 5282: 5280: 5278: 5263: 5257: 5256: 5254: 5252: 5237: 5231: 5230: 5228: 5226: 5211: 5205: 5192: 5186: 5185: 5183: 5181: 5166: 5160: 5159: 5157: 5155: 5140: 5134: 5133: 5131: 5129: 5114: 5108: 5107: 5105: 5103: 5088: 5082: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5062: 5056: 5055: 5053: 5051: 5036: 5030: 5029: 5027: 5025: 5010: 5004: 5003: 5001: 4999: 4984: 4978: 4977: 4975: 4973: 4958: 4952: 4951: 4949: 4947: 4932: 4926: 4925: 4923: 4921: 4906: 4900: 4899: 4897: 4895: 4880: 4871: 4870: 4868: 4866: 4851: 4845: 4844: 4842: 4840: 4825: 4819: 4818: 4816: 4814: 4799: 4793: 4792: 4790: 4788: 4773: 4767: 4766: 4764: 4762: 4743: 4737: 4736: 4734: 4732: 4713: 4704: 4703: 4701: 4699: 4679: 4673: 4672: 4670: 4668: 4649: 4636: 4635: 4633: 4631: 4603: 4592: 4591: 4589: 4587: 4578:. 3 April 2018. 4568: 4557: 4556: 4554: 4552: 4533: 4527: 4526: 4524: 4522: 4502: 4496: 4495: 4493: 4491: 4469: 4463: 4462: 4460: 4458: 4439: 4426: 4425: 4423: 4421: 4402: 4393: 4392: 4390: 4388: 4369: 4363: 4362: 4352: 4342: 4318: 4312: 4311: 4301: 4269: 4263: 4262: 4260: 4258: 4247:www.emro.who.int 4239: 4228: 4227: 4225: 4223: 4204: 4198: 4197: 4195: 4193: 4178: 4172: 4171: 4169: 4167: 4148: 4139: 4138: 4128: 4111:(6): e680–e690. 4096: 4087: 4086: 4084: 4082: 4062: 4053: 4052: 4042: 4002: 3996: 3995: 3985: 3953: 3934: 3933: 3925: 3919: 3918: 3910: 3904: 3903: 3900:Waste Management 3895: 3889: 3888: 3886: 3884: 3865: 3859: 3858: 3848: 3816: 3795: 3794: 3784: 3760: 3754: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3735: 3727: 3721: 3720: 3718: 3716: 3701: 3692: 3691: 3681: 3671: 3647: 3641: 3640: 3638: 3636: 3625:www.emro.who.int 3617: 3606: 3605: 3603: 3601: 3582: 3576: 3575: 3573: 3571: 3551: 3545: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3524: 3518: 3517: 3515: 3513: 3507: 3500: 3492: 3486: 3485: 3483: 3481: 3472:. 25 June 2017. 3462: 3456: 3455: 3453: 3451: 3436: 3430: 3429: 3427: 3425: 3410: 3404: 3403: 3401: 3399: 3380: 3374: 3373: 3363: 3339: 3333: 3332: 3330: 3328: 3313: 3307: 3306: 3304: 3302: 3287: 3281: 3280: 3278: 3276: 3261: 3255: 3254: 3252: 3250: 3235: 3229: 3228: 3226: 3224: 3209: 3203: 3202: 3200: 3198: 3193:on 14 March 2019 3192: 3185: 3177: 3168: 3167: 3165: 3163: 3148: 3139: 3138: 3136: 3134: 3128: 3121: 3113: 3100: 3099: 3089: 3057: 3051: 3050: 3048: 3025: 3017: 3000: 2999: 2997: 2995: 2976: 2967: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2926: 2920: 2919: 2917: 2915: 2896: 2890: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2866: 2860: 2859: 2857: 2855: 2840: 2834: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2813: 2807: 2806: 2804: 2802: 2787: 2774: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2749: 2734: 2733: 2731: 2729: 2714: 2708: 2707: 2705: 2703: 2687: 2674: 2673: 2671: 2669: 2650: 2639: 2638: 2636: 2634: 2615: 2609: 2608: 2598: 2588: 2564: 2525: 2524: 2522: 2520: 2506: 2500: 2499: 2489: 2465: 2422: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2406:www.emro.who.int 2398: 2392: 2391: 2389: 2387: 2376:www.emro.who.int 2368: 2359: 2358: 2356: 2354: 2335: 2329: 2328: 2318: 2308: 2284: 2263: 2262: 2260: 2258: 2252: 2241: 2233: 2197: 2193: 2187: 2183: 937: 934: 812:Global responses 795:oral rehydration 791:cholera vaccines 648:Adult Chironomid 595:Escherichia coli 534:Ongoing conflict 526:before the war. 429:Amanat Al Asimah 344:Cholera vaccines 222:Yemeni Civil War 110: 80:Yemeni Civil War 44: 32: 31: 21: 9822: 9821: 9817: 9816: 9815: 9813: 9812: 9811: 9737: 9736: 9735: 9730: 9567: 9450: 9388: 9371:Swansea measles 9323:Bolivian dengue 9251: 9243: 9232:Indian smallpox 9202:Croydon typhoid 9172: 9064: 9005: 8991: 8926: 8867: 8860: 8831:Plague of Amwas 8804: 8797: 8786:Antonine Plague 8773: 8746: 8733: 8720: 8690: 8685: 8643:The Seventh Sin 8607:Death in Venice 8576: 8545: 8541:Henry Whitehead 8511:Gaspard Goyrand 8499: 8457: 8448:2023 (Zimbabwe) 8393:2008 (Zimbabwe) 8376: 8355: 8309: 8252: 8236: 8222:Chloramphenicol 8190: 8161: 8149:Vibrio cholerae 8132: 8127: 8097: 8092: 8062: 8048:Hussein Khairan 8018: 7979:Rashad al-Alimi 7953: 7916: 7871:security forces 7846: 7793: 7753: 7712:Battle of Marib 7495:Battle of Dhale 7462: 7456: 7418: 7395: 7390: 7360: 7350: 7348: 7339: 7338: 7334: 7324: 7322: 7309: 7308: 7304: 7294: 7292: 7279: 7278: 7274: 7264: 7262: 7249: 7248: 7244: 7234: 7232: 7219: 7218: 7214: 7204: 7202: 7189: 7188: 7184: 7174: 7172: 7159: 7158: 7154: 7144: 7142: 7129: 7128: 7124: 7114: 7112: 7099: 7098: 7094: 7084: 7082: 7069: 7068: 7064: 7054: 7052: 7039: 7038: 7034: 7024: 7022: 7009: 7008: 7004: 6994: 6992: 6979: 6978: 6974: 6964: 6962: 6949: 6948: 6944: 6934: 6932: 6919: 6918: 6914: 6904: 6902: 6889: 6888: 6884: 6874: 6872: 6859: 6858: 6854: 6844: 6842: 6829: 6828: 6824: 6814: 6812: 6799: 6798: 6794: 6784: 6782: 6769: 6768: 6764: 6754: 6752: 6739: 6738: 6734: 6724: 6722: 6709: 6708: 6704: 6694: 6692: 6679: 6678: 6674: 6664: 6662: 6649: 6648: 6644: 6634: 6632: 6619: 6618: 6614: 6604: 6602: 6589: 6588: 6584: 6574: 6572: 6559: 6558: 6554: 6544: 6542: 6529: 6528: 6524: 6514: 6512: 6499: 6498: 6494: 6484: 6482: 6469: 6468: 6464: 6454: 6452: 6439: 6438: 6434: 6424: 6422: 6409: 6408: 6404: 6394: 6392: 6379: 6378: 6374: 6364: 6362: 6349: 6348: 6344: 6334: 6332: 6319: 6318: 6314: 6304: 6302: 6289: 6288: 6284: 6274: 6272: 6259: 6258: 6254: 6244: 6242: 6229: 6228: 6224: 6214: 6212: 6199: 6198: 6194: 6184: 6182: 6169: 6168: 6164: 6154: 6152: 6139: 6138: 6134: 6124: 6122: 6109: 6108: 6104: 6094: 6092: 6079: 6078: 6074: 6064: 6062: 6049: 6048: 6044: 6034: 6032: 6019: 6018: 6014: 6004: 6002: 5989: 5988: 5984: 5974: 5972: 5959: 5958: 5954: 5944: 5942: 5929: 5928: 5924: 5914: 5912: 5899: 5898: 5894: 5884: 5882: 5869: 5868: 5864: 5854: 5852: 5839: 5838: 5834: 5824: 5822: 5809: 5808: 5804: 5794: 5792: 5779: 5778: 5774: 5764: 5762: 5749: 5748: 5744: 5734: 5732: 5719: 5718: 5714: 5704: 5702: 5693: 5692: 5685: 5675: 5673: 5664: 5663: 5659: 5649: 5647: 5638: 5637: 5633: 5623: 5621: 5612: 5611: 5607: 5597: 5595: 5586: 5585: 5581: 5571: 5569: 5560: 5559: 5555: 5545: 5543: 5534: 5533: 5529: 5519: 5517: 5508: 5507: 5503: 5490: 5488: 5479: 5478: 5471: 5461: 5459: 5450: 5449: 5442: 5432: 5430: 5421: 5420: 5416: 5406: 5404: 5395: 5394: 5390: 5380: 5378: 5369: 5368: 5364: 5354: 5352: 5343: 5342: 5338: 5328: 5326: 5317: 5316: 5312: 5302: 5300: 5291: 5290: 5286: 5276: 5274: 5265: 5264: 5260: 5250: 5248: 5239: 5238: 5234: 5224: 5222: 5213: 5212: 5208: 5203:Wayback Machine 5193: 5189: 5179: 5177: 5168: 5167: 5163: 5153: 5151: 5142: 5141: 5137: 5127: 5125: 5116: 5115: 5111: 5101: 5099: 5090: 5089: 5085: 5075: 5073: 5064: 5063: 5059: 5049: 5047: 5038: 5037: 5033: 5023: 5021: 5012: 5011: 5007: 4997: 4995: 4986: 4985: 4981: 4971: 4969: 4960: 4959: 4955: 4945: 4943: 4934: 4933: 4929: 4919: 4917: 4908: 4907: 4903: 4893: 4891: 4882: 4881: 4874: 4864: 4862: 4853: 4852: 4848: 4838: 4836: 4827: 4826: 4822: 4812: 4810: 4801: 4800: 4796: 4786: 4784: 4775: 4774: 4770: 4760: 4758: 4753:. 7 June 2021. 4745: 4744: 4740: 4730: 4728: 4715: 4714: 4707: 4697: 4695: 4680: 4676: 4666: 4664: 4651: 4650: 4639: 4629: 4627: 4604: 4595: 4585: 4583: 4570: 4569: 4560: 4550: 4548: 4543:. 8 July 2019. 4535: 4534: 4530: 4520: 4518: 4511:The Independent 4503: 4499: 4489: 4487: 4470: 4466: 4456: 4454: 4441: 4440: 4429: 4419: 4417: 4404: 4403: 4396: 4386: 4384: 4371: 4370: 4366: 4319: 4315: 4270: 4266: 4256: 4254: 4241: 4240: 4231: 4221: 4219: 4212:covid19.who.int 4206: 4205: 4201: 4191: 4189: 4180: 4179: 4175: 4165: 4163: 4150: 4149: 4142: 4097: 4090: 4080: 4078: 4063: 4056: 4003: 3999: 3954: 3937: 3926: 3922: 3911: 3907: 3896: 3892: 3882: 3880: 3867: 3866: 3862: 3817: 3798: 3761: 3757: 3747: 3745: 3738:The Independent 3728: 3724: 3714: 3712: 3703: 3702: 3695: 3648: 3644: 3634: 3632: 3619: 3618: 3609: 3599: 3597: 3590:www.news.un.org 3584: 3583: 3579: 3569: 3567: 3560:The Independent 3552: 3548: 3538: 3536: 3525: 3521: 3511: 3509: 3505: 3498: 3494: 3493: 3489: 3479: 3477: 3464: 3463: 3459: 3449: 3447: 3438: 3437: 3433: 3423: 3421: 3412: 3411: 3407: 3397: 3395: 3382: 3381: 3377: 3340: 3336: 3326: 3324: 3315: 3314: 3310: 3300: 3298: 3289: 3288: 3284: 3274: 3272: 3263: 3262: 3258: 3248: 3246: 3237: 3236: 3232: 3222: 3220: 3211: 3210: 3206: 3196: 3194: 3190: 3183: 3179: 3178: 3171: 3161: 3159: 3150: 3149: 3142: 3132: 3130: 3126: 3119: 3115: 3114: 3103: 3058: 3054: 3046: 3023: 3019: 3018: 3003: 2993: 2991: 2978: 2977: 2970: 2960: 2958: 2943: 2927: 2923: 2913: 2911: 2898: 2897: 2893: 2883: 2881: 2868: 2867: 2863: 2853: 2851: 2842: 2841: 2837: 2827: 2825: 2814: 2810: 2800: 2798: 2789: 2788: 2777: 2767: 2765: 2750: 2737: 2727: 2725: 2716: 2715: 2711: 2701: 2699: 2688: 2677: 2667: 2665: 2652: 2651: 2642: 2632: 2630: 2617: 2616: 2612: 2565: 2528: 2518: 2516: 2508: 2507: 2503: 2466: 2425: 2415: 2413: 2400: 2399: 2395: 2385: 2383: 2370: 2369: 2362: 2352: 2350: 2337: 2336: 2332: 2285: 2266: 2256: 2254: 2250: 2239: 2235: 2234: 2227: 2223: 2210:Famine in Yemen 2206: 2201: 2200: 2194: 2190: 2184: 2180: 929: 920: 883: 867: 851: 832: 819: 814: 756: 740: 713: 704: 668: 642: 636:dumping sites. 630:fecal coliforms 625:Shigella sonnei 567: 536: 519: 507: 448: 381:vibrio cholerae 360: 284:Vibrio cholerae 272:small intestine 203:Vibrio cholerae 195: 167:Houthi movement 120: 109:Suspected cases 108: 102: 90: 86: 82: 69:Vibrio cholerae 64:Bacteria strain 49: 48: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9820: 9810: 9809: 9804: 9799: 9794: 9789: 9787:2020s in Yemen 9784: 9782:2010s in Yemen 9779: 9774: 9769: 9764: 9759: 9754: 9749: 9732: 9731: 9729: 9728: 9722: 9716: 9706: 9700: 9699:(1981–present) 9694: 9688: 9682: 9676: 9670: 9664: 9658: 9652: 9646: 9640: 9634: 9628: 9622: 9616: 9610: 9604: 9598: 9592: 9585: 9583: 9577: 9576: 9573: 9572: 9569: 9568: 9566: 9565: 9564: 9563: 9552: 9551:(2023–present) 9546: 9543:Jamaica dengue 9540: 9534: 9528: 9522: 9516: 9510: 9504: 9498: 9492: 9486: 9480: 9474: 9468: 9462: 9456: 9448: 9442: 9439:Yemeni cholera 9436: 9430: 9424: 9418: 9412: 9406: 9400: 9394: 9390:DR Congo Ebola 9386: 9380: 9374: 9368: 9362: 9356: 9350: 9344: 9338: 9332: 9326: 9320: 9314: 9308: 9302: 9296: 9290: 9284: 9278: 9272: 9266: 9259: 9257: 9253: 9252: 9250: 9249: 9241: 9235: 9229: 9223: 9217: 9211: 9205: 9199: 9193: 9187: 9180: 9178: 9174: 9173: 9171: 9170: 9164: 9158: 9152: 9146: 9140: 9134: 9128: 9122: 9116: 9110: 9104: 9098: 9095:Maltese plague 9092: 9089:Ottoman plague 9085: 9083: 9076: 9070: 9069: 9066: 9065: 9063: 9062: 9056: 9050: 9047:Persian Plague 9044: 9041:Russian plague 9038: 9032: 9026: 9020: 9013: 9011: 9007: 9006: 9004: 9003: 8997: 8993:Maltese plague 8989: 8983: 8977: 8974:Maltese plague 8971: 8965: 8959: 8953: 8950:Italian plague 8947: 8944:Maltese plague 8941: 8934: 8932: 8928: 8927: 8925: 8924: 8922: 8916: 8913:Maltese plague 8910: 8904: 8898: 8892: 8886: 8879: 8877: 8870: 8862: 8861: 8859: 8858: 8852: 8846: 8840: 8834: 8828: 8822: 8816: 8809: 8807: 8799: 8798: 8796: 8795: 8789: 8783: 8777: 8767:Hittite plague 8763: 8761: 8752: 8748: 8747: 8745: 8744: 8738: 8735: 8734: 8719: 8718: 8711: 8704: 8696: 8687: 8686: 8684: 8683: 8676: 8669: 8662: 8661: 8660: 8648: 8647: 8646: 8639: 8634: 8622: 8621: 8620: 8615: 8603: 8596: 8588: 8586: 8582: 8581: 8578: 8577: 8575: 8574: 8569: 8564: 8559: 8553: 8551: 8547: 8546: 8544: 8543: 8538: 8533: 8531:Filippo Pacini 8528: 8523: 8521:George Johnson 8518: 8513: 8507: 8505: 8498: 8497: 8492: 8487: 8482: 8477: 8471: 8469: 8463: 8462: 8459: 8458: 8456: 8455: 8450: 8445: 8440: 8435: 8433:2022 (Lebanon) 8430: 8425: 8420: 8415: 8410: 8405: 8400: 8395: 8390: 8384: 8382: 8378: 8377: 8375: 8374: 8369: 8363: 8361: 8357: 8356: 8354: 8353: 8348: 8343: 8338: 8333: 8328: 8323: 8317: 8315: 8311: 8310: 8308: 8307: 8302: 8297: 8292: 8287: 8282: 8277: 8271: 8269: 8262: 8258: 8257: 8254: 8253: 8251: 8250: 8244: 8242: 8238: 8237: 8235: 8234: 8229: 8224: 8219: 8214: 8209: 8204: 8198: 8196: 8192: 8191: 8189: 8188: 8183: 8177: 8171: 8167: 8166: 8163: 8162: 8160: 8159: 8158: 8157: 8144: 8138: 8134: 8133: 8126: 8125: 8118: 8111: 8103: 8094: 8093: 8091: 8090: 8085: 8080: 8074: 8072: 8068: 8067: 8064: 8063: 8061: 8060: 8055: 8050: 8045: 8040: 8035: 8029: 8027: 8020: 8019: 8017: 8016: 8011: 8006: 8001: 7996: 7991: 7986: 7981: 7975: 7973: 7963: 7959: 7958: 7955: 7954: 7952: 7951: 7946: 7938: 7933: 7927: 7925: 7918: 7917: 7915: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7899: 7894: 7889: 7884: 7879: 7873: 7864: 7862: 7852: 7848: 7847: 7845: 7844: 7839: 7838: 7837: 7832: 7827: 7822: 7817: 7812: 7801: 7799: 7795: 7794: 7792: 7791: 7790: 7789: 7784: 7779: 7774: 7763: 7761: 7755: 7754: 7752: 7751: 7750: 7749: 7739: 7734: 7729: 7724: 7719: 7714: 7709: 7704: 7699: 7694: 7689: 7684: 7679: 7674: 7669: 7664: 7659: 7654: 7649: 7644: 7639: 7634: 7629: 7624: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7599: 7597:Nihm Offensive 7594: 7589: 7584: 7583: 7582: 7577: 7572: 7567: 7562: 7557: 7552: 7542: 7537: 7532: 7527: 7522: 7517: 7512: 7507: 7502: 7497: 7492: 7490:Marib campaign 7487: 7477: 7472: 7466: 7464: 7458: 7457: 7455: 7454: 7449: 7444: 7439: 7434: 7428: 7426: 7420: 7419: 7417: 7416: 7411: 7406: 7400: 7397: 7396: 7389: 7388: 7381: 7374: 7366: 7359: 7358: 7332: 7302: 7272: 7242: 7212: 7182: 7152: 7122: 7092: 7062: 7032: 7002: 6972: 6942: 6912: 6882: 6852: 6822: 6792: 6762: 6732: 6702: 6672: 6642: 6612: 6582: 6552: 6522: 6492: 6462: 6432: 6402: 6372: 6342: 6312: 6282: 6252: 6222: 6192: 6162: 6132: 6102: 6072: 6042: 6012: 5982: 5952: 5922: 5892: 5862: 5832: 5802: 5772: 5742: 5712: 5683: 5657: 5631: 5605: 5579: 5553: 5527: 5501: 5469: 5440: 5414: 5388: 5362: 5336: 5310: 5284: 5258: 5232: 5206: 5187: 5161: 5135: 5109: 5083: 5057: 5031: 5005: 4979: 4953: 4927: 4901: 4872: 4846: 4820: 4794: 4768: 4738: 4705: 4674: 4637: 4593: 4558: 4528: 4497: 4464: 4427: 4394: 4364: 4313: 4284:(4): e27–e28. 4264: 4229: 4199: 4173: 4140: 4088: 4054: 3997: 3935: 3920: 3905: 3890: 3860: 3831:(5): 667–680. 3796: 3775:(5): 667–680. 3755: 3722: 3693: 3642: 3607: 3577: 3546: 3519: 3487: 3457: 3442:. Al Jazeera. 3431: 3420:on 7 June 2017 3405: 3375: 3334: 3308: 3282: 3271:on 7 June 2017 3256: 3245:on 9 July 2017 3230: 3219:on 22 May 2017 3204: 3169: 3140: 3101: 3052: 3001: 2968: 2941: 2921: 2891: 2861: 2835: 2808: 2775: 2735: 2709: 2675: 2640: 2610: 2526: 2501: 2423: 2393: 2360: 2330: 2264: 2224: 2222: 2219: 2218: 2217: 2212: 2205: 2202: 2199: 2198: 2188: 2177: 2176: 2173: 2172: 2170: 2167: 2164: 2160: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2147: 2146: 2144: 2141: 2138: 2134: 2133: 2131: 2128: 2125: 2121: 2120: 2118: 2115: 2112: 2108: 2107: 2105: 2102: 2099: 2095: 2094: 2092: 2089: 2086: 2082: 2081: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2069: 2068: 2066: 2063: 2060: 2056: 2055: 2053: 2050: 2047: 2043: 2042: 2040: 2037: 2034: 2030: 2029: 2027: 2024: 2021: 2017: 2016: 2014: 2011: 2008: 2004: 2003: 2001: 1998: 1995: 1991: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1982: 1978: 1977: 1975: 1972: 1969: 1965: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1956: 1952: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1943: 1939: 1938: 1936: 1933: 1930: 1926: 1925: 1923: 1920: 1917: 1913: 1912: 1910: 1907: 1904: 1900: 1899: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1887: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1878: 1874: 1873: 1871: 1868: 1865: 1861: 1860: 1858: 1855: 1852: 1848: 1847: 1845: 1842: 1839: 1835: 1834: 1832: 1829: 1826: 1822: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1813: 1809: 1808: 1806: 1803: 1800: 1796: 1795: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1783: 1782: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1770: 1769: 1767: 1764: 1761: 1757: 1756: 1754: 1751: 1748: 1744: 1743: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1731: 1730: 1728: 1725: 1722: 1718: 1717: 1715: 1712: 1709: 1705: 1704: 1702: 1699: 1696: 1692: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1683: 1679: 1678: 1676: 1673: 1670: 1666: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1657: 1653: 1652: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1640: 1639: 1637: 1634: 1631: 1627: 1626: 1624: 1621: 1618: 1614: 1613: 1611: 1608: 1605: 1601: 1600: 1598: 1595: 1592: 1588: 1587: 1585: 1582: 1579: 1575: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1566: 1562: 1561: 1559: 1556: 1553: 1549: 1548: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1536: 1535: 1533: 1530: 1527: 1523: 1522: 1520: 1517: 1514: 1510: 1509: 1507: 1504: 1501: 1497: 1496: 1494: 1491: 1488: 1484: 1483: 1481: 1478: 1475: 1471: 1470: 1468: 1465: 1462: 1458: 1457: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1445: 1444: 1442: 1439: 1436: 1432: 1431: 1429: 1426: 1423: 1419: 1418: 1416: 1413: 1410: 1406: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1397: 1393: 1392: 1390: 1387: 1384: 1380: 1379: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1367: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1358: 1354: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1345: 1341: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1332: 1328: 1327: 1325: 1322: 1319: 1315: 1314: 1312: 1309: 1306: 1302: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1293: 1289: 1288: 1286: 1283: 1280: 1276: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1267: 1263: 1262: 1260: 1257: 1254: 1250: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1241: 1237: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1228: 1224: 1223: 1221: 1218: 1215: 1211: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1202: 1198: 1197: 1195: 1192: 1189: 1185: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1176: 1172: 1171: 1169: 1166: 1163: 1159: 1158: 1156: 1153: 1150: 1146: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1137: 1133: 1132: 1130: 1127: 1124: 1120: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1111: 1107: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1098: 1094: 1093: 1091: 1088: 1085: 1081: 1080: 1078: 1075: 1072: 1068: 1067: 1065: 1062: 1059: 1055: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1046: 1042: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1033: 1029: 1028: 1026: 1023: 1020: 1016: 1015: 1013: 1010: 1007: 1003: 1002: 1000: 997: 994: 990: 989: 987: 984: 981: 977: 976: 974: 971: 968: 964: 963: 961: 958: 955: 951: 950: 947: 944: 941: 928: 925: 919: 916: 887:United Kingdom 882: 881:United Kingdom 879: 866: 863: 855:United Nations 850: 849:United Nations 847: 831: 828: 818: 815: 813: 810: 755: 752: 739: 736: 712: 709: 703: 700: 667: 664: 641: 638: 620:S. typhimurium 566: 563: 535: 532: 518: 515: 506: 503: 499:United Nations 447: 444: 359: 356: 194: 191: 151:United Nations 132: 131: 125: 124: 121: 118: 115: 114: 111: 105: 104: 99: 95: 94: 77: 76:First outbreak 73: 72: 65: 61: 60: 55: 51: 50: 46: 45: 37: 36: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9819: 9808: 9805: 9803: 9800: 9798: 9795: 9793: 9790: 9788: 9785: 9783: 9780: 9778: 9775: 9773: 9770: 9768: 9765: 9763: 9760: 9758: 9755: 9753: 9750: 9748: 9745: 9744: 9742: 9726: 9723: 9720: 9717: 9711:(2019–present 9710: 9707: 9704: 9701: 9698: 9695: 9692: 9689: 9686: 9685:Hong Kong flu 9683: 9680: 9677: 9674: 9671: 9668: 9665: 9662: 9659: 9656: 9653: 9650: 9647: 9644: 9641: 9638: 9635: 9632: 9629: 9626: 9623: 9620: 9617: 9614: 9611: 9608: 9605: 9602: 9599: 9596: 9593: 9590: 9587: 9586: 9584: 9582: 9578: 9561: 9558: 9557: 9556: 9553: 9550: 9547: 9544: 9541: 9538: 9535: 9532: 9529: 9526: 9523: 9520: 9517: 9514: 9513:Tonga measles 9511: 9508: 9505: 9502: 9499: 9496: 9493: 9490: 9487: 9484: 9483:Samoa measles 9481: 9478: 9475: 9472: 9469: 9466: 9463: 9460: 9457: 9453: 9449: 9446: 9443: 9440: 9437: 9434: 9431: 9428: 9425: 9422: 9419: 9416: 9413: 9410: 9407: 9404: 9401: 9398: 9395: 9391: 9387: 9384: 9381: 9378: 9375: 9372: 9369: 9366: 9363: 9360: 9357: 9354: 9351: 9348: 9345: 9342: 9341:Haiti cholera 9339: 9336: 9333: 9330: 9327: 9324: 9321: 9318: 9315: 9312: 9309: 9306: 9305:Iraqi cholera 9303: 9300: 9297: 9294: 9291: 9288: 9287:Indian dengue 9285: 9282: 9279: 9276: 9273: 9270: 9267: 9264: 9261: 9260: 9258: 9254: 9246: 9242: 9239: 9236: 9233: 9230: 9227: 9224: 9221: 9218: 9215: 9212: 9209: 9206: 9203: 9200: 9197: 9194: 9191: 9188: 9185: 9182: 9181: 9179: 9175: 9168: 9165: 9162: 9159: 9156: 9153: 9150: 9147: 9144: 9143:Guam smallpox 9141: 9138: 9135: 9132: 9129: 9126: 9123: 9120: 9117: 9114: 9111: 9108: 9105: 9102: 9099: 9096: 9093: 9090: 9087: 9086: 9084: 9080: 9077: 9075: 9071: 9060: 9057: 9054: 9051: 9048: 9045: 9042: 9039: 9036: 9033: 9030: 9027: 9024: 9021: 9018: 9015: 9014: 9012: 9008: 9001: 8998: 8994: 8990: 8987: 8984: 8981: 8980:Naples Plague 8978: 8975: 8972: 8969: 8966: 8963: 8960: 8957: 8954: 8951: 8948: 8945: 8942: 8939: 8938:London plague 8936: 8935: 8933: 8929: 8923: 8920: 8919:London plague 8917: 8914: 8911: 8908: 8907:London plague 8905: 8902: 8899: 8896: 8893: 8890: 8887: 8884: 8881: 8880: 8878: 8874: 8871: 8869: 8863: 8856: 8853: 8850: 8847: 8844: 8841: 8838: 8837:Plague of 664 8835: 8832: 8829: 8826: 8823: 8820: 8817: 8814: 8811: 8810: 8808: 8806: 8800: 8793: 8790: 8787: 8784: 8781: 8778: 8768: 8765: 8764: 8762: 8760: 8756: 8753: 8749: 8743: 8740: 8739: 8736: 8732: 8728: 8724: 8717: 8712: 8710: 8705: 8703: 8698: 8697: 8694: 8682: 8681: 8680:The Ghost Map 8677: 8675: 8674: 8670: 8668: 8667: 8663: 8659: 8656: 8655: 8654: 8653: 8649: 8645: 8644: 8640: 8638: 8635: 8633: 8630: 8629: 8628: 8627: 8623: 8619: 8616: 8614: 8611: 8610: 8609: 8608: 8604: 8602: 8601: 8597: 8595: 8594: 8590: 8589: 8587: 8583: 8573: 8570: 8568: 8565: 8563: 8560: 8558: 8555: 8554: 8552: 8548: 8542: 8539: 8537: 8534: 8532: 8529: 8527: 8524: 8522: 8519: 8517: 8514: 8512: 8509: 8508: 8506: 8502: 8496: 8495:Cholera riots 8493: 8491: 8488: 8486: 8483: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8472: 8470: 8468: 8464: 8454: 8451: 8449: 8446: 8444: 8441: 8439: 8436: 8434: 8431: 8429: 8426: 8424: 8421: 8419: 8416: 8414: 8411: 8409: 8406: 8404: 8403:2010s (Haiti) 8401: 8399: 8396: 8394: 8391: 8389: 8386: 8385: 8383: 8379: 8373: 8370: 8368: 8365: 8364: 8362: 8358: 8352: 8349: 8347: 8344: 8342: 8339: 8337: 8334: 8332: 8329: 8327: 8324: 8322: 8319: 8318: 8316: 8312: 8306: 8303: 8301: 8298: 8296: 8293: 8291: 8288: 8286: 8283: 8281: 8278: 8276: 8273: 8272: 8270: 8266: 8263: 8259: 8249: 8246: 8245: 8243: 8239: 8233: 8230: 8228: 8225: 8223: 8220: 8218: 8215: 8213: 8210: 8208: 8207:Cotrimoxazole 8205: 8203: 8200: 8199: 8197: 8193: 8187: 8184: 8182: 8179: 8178: 8175: 8172: 8168: 8156: 8153: 8152: 8151: 8150: 8146: 8145: 8142: 8139: 8135: 8131: 8124: 8119: 8117: 8112: 8110: 8105: 8104: 8101: 8089: 8086: 8084: 8081: 8079: 8076: 8075: 8073: 8069: 8059: 8056: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8046: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8030: 8028: 8025: 8021: 8015: 8012: 8010: 8007: 8005: 8002: 8000: 7997: 7995: 7992: 7990: 7987: 7985: 7982: 7980: 7977: 7976: 7974: 7971: 7967: 7964: 7960: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7942: 7939: 7937: 7934: 7932: 7929: 7928: 7926: 7923: 7919: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7866: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7856: 7853: 7849: 7843: 7840: 7836: 7833: 7831: 7828: 7826: 7823: 7821: 7818: 7816: 7813: 7811: 7808: 7807: 7806: 7803: 7802: 7800: 7796: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7769: 7768: 7765: 7764: 7762: 7760: 7756: 7748: 7745: 7744: 7743: 7740: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7730: 7728: 7725: 7723: 7720: 7718: 7715: 7713: 7710: 7708: 7705: 7703: 7700: 7698: 7695: 7693: 7690: 7688: 7685: 7683: 7680: 7678: 7675: 7673: 7670: 7668: 7665: 7663: 7660: 7658: 7655: 7653: 7650: 7648: 7645: 7643: 7642:Raid on Yakla 7640: 7638: 7635: 7633: 7630: 7628: 7625: 7623: 7620: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7610: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7581: 7578: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7566: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7551: 7548: 7547: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7528: 7526: 7523: 7521: 7518: 7516: 7513: 7511: 7508: 7506: 7503: 7501: 7498: 7496: 7493: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7482: 7478: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7467: 7465: 7459: 7453: 7450: 7448: 7445: 7443: 7440: 7438: 7435: 7433: 7430: 7429: 7427: 7425: 7421: 7415: 7414:Yemeni crisis 7412: 7410: 7407: 7405: 7402: 7401: 7398: 7394: 7387: 7382: 7380: 7375: 7373: 7368: 7367: 7364: 7346: 7342: 7336: 7320: 7316: 7312: 7306: 7290: 7286: 7282: 7276: 7260: 7256: 7252: 7246: 7230: 7226: 7222: 7216: 7200: 7196: 7192: 7186: 7170: 7166: 7162: 7156: 7140: 7136: 7132: 7126: 7110: 7106: 7102: 7096: 7080: 7076: 7072: 7066: 7050: 7046: 7042: 7036: 7020: 7016: 7012: 7006: 6990: 6986: 6982: 6976: 6960: 6956: 6952: 6946: 6930: 6926: 6922: 6916: 6900: 6896: 6892: 6886: 6870: 6866: 6862: 6856: 6840: 6836: 6832: 6826: 6810: 6806: 6802: 6796: 6780: 6776: 6772: 6766: 6750: 6746: 6742: 6736: 6720: 6716: 6712: 6706: 6690: 6686: 6682: 6676: 6660: 6656: 6652: 6646: 6630: 6626: 6622: 6616: 6600: 6596: 6592: 6586: 6570: 6566: 6562: 6556: 6540: 6536: 6532: 6526: 6510: 6506: 6502: 6496: 6480: 6476: 6472: 6466: 6450: 6446: 6442: 6436: 6420: 6416: 6412: 6406: 6390: 6386: 6382: 6376: 6360: 6356: 6352: 6346: 6330: 6326: 6322: 6316: 6300: 6296: 6292: 6286: 6270: 6266: 6262: 6256: 6240: 6236: 6232: 6226: 6210: 6206: 6202: 6196: 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4860: 4856: 4850: 4834: 4830: 4824: 4808: 4804: 4798: 4782: 4778: 4772: 4756: 4752: 4748: 4742: 4726: 4722: 4718: 4712: 4710: 4693: 4689: 4688:Health Europa 4685: 4678: 4662: 4658: 4654: 4648: 4646: 4644: 4642: 4625: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4609: 4602: 4600: 4598: 4581: 4577: 4576:www.usaid.gov 4573: 4567: 4565: 4563: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4532: 4516: 4512: 4508: 4501: 4485: 4481: 4480: 4475: 4468: 4452: 4448: 4444: 4438: 4436: 4434: 4432: 4415: 4411: 4407: 4401: 4399: 4382: 4378: 4374: 4368: 4360: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4317: 4309: 4305: 4300: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4268: 4252: 4248: 4244: 4238: 4236: 4234: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4203: 4187: 4183: 4177: 4161: 4157: 4153: 4147: 4145: 4136: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4095: 4093: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4061: 4059: 4050: 4046: 4041: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4001: 3993: 3989: 3984: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3952: 3950: 3948: 3946: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3931: 3924: 3916: 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2879: 2875: 2871: 2865: 2850:on 9 May 2015 2849: 2845: 2839: 2823: 2819: 2818:"Houthi Who?" 2812: 2796: 2792: 2786: 2784: 2782: 2780: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2748: 2746: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2723: 2719: 2713: 2697: 2693: 2686: 2684: 2682: 2680: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2649: 2647: 2645: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2614: 2606: 2602: 2597: 2592: 2587: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2563: 2561: 2559: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2541: 2539: 2537: 2535: 2533: 2531: 2515: 2511: 2505: 2497: 2493: 2488: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2440: 2438: 2436: 2434: 2432: 2430: 2428: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2397: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2367: 2365: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2334: 2326: 2322: 2317: 2312: 2307: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2277: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2269: 2249: 2245: 2238: 2232: 2230: 2225: 2216: 2213: 2211: 2208: 2207: 2192: 2182: 2178: 2171: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2161: 2158: 2155: 2152: 2149: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2136: 2135: 2132: 2129: 2126: 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8788:(165–180 AD) 8782:(429–426 BC) 8729:and notable 8678: 8671: 8664: 8650: 8641: 8624: 8605: 8598: 8591: 8480:Cholera belt 8417: 8326:1832 (Sligo) 8305:1961–present 8227:Furazolidone 8212:Erythromycin 8202:Tetracycline 8147: 8004:Hussein Arab 7999:Khaled Bahah 7851:Belligerents 7814: 7349:. 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