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confirmed that at least 100 civilians had been murdered by SPLA soldiers, and had reported the cases to the government. Unable to stop them, he said that the soldiers probably abused the local population because the government had failed to pay or feed them. This caused them to rob what they needed. Waya argued that this behavior was to be expected when the government neglected their military forces. The SPLA leadership, meanwhile, denied that any abuses at the hands of SPLA soldiers had taken place in Wau. In addition to the violence of the SPLA against civilians, no progress was made in the attempts to enforce the ceasefire between the SPLA and local SPLM-IO groups, as the government denied that the SPLM-IO had any presence in the whole Bahr el Ghazal region to which Wau State belongs. As result, no agreement for SPLM-IO cantonment areas in Wau State was reached. On 9 April, the SPLA command even announced that they would launch an offensive in
1422:. Tens of thousands of civilians were once again displaced, and there were reports widespread abuses at the hands of both sides. Mboro was captured by the SPLA after a battle lasting from 24 to 30 June, whereupon much of the community was destroyed. SPLM-IO rebels retook Wad Alel in July, forcibly recruiting locals and looting the settlement before retreating. According to witnesses, security forces arrested local men belonging to ethnic minorities suspected insurgents, during the offensive. The detainees were transported to facilities at Grinti and Jebel Akhdar, and tortured before being released. Both sides hindered the delivery of humanitarian aid by NGOs. The SPLA offensive ended in late August 2018. In September 2018, the South Sudanese government and Riek Machar's SPLM-IO faction signed a peace deal, resulting in the gradual cessation of hostilities between the two sides. Fighting in Wau State initially continued despite the agreement.
978:
independent and opposition sources, as army soldiers and Dinka militias intensified their attacks on the town's Fertit population, many locals picked up arms and began to fight the pro-government forces. They were supported by armed Fertit youth from the countryside, who also came into Wau town to take revenge against the Dinkas. The SPLM-IO claimed that their forces had stayed out of Wau town, but attacked SPLA soldiers to protect Fertit civilians in the settlement's southern outskirts. Massacres continued throughout the night, but by late 25 June the SPLA claimed to have secured the town and began to search for hiding insurgents. The army imposed a curfew in Wau town the next day, and, according to local civilians, together with Dinka tribal fighters once again began to kill, rape and rob the local Fertit civilians. These began to flee en masse to the nearby
1118:
that the attack had been repulsed, though this could not be independently confirmed. On 17 September, clashes took place at Bazia and
Busseri. Despite the renewed violence, Governor Mayan declared on 19 September that he had formed a committee to hold direct negotiations with the rebels. Just three days later, the SPLA and allied militias launched another attack against SPLM-IO positions, which led to heavy fighting around Wau town, Baggari, Bringi, Busseri, and Bazia that lasted until 25 September. At the same time, President Kiir finally approved the creation of cantonment sites for SPLM-IO forces in the Bahr el Ghazal region after rejecting this move for a long time. These cantonment sites, however, were meant only for SPLM-IO fighters loyal to
1345:
President Kiir fired Andrea Mayan Achor and some other officials in Wau State without providing a reason, and subsequently appointed Angelo Taban Biajo as new governor of Wau. Achor said that his removal was a "normal government procedure", and asked the citizens of Wau State to support his successor. In response to the tribal violence in the northern parts of Wau State, the government started an initiative to collect firearms from the civilian population in August, reportedly collecting over 500 weapons by early
December. Despite this, armed cattle raids and tribal clashes continued along the border in 2018, with at least 25 people being killed in February and March of that year in the area of Kwarjiena.
1410:, the SPLA's 5th Division under Maj. Gen. Keer Kiir Keer began an assault on rebel-held areas south and southwest of Wau as well as the town of Wad Alel from 12 June, probably to regaining territory before a planned ceasefire agreement could come into effect. Wad Alel, a settlement dominated by Luo, was captured and mostly destroyed by the SPLA, although the rebel continued to maintain an underground presence in the town. The military reportedly overran rebel positions at Baggari, Bisellia, and Engo halima on 23 June, though the rebels managed to regain these areas in course of a counter-attack on the following day. On 25 June, the SPLM-IO insurgents claimed that the SPLA and allied
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commanders confirmed the clashes, army spokesman Lul Ruai denied that any military action took place. Whereas the SPLM-IO claimed that they had attempted to evacuate civilians as they had been attacked, the SPLA's 5th
Division accused the rebels of attacking Wau town. Moreover, the SPLA stated that they had relocated most of their forces from the state capital to defensive positions at Lokoloko and Jebel Rabi. After heavy fighting throughout 12 July, the SPLM-IO was forced to withdraw from Angu Angu, Brenji and Taban, accusing the SPLA to have arrested 25 civilians from these sites and to have taken them to Wau town.
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Malong were arrested, while the rest of the division remained alert in case of further possible incidents. Governor Angelo Taban Biajo subsequently declared that there was no further security risks in Wau. Despite initially denying his involvement in any plan to attack Wau, Malong later openly rebelled and started a new insurgent group, the "South Sudan United Front" (SS-UF). In the following months, several officers of the 5th
Division joined the insurgency against the government. One of them, Captain Baak Bol Baak, was an alleged Malong follower and escaped with his troops from Wau to join the
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Even though the governor continued to urge the local rebels to join Taban Deng Gai's faction and end their insurgency, his pleas were rejected by the SPLM-IO spokesman for Wau, Nicola
Gabriel Adam. Gabriel claimed that Taban Deng Gai had become part of the government they were fighting, while accusing the army of being the aggressor in this conflict, saying that the SPLA had just recently attacked SPLM-IO forces near Bringi. The mayor of Wau, meanwhile, denied that clashes were still happening, saying the people still fled to Wau town due to food shortages in their home areas.
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ordered to take command of the operations in the region around 15 April, though Kiir dismissed him in early May. Meanwhile, the number of civilians who had sought refuge at the
Catholic Cathedral of Wau town increased to 18.000. In June 2017, Wau State's government organized peace talks between representatives of the Luo tribes of Wau and the Dinka tribes of Tonj with the aim of ending the violence between the two groups. Meanwhile, the citizens of Wau town complained that insecurity still prevailed in the state, with government soldiers regularly stealing from civilians.
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1237:) as well as twelve of their bodyguards. In revenge for the ambush, SPLA soldiers and pro-government Dinka militiamen belonging to Mathiang Anyoor began a rampage in Wau town and surrounding villages, murdering and robbing non-Dinkas. UNMISS stated that at least 16 civilians were killed and 10 wounded, while local sources reported 31 killed and 9 wounded. The SPLM-IO and pro-opposition media claimed that about 50 civilians had been murdered. Locals said that those targeted by the pro-government fighters mostly belonged to the Fertit,
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admitted that the SPLA had indeed abandoned Ngo
Baggari County to the SPLM-IO, but said that the retreat was voluntary and that no clashes had taken place. Furthermore, he denied that the County Commissioner had been captured. The SPLM-IO's success in Ngo Baggari was explained by the fact that many locals, who were former soldiers, had been mistreated by the government and subsequently joined the rebels. SPLM-IO commander Ashab Khamis Fahal claimed that 1725 SPLA soldiers had defected to them. Meanwhile, a representative of the
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said that a total breakdown of law and order had taken place in Wau. A least 30 people were killed while attempting to protect the properties of civilians who fled their homes. After the attackers were driven off, the pro-government mayor of Wau town quickly declared that the town was safe again, but most residents refused to return home. One civilian stated that "Up to now, people are not really secure because some of the soldiers are still moving around."
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families. President Kiir held a speech in Wau on 5 March, asking the people for forgiveness for the mistakes of his government. He urged the locals to refrain from further violence and revenge attacks. He also stated that the government would try to improve the local roads, and ease tensions between farmers and nomads in Wau State. By this point, most refugees in Wau town had returned to their homes.
965:. Governor Waya initially claimed to support the emergency declaration, stating "All who are here are rebels, so the Division SPLA is ready and even those who are just walking around are ready". However, opposition groups claimed that the army soon began to plunder the state capital, and to assault the civilian population, leading Governor Waya to criticise the soldiers. On 24 June 2016, President
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1194:(NAS), a newly formed rebel group. Ismail blamed his defection on Machar's neglect of the rebels in Western Bahr el Ghazal, and the problems within the SPLM-IO. According to him, the group lacked both a proper vision as well as capable leadership, and suffered from organizational chaos, saying that "the army is curtailed by officers without assignments, shamefully, at places, you find a
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Deng Gai's SPLM-IO faction. When the government consequently arrested four suspects, they declared that Issa had been killed by Machar's followers. Clashes took place directly west of Wau town during the night between 30 and 31 January, when a SPLA patrol encountered a group of rebels by chance. Three government soldiers were killed during the following firefight.
1037:, however, reported that by 5 July, only the Dinka-dominated parts of Wau town "were lively. Pick-up trucks mounted with machine guns and full of soldiers toting AK-47s, mostly Dinka, patrolled the area. In contrast, the southern and western parts of town, home to the Fartit, were deserted after people flocked to churches and the UN base for protection."
1415:
the SPLA reportedly attacked the rebels' base of Mboro in Wau State on that day. The government rejected these accusations, stating that Mboro had been under its control since 2016. A rebel spokesman said about the purported clashes in Wau State that "There is the possibility Salva Kiir is not in control of his forces or he doesn't want peace to come".
1401:
remained tense; areas like the greater
Baggari sub-area were mostly cut off from humanitarian aid and were thus threatened by famine. The Juba-based CTSAMM monitoring group also accused one SPLM-IO group which operated northwest of Wau town of having recruited child soldiers; the SPLM-IO consequently stated that this faction had possibly "gone rogue".
1336:
argued that the famine was part of a deliberate government strategy to starve dissidents in the
Baggari, Bisselia, Kpaile, Kawajina, and Udici Counties into submission by disturbing farmers and hindering the work of NGOs. According to the pro-government commissioner of Bisselia County, Francis Ibrahim, President Kiir had donated 3,400 sacks of
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fight back by murdering soldiers, policemen and Dinkas. This in turn caused revenge killings by Dinkas and SPLA against Fertit. In addition, insecurity in the state increased dramatically, as local SPLM-IO and SPLA units ignored the ceasefire and clashed on several occasions at Bagari and Angu Angu. At least 8 SPLA soldiers were killed, while
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unabated. Around 150 people fled from Bazia to Agok near Wau town due to lack of food in their home areas. Nevertheless, United
Nations authorities said that the security had markedly improved in Wau State, citing that around 6,000 IDPs had returned from Wau town to their home areas. Around 32,500 refugees still resided in the PoC camps.
827:(SPLA) waged a rebellion against the Sudanese government. Many Fertit opted to stay loyal to Sudan or remain neutral, as they feared suppression at the hands of the Dinka in an independent South Sudan. The SPLA responded by attacking Fertit as perceived enemies of the rebellion, causing militant Fertit to organize the so-called
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arrested by SPLA soldiers. Governor Mayan attempted to ease tensions by negotiating the release of fifty prisoners in October, and including local religious authorities in the peace talks. On the other side, the SPLA prepared a new offensive against the Wau rebels. As of 10 August, the continued fighting had resulted in the
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By December 2016, however, fighting had restarted, with the rebels having taken control of large areas in the western part of Wau State. Heavy clashes once again broke out in the area around Busseri, forcing many civilians to flee their homes, with the SPLM-IO claiming to have fully captured Busseri.
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On 12 July, government forces reportedly launched an offensive against SPLM-IO positions in the whole Wau state, most importantly at Angu Angu, Brenji, Faraj Allah, Bazia and Taban. Heavy fighting also took place in the state capital's direct southern vicinity. While both locals as well as local SPLA
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peace deal in an attempt to end the civil war. Both sides used concessions in the agreement to their advantage, however, and the agreement gradually fell apart. Wau State was an area which was affected by the ARCSS. The SPLM-IO mobilized forces in Wau, and then demanded that these rebels were granted
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Also in January 2017, Lt. Col. al-Fadil Meil Issa, a member of the Ceasefire and Transitional Security Arrangements Monitoring Mechanism (CTSAMM) in Wau, was brutally murdered by unknown assailants. Serving as CTSAMM's liaison officer to contact the local rebel factions, Issa had been loyal to Taban
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On 27 July, the SPLM-IO captured the Ngo Baggari County in Wau State from the government after fierce clashes, with the rebels claiming that they had captured the local County Commissioner, Anthony Fada Taban. There were also speculations that Taban might have defected to the SPLM-IO. Governor Mayan
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On 2 December, the SPLM-IO reportedly attacked government units at Busseri and Firka, causing the SPLA to send reinforcements to these area, which were in turn ambushed and defeated by the rebels. Three days later, clashes between rebel and government fighters broke out around Bisellia, Bazia, Faraj
1414:
militiamen had attempted to capture Omboro from them, though the attack was allegedly repulsed. The government denied these accusations, and an army spokesman stated that "there is no fighting because peace talks are ongoing". Although a countrywide ceasefire was supposed to take effect on 30 June,
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population had increased to about 52,000 by July. The reasons for the worsening famine in the countryside, especially in Bisselia County, are disputed: Whereas the government maintained that the security situation in Wau State had improved and blamed the lack of humanitarian support, the opposition
1278:
On 12 April, the SPLM-IO claimed to have recaptured Baggari and repelled the SPLA attacks against their other strongholds, though this was strongly disputed by the government. As the situation in Wau State and other areas of Western Bahr el Ghazal escalated, SPLA chief of staff Paul Malong Awan was
1228:
to bombard them during these clashes. On 5 April, the rebels launched a counter-attack against Mapel, which resulted in a battle during which either government or opposition fighters gunned down dozens of civilians. Three days later, the government forces retook Baggari, which had been in the hands
1223:
operations in Wau State in early April, moving more troops, tanks and equipment into the region. On 4 April, the strengthened SPLA forces initiated a large-scale offensive against SPLM-IO positions in the areas around Bisellia, Baggari, Bazia, and Kuajiena, resulting in fierce fighting. The SPLM-IO
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leading a squad". On 12 March, rebel forces reportedly launched an attack in Kwarjina County in eastern Wau State, causing the army to deploy more forces to area in order to restore security. Meanwhile, Taban Deng Gai's SPLM-IO faction was granted a minister position in the Wau State government as
1044:
had broken out among the refugees, most of which were forced to live in the bush. Government and rebel forces blamed each other for the renewed fighting; SPLM-IO Maj. Gen. Ashhab Khamis Fahal Ukanda stated that "They don't think other people have rights in this country. We all worked together to
1018:
of backing them. The assault was eventually repelled, and afterwards Dinka gunmen once again began to loot the town and executed anyone opposing them. While the government claimed that the looters were unrelated criminals, locals believed them to be SPLA soldiers as they wore uniforms. UNMISS also
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and the Community Empowerment for Progress Organization (CEPO) helped to generate new trust, child soldiers were demobilized, and the military encouraged troops to behave properly. At the same time, locals urged to government to pay its soldiers so that they were not forced to steal to feed their
1117:
to deploy policemen to Wau town in order to improve the local security. Between 9 and 11 September, clashes once again broke out west of Wau town, as the SPLM-IO claimed that the peace talks had failed, and the government forces had launched a major attack on their positions. The rebels also said
912:
At the same time, the SPLA soldiers were accused by the opposition of intensifying their abuses of Fertit civilians, while reportedly working together with local Dinka militants and armed cattle herders in their attacks. The violence in Wau further increased in June, as individual Fertit began to
868:
units. He then circumvented the formal chain of command, and ordered these SPLA troops to crush the opposition by force, even though the peace agreement was still in force. This resulted in growing ethnic tensions in Wau State from early December 2015. The SPLA soldiers deployed to the region for
1400:
Meanwhile, the security situation in Wau State had improved, so that about 14,000 displaced people returned to their homes between January and June 2018; nevertheless, about 30,000 remained at the refugee camps. Much of western Wau State remained in rebel hands, and the political situation there
1380:
In January 2018, it was discovered that former SPLA Chief of General Staff Paul Malong Awan planned his own rebellion against the government, and had begun to organize an attack of associates on Wau airport. The plot failed, and members of the 5th Division who were suspected of being allied with
1069:
Governor Mayan announced on 20 July that he planned to initiate a dialogue with the armed opposition groups that still fought against the SPLA in Wau State. Such peace talks, however, would depend on President Kiir's approval. On 23 July, two SPLA soldiers were executed by a firing squad for the
969:
unexpectedly sacked Waya, and just a few hours later, had him arrested. A local SPLA commander declared that Waya had been arrested because he was responsible for the deteriorating situation in the state, claiming that he had no respect for the military and talked "nonsense". A few days later, a
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ethnic groups, which were believed by the assailants to support the rebels. Due to the renewed violence, 8,000 more locals were displaced, as 4,000 civilians fled to the UN PoC site at Wau town and 3,800 sought refuge at the Catholic Cathedral. The SPLM government, the SPLM-IO, and the National
900:
reported that the newly deployed government soldiers, mostly Dinka, began to abuse the local Fertit population, forcing tens of thousands to flee Wau. Many civilians were arrested and then murdered as purported SPLM-IO supporters. Governor Elias Waya Nyipuoc admitted that by 30 May 2016, he had
1344:
Meanwhile, the conflict between tribal fighters from northern Wau, southern Gogrial, and western Tonj continued, as several villages were raided and tribal forces clashed with government soldiers. Wau's governor accused "former state officials" of inciting the tribal militias. On 15 September,
1340:
to the refugees in Wau town, whereas Bisselia's population still had not received any aid by the central authorities by 22 August. The food situation in Bisselia improved in September, as farmers were able to harvest their crops; in other parts of the countryside, however, the famine continued
1130:'s followers, on the other side, were referred to as "warmongers" that would "be dealt with" by the government. On 17 October, the SPLM-IO and local citizens accused the SPLA of robbing and killing nine civilians in Wau. At this point, fighting had mostly abated, as the peace talks progressed.
1101:
criticized the government's military for hindering humanitarian relief agencies that attempted to enter Wau town. On 6 August, peace talks between the local opposition and the governor were held, though the situation in the state remained volatile, with civilians being displaced or unlawfully
1002:
On 28 June, Wau town was once again attacked by a major force of insurgents, reportedly 350β700 fighters. Independent and opposition sources claim that the assailants belonged to a pro-Fertit, SPLM-IO-linked tribal militia, while the government said they were part of the "Islamic Movement for
982:
base and local churches for protection; others escaped to areas held by SPLM-IO-aligned Fertit militias such as the "Fertit Lions". The government forces, however, maintained that the whole battle was the result of tribal fighters invading the town, whereupon "some greedy civilians started
977:
As result of Waya's dismissal, the situation escalated completely, as a heavy battle broke out in Wau town on evening of 24 June. Dinka youth militants in civilian clothing and uniforms entered Wau's south-western neighbourhoods, where they murdered and raped Fertit civilians. According to
1425:
Wau State's SPLM-IO rebels agreed to a ceasefire on 31 January 2019, formally ending their insurgency. Both Brigadier General Peter Ngoli, head of SPLA-IO operations in Besselia region, and SPLA commander Joshua Konyi signalled the readiness of their forces to adhere to the peace deal.
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murder of a couple in Wau town. The execution was supposed to serve as warning for SPLA soldiers "who used to violet the military regulation, it is also what tell the people of South Sudan that any soldier found committing crime against civilian should be deal with" said a local judge.
953:-dominated SPLA. As result of the increasing violence, a state of emergency was declared in Wau town, and the SPLA's 5th Division moved in, officially to prevent further escalation of violence. These forces were under the command of Lt. Gen. Gabriel Jok Riak, who had been accused of
1307:
In July and August 2017, Taban Deng Gai's SPLM-IO faction announced that 7,000 rebel fighters in Wau State had defected from Machar's faction to the pro-government forces; this claim could not be independently verified and was denied by the opposition. Only about 150 rebels, led by
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part of a power-sharing deal. Opposition militants launched a major attack on a government base at Natabu west of Wau town on 24 March 2017. In course of the fighting 12 government soldiers were killed and seven wounded, while the rebels suffered two dead and three wounded.
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farmers. The attack was repulsed, and on 25 January the cattle herders retreated to Tonj. Nevertheless, violence between Luo farmers in Wau State and Dinkas from Tonj continued in the following months, leading to clashes that left dozens dead and displaced many others.
1352:
ordered the release of nine POWs who had served as officers for Machar's rebel forces in November 2017, with governor Angelo Taban urging the released officers to encourage active rebel fighters in Wau State to surrender. In December, an important road between Wau and
1022:
Meanwhile, the official SPLM-IO leadership attempted to distance itself from the local uprising. It was estimated that the fighting in the Wau State had resulted in over 400 civilians killed, and up to 120,000 displaced. Of these, 12,000 had sought refuge in the local
856:
1030:
On 2 July, the new Governor of Wau, Andrea Mayan, declared that the situation in the state capital had been stabilized, with people being able to return home. A high level committee had been formed to investigate the clashes, and the curfew was lifted.
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party accused SPLA units in Wau State of ignoring the ceasefire and attacking the local opposition groups, thereby causing the insecurity and chaos in the state. He also said that, as the SPLA soldiers received their orders only from the government in
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immediately on a looting spree". Accordingly, the army had just defended itself and not preyed on civilians, though army spokesman Lul Rurai Koang said that it was possible that individual soldiers might have participated in the looting.
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bring independence of the country. But they have turned against the rest of the people. They think they are born to rule. We will not accept that." Three day later, sporadic, small-scale clashes broke out among SPLA units in Wau town.
1445:
By late 2019, a substantial number of SPLA soldiers stationed around Wau belonged to Mathiang Anyoor units. As non-native Dinka, they had few options to defect or desert, and were thus regarded as loyal to the government.
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were sheltered at Wau town, unable to return to their homes due to the ongoing fighting. On 20 January, heavy fighting broke out at Khor Natabu along the Bringi-Wau road, as SPLA-allied Dinka pastoralists from
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was the actual cause of death. Due to differing from the military's official account, the doctor in question was subsequently arrested, although the civilian authorities attempted to get him set free.
5687:
Blocq, Daniel S. (2017). "The grassroots nature of counterinsurgent tribal militia formation: the case of the Fertit in Southern Sudan, 1985β1989". In David M. Anderson; Γystein H. Rolandsen (eds.).
1515:"Mathiang Anyoor" is an umbrella term for SPLA troops who mostly belonged to the Dinka people, have been recruited from Northern Bahr el Ghazal's Aweil region, and were traditionally patronized by
4652:
1312:
Santino Akot Majok and Salva Ujok Achor, were confirmed to have surrendered. Fighting in the countryside continued, while ethnic conflicts spread to northern Wau State, where tribal fighters from
1229:
of the SPLM-IO for nine months, after heavy fighting with rebel defenders. On the following day, however, the rebels ambushed a government convoy as it returned to Wau town, and killed Brig. Gen.
1434:
Following the end of the clashes, the security situation in Wau State improved, and the relations between soldiers and civilians became better as well. Confidence-building efforts by the NGOs
2904:
1040:
On 7 July, another battle broke out in Wau town, resulting once again in a civilian mass exodus. By then, it was estimated that 150,000 people had fled Wau town, leaving it mostly deserted.
803:
Rivalries and violence between various ethnic groups have a long history in South Sudan. Many minorities in the country believe that their communities are threatened and marginalized by the
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On 3 August, commissioner Taban resurfaced, announcing that he had actually defected to the rebels, citing the abuse of civilians by the government as reason. At the same time, the
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document began to circulate on the internet that claimed that Lt. Gen. Mangar Buong Aluenge of the SPLA had plotted from the very beginning to remove and arrest Waya, while the
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In June 2018, fighting reportedly resumed between government and rebel forces, as SPLM-IO rebels claimed that the SPLA had started to attack them at Ngo-Baggari. According to
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The SPLA offensive continued unabated in the next months, resulting in clashes at Baggari, Bringi, Basselia, Mboro, Farajalla, Ngisa, Ngo Dakalla, Wad Alel, and along the
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Per the peace deal the Machar-loyal forces began to relocate to agreed assembly points in Wau State from 22 May 2019, when the first rebel battalion arrived at Busseri.
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for refugees who were displaced during the fighting. By December 2016 around 29,000 civilians had found shelter there; by July 2017 this number had swelled to 39,000.
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On 21 August, President Kiir finally approved governor Mayan's peace talks with the rebels of Wau State, while the governor also reached an agreement with the
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1503:. Their conflict has spread to northern Wau, however, and both groups have raided villages and attacked government soldiers, ignoring state authorities.
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could be reopened due to the improving security situation, while the military reportedly prepared a new offensive against rebel forces in Wau State.
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1519:. Both irregular militias, army units formed from these militias, and new, regular SPLA formations haven been described as "Mathiang Anyoor".
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2011:
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Democratic Movement (another rebel faction) all condemned the massacre in Wau town, with the government ordering the perpetrators' arrest.
5263:"South Sudan: Current (January 2018) and Projected (Feb.-Apr. 2018; May-July 2018) Acute Food Insecurity and Acute Malnutrition Situation"
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in self-defense. This militia then became involved in widespread massacres of Dinka from 1986, worsening ethnic relations even further.
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as suffering from an "Acute Food and Livelihood Crisis", while the state's east and north were considered "Borderline Food Insecure".
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initially maintained that the insurgents were members of the so-called "Islamic Movement for Liberation of Raja", supported by the
949:, broke out between SPLA and SPLM-IO, the latter claiming to fight in order to protect the local Fertit people from attacks by the
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destroyed a village. On 3 August, the newly appointed operations commander of the government forces in Wau, Mathok Akec, died of
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On 9 March 2017, a leading SPLM-IO commander in Wau State, General Faiz Ismail Fatur, announced that he was defecting to the
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5818:
5566:
5270:
4469:
4215:
3471:
1090:
824:
772:
563:
5093:
4630:
3537:
893:. The UNO consequently criticised the SPLA for breaching the national ceasefire by conducting offensive operations.
787:
or acting independently while using the SPLM-IO's name. The clashes resulted in the arrest of the state's governor,
4832:
3666:
2785:
1983:
4582:
4264:
3843:
1486:
The Luo tribal forces are not in open rebellion against the government, but fight against government-allied Dinka
5813:
729:
2183:
1477:, and reportedly led by Ali Tamim Fartak. These claims, however, have been contradicted by several news outlets.
3987:
2239:
1559:
971:
45:
4425:
3397:
1411:
1123:
211:
1499:
The Aguok and Apuk tribes fight against each other over "border disputes, grazing land and water points" in
921:
was overrun by rebels for a short time, resulting in the death of several bodyguards of the local governor.
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5032:
3640:
3736:
3087:
1332:
1170:
995:
4035:
1003:
Liberation of Raja". This group, government spokesman Makuei Lueth further claimed, wanted establish an
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
1382:
1114:
582:
1331:
spread in Wau State's countryside, leading to starvation and more refugees fleeing to Wau town, whose
1470:
1011:
820:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
4098:
1913:
1555:
1110:-Wau road becoming too insecure for the transport of goods, leading to food shortages in Wau town.
962:
685:
41:
4744:
860:
cantonment zones and be included in the ARCSS' security provisions. This was unacceptable to Gen.
1466:
1386:
1328:
1292:
1263:
It is not a war against rebels, it is a war of looking who is from that tribe and they kill you.
870:
734:
724:
188:
2727:
2040:
1321:
812:
744:
237:
1397:
in May 2018. Major General Keer Kiir Keer was appointed new head of the SPLA's 5th Division.
1390:
886:
719:
577:
439:
2348:"South Sudan's silent slaughter: Dinka massacre unchecked by regional, international groups"
1207:
1254:
881:
Allah, Bringi, Mapel, and the Bo River Post. Amid the fighting there were reports that the
704:
8:
1250:
1086:
966:
1053:
5720:"Insecure Power and Violence: The Rise and Fall of Paul Malong and the Mathiang Anyoor"
5692:
5383:
1596:
1406:
1394:
1349:
1309:
1220:
897:
788:
360:
345:
2808:
5750:
5730:
5704:
2548:
2462:
1317:
914:
890:
864:, the SPLA's chief of staff, who responded by mobilizing loyal army elements such as
492:
5067:
4980:
4854:
4604:
4560:
4491:
4447:
4377:
4189:
4145:
4009:
3935:
3913:
3765:
3688:
3614:
3563:
3515:
3493:
3419:
3267:
3242:
3138:
3061:
3036:
2988:
2937:
2856:
2625:
2429:
2407:
2156:
1952:
1800:
1631:
1360:
5388:
5042:
5037:
4745:"Back from Wau, UN South Sudan envoy says security improved, people returning home"
4220:
3740:
3014:
2967:
2731:
2404:"SPLA launches military operations against SPLA-IO forces in Bahr-el-Ghazal region"
2076:
1882:
1516:
1369:
1270:
1212:
1138:
991:
946:
938:
861:
792:
504:
476:
329:
106:
59:
5618:
5098:
1246:
1242:
1225:
865:
739:
572:
364:
5436:
5352:
4536:"Doctor arrested in Wau after ruling out food poisoning in army officer's death"
2905:"Report: differences between ousted governor, army commander caused Wau clashes"
1083:, the governor was sidelined and in consequence unable to control the military.
4767:"Fresh inter-communal clashes erupt between Apuk South and Kuac South Counties"
3161:"SPLA-IO commander accuses govt forces of arresting 25 civilians in Wau County"
1230:
1119:
958:
874:
749:
472:
197:
2521:"Opposition governor of Wau denies over 6,000 rebels joined national dialogue"
889:
conducted aerial attacks against both rebel as well as civilian targets using
5762:
5696:
4608:
2271:"Western Lake Governor Matur Chut Collapses, Surviving Death of his Brothers"
1500:
1313:
1004:
828:
819:. The animosity between Dinka and Fertit became deeply entrenched during the
699:
5437:"South Sudanese warring parties exchange accusations of breaching ceasefire"
808:
776:
133:
5295:"Ceasefire monitors accuse South Sudan forces, rebels of civilian killings"
2879:"SPLA chief of staff not behind the arrest of former Wau governor: officer"
1675:
1202:
1033:
1008:
954:
950:
807:
who have traditionally dominated the administration of southern Sudan. The
804:
768:
653:
586:
2728:"In S. Sudan, UN Knows of Fighting in Bahr el Ghazal, Internal Memos Here"
2103:"South Sudan: Rebels Declare Victory In Wau Fighting, Civilians Targeted!"
1348:
In a continued attempt to end the insurgency, SPLA Chief of General Staff
839:
5689:
Politics and Violence in eastern Africa. The Struggles of Emerging States
3541:
1487:
1238:
1179:
1158:
1154:
1127:
934:
848:
780:
541:
523:
514:
498:
486:
466:
453:
433:
416:
403:
390:
377:
355:
339:
323:
309:
296:
283:
270:
258:
245:
228:
180:
162:
141:
89:
4653:"Rebel Governor blames Juba's regime for starvation of civilians in Wau"
2831:"SPLA soldier killed in clashes between govt and opposition in Wau area"
1165:
escalated, leading to clashes and many deaths over the following months.
5740:"Identity and Self-determination: The Fertit Opposition in South Sudan"
4514:"Houses burnt to ashes in tribal fight in Marial Bai County, Wau State"
1671:"Violence erupts again in South Sudan as faith in peace deal flounders"
1435:
1175:
1162:
1770:"Plans for peace conference between two tribes in Tonj and Wau states"
1061:
where major clashes took place (red) between July 2016 and March 2017.
783:. It is unclear to what extent these rebels were actually part of the
5700:
3316:"Opposition party says Wau governor needs power to tackle insecurity"
2490:"SPLA-IO rebels announce capture of Ngo Baggari County, commissioner"
1419:
1393:, was the former chief commander of the 5th Division and rebelled in
1296:
1195:
1133:
1058:
986:
918:
906:
844:
816:
764:
618:
614:
85:
53:
3766:"Wau governor vows unfettered humanitarian access to affected areas"
5411:"Government, opposition trade accusations over ceasefire violation"
5094:"Former South Sudan military chief Gen Malong launches rebel group"
4124:"Announcement by the Government of Wau Federal State in Opposition"
2574:"Taban's faction claims over 1,000 rebels joined government in Wau"
2351:
2296:"SPLA operations commander dies of suspected food poisoning in Wau"
1365:
1149:
3689:"Wau state governor in talks with armed groups to end hostilities"
3615:"Wau state governor in talks with armed groups to end hostilities"
3290:"Wau governor says govt soldiers withdrew from Ngo Baggari County"
2073:"Residents Leery of Reported Calm in S. Sudan Town Hit by Rampage"
974:
believed that Waya's criticism of the army had led to his arrest.
855:
In 2015, the South Sudanese government and the SPLM-IO signed the
811:
are one such minority, and mostly concentrated in areas of former
5299:
5238:"Wau: Some displaced people returning home, others still fearful"
4903:"Over 145 firearms collected from civilians in Marial Bai County"
3037:"South Sudan former detainees condemn armed confrontation in Wau"
1361:
Paul Malong Awan's rebellion, renewed clashes, and ceasefire deal
1354:
1337:
1041:
877:, while the local SPLM-IO fighters intensified their operations.
3737:"Thousands of South Sudanese IDPs Take Shelter at Church in Wau"
3368:"Relief agencies call for unhindered humanitarian access in Wau"
3213:"Two SPLA soldiers executed by firing squad for killings in Wau"
1706:"SPLA-IO commander admits clashes with govt troops south of Wau"
1589:"Rebel, army clashes kill 43 near South Sudan's Wau: government"
1320:, though this was disputed by a local doctor, according to whom
5541:"Commissioner's top security guard shot dead in Baggari County"
4378:"South Sudanese rival forces trade control of Bagari town area"
2157:"SPLA chief of staff in Bahr el Ghazal for military operations"
1107:
5007:"Governors of Wau and Tambura to open road linking two states"
4010:"SPLM-IO welcomes appointment of representatives in Wau state"
2857:"South Sudan security arrests ex-Wau governor after dismissal"
2128:"SPLA-IO accuses govt troops of killing nine civilians in Wau"
1828:"Apuk South commissioner says his area was attacked by gunmen"
1628:"Over 40 people killed in South Sudan's town of Wau: official"
1376:
army chief, reportedly planned an attack on Wau in early 2018
5619:"Kiir apologizes to Wau people for South Sudan five-year war"
5068:"S. Sudan's 5th infantry division alert for imminent attacks"
4679:"Kiir's aid did not reach Besselia County, says commissioner"
3866:"SPLA-IO rebels say they repulsed government attack near Wau"
3011:"Thousands of South Sudanese IDPs Take Shelter at Wau Church"
2809:"South Sudan's government broaches topic of cantonment areas"
1474:
1287:
1015:
869:
counter-insurgency operations mostly belonged to tribes from
4877:"400 firearms collected from civilians in Marial Bai County"
1879:"South Sudan IDPs Take Refuge in Church, UN-protected Sites"
1853:"South Sudan's rebels accuse govt of truce violation in Wau"
1737:"Top SPLA-IO commander resigns, joins Cirillo's rebel group"
1556:"SΓΌdsudan: Neue Massenflucht und unklare Menschenrechtslage"
5033:"First Violations Reported of South Sudan's New Cease-Fire"
4855:"Wau former governor says his removal was a normal measure"
4811:"Wau governor accuses former officials of fueling conflict"
4723:"Over 150 hungry people from Bazia flee to Agok, Wau State"
4448:"Talks between Tonj Dinka and Luo communities get underway"
3914:"S. Sudan ceasefire monitors say team member killed in Wau"
3814:"Wau governor urges opposition fighters to join Taban Deng"
3187:"Wau governor plans to initiate dialogue with armed groups"
2964:"Hundreds Reportedly Killed or Injured in S. Sudan Attacks"
1103:
1080:
5594:"Civilian-Military Relations Improve in South Sudan's Wau"
5353:"SPLM-IO accuses South Sudan army of fresh attacks in Wau"
5211:"South Sudan: Soldiers Attack Civilians in Western Region"
4561:"Hunger kills 17 people in S. Sudan's Wau state: official"
4216:"Gunmen in Government Uniforms Go on Massacre in Wau Town"
2934:"S. Sudan army in control of Wau town after heavy gunfire"
1224:
later accused the South Sudanese Air Force of having used
5327:"Rebels accuse government of fresh attack in Ngo-Baggari"
4058:"Two rebel soldiers killed, three injured in Wau clashes"
3958:"3 dead, 2 wounded after exchange of gunfire outside Wau"
3084:"Sporadic gunfire in South Sudan's Wau throughout Sunday"
2381:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2369:
791:, widespread death and destruction in the state capital,
775:(SPLA) and local opposition forces, consisting of tribal
76:(2 years, 7 months, 1 week and 1 day)
4701:"Hunger situation improves in Besselia County: official"
4655:. South Sudan News Agency. 7 August 2017. Archived from
4356:"South Sudan government, rebels claim control of Bagari"
4168:"South Sudan government retakes Bagari town from rebels"
3494:"Kiir approves negotiation with armed opposition in Wau"
3420:"Security agents release citizens detained in Wau state"
3342:"Ngo Baggari commissioner defects to opposition faction"
2676:
2664:
2652:
2640:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1203:
Government recapture of Baggari and massacre in Wau town
945:
By 23 June, a larger battle south of the state capital,
5645:"SPLA-IO says its troops arrived at Wau assembly point"
3936:"Four arrested in Wau state over peace monitor's death"
3788:"Fresh clashes erupt in different parts of South Sudan"
3564:"SPLM-IO blames government over renewed clashes in Wau"
2961:
5718:
Boswell, Alan (October 2019). Rebecca Bradshaw (ed.).
5663:
5148:"Gun battle between government forces erupts in Mayom"
4213:
3062:"Wau's new governor unveils plan to restore stability"
2989:"South Sudanese authorities impose curfew in Wau town"
2688:
2366:
1910:"South Sudan's Wau: Fear and displacement one year on"
4955:"21 dead in tribal clashes over cattle theft in Tonj"
4209:
4207:
3711:"Talks between Wau government and opposition ongoing"
3589:"Government restricting humanitarian aid outside Wau"
3442:"Talks between Wau government and opposition ongoing"
2700:
2626:"FVP Gai to visits Wau over SPLM-IO cantonment sites"
1897:
58:
UN protection of civilians (PoC) site in the town of
4789:"3 women kidnapped in Gogrial state tortured, freed"
4400:"South Sudan's Kiir replaces army chief Paul Malong"
4312:"Cabinet orders arrest of Wau violence perpetrators"
3888:"CTSAMM officer brutally killed in Wau neighborhood"
3516:"Government to deploy police operations in Wau town"
2756:"SPLA spokesman denies aerial bombing in Wau County"
2178:
2176:
2174:
2012:"South Sudan: Renewed fighting in Wau forces exodus"
1980:"Clashes between SPLA-IO and SPLA on Tuesday in Wau"
1801:"Tonj state cattle herders withdraw over insecurity"
779:
militias as well as fighters claiming allegiance to
5515:"Humanitarian convoy reaches insecure areas in Wau"
4981:"Wau state authorities releases nine war prisoners"
4605:"Hunger death toll in S. Sudan's Wau state hits 27"
3468:"Road insecurity causing food shortage in Wau town"
1282:
834:
4306:
4304:
4204:
4190:"S. Sudan army recaptures Bagari town from rebels"
4089:
4087:
4085:
4083:
4081:
4079:
3665:. Radio Tamazuj. 27 September 2016. Archived from
3639:. Radio Tamazuj. 22 September 2016. Archived from
3591:. Radio Tamazuj. 23 September 2016. Archived from
3540:. Radio Tamazuj. 11 September 2016. Archived from
2515:
2513:
2511:
2315:
2313:
2234:
2232:
2230:
5463:"IOM: Over 31,500 people remain displaced in Wau"
5122:"Army officer linked to Paul Malong joins rebels"
4243:"Sporadic gunfire in Wau, multiple people killed"
3842:. Radio Tamazuj. 29 December 2016. Archived from
3816:. Radio Tamazuj. 27 December 2016. Archived from
3790:. Radio Tamazuj. 20 December 2016. Archived from
3663:"Relative calm returns to Wau town after clashes"
2782:"UN says clashes in Wau County violate ceasefire"
2171:
2122:
2120:
1847:
1845:
5760:
5489:"Fresh fighting erupts in Wau despite ceasefire"
5235:
4118:
4116:
3960:. Radio Tamazuj. 31 January 2017. Archived from
3890:. Radio Tamazuj. 25 January 2017. Archived from
3840:"Wau official says security situation is stable"
3713:. Radio Tamazuj. 19 October 2016. Archived from
3444:. Radio Tamazuj. 19 October 2016. Archived from
2936:. sudantribune.com. 26 June 2016. Archived from
2784:. Radio Tamazuj. 8 December 2015. Archived from
2758:. Radio Tamazuj. 8 December 2015. Archived from
2430:"Over 200 police officers graduate in Wau state"
2130:. Radio Tamazuj. 17 October 2016. Archived from
1007:in the region, but also included members of the
795:, and the displacement of up to 150,000 people.
767:from late June 2016 to January 2019 between the
4301:
4095:"South Sudan: Civilians killed in Wau fighting"
4076:
3470:. Radio Tamazuj. 10 August 2016. Archived from
2907:. Radio Tamazuj. 12 August 2016. Archived from
2508:
2310:
2227:
909:to destroy all SPLM-IO units in these regions.
5379:"South Sudan Cease-fire Violated Within Hours"
5292:
4929:"4 killed in revenge attack in Kuajena County"
4492:"150 former SPLA-IO forces return to Wau town"
4060:. Radio Tamazuj. 29 March 2017. Archived from
4034:. Radio Tamazuj. 27 March 2017. Archived from
3986:. Radio Tamazuj. 14 March 2017. Archived from
3583:
3581:
3396:. Radio Tamazuj. 6 August 2016. Archived from
3370:. Radio Tamazuj. 3 August 2016. Archived from
3344:. Radio Tamazuj. 3 August 2016. Archived from
3318:. Radio Tamazuj. 2 August 2016. Archived from
3268:"SPLA soldiers pullout from Ngo Bagari county"
3139:"SPLA says repulsed rebel attack in Wau state"
2568:
2566:
2406:. Sudan Tribune. 10 April 2016. Archived from
2213:"President Kiir swears in three new governors"
2117:
1842:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1153:Since February 2017, the conflict between the
1048:
291:(SPLM-IO shadow governor of Wau by early 2017)
112:Rebel forces maintain control of several areas
4287:"IOM: 8,000 people displaced by Wau violence"
4113:
3984:"Three people killed in Wau-Tonj road attack"
3292:. Radio Tamazuj. 28 July 2016. Archived from
3241:. Sudan Tribune. 23 July 2016. Archived from
3239:"Two South Sudanese soldiers executed in Wau"
3215:. Radio Tamazuj. 25 July 2016. Archived from
3189:. Radio Tamazuj. 20 July 2016. Archived from
3086:. Radio Tamazuj. 10 July 2016. Archived from
2957:
2955:
2833:. Radio Tamazuj. 25 June 2016. Archived from
2492:. Radio Tamazuj. 27 July 2016. Archived from
2321:"Two SPLA generals killed in ambush near Wau"
1982:. Radio Tamazuj. 14 June 2016. Archived from
1739:. Radio Tamazuj. 9 March 2017. Archived from
1708:. Radio Tamazuj. 29 June 2016. Archived from
1630:. Sudan Tribune. 29 June 2016. Archived from
1137:The UN protection of civilians (PoC) site in
669:
278:(SPLM-IO shadow governor of Wau by June 2016)
5591:
5174:"Stephen Buay captured in fighting in Mayom"
4334:"NDM condemns targeted killings in Wau town"
4146:"Dozens of people feared dead in Mapel town"
3163:. Radio Tamazuj. 7 July 2016. Archived from
3112:. Radio Tamazuj. 7 July 2016. Archived from
2881:. Radio Tamazuj. 4 July 2016. Archived from
2806:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2070:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1694:
683:
5567:"Parties agree to cease hostilities in Wau"
4032:"More than 10 people killed in Wau clashes"
3760:
3758:
3637:"Clashes erupt at Bringi south of Wau town"
3578:
3394:"Wau Governor takes steps to stop fighting"
3133:
3131:
2725:
2563:
2546:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2009:
1533:
1511:
1509:
4631:"136 IDPs from Besselia arrive in Wau PoC"
4555:
4553:
4214:Michael Atit; John Tanza (10 April 2017).
3262:
3260:
2962:Nabeel Biajo; Tito Justin (27 June 2016).
2952:
2928:
2926:
2750:
2748:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2031:
2029:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1233:, Col. Abraham Bol Chut Dhuol (brother of
676:
662:
52:
5737:
5205:
5203:
5201:
5199:
5197:
5195:
5062:
5060:
4833:"President Kiir fires Wau state governor"
4470:"Wau citizens report insecurity at night"
2588:
2385:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2290:
2288:
2258:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1953:"President Kiir fires Wau state governor"
1691:
1157:in Wau State and government-allied Dinka
317:(NAS commander of Western Bahr el Ghazal)
4583:"12 children die of malnutrition in Wau"
4265:"Death toll in Wau violence rises to 31"
3755:
3128:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2391:
2207:
2205:
2151:
2149:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2058:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1506:
1364:
1286:
1206:
1148:
1132:
1085:
1052:
985:
933:
838:
550:Western Bahar Ghazal Lion Forces (WBGLF)
5717:
5669:
4550:
3334:
3257:
3110:"More shelling in Wau Thursday morning"
3056:
3054:
2923:
2871:
2745:
2706:
2694:
2682:
2535:
2477:
2039:. Insider. 26 June 2016. Archived from
2026:
1967:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1646:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
365:
350:(SPLA Chief of General Staff from 2017)
14:
5761:
5192:
5057:
2620:
2618:
2335:
2285:
2240:"No security threats in Wau: governor"
2184:"SPLA releases 9 war prisoners in Wau"
1998:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1219:The government began to intensify its
5686:
2712:
2670:
2658:
2646:
2463:"Dozens killed during clashes in Wau"
2444:
2202:
2146:
2090:
2055:
1928:
1788:
1755:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1178:attacked local opposition-affiliated
929:
657:
334:(SPLA Chief of General Staff 2016β17)
4426:"Man found dead in Wau neighborhood"
3051:
2037:"SPLA soldier killed in Wau clashes"
1815:
1574:
715:748 Air Services HS 748 crash (2014)
250:Maj. Gen. Ashhab Khamis Fahal Ukanda
4747:. UN News Centre. 14 September 2017
3538:"Fighting breaks out near Wau town"
2615:
1611:
1493:
1480:
1299:; the UN rated western Wau per the
998:had found shelter by December 2016.
24:
5738:Vuylsteke, Sarah (December 2018).
4857:. Sudan Tribune. 16 September 2017
4835:. Radio Tamazuj. 15 September 2017
4725:. Radio Tamazuj. 11 September 2017
3691:. Sudan Tribune. 24 September 2016
3617:. Sudan Tribune. 19 September 2016
3566:. Sudan Tribune. 14 September 2016
2215:. Radio Tamazuj. 20 September 2017
1830:. Radio Tamazuj. 14 September 2017
1724:
1456:
1169:By mid-January 2017, about 28,850
883:Ugandan People's Defence Air Force
27:Armed conflict in Wau, South Sudan
25:
5855:
5271:Food and Agriculture Organization
4813:. Radio Tamazuj. 8 September 2017
4769:. Radio Tamazuj. 6 September 2017
4703:. Radio Tamazuj. 4 September 2017
4538:. Radio Tamazuj. 13 December 2017
2628:. Sudan Tribune. 30 December 2016
2549:"Human remains discovered in Wau"
2432:. Sudan Tribune. 7 September 2017
994:'s cathedral, where around 8,500
730:Operation Sankat Mochan (2016β17)
503:Col. Abraham Bol Chut Dhuol
5637:
5611:
5585:
5559:
5533:
5507:
5481:
5455:
5429:
5403:
5371:
5345:
5319:
5286:
5255:
5236:Zenebe Teklewold (9 June 2018).
5229:
5166:
5140:
5114:
5086:
5025:
4999:
4973:
4947:
4921:
4895:
4869:
4847:
4825:
4803:
4781:
4759:
4737:
4715:
4693:
4671:
4645:
4623:
4597:
4575:
4528:
4506:
4484:
4462:
4440:
4418:
4392:
4370:
4348:
4326:
4279:
4257:
4235:
4182:
4160:
4138:
4050:
4024:
3938:. Sudan Tribune. 26 January 2017
3916:. Sudan Tribune. 25 January 2017
3868:. Radio Tamazuj. 23 January 2017
3768:. Sudan Tribune. 20 January 2017
3422:. Sudan Tribune. 24 October 2016
1803:. Sudan Tribune. 25 January 2017
1283:New tribal conflicts, and famine
835:Increasing violence in Wau State
557:
540:
522:
513:
497:
485:
465:
452:
432:
415:
402:
389:
376:
354:
338:
322:
308:
295:
282:
269:
257:
244:
227:
205:
179:
140:
4791:. Radio Tamazuj. 23 August 2017
4681:. Radio Tamazuj. 22 August 2017
4633:. Radio Tamazuj. 11 August 2017
4585:. Radio Tamazuj. 23 August 2017
4002:
3976:
3950:
3928:
3906:
3880:
3858:
3832:
3806:
3780:
3729:
3703:
3681:
3655:
3629:
3607:
3556:
3530:
3518:. Sudan Tribune. 22 August 2016
3508:
3496:. Sudan Tribune. 22 August 2016
3486:
3460:
3434:
3412:
3386:
3360:
3308:
3282:
3231:
3205:
3179:
3153:
3102:
3076:
3029:
3003:
2981:
2897:
2849:
2823:
2800:
2774:
2726:Matthew Lee (5 December 2016).
2576:. Radio Tamazuj. 10 August 2017
2422:
1871:
171:Aguok and Apuk tribal militias
105:Government secures the town of
5679:
5293:Jason Patinkin (15 May 2018).
4563:. Sudan Tribune. 4 August 2017
4516:. Radio Tamazuj. 1 August 2017
4494:. Sudan Tribune. 8 August 2017
4380:. Sudan Tribune. 13 April 2017
4358:. Radio Tamazuj. 12 April 2017
4336:. Radio Tamazuj. 13 April 2017
4314:. Radio Tamazuj. 12 April 2017
4289:. Radio Tamazuj. 13 April 2017
4267:. Radio Tamazuj. 21 April 2017
4245:. Radio Tamazuj. 10 April 2017
4012:. Sudan Tribune. 23 March 2017
2323:. Radio Tamazuj. 10 April 2017
2298:. Radio Tamazuj. 4 August 2017
2159:. Sudan Tribune. 16 April 2017
1595:. 28 June 2016. Archived from
1560:Society for Threatened Peoples
1091:Sudan People's Liberation Army
972:Society for Threatened Peoples
825:Sudan People's Liberation Army
773:Sudan People's Liberation Army
74:23 June 2016 β 31 January 2019
46:ethnic violence in South Sudan
13:
1:
5809:Battles involving South Sudan
4472:. Radio Tamazuj. 30 June 2017
4192:. Sudan Tribune. 9 April 2017
4170:. Radio Tamazuj. 8 April 2017
4148:. Sudan Tribune. 5 April 2017
4126:. Nyamilepedia. 11 April 2017
3270:. Sudan Tribune. 29 June 2016
3141:. Sudan Tribune. 12 July 2016
3039:. Sudan Tribune. 27 June 2016
2991:. Sudan Tribune. 27 June 2016
2859:. Sudan Tribune. 25 June 2016
2523:. Radio Tamazuj. 20 July 2017
2273:. Nyamilepedia. 12 April 2017
2105:. Nyamilepedia. 10 April 2017
2071:Nabeel Biajo (28 June 2016).
1955:. Sudan Tribune. 24 June 2016
1526:
1124:Vice President of South Sudan
798:
710:Bahr el Ghazal retreat (2014)
445:
425:
421:Maj. Gen. Michael Majur Alier
5592:Michael Atit (21 May 2019).
4450:. Sudan Tribune. 8 June 2017
3064:. Sudan Tribune. 2 July 2016
2807:Waakhe Simon (30 May 2016).
2601:"South Sudan explodes again"
1429:
233:Brig. Gen. Augustine Charles
7:
4428:. Radio Tamazuj. 1 May 2017
2547:Darius Wani (30 May 2016).
2010:Haru Mutasa (7 July 2016).
1389:in February 2018. Another,
1049:Fighting in the countryside
823:, when the Dinka-dominated
101:Stalemate; peace agreement
10:
5860:
1383:South Sudan Patriotic Army
1115:South Sudan Police Service
924:
603:Several thousand fighters
583:South Sudan Police Service
304:(SPLM-IO spokesman in Wau)
2603:. Economist. 12 July 2016
2465:. The Niles. 29 June 2016
917:town in the neighbouring
821:Second Sudanese Civil War
695:
642:
626:
599:Several thousand fighters
593:
532:
408:Lt. Gen. Gabriel Jok Riak
372:(Wau governor until 2016)
220:
122:
66:
51:
39:
34:
5824:South Sudanese Civil War
5819:Massacres in South Sudan
1449:
1192:National Salvation Front
963:South Sudanese Civil War
745:Cairo Declaration (2017)
687:South Sudanese Civil War
648:70,000β150,000 displaced
458:Maj. Gen. Keer Kiir Keer
398:(Wau governor from 2017)
301:Col. Nicola Gabriel Adam
42:South Sudanese Civil War
1387:Northern Bahr el Ghazal
1293:2017 South Sudan famine
871:Northern Bahr el Ghazal
609:(in Momoi and Abushaka)
461:(5th Division, 2018β19)
109:, and most of Wau State
5814:Western Bahr el Ghazal
1471:Lord's Resistance Army
1377:
1322:sigmoid colon volvulus
1304:
1265:
1216:
1166:
1142:
1094:
1062:
1012:Lord's Resistance Army
999:
942:
852:
813:Western Bahr el Ghazal
763:Armed clashes took in
740:Pagak offensive (2017)
705:Bentiu massacre (2014)
645:(as of late June 2016)
385:(Wau governor 2016β17)
314:Gen. Faiz Ismail Fatur
238:Western Bahr el Ghazal
236:(SPLM-IO commander of
221:Commanders and leaders
1391:Stephen Buay Rolnyang
1368:
1290:
1261:
1210:
1152:
1136:
1089:
1056:
989:
937:
887:South Sudan Air Force
842:
725:Wau clashes (2016β19)
720:Battle of Juba (2016)
627:Casualties and losses
578:South Sudan Air Force
440:Stephen Buay Rolnyang
35:2016β2019 Wau clashes
5703:. pp. 172β186.
990:The refugee camp at
700:Battle of Bor (2013)
411:(5th Division, 2016)
5784:2019 in South Sudan
5779:2018 in South Sudan
5774:2017 in South Sudan
5769:2016 in South Sudan
5747:HSBA Briefing Paper
5727:HSBA Briefing Paper
3245:on 15 December 2018
2673:, pp. 177β180.
2661:, pp. 176β177.
2649:, pp. 175β176.
1310:lieutenant colonels
528:Gen. Thayip Gatluak
265:(SPLM-IO commander)
253:(SPLM-IO commander)
18:2016β18 Wau clashes
5693:Abingdon-on-Thames
5521:. 6 September 2018
5384:The New York Times
5215:Human Rights Watch
5045:. 24 December 2017
5013:. 11 December 2017
4961:. 28 February 2018
3743:. 13 December 2016
3017:. 13 December 2016
2940:on 12 October 2017
1885:. 13 December 2016
1634:on 12 October 2017
1407:Human Rights Watch
1378:
1350:James Ajonga Mawut
1305:
1221:counter-insurgency
1217:
1167:
1143:
1095:
1063:
1000:
943:
930:Battle in Wau town
898:Human Rights Watch
896:At the same time,
891:attack helicopters
853:
789:Elias Waya Nyipuoc
395:Angelo Taban Biajo
382:Andrea Mayan Achor
361:Elias Waya Nyipuoc
346:James Ajonga Mawut
215:(opposition claim)
156:(since March 2017)
5804:Conflicts in 2019
5799:Conflicts in 2018
5794:Conflicts in 2017
5789:Conflicts in 2016
5751:Small Arms Survey
5731:Small Arms Survey
5710:978-1-138-05961-0
5573:. 31 January 2019
5217:. 24 October 2018
5128:. 2 February 2018
4987:. 1 November 2017
4909:. 4 December 2017
2685:, pp. 10β11.
2246:. 11 January 2018
2190:. 2 November 2017
1273:
1141:in December 2016.
1093:soldiers in 2016.
758:
757:
652:
651:
646:
635:
610:
462:
449:
429:
412:
399:
386:
373:
351:
335:
318:
305:
292:
279:
266:
254:
241:
216:
201:
200:splinter faction)
174:
173:(since Aug. 2017)
168:
167:(since Feb. 2017)
157:
129:Local opposition
118:
117:
16:(Redirected from
5851:
5754:
5744:
5734:
5724:
5714:
5673:
5667:
5661:
5660:
5658:
5656:
5641:
5635:
5634:
5632:
5630:
5615:
5609:
5608:
5606:
5604:
5598:Voice of America
5589:
5583:
5582:
5580:
5578:
5563:
5557:
5556:
5554:
5552:
5537:
5531:
5530:
5528:
5526:
5511:
5505:
5504:
5502:
5500:
5485:
5479:
5478:
5476:
5474:
5459:
5453:
5452:
5450:
5448:
5433:
5427:
5426:
5424:
5422:
5407:
5401:
5400:
5398:
5396:
5389:Associated Press
5375:
5369:
5368:
5366:
5364:
5349:
5343:
5342:
5340:
5338:
5323:
5317:
5316:
5314:
5312:
5303:. Archived from
5290:
5284:
5283:
5281:
5279:
5267:
5259:
5253:
5252:
5250:
5248:
5233:
5227:
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5224:
5222:
5207:
5190:
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5170:
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5144:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5133:
5118:
5112:
5111:
5109:
5107:
5090:
5084:
5083:
5081:
5079:
5064:
5055:
5054:
5052:
5050:
5043:Associated Press
5038:Voice of America
5029:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5018:
5003:
4997:
4996:
4994:
4992:
4977:
4971:
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4968:
4966:
4951:
4945:
4944:
4942:
4940:
4925:
4919:
4918:
4916:
4914:
4899:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4888:
4883:. 2 October 2017
4873:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4862:
4851:
4845:
4844:
4842:
4840:
4829:
4823:
4822:
4820:
4818:
4807:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4796:
4785:
4779:
4778:
4776:
4774:
4763:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4752:
4741:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4730:
4719:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4708:
4697:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4686:
4675:
4669:
4668:
4666:
4664:
4649:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4638:
4627:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4616:
4611:. 23 August 2017
4601:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4590:
4579:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4568:
4557:
4548:
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4459:
4457:
4455:
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4422:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4396:
4390:
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4387:
4385:
4374:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4363:
4352:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4341:
4330:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4319:
4308:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4294:
4283:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4261:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4250:
4239:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4228:
4221:Voice of America
4211:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4197:
4186:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4175:
4164:
4158:
4157:
4155:
4153:
4142:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4131:
4120:
4111:
4110:
4108:
4106:
4091:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4069:
4054:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4043:
4028:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4017:
4006:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3995:
3980:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3969:
3954:
3948:
3947:
3945:
3943:
3932:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3921:
3910:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3899:
3884:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3873:
3862:
3856:
3855:
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3851:
3836:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3810:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3799:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3773:
3762:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3748:
3741:Voice of America
3733:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3707:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3696:
3685:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3659:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3648:
3633:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3622:
3611:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3600:
3585:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3571:
3560:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3534:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3523:
3512:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3490:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3464:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3438:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3390:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3364:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3312:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3264:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3235:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3209:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3135:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3106:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3080:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3058:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3015:Voice of America
3007:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2968:Voice of America
2959:
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2949:
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2930:
2921:
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2918:
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2901:
2895:
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2842:
2827:
2821:
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2818:
2816:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2752:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2732:Inner City Press
2723:
2710:
2704:
2698:
2692:
2686:
2680:
2674:
2668:
2662:
2656:
2650:
2644:
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2622:
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2608:
2597:
2586:
2585:
2583:
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2533:
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2530:
2528:
2517:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2501:
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2474:
2472:
2470:
2459:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2400:
2389:
2386:Vuylsteke (2018)
2383:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2344:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2317:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2292:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2267:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2236:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2209:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2180:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2153:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2124:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2099:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2077:Voice of America
2068:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2033:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2007:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1976:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1949:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1906:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1883:Voice of America
1875:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1849:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1824:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1797:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1766:
1753:
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1748:
1733:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1702:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1667:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1624:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1585:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1552:
1520:
1517:Paul Malong Awan
1513:
1504:
1497:
1491:
1484:
1478:
1460:
1370:Paul Malong Awan
1274:
1268:
1235:Matur Chut Dhuol
1226:chemical weapons
862:Paul Malong Awan
750:Juba raid (2018)
690:
688:
678:
671:
664:
655:
654:
644:
633:
608:
562:
561:
560:
545:
544:
527:
526:
519:Gen. Magok Magok
518:
517:
509:
502:
501:
490:
489:
481:
470:
469:
460:
457:
456:
447:
443:
437:
436:
427:
423:
420:
419:
410:
407:
406:
397:
394:
393:
384:
381:
380:
371:
367:
359:
358:
349:
343:
342:
333:
330:Paul Malong Awan
327:
326:
316:
313:
312:
303:
300:
299:
290:
287:
286:
277:
274:
273:
264:
262:
261:
252:
249:
248:
235:
232:
231:
214:
210:
209:
208:
195:
184:
183:
172:
166:
165:tribal militias
155:
145:
144:
68:
67:
56:
32:
31:
21:
5859:
5858:
5854:
5853:
5852:
5850:
5849:
5848:
5844:Battles in 2019
5839:Battles in 2018
5834:Battles in 2017
5829:Battles in 2016
5759:
5758:
5757:
5742:
5722:
5711:
5682:
5677:
5676:
5668:
5664:
5654:
5652:
5643:
5642:
5638:
5628:
5626:
5617:
5616:
5612:
5602:
5600:
5590:
5586:
5576:
5574:
5565:
5564:
5560:
5550:
5548:
5547:. 6 August 2018
5539:
5538:
5534:
5524:
5522:
5513:
5512:
5508:
5498:
5496:
5487:
5486:
5482:
5472:
5470:
5461:
5460:
5456:
5446:
5444:
5435:
5434:
5430:
5420:
5418:
5409:
5408:
5404:
5394:
5392:
5377:
5376:
5372:
5362:
5360:
5351:
5350:
5346:
5336:
5334:
5325:
5324:
5320:
5310:
5308:
5307:on May 31, 2018
5291:
5287:
5277:
5275:
5265:
5261:
5260:
5256:
5246:
5244:
5234:
5230:
5220:
5218:
5209:
5208:
5193:
5183:
5181:
5172:
5171:
5167:
5157:
5155:
5146:
5145:
5141:
5131:
5129:
5120:
5119:
5115:
5105:
5103:
5102:. 10 April 2018
5099:The Independent
5092:
5091:
5087:
5077:
5075:
5066:
5065:
5058:
5048:
5046:
5031:
5030:
5026:
5016:
5014:
5005:
5004:
5000:
4990:
4988:
4979:
4978:
4974:
4964:
4962:
4953:
4952:
4948:
4938:
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4927:
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4886:
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4858:
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4826:
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4809:
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4804:
4794:
4792:
4787:
4786:
4782:
4772:
4770:
4765:
4764:
4760:
4750:
4748:
4743:
4742:
4738:
4728:
4726:
4721:
4720:
4716:
4706:
4704:
4699:
4698:
4694:
4684:
4682:
4677:
4676:
4672:
4662:
4660:
4651:
4650:
4646:
4636:
4634:
4629:
4628:
4624:
4614:
4612:
4603:
4602:
4598:
4588:
4586:
4581:
4580:
4576:
4566:
4564:
4559:
4558:
4551:
4541:
4539:
4534:
4533:
4529:
4519:
4517:
4512:
4511:
4507:
4497:
4495:
4490:
4489:
4485:
4475:
4473:
4468:
4467:
4463:
4453:
4451:
4446:
4445:
4441:
4431:
4429:
4424:
4423:
4419:
4409:
4407:
4398:
4397:
4393:
4383:
4381:
4376:
4375:
4371:
4361:
4359:
4354:
4353:
4349:
4339:
4337:
4332:
4331:
4327:
4317:
4315:
4310:
4309:
4302:
4292:
4290:
4285:
4284:
4280:
4270:
4268:
4263:
4262:
4258:
4248:
4246:
4241:
4240:
4236:
4226:
4224:
4212:
4205:
4195:
4193:
4188:
4187:
4183:
4173:
4171:
4166:
4165:
4161:
4151:
4149:
4144:
4143:
4139:
4129:
4127:
4122:
4121:
4114:
4104:
4102:
4101:. 10 April 2017
4093:
4092:
4077:
4067:
4065:
4056:
4055:
4051:
4041:
4039:
4030:
4029:
4025:
4015:
4013:
4008:
4007:
4003:
3993:
3991:
3982:
3981:
3977:
3967:
3965:
3956:
3955:
3951:
3941:
3939:
3934:
3933:
3929:
3919:
3917:
3912:
3911:
3907:
3897:
3895:
3886:
3885:
3881:
3871:
3869:
3864:
3863:
3859:
3849:
3847:
3838:
3837:
3833:
3823:
3821:
3812:
3811:
3807:
3797:
3795:
3786:
3785:
3781:
3771:
3769:
3764:
3763:
3756:
3746:
3744:
3735:
3734:
3730:
3720:
3718:
3709:
3708:
3704:
3694:
3692:
3687:
3686:
3682:
3672:
3670:
3661:
3660:
3656:
3646:
3644:
3635:
3634:
3630:
3620:
3618:
3613:
3612:
3608:
3598:
3596:
3587:
3586:
3579:
3569:
3567:
3562:
3561:
3557:
3547:
3545:
3536:
3535:
3531:
3521:
3519:
3514:
3513:
3509:
3499:
3497:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3477:
3475:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3451:
3449:
3440:
3439:
3435:
3425:
3423:
3418:
3417:
3413:
3403:
3401:
3392:
3391:
3387:
3377:
3375:
3366:
3365:
3361:
3351:
3349:
3340:
3339:
3335:
3325:
3323:
3314:
3313:
3309:
3299:
3297:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3273:
3271:
3266:
3265:
3258:
3248:
3246:
3237:
3236:
3232:
3222:
3220:
3211:
3210:
3206:
3196:
3194:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3170:
3168:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3144:
3142:
3137:
3136:
3129:
3119:
3117:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3093:
3091:
3082:
3081:
3077:
3067:
3065:
3060:
3059:
3052:
3042:
3040:
3035:
3034:
3030:
3020:
3018:
3009:
3008:
3004:
2994:
2992:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2972:
2970:
2960:
2953:
2943:
2941:
2932:
2931:
2924:
2914:
2912:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2888:
2886:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2862:
2860:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2840:
2838:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2814:
2812:
2805:
2801:
2791:
2789:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2765:
2763:
2754:
2753:
2746:
2736:
2734:
2724:
2713:
2705:
2701:
2697:, pp. 3β4.
2693:
2689:
2681:
2677:
2669:
2665:
2657:
2653:
2645:
2641:
2631:
2629:
2624:
2623:
2616:
2606:
2604:
2599:
2598:
2589:
2579:
2577:
2572:
2571:
2564:
2554:
2552:
2545:
2536:
2526:
2524:
2519:
2518:
2509:
2499:
2497:
2488:
2487:
2478:
2468:
2466:
2461:
2460:
2445:
2435:
2433:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2413:
2411:
2410:on 1 April 2018
2402:
2401:
2392:
2384:
2367:
2357:
2355:
2354:. 13 April 2017
2346:
2345:
2336:
2326:
2324:
2319:
2318:
2311:
2301:
2299:
2294:
2293:
2286:
2276:
2274:
2269:
2268:
2259:
2249:
2247:
2238:
2237:
2228:
2218:
2216:
2211:
2210:
2203:
2193:
2191:
2182:
2181:
2172:
2162:
2160:
2155:
2154:
2147:
2137:
2135:
2126:
2125:
2118:
2108:
2106:
2101:
2100:
2091:
2081:
2079:
2069:
2056:
2046:
2044:
2035:
2034:
2027:
2017:
2015:
2008:
1999:
1989:
1987:
1978:
1977:
1968:
1958:
1956:
1951:
1950:
1929:
1919:
1917:
1908:
1907:
1898:
1888:
1886:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1862:
1860:
1851:
1850:
1843:
1833:
1831:
1826:
1825:
1816:
1806:
1804:
1799:
1798:
1789:
1779:
1777:
1768:
1767:
1756:
1746:
1744:
1735:
1734:
1725:
1715:
1713:
1704:
1703:
1692:
1682:
1680:
1669:
1668:
1647:
1637:
1635:
1626:
1625:
1612:
1602:
1600:
1599:on 28 June 2016
1587:
1586:
1575:
1565:
1563:
1554:
1553:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1523:
1514:
1507:
1498:
1494:
1485:
1481:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1432:
1363:
1285:
1276:
1267:
1205:
1051:
932:
927:
866:Mathiang Anyoor
837:
801:
761:
760:
759:
754:
691:
686:
684:
682:
647:
632:7,000 defected
589:tribal militias
585:
573:Mathiang Anyoor
558:
556:
539:
521:
520:
512:
511:
505:
496:
495:
484:
483:
477:
464:
463:
459:
451:
450:
444:(5th Division,
442:
431:
430:
424:(5th Division,
422:
414:
413:
409:
401:
400:
396:
388:
387:
383:
375:
374:
370:
353:
352:
348:
337:
336:
332:
321:
315:
307:
306:
302:
294:
293:
289:
281:
280:
276:
268:
267:
256:
255:
251:
243:
242:
234:
226:
206:
204:
178:
170:
160:
139:
136:tribal militias
92:
75:
57:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5857:
5847:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5756:
5755:
5735:
5715:
5709:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5675:
5674:
5670:Boswell (2019)
5662:
5636:
5625:. 6 March 2019
5610:
5584:
5558:
5532:
5506:
5495:. 20 July 2018
5480:
5454:
5428:
5417:. 30 June 2018
5402:
5391:. 30 June 2018
5370:
5359:. 26 June 2018
5344:
5333:. 15 June 2018
5318:
5285:
5254:
5228:
5191:
5165:
5139:
5113:
5085:
5056:
5024:
4998:
4972:
4946:
4935:. 1 March 2018
4920:
4894:
4868:
4846:
4824:
4802:
4780:
4758:
4736:
4714:
4692:
4670:
4644:
4622:
4596:
4574:
4549:
4527:
4505:
4483:
4461:
4439:
4417:
4391:
4369:
4347:
4325:
4300:
4278:
4256:
4234:
4203:
4181:
4159:
4137:
4112:
4075:
4049:
4023:
4001:
3975:
3949:
3927:
3905:
3879:
3857:
3831:
3805:
3779:
3754:
3728:
3702:
3680:
3654:
3628:
3606:
3577:
3555:
3529:
3507:
3485:
3459:
3433:
3411:
3385:
3359:
3333:
3307:
3281:
3256:
3230:
3204:
3178:
3152:
3127:
3101:
3075:
3050:
3028:
3002:
2980:
2951:
2922:
2896:
2870:
2848:
2822:
2799:
2773:
2744:
2711:
2707:Boswell (2019)
2699:
2695:Boswell (2019)
2687:
2683:Boswell (2019)
2675:
2663:
2651:
2639:
2614:
2587:
2562:
2534:
2507:
2476:
2443:
2421:
2390:
2365:
2334:
2309:
2284:
2257:
2226:
2201:
2170:
2145:
2116:
2089:
2054:
2025:
1997:
1966:
1927:
1896:
1870:
1859:. 25 June 2018
1841:
1814:
1787:
1776:. 14 June 2017
1754:
1723:
1690:
1645:
1610:
1573:
1562:. 27 June 2016
1531:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1505:
1492:
1479:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1431:
1428:
1362:
1359:
1318:food poisoning
1295:also affected
1284:
1281:
1260:
1231:Peter Par Jiek
1204:
1201:
1120:Taban Deng Gai
1050:
1047:
959:United Nations
957:abuses by the
931:
928:
926:
923:
903:Bahr el Ghazal
836:
833:
800:
797:
756:
755:
753:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
696:
693:
692:
681:
680:
673:
666:
658:
650:
649:
640:
639:
636:
629:
628:
624:
623:
622:
621:
611:
600:
596:
595:
591:
590:
581:
580:
575:
570:
553:
552:
551:
535:
534:
533:Units involved
530:
529:
473:Peter Par Jiek
319:
288:Dominic Ukello
263:Gissmalla Arnu
223:
222:
218:
217:
203:
202:
198:Taban Deng Gai
175:
159:
158:
150:
137:
125:
124:
120:
119:
116:
115:
114:
113:
110:
98:
94:
93:
84:
82:
78:
77:
72:
64:
63:
49:
48:
37:
36:
30:
29:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5856:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5766:
5764:
5752:
5748:
5741:
5736:
5732:
5728:
5721:
5716:
5712:
5706:
5702:
5698:
5697:New York City
5694:
5690:
5685:
5684:
5672:, p. 13.
5671:
5666:
5651:. 28 May 2019
5650:
5649:Radio Tamazuj
5646:
5640:
5624:
5623:Sudan Tribune
5620:
5614:
5599:
5595:
5588:
5572:
5571:Radio Tamazuj
5568:
5562:
5546:
5545:Radio Tamazuj
5542:
5536:
5520:
5519:Radio Tamazuj
5516:
5510:
5494:
5493:Radio Tamazuj
5490:
5484:
5469:. 6 July 2018
5468:
5467:Radio Tamazuj
5464:
5458:
5443:. 1 July 2018
5442:
5441:Sudan Tribune
5438:
5432:
5416:
5415:Radio Tamazuj
5412:
5406:
5390:
5386:
5385:
5380:
5374:
5358:
5357:Sudan Tribune
5354:
5348:
5332:
5331:Radio Tamazuj
5328:
5322:
5306:
5302:
5301:
5296:
5289:
5273:
5272:
5264:
5258:
5243:
5239:
5232:
5216:
5212:
5206:
5204:
5202:
5200:
5198:
5196:
5180:. 31 May 2018
5179:
5178:Radio Tamazuj
5175:
5169:
5154:. 31 May 2018
5153:
5152:Radio Tamazuj
5149:
5143:
5127:
5126:Radio Tamazuj
5123:
5117:
5101:
5100:
5095:
5089:
5074:. 8 June 2017
5073:
5072:Sudan Tribune
5069:
5063:
5061:
5044:
5040:
5039:
5034:
5028:
5012:
5011:Radio Tamazuj
5008:
5002:
4986:
4985:Sudan Tribune
4982:
4976:
4960:
4959:Radio Tamazuj
4956:
4950:
4934:
4933:Radio Tamazuj
4930:
4924:
4908:
4907:Radio Tamazuj
4904:
4898:
4882:
4881:Radio Tamazuj
4878:
4872:
4856:
4850:
4834:
4828:
4812:
4806:
4790:
4784:
4768:
4762:
4746:
4740:
4724:
4718:
4702:
4696:
4680:
4674:
4659:on 2017-08-18
4658:
4654:
4648:
4632:
4626:
4610:
4609:Sudan Tribune
4606:
4600:
4584:
4578:
4562:
4556:
4554:
4537:
4531:
4515:
4509:
4493:
4487:
4471:
4465:
4449:
4443:
4427:
4421:
4405:
4401:
4395:
4379:
4373:
4357:
4351:
4335:
4329:
4313:
4307:
4305:
4288:
4282:
4266:
4260:
4244:
4238:
4223:
4222:
4217:
4210:
4208:
4191:
4185:
4169:
4163:
4147:
4141:
4125:
4119:
4117:
4100:
4096:
4090:
4088:
4086:
4084:
4082:
4080:
4064:on 2017-04-02
4063:
4059:
4053:
4038:on 2017-04-02
4037:
4033:
4027:
4011:
4005:
3990:on 2017-03-20
3989:
3985:
3979:
3964:on 2017-01-31
3963:
3959:
3953:
3937:
3931:
3915:
3909:
3894:on 2017-01-25
3893:
3889:
3883:
3867:
3861:
3846:on 2017-02-02
3845:
3841:
3835:
3820:on 2017-02-02
3819:
3815:
3809:
3794:on 2017-02-02
3793:
3789:
3783:
3767:
3761:
3759:
3742:
3738:
3732:
3717:on 2016-12-20
3716:
3712:
3706:
3690:
3684:
3669:on 2016-09-28
3668:
3664:
3658:
3643:on 2016-09-23
3642:
3638:
3632:
3616:
3610:
3595:on 2016-09-24
3594:
3590:
3584:
3582:
3565:
3559:
3544:on 2016-09-13
3543:
3539:
3533:
3517:
3511:
3495:
3489:
3474:on 2016-08-11
3473:
3469:
3463:
3448:on 2016-12-20
3447:
3443:
3437:
3421:
3415:
3400:on 2016-12-24
3399:
3395:
3389:
3374:on 2016-08-05
3373:
3369:
3363:
3348:on 2016-08-04
3347:
3343:
3337:
3322:on 2016-08-04
3321:
3317:
3311:
3296:on 2016-07-29
3295:
3291:
3285:
3269:
3263:
3261:
3244:
3240:
3234:
3219:on 2016-07-26
3218:
3214:
3208:
3193:on 2016-07-21
3192:
3188:
3182:
3167:on 2016-07-15
3166:
3162:
3156:
3140:
3134:
3132:
3116:on 2016-07-11
3115:
3111:
3105:
3090:on 2016-07-08
3089:
3085:
3079:
3063:
3057:
3055:
3038:
3032:
3016:
3012:
3006:
2990:
2984:
2969:
2965:
2958:
2956:
2939:
2935:
2929:
2927:
2911:on 2016-08-13
2910:
2906:
2900:
2885:on 2016-07-05
2884:
2880:
2874:
2858:
2852:
2837:on 2016-08-16
2836:
2832:
2826:
2810:
2803:
2788:on 2017-02-02
2787:
2783:
2777:
2762:on 2016-01-12
2761:
2757:
2751:
2749:
2733:
2729:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2709:, p. 11.
2708:
2703:
2696:
2691:
2684:
2679:
2672:
2667:
2660:
2655:
2648:
2643:
2627:
2621:
2619:
2602:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2575:
2569:
2567:
2550:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2522:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2496:on 2016-07-28
2495:
2491:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2464:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2431:
2425:
2409:
2405:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2387:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2353:
2349:
2343:
2341:
2339:
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2014:. al-Jazeera
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815:, including
805:Dinka people
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762:
643:500+ killed
634:(gov. claim)
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569:5th Division
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491:Mathok Akec
478:
177:
161:
128:
123:Belligerents
100:
40:Part of the
5680:Works cited
5274:. June 2018
2811:. The Niles
2551:. The Niles
1327:Meanwhile,
1128:Riek Machar
961:during the
885:and/or the
849:South Sudan
781:Riek Machar
771:-dominated
471:Brig. Gen.
275:Peter Tingo
90:South Sudan
5763:Categories
5749:. Geneva:
5729:. Geneva:
5655:28 October
5629:29 October
5603:28 October
5577:28 October
5221:28 October
4404:Al Jazeera
4099:Al Jazeera
3968:31 January
3942:27 January
3920:25 January
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3872:24 January
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3747:24 January
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3452:5 December
3426:5 December
3404:5 December
3021:24 January
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2737:24 January
2632:24 January
2138:17 October
1914:Al Jazeera
1889:24 January
1807:27 January
1527:References
1467:government
1436:Saferworld
1385:rebels in
1176:Tonj State
1163:Tonj State
1122:, the new
799:Background
619:Mil Mi-24s
615:Mil Mi-17s
189:government
44:, and the
5701:Routledge
5049:2 January
5017:1 January
4991:1 January
4913:1 January
4887:1 January
4685:24 August
4663:18 August
4637:18 August
4615:24 August
4589:24 August
4567:18 August
4542:1 January
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4498:18 August
3522:25 August
3500:25 August
3478:13 August
2973:16 August
2915:16 August
2580:18 August
2302:17 August
2250:2 January
2194:1 January
2082:16 August
2018:16 August
1430:Aftermath
1420:Jur River
1372:, former
1301:IPC scale
1297:Wau State
1196:brigadier
1059:Wau State
1009:Christian
919:Lol State
907:Equatoria
845:Wau State
817:Wau State
765:Wau State
546:SPLA-IO
344:Lt. Gen.
328:Lt. Gen.
86:Wau State
4384:19 April
4362:19 April
4340:19 April
4318:19 April
4293:19 April
4271:22 April
4249:19 April
4196:19 April
4174:19 April
4152:19 April
4130:20 April
4105:19 April
3994:19 March
3378:6 August
3352:6 August
3326:6 August
2414:6 August
2358:19 April
2352:Fox News
2327:19 April
2277:19 April
2163:19 April
2109:20 April
1747:12 March
1271:Wau town
1247:Jur Beli
1243:Jur Modo
1213:Wau town
1139:Wau town
992:Wau town
947:Wau town
941:in 2009
939:Wau town
793:Wau town
613:Several
594:Strength
448:2017/18)
428:2017/18)
194:SPLM-IO
81:Location
5363:26 June
5337:19 June
5311:19 June
5300:Reuters
5278:19 June
5247:14 June
5184:14 June
5158:14 June
5132:14 June
5106:14 June
5078:19 June
4965:14 June
4939:14 June
4476:20 July
4454:19 June
4068:1 April
4042:1 April
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3300:29 July
3274:30 July
3249:29 July
3223:29 July
3197:21 July
3171:13 July
3145:14 July
3120:13 July
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2841:12 July
2815:18 July
2607:12 July
2555:18 July
2527:20 July
2500:29 July
2469:12 July
2047:12 July
1990:14 July
1959:12 July
1920:20 July
1863:26 June
1780:19 June
1716:12 July
1683:12 July
1638:12 July
1603:12 July
1593:Reuters
1566:12 July
1355:Tumbura
1338:sorghum
1042:Malaria
925:Clashes
785:SPLM-IO
638:Unknown
507:†
479:†
363: (
147:SPLM-IO
5707:
5447:2 July
5421:2 July
5395:2 July
5242:UNMISS
4432:22 May
4410:22 May
4227:22 May
1329:famine
1108:Yambio
1076:UDSF-M
1027:base.
1025:UNMISS
980:UNMISS
875:Warrap
809:Fertit
777:Fertit
607:1,200
475:
149:rebels
134:Fertit
97:Result
5743:(PDF)
5723:(PDF)
5266:(PDF)
1475:Sudan
1450:Notes
1395:Mayom
1161:from
1016:Sudan
951:Dinka
857:ARCSS
769:Dinka
587:Dinka
438:Gen.
5705:ISBN
5657:2019
5631:2019
5605:2019
5579:2019
5553:2018
5527:2018
5501:2018
5475:2018
5449:2018
5423:2018
5397:2018
5365:2018
5339:2018
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5280:2018
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5223:2019
5186:2018
5160:2018
5134:2018
5108:2018
5080:2017
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5019:2018
4993:2018
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4889:2018
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4775:2017
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4709:2017
4687:2017
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4544:2018
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4478:2017
4456:2017
4434:2017
4412:2017
4386:2017
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4295:2017
4273:2017
4251:2017
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4198:2017
4176:2017
4154:2017
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4107:2017
4070:2017
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4018:2017
3996:2017
3970:2017
3944:2017
3922:2017
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3874:2017
3852:2017
3826:2017
3800:2017
3774:2017
3749:2017
3723:2017
3697:2016
3675:2016
3649:2016
3623:2016
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3572:2016
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3524:2016
3502:2016
3480:2016
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3251:2016
3225:2016
3199:2016
3173:2016
3147:2016
3122:2016
3096:2016
3070:2016
3045:2016
3023:2017
2997:2016
2975:2016
2946:2016
2917:2016
2891:2016
2865:2016
2843:2016
2817:2016
2794:2017
2768:2017
2739:2017
2634:2017
2609:2016
2582:2017
2557:2016
2529:2017
2502:2016
2471:2016
2438:2017
2416:2016
2360:2017
2329:2017
2304:2017
2279:2017
2252:2018
2221:2017
2196:2018
2165:2017
2140:2016
2111:2017
2084:2016
2049:2016
2020:2016
1992:2016
1961:2016
1922:2017
1891:2017
1865:2018
1836:2017
1809:2017
1782:2017
1749:2017
1718:2016
1685:2016
1640:2016
1605:2016
1568:2016
1473:and
1464:SPLM
1462:The
1374:SPLA
1291:The
1171:IDPs
1104:Juba
1099:OCHA
1081:Juba
996:IDPs
967:Kiir
915:Raga
905:and
873:and
617:and
564:SPLA
186:SPLM
71:Date
1412:JEM
1333:IDP
1239:Luo
1180:Luo
1155:Luo
847:in
366:POW
212:JEM
163:Luo
153:NAS
107:Wau
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