372:. Safety regulations requiring that public buildings and facilities should be at least 1 kilometre away were not followed, and local inhabitants were unaware of the danger. The authorities stated that poor record keeping, damage to the office facilities and "major discrepancies" with customs meant that they were unable to identify the substances stored. State media revealed that Ruihai had only received its authorisation to handle dangerous chemicals less than two months earlier, meaning that it had been operating illegally from October 2014, when its temporary license had expired, to June 2015.
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388:. After 30 seconds, a second violent explosion occurred, causing most of the damage and injuries with shock-waves felt many kilometres away. The second explosion registered as a magnitude 2.9 earthquake and generated seismic shock-waves with energy equivalent to 21.9 tonnes of TNT. The resulting fireballs reached hundreds of meters in height. Around 23:40 (15:40 UTC) on 15 August, a series of eight smaller explosions occurred in the port as fire from the original blasts continued to spread. The total energy release was equivalent to 28 tonnes of TNT, or 100
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party declared that investigations would be thorough and transparent. Former deputy mayor Yang
Dongliang was put under investigation for corruption; mayor Huang Xingguo proclaimed his "unshirkable responsibility for this accident". Authorities released information about the ownership of Ruihai, as well as a confession by one beneficial owner for the proxy shareholdings.
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923:(RSF) accused the Chinese state media of playing up the heroic efforts of rescue workers and firefighters while downplaying the causes of the explosions and the number of casualties. RSF said that censorship by the Chinese authorities showed "a flagrant indifference to the public's legitimate concerns".
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banned all journalists from posting to social media, and insisted on strict adherence to Xinhua's editorial line. On 15 August, it announced that it had shut down 18 websites and suspended 32 more for spreading false information. More than 360 Weibo and public WeChat accounts which had allegedly been
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One month after the explosion, official reports listed 173 deaths and 797 injuries. Media reported the area to be densely populated, with around 5,600 families living within 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) radius of the plant, the closest being only 520 metres (1,710 ft; 570 yd) away. Neither
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The
Chinese public security minister threatened severe punishment for those found to be responsible for the explosions. However, the authorities did not release any significant information for several days about the chemicals and circumstances, causing public anger to mount during this time. Marking
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subsidiaries – Sinochem
Tianjin Binhai Logistics Company (with a 130,000-square-metre (1,400,000 sq ft) site) and Tianjin Port Sinochem Hazardous Goods Logistics Company Ltd. – had warehouses in close proximity to a primary and a nursery school, meaning that both were in similar breach of
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When the first rains after the initial explosions arrived on 18 August, white chemical foam covered the streets. Citizens complained of burning sensations and rashes on sensitive skin regions after coming into contact with rain droplets. However, meteorologists and health experts sought to reassure
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acknowledged that public scepticism of the reported death toll was fuelling rampant rumours; there was disquiet over the emergency assistance provided and the way the aftermath was being handled. Attempting to defuse widespread anger at the lack of official transparency, mouthpieces of the ruling
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was stored at the site – 70 times the legal limit. Sodium cyanide leakage was reported in the sewer. On 13 August, sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, all of which are toxic, were detected within 500 m (1,600 ft) of the origin of the explosion, but the levels conformed
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Less than a month after the disaster, the
Tianjin government announced a proposal to turn the site into an "ecological park", repurposing the explosion crater as a lake and promising a memorial to the victims to be built on site. The proposal was heavily criticized on Chinese social media, which
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Tianjin officials announced that as at the deadline on 3 September 2015, more than 9,000 households out of some 17,000 affected by the explosions had signed agreements to settle their damages claims. It was reported that some had chosen to sell their damaged apartments to private developers, who
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Immediately following the blasts, the company website was taken down, fuelling suspicions that an attempt was being made to shield owners with powerful political connections. For several days, local residents seeking compensation for their homes protested in front of the venue of the daily press
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The first reports of a fire at a warehouse in the Binhai New Area began coming in at around 22:50 local time (14:50 UTC) on 12 August. The first responders were unable to keep the fire from spreading. Firefighters who first arrived on the scene proceeded to douse the fire with water as they were
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noted, "Social media fills in the blanks left by official narratives of the
Tianjin disaster. The most remarkable feature of the aftermath of the explosions in Tianjin, in Northern China, has been the extraordinary contrast between the official reaction to the crisis, which has been profoundly
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Firefighting was suspended on the afternoon of 13 August due to the uncertainty of the content and quantity of hazardous materials being stored on site. A team of over two hundred chemical specialists was deployed to assess the hazardous materials on site and dangers to the environment, and to
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More precipitation throughout August in the Binhai New Area brought more complaints of skin irritations and burns from volunteers and journalists. A bright white foam manifested yet again on the streets in a similar manner to before. Deng
Xiaowen, director of Tianjin's environmental monitoring
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and China's highest work-safety official, under investigation on 18 August 2015. Yang had previously served as
Tianjin's vice mayor for 11 years. In 2012, Yang Dongliang had issued an order to loosen rules for the handling of hazardous substances, which may have enabled Ruihai to store toxic
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being prepared to neutralise the chemicals. Daily press conferences were organised. A press conference organised by local officials held on 14 August came to an abrupt end when a journalist began asking questions as to why such dangerous chemicals were stockpiled so close to housing estates.
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offered them around 130% of the original purchase price, while others accepted an offer from the local government promising to fix the damaged apartments. The local government offered an additional of ¥20,000 renminbi ($ 3,100) to those who agreed to settle their claims by the deadline.
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Observers stated that top officials always attempt to show such disasters as isolated instances, have never accepted political accountability nor addressed the underlying governance issues, and have always heavily censored any criticism of the central government. Willy Lam, professor at
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The morning following the explosion, military personnel began to arrive in
Tianjin to help with the search and recovery efforts. Extra equipment, such as bulldozers, were brought in to help with the clean-up operation. Over 200 nuclear and biochemical experts, including a team from the
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On 8 November 2016, various courts in China handed jail sentences to 49 government officials and warehouse executives and staff for their roles in circumventing the safety rules that led to the disaster. Yu Xuewei, the
Chairman of Ruihai Logistics, was sentenced to death with
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washed up on the banks 6 km from the explosion site on 20 August, fuelling fears of water contamination. Officials downplayed the fears, saying that there were not high levels of cyanide in the river and that the fish likely died due to oxygen depletion in the water.
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the developers nor the buyers were aware of the latent dangers of the activities at the nearby site; developers claimed also to be victims. According to the
Tianjin government, more than 700 people were injured by the explosion, many with extensive injuries, mostly from
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as a result of the initial explosions. Multiple buildings surrounding the blast site were declared "structurally unsafe". In total, 304 buildings, 12,428 cars, and 7,533 intermodal containers were damaged. Beyond insurance, the cost to businesses of the break in the
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determine the best way to put out the remaining fires and proceed with search and rescue and clean-up operations. Later that day, rescue personnel were dispatched in an attempt to remove the 700 tonnes of sodium cyanide believed to be stored at the site, with
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journalists, however, reported that some owners had faced heavy pressure from government officials to settle; similarly, owners who were employees in state-owned enterprises were under threat of dismissal from their bosses for not settling.
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Initially, more than 3,500 area residents were staying in temporary shelters, but the number surpassed 6,000 within three days. The government issued an evacuation order over concerns of further explosions; not all residents complied.
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Tianjin officials, concerned at the potential public response, announced initially that fourteen people had perished in the explosions, but later raised the death toll to forty-four once the scale of the explosions became clear. The
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Photographs and videos showed extensive destruction in and around the warehouse compound, with an enormous crater at the blast site. The buildings of seven more surrounding logistics companies were destroyed, and large quantities of
403:(JMA). Chinese scientists subsequently estimated that the second more powerful explosion involved the detonation of about 800 tonnes of ammonium nitrate, based on crater size and lethality radius (336 tons TNT equivalent, based on
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708:, and Dong Shexuan, who served as the company's vice-president and who had been arrested by police by the time of the reports. Dong Shexuan is the son of Tianjin port's former police chief Dong Peijun, who was a colleague of
67:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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to make an official visit, suggesting that the lack of a top-ranking visitor to a major disaster site within forty-eight hours despite the proximity to Beijing reflected "division among the leadership on who should be the
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reported that police had arrested twelve people with suspected connections to the explosions, including Ruihai Logistics' chairman, vice-chairman, and at least three other managers, with the other seven people unnamed.
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had reported the explosion on their early morning news at 7:00 am, but citizens complained that the station had not reported live nor updated on the event, instead showing soap operas eight hours later.
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The Tianjin Internet Police, on their official microblog, warned social media users to stick to official reports about the number of dead and injured, saying that there would be 'zero tolerance for creating
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Over 40 kinds of hazardous chemicals . As far as we know, there was ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate. According to what we know so far, all together there should have been around 3,000 tonnes.
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Hong Kong media announced that Li Liang, the major shareholder of Ruihai Logistics – owning 55%, was the nephew of former chairman of the CPPCC National Committee and ex-party chief of Tianjin,
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661:(SCMP) cited a Tianjin police source that officers had been instructed to remove bodies from the scene to deliberately understate the official death toll, which angered the Tianjin government.
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remarked on the inadequacy of emergency response and the reluctance of high-ranking officials to answer the public's questions or address their concerns until four days after the blasts. The
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the public that the rain was not directly harmful to health, whilst the Environment Protection Board advised against exposure to the rain due to traces of cyanide dust reacting with water.
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930:. A journalist from the Beijing News reported that he and two other reporters were chased by police, caught, searched, and made to delete photographs from their cameras and computers.
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On 15 August, local authorities ordered the evacuation of residents within a 3 km (1.9 mi) radius of the blast site, prompted by the threat of "toxic substances", including
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At around 23:30 (15:30 UTC), the first explosion occurred and registered as a magnitude 2.3 earthquake, generating seismic shock-waves energetically equivalent to 2.9 tonnes of
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The immediate cause of the accident was the spontaneous ignition of overly dry nitrocellulose stored in a container that overheated, according to the report, issued on Feb. 5.
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was the cause of the initial explosion. The official casualty report was 173 deaths, eight missing, and 798 non-fatal injuries. Of the 173 fatalities, 104 were firefighters.
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Apartment blocks 2 km (1.2 mi) from the site sustained shattered glass, loss of roof tiles and damage to ceilings – with 17,000 units being affected. Nearby
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when mixed with water, was deleted after it had been reposted 10,000 times; many other posts mentioning the existence of deadly sodium cyanide were also expunged.
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equivalent). Fires caused by the initial explosions continued to burn uncontrolled throughout the weekend, resulting in eight additional explosions on 15 August.
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reported that families of the firefighters killed in the explosions would each receive compensation of 2.3 million yuan (US$ 360,669), citing a report in
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A great deal of specific information on the event, including the majority of early stage video, was first released over social media sites, and in particular
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720:(CCDI), CPC's anti-corruption body, charged Wu Changshun with bribery in 2014; Dong Peijun was also under investigation for corruption, but died that year.
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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On Thursday morning, the Chinese leaders ordered officers in the city to make full effort in rescuing the injured, and search for those missing.
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beginning on 13 August. A Japanese department store four kilometres away reported damage to walls and ceilings. The explosions also affected the
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The warehouse building, owned by Ruihai Logistics, is recorded in a 2014 government document as being a hazardous chemical storage facility for
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The cause of the explosions was not immediately known, but an investigation concluded in February 2016 that an overheated container of dry
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issued the investigation report of the explosions. The report concluded the fire started in a container through auto-ignition of
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unaware that dangerous chemicals were stored on the site, thereby setting in motion a series of more violent chemical reactions.
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with the national standards. Gases were undetectable 2 km (1.2 mi) from the site during initial testing on 14 August.
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caused by the explosions was estimated at $ 9 billion, making it the third most expensive supply chain disruption of 2015.
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553:. A fire department spokesman confirmed that firefighters had used water in combating the initial fire, which may have led to
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spreading such false rumors have been "punished according to laws". Of these accounts, over 160 were shut down permanently.
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Close footage of the second explosion; footage ends when the camera and the surrounding area are destroyed by the shockwave
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several kilometres away, knocking out windows and causing some internal ceilings to collapse; the center's supercomputer
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The State Council ordered inspections of all businesses using dangerous chemicals and explosives across the country.
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Chinese Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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centre, stated that the foam was "a normal phenomenon when rain falls, and similar things have occurred before".
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joined in to criticise local officials' lack of candour and their use of bureaucratic jargon. In addition, the
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Huang, Ping; Zhang, Jingyuan (2015). "Facts related to August 12, 2015 explosion accident in Tianjin, China".
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2711:"Mystery white foam and burns reported as rain falls at Tianjin blast site sparking fears of toxic reactions"
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Initially, Tianjin authorities banned editors and reporters from sharing information about the disaster on
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conference. They were joined by distraught families of missing firefighters and confronted police angrily.
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derided the rushed announcement as an attempt to erase the damage and avoid accountability. The resulting
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3101:"Pick your poison: The firm behind huge explosions in Tianjin handles all manner of hazardous chemicals"
2109:"China blasts: fireball from Tianjin explosions injures hundreds and kills at least 44 – latest updates"
343:), is a privately held logistics company established in 2011. It handled hazardous chemicals within the
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3234:"Chinese state media's surprising suggestion for Tianjin blasts: actually tell people what's happening"
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stacks were toppled and thrown by the forces of the explosions. More than eight thousand new cars from
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1746:"China explosions: New blasts hampering search in Tianjin as residents evacuated over chemical fears"
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2045:"Amid new explosions and fires at site of Chinese blasts, there is confusion over evacuation order"
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A CNN correspondent was interrupted by bystanders and forced to leave during a live report outside
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suffered severe damage as a result of the explosions and was closed until 2016, as was the rest of
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It is not known what chemicals were being stored at the site. In addition to vast quantities of
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Tianjin Explosion video recorded by Daniel van Duren from a high-rise building in the vicinity
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The Tianjin internet police warned social media users to use only official casualty figures.
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2649:"Tianjin Aftermath: 'Chemical Rain' Leaves Streets Foaming, Residents Complain about Rashes"
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1198:"Hazardous properties of ammonium nitrate and modeling of explosions using TNT equivalency"
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879:. Major media has drawn heavily from social media sources, greatly widening the audience.
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2890:"China explosions: More than 6,000 displaced, in temporary shelters after Tianjin blasts"
1776:"Tianjin 'A Ghost Town' After Explosions, Evacuations Amid Concern Over Chemicals in Air"
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2425:"3,000 tonnes of dangerous chemicals were stored at Tianjin explosion site, say police"
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1104:"Tianjin explosion: China sets final death toll at 173, ending search for survivors"
4000:"Tianjin blasts: plans to turn site into 'eco park' mocked on Chinese social media"
1537:"Tianjin explosions: warehouse 'handled toxic chemicals without licence' – reports"
1383:(in Chinese). Tianjin Dongjiang Port Ruihai International Logistics. Archived from
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3265:"Tianjin blasts: Communist party insists there will be no cover-up as anger grows"
2492:"Tianjin explosions: sodium cyanide on site may have been 70 times allowed amount"
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The entrance to Haigang Park, built on the site of the original explosion, in 2021
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3940:"Weeks After Tianjin Blasts, Many Residents Await Compensation for Damaged Homes"
3520:"Tianjin Explosions: National Disasters In China Prompt Wave of Media Censorship"
2014:"China blasts: thousands seek refuge as Tianjin explosions death toll reaches 55"
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3299:"Tianjin blast: more warehouses accused of violating rules on toxic materials"
1890:"Death Toll in Chinese Fire Rises, Along With Anger at Apparent Safety Lapses"
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an official change of tack that suggested top-level endorsement, the official
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2680:"Chinese authorities investigate mass fish death near Tianjin explosion site"
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3716:"China Shutters 50 Websites For 'Inciting Panic' Over the Tianjin Disaster"
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flawed, and the online reaction, which has entirely dominated the agenda."
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3552:"Accountability in China. A blast in Tianjin sets off an explosion online"
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3877:"Journalist's diary highlights difficulties in reporting Tianjin blasts"
3612:"China's Censors Scramble to Contain Online Fallout After Tianjin Blast"
3330:"Four Questions Chinese People Want Answered After Deadly Tianjin Blast"
3207:"Top executives detained as China investigates Tianjin warehouse blasts"
3177:"Chinese Report Details Role of Political Connections in Tianjin Blasts"
2551:"Tianjin Death Toll Climbs as Crews Scramble to Clear Site of Chemicals"
2771:"Chinese officials, company executives detained over Tianjin explosion"
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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3970:"Tianjin announces compensations for martyred firefighters' families"
1920:"Update 10-Huge blasts at Chinese port kill 50, injure more than 700"
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3489:"China silences netizens critical of "disgraceful" blast coverage"
3454:"CNN, local Chinese media struggle to report on Tianjin explosion"
2983:"China explosions: Firm owners 'used connections to get licences'"
2741:"CNN, local Chinese media struggle to report on Tianjin explosion"
2455:"Searching Questions Asked in the Aftermath of the Tianjin Blasts"
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896:. The censorship rate increased tenfold on the social media site
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Ammonium nitrate, which is predominantly used as an agricultural
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were at the blast site. On 17 August, the deputy director of the
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1505:"Doubts surround Tianjin logistics company after massive blasts"
1479:"Chemicals at blasted warehouse not yet determined: authorities"
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3690:"AUTHORITIES SUPPRESS 'RIGHT TO KNOW' ABOUT TIANJIN EXPLOSIONS"
1653:"China explosions: What we know about what happened in Tianjin"
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1627:"Death toll in China's Tianjin explosion rises to 50: Reports"
3798:"Websites punished for spreading rumors about Tianjin blasts"
2797:"Tianjin detects harmful air pollutants, Beijing stays clear"
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3646:"Chinese authorities clamp down on Tianjin explosion tweets"
3362:"Tianjin, China, explosions: 50 dead, more than 700 injured"
2171:"At least 17 dead as huge warehouse blasts hit Chinese port"
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1231:"Chinese Investigators Identify Cause of Tianjin Explosion"
823:, noted the highly unusual period of four days it took for
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399:, a geostationary meteorological satellite operated by the
3669:"Death toll rises to 50 in massive blasts at Chinese port"
3137:"China's disaster playbook falls short in Tianjin blasts"
3074:"China Jails 49 Over Deadly Tianjin Warehouse Explosions"
3048:"Chinese police arrest 12 in Tianjin blast probe: Report"
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2215:"Tianjin explosion destroys over 8,000 new cars in China"
2141:"China explosion: Drone footage shows Tianjin blast site"
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2860:"China explosions: Chemical specialists sent to Tianjin"
2398:"Supercomputer Tianhe-1A shut down due to Tianjin blast"
1075:"Tianjin blast probe suggests action against 123 people"
2920:"China Tianjin blasts: Evacuation of residents ordered"
2075:"China: Tianjin port explosion death toll rises to 121"
1449:"Tianjin blasts: Another of China's 'profound lessons'"
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Tianjin Dongjiang Port Ruihai International Logistics (
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Li, Jing; Huang, Keira Lu; Jun, Mai (26 August 2015).
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1715:"Winds change at Tianjin blast site, chemicals spread"
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2369:"Japan vehicles, factories damaged in Tianjin blasts"
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1597:"China explosions: Tianjin blasts 'on seismic scale'"
1567:"China explosions: Tianjin blasts 'on seismic scale'"
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Tianjin explosion video captures fear of eyewitnesses
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The explosion was large enough to be photographed by
3850:"Emotions run high at Chinese hospital after blasts"
2400:. Xinhua News Agency. 12 August 2015. Archived from
1884:
1882:
1721:. Reuters and Agence France-Presse. 15 August 2015.
1507:. Xinhua News Agency. 18 August 2015. Archived from
1399:
989:
60:
2671:
1189:
853:, and websites were ordered to follow state media.
16:
Explosions at the Binhai New Area of Tianjin, China
4074:"Casualties Increasing in Huge Explosion in China"
3909:"Tianjin Homeowners Tell of Compensation Pressure"
3292:
3290:
2953:"What Tianjin disaster tells us about HK's future"
2789:
2416:
2107:Phipps, Claire; Weaver, Matthew (13 August 2015).
1863:
1861:
1151:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2102:
2100:
1879:
1497:
631:Video of the aftermath and interviews with locals
284:On 12 August 2015, a series of explosions at the
4242:
2947:
2945:
1748:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Reuters.
1683:"Huge explosion in Chinese port city of Tianjin"
1530:
1528:
1526:
1481:(in Chinese). Xinhua News Agency. Archived from
1202:Environmental Engineering and Management Journal
641:General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party
3800:. I Cross China. 16 August 2015. Archived from
3287:
3130:
3128:
3126:
2640:
1858:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1098:
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4150:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3162:
2545:
2543:
2447:
2297:
2097:
2012:Ryan, Fergus; Phillips, Tom (14 August 2015).
1958:(in Chinese). 2 September 2015. Archived from
85:accompanying your translation by providing an
51:Click for important translation instructions.
38:expand this article with text translated from
4136:
4033:Extended panoramic view of Tianjin blast site
3582:"Media Directives on Tianjin Port Explosions"
3098:
2942:
2422:
1743:
1523:
1048:List of accidents and disasters by death toll
420:
352:
338:
332:
4063:(official site) (in Chinese), archived from
3123:
3040:
3012:
3010:
3008:
2702:
2312:"China's Response to the Tianjin Explosions"
2106:
2011:
1351:"大爆炸倉庫違規經營 老闆是李瑞環姪 – 蘋果日報 – 要聞港聞 – 20150815"
1332:
1093:
806:Meanwhile, Greenpeace Asia alleged that two
718:Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
3842:
3692:. Reports Without Borders. 18 August 2015.
3604:
3544:
3199:
3159:
3066:
2975:
2632:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2540:
2185:"Large Explosion Burns 8,000 Cars in China"
2133:
1984:(in Chinese). Sina Corp. 2 September 2015.
1222:
892:Professional and social media reports were
887:
4143:
4129:
4043:Drone video of Tianjin explosion aftermath
3225:
2708:
2275:"EventWatch 2015 Annual Report | Resilinc"
1828:
1773:
1769:
1767:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1229:Jean-François Tremblay (8 February 2016).
1195:
1160:
127:
3938:Hernández, Javier C. (4 September 2015).
3937:
3868:
3816:
3790:
3764:
3738:
3708:
3639:
3637:
3574:
3388:
3354:
3005:
2912:
2599:
2573:
2514:
2390:
2036:
1944:
1213:
1043:Largest artificial non-nuclear explosions
649:Premier of the People's Republic of China
491:National Supercomputing Center of Tianjin
4291:Industrial fires and explosions in China
3517:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3296:
3262:
3231:
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2854:
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2768:
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2177:
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1798:
1737:
1707:
1675:
1476:
1373:
1196:Török, Zoltán; Ozunu, Alexandru (2015).
937:
617:
601:
432:
275:
3483:
3481:
3327:
2764:
2762:
2375:, Japan, 14 August 2015, archived from
2042:
1875:from the original on 24 September 2015.
1806:"Tianjin explosions visible from space"
1764:
1434:
1302:
1112:. Associated Press. 12 September 2015.
1077:. Xinhua News Agency. 5 February 2016.
1018:2019 Xiangshui chemical plant explosion
933:
4243:
3919:from the original on 12 September 2015
3684:
3682:
3667:Bodeen, Christopher (13 August 2015).
3666:
3656:from the original on 6 September 2015.
3643:
3634:
3451:
3398:. CNTV. 13 August 2015. Archived from
3111:from the original on 14 September 2015
2963:from the original on 19 September 2015
2777:from the original on 14 September 2015
1725:from the original on 24 September 2015
1577:from the original on 27 September 2017
1294:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
728:After the explosions, the CCDI placed
597:
349:Tianjin Maritime Safety Administration
4124:
4091:, QQ Maps Street View, archived from
3824:"传播涉天津港爆炸事故谣言 逾300微博微信号被查处 (Chinese)"
3440:
3414:
3309:from the original on 24 February 2017
3187:from the original on 15 December 2016
3174:
2849:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1974:
1472:
1470:
1241:from the original on 10 February 2016
1069:
1067:
561:, releasing the highly flammable gas
3950:from the original on 13 January 2018
3889:from the original on 29 October 2016
3874:
3660:
3511:
3478:
3232:Macauley, Richard (19 August 2015).
3147:from the original on 29 October 2016
3134:
3080:from the original on 9 November 2016
2993:from the original on 1 December 2017
2819:
2759:
2647:Varghese, Johnlee (18 August 2015).
2605:
2502:from the original on 26 October 2015
1912:
1534:
1276:from the original on 5 February 2016
1116:from the original on 1 December 2016
1081:from the original on 8 February 2016
695:
573:At least 700 tonnes of highly toxic
20:
4113:State Administration of Work Safety
4109:"天津港"8·12"瑞海公司危险品仓库 特别重大火灾爆炸事故调查报告"
3980:from the original on 5 October 2015
3856:from the original on 13 August 2015
3726:from the original on 17 August 2015
3696:from the original on 21 August 2015
3679:
3622:from the original on 15 August 2015
3592:from the original on 15 August 2015
3562:from the original on 19 August 2015
3532:from the original on 15 August 2015
3499:from the original on 13 August 2015
3466:from the original on 13 August 2015
3428:from the original on 16 August 2015
3372:from the original on 14 August 2015
3342:from the original on 14 August 2015
3244:from the original on 22 August 2015
3213:from the original on 21 August 2015
3054:from the original on 27 August 2015
2930:from the original on 15 August 2015
2900:from the original on 15 August 2015
2870:from the original on 13 August 2015
2837:from the original on 15 August 2015
2807:from the original on 14 August 2015
2747:from the original on 13 August 2015
2721:from the original on 21 August 2015
2690:from the original on 24 August 2015
2659:from the original on 24 August 2015
2614:from the original on 14 August 2015
2587:from the original on 15 August 2015
2561:from the original on 16 August 2015
2528:from the original on 15 August 2015
2465:from the original on 17 August 2015
2435:from the original on 2 October 2015
2322:from the original on 17 August 2015
2225:from the original on 16 August 2015
2195:from the original on 14 August 2015
2151:from the original on 14 August 2015
2121:from the original on 13 August 2015
2085:from the original on 25 August 2015
2055:from the original on 15 August 2015
2024:from the original on 14 August 2015
1900:from the original on 14 August 2015
1816:from the original on 13 August 2015
1786:from the original on 16 August 2015
1752:from the original on 15 August 2015
1695:from the original on 8 October 2015
1663:from the original on 14 August 2016
1633:from the original on 27 August 2016
1547:from the original on 18 August 2015
1455:from the original on 20 August 2015
1361:from the original on 16 August 2015
1320:from the original on 15 August 2015
734:State Administration of Work Safety
97:{{Translated|zh|2015年天津港危化品倉庫爆炸事故}}
13:
4088:Panoramic view of Ruihai Logistics
3778:from the original on 26 March 2016
3671:. Associated Press. Archived from
3028:from the original on 1 August 2017
2769:Grenfell, Oscar (29 August 2015).
2000:
1842:. 2 September 2015. Archived from
1607:from the original on 11 March 2016
1467:
1064:
913:Cyberspace Administration of China
667:International Atomic Energy Agency
133:Fireball from the second explosion
14:
4327:
4021:
3875:Zeng, Vivienne (18 August 2015).
3830:from the original on 4 March 2016
3752:from the original on 3 March 2016
3518:Hanrahan, Mark (13 August 2015).
3366:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
3328:Wertime, David (13 August 2015).
3135:Haas, Benjamin (18 August 2015).
2255:from the original on 8 April 2016
2043:Makinen, Julie (15 August 2015).
1988:from the original on 4 March 2016
1477:Shanglin, Luan (14 August 2015).
835:
551:other fatal industrial explosions
3297:Phillips, Tom (19 August 2015).
3275:from the original on 19 May 2017
3263:Phillips, Tom (17 August 2015).
3099:Zheping Haung (13 August 2015).
2827:"Timeline of Tianjin explosions"
2678:Phillips, Tom (20 August 2015).
2653:The International Business Times
2423:Vivienne Zeng (18 August 2015).
1928:. 13 August 2015. Archived from
1744:Huey Fern Tay (15 August 2015).
1418:. 13 August 2015. Archived from
992:
723:
25:
3992:
3962:
3931:
3901:
3452:Cheung, Eric (13 August 2015).
3092:
2733:
2267:
2237:
1645:
1619:
1589:
1559:
1535:Ryan, Fergus (18 August 2015).
1235:Chemical & Engineering News
894:censored by Chinese authorities
866:
840:
2340:
1357:(in Chinese). 15 August 2015.
1316:(in Chinese). 13 August 2015.
1256:
1128:
614:near the site of the explosion
95:You may also add the template
1:
3644:Custer, C. (13 August 2015).
3422:"媒体:天津大爆炸 别再让谣言"爆炸"(Chinese)"
3396:"《津晨播报》 20150813_津晨播报_视频_央视网"
3175:Levin, Dan (19 August 2015).
1774:Julia Glum (15 August 2015).
1058:
405:relative effectiveness factor
375:
326:
3525:International Business Times
2773:. World Socialist Web Site.
2345:(in Chinese). Archived from
2343:"津滨轻轨地铁9号线受损严重- 展开抢修 尽早恢复运营"
1780:International Business Times
776:
568:
7:
4301:Man-made disasters in China
4271:Environmental controversies
4266:August 2015 events in China
1008:2023 Yinchuan gas explosion
985:
919:Press freedom organization
771:
487:Line 9 of the Tianjin Metro
401:Japan Meteorological Agency
10:
4332:
4306:Ammonium nitrate disasters
4152:Ammonium nitrate disasters
2608:"媒体:天津爆炸现场下水沟检出氰化钠 说明已经泄露"
712:, the former chief of the
59:Machine translation, like
4256:2015 industrial disasters
4158:
3774:(in Chinese). Sina Corp.
3424:. iFeng. 14 August 2015.
2583:(in Chinese). Sina Corp.
1381:"关于瑞海-天津东疆保税港区瑞海国际物流有限公司"
921:Reporters Without Borders
428:
421:
353:
339:
333:
280:Location of the explosion
266:
250:
239:
234:Ammonium nitrate disaster
229:
190:
172:
162:
146:
138:
126:
40:the corresponding article
3076:. NPR. 9 November 2016.
3050:. CNBC. 26 August 2015.
2715:South China Morning Post
2581:"爆炸物主要为硝酸类化学品,下水沟里检出氰化钠"
2522:"爆炸现场下午将降雨 700吨氰化纳遇水生剧毒"
2245:"107页调查报告详解天津港爆炸事故真相-搜狐"
1869:"天津滨海新区爆炸事发地居民:希望政府回购房屋"
1629:. CNBC. 13 August 2015.
888:Censorship and criticism
821:The Jamestown Foundation
752:On 5 February 2016, the
658:South China Morning Post
525:'s fire department told
500:
497:itself was not damaged.
417:explosive blast injuries
337:), or Ruihai Logistics (
4286:21st century in Tianjin
4251:2015 disasters in China
3852:. CNN. 13 August 2015.
3616:The Wall Street Journal
3209:. CNN. 18 August 2015.
3018:"Poisonous connections"
1659:. BBC. 17 August 2015.
1451:. CNN. 17 August 2015.
1163:Process Safety Progress
1023:2015 Dongying explosion
873:microblogging platforms
300:storage station in the
122:2015 Tianjin explosions
106:For more guidance, see
1215:10.30638/eemj.2015.284
1033:2014 Kunshan explosion
1028:2014 Shanghai stampede
943:
714:public security bureau
632:
615:
547:explosive compositions
535:
523:public security bureau
441:
281:
214:39.03972°N 117.73639°E
4175:Nixon Nitration Works
3915:. 11 September 2015.
1952:"155位"8–12"事故遇难者身份公开"
1836:"155位"8–12"事故遇难者身份公开"
1310:"天津爆炸企业"瑞海物流"是个什么公司?"
1013:2020 Beirut explosion
957:On 10 September 2015
941:
819:and senior fellow at
630:
605:
531:
436:
279:
108:Knowledge:Translation
79:copyright attribution
4316:Disasters in Tianjin
3882:Hong Kong Free Press
3748:(in Chinese). Sohu.
3459:Hong Kong Free Press
3141:Hong Kong Free Press
2429:Hong Kong Free Press
2379:on 13 September 2015
1982:"天津滨海爆炸事故遇难人数升至159人"
1410:"天津爆炸:消防员未被告知不能用水灭火"
1147:– via BBC News
1038:1988 PEPCON disaster
934:Clean-up and redress
483:Donghai Road Station
447:intermodal container
439:Donghai Road Station
312:(approx. 256 tonnes
4281:Explosions in China
4217:West Fertilizer Co.
3913:China Digital Times
3772:"网信办查处50家涉天津爆炸谣言网站"
3586:China Digital Times
3402:on 23 February 2016
2373:The Yomiuri Shimbun
1962:on 4 September 2015
1846:on 4 September 2015
766:a two-year reprieve
608:security inspectors
598:Immediate aftermath
219:39.03972; 117.73639
210: /
123:
4276:Explosions in 2015
4006:. 6 September 2015
3944:The New York Times
3746:"'方圆一公里无生命迹象'?谣言!"
3722:. 17 August 2015.
3675:on 15 August 2015.
3618:. 14 August 2015.
3588:. 15 August 2015.
3558:. 18 August 2015.
3495:. 13 August 2015.
3368:. 13 August 2015.
3181:The New York Times
3024:. 22 August 2015.
2989:. 19 August 2015.
2959:. 20 August 2015.
2926:. 14 August 2015.
2896:. 15 August 2015.
2866:. 13 August 2015.
2833:. 13 August 2015.
2803:. 13 August 2015.
2743:. 13 August 2015.
2557:. 16 August 2015.
2498:. 16 August 2015.
2461:. 14 August 2015.
2318:. 17 August 2015.
2221:. 14 August 2015.
2191:. 13 August 2015.
2147:. 13 August 2015.
2081:. 22 August 2015.
2079:The Indian Express
1896:. 14 August 2015.
1894:The New York Times
1812:. 13 August 2015.
1691:. 12 August 2015.
1603:. 13 August 2015.
1573:. 13 August 2015.
1053:List of explosions
950:The New York Times
944:
860:Tianjin Television
754:Chinese government
737:chemicals such as
732:, Director of the
633:
616:
585:Thousands of dead
517:and 500 tonnes of
442:
334:天津东疆保税港区瑞海国际物流有限公司
282:
267:Non-fatal injuries
121:
87:interlanguage link
4296:Scandals in China
4238:
4237:
4067:on 12 August 2015
4049:, 14 August 2015.
4039:, 14 August 2015.
3804:on 17 August 2015
2404:on 14 August 2015
2173:. 12 August 2015.
2049:Los Angeles Times
1932:on 15 August 2015
1511:on 18 August 2015
1485:on 14 August 2015
1422:on 13 August 2015
1387:on 14 August 2015
1208:(11): 2671–2678.
1175:10.1002/prs.11789
696:Company ownership
675:hydrogen peroxide
628:
557:being sprayed on
519:potassium nitrate
437:Destroyed car at
370:potassium nitrate
274:
273:
254:173 (including 8
243:Auto-ignition of
119:
118:
52:
48:
4323:
4145:
4138:
4131:
4122:
4121:
4116:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4095:on 31 March 2015
4081:
4080:, 13 August 2015
4068:
4060:Ruihai Logistics
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4015:
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4011:
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2281:. Archived from
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1314:The Beijing News
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716:of Tianjin. The
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515:ammonium nitrate
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543:oxidizing agent
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345:Port of Tianjin
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286:Port of Tianjin
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1871:. guancha.cn.
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834:
800:People's Daily
789:People's Daily
778:
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758:nitrocellulose
744:On 27 August,
739:sodium cyanide
730:Yang Dongliang
725:
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687:sodium cyanide
599:
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575:sodium cyanide
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507:sodium cyanide
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928:TEDA Hospital
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881:The Economist
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724:Investigation
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269:
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260:presumed dead
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36:You can help
32:
23:
22:
19:
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4112:
4097:, retrieved
4093:the original
4087:
4077:
4065:the original
4059:
4046:
4037:New China TV
4036:
4008:. Retrieved
4004:The Guardian
4003:
3994:
3982:. Retrieved
3973:
3964:
3954:16 September
3952:. Retrieved
3943:
3933:
3923:12 September
3921:. Retrieved
3912:
3903:
3891:. Retrieved
3880:
3870:
3858:. Retrieved
3844:
3832:. Retrieved
3818:
3806:. Retrieved
3802:the original
3792:
3780:. Retrieved
3766:
3754:. Retrieved
3740:
3728:. Retrieved
3719:
3710:
3698:. Retrieved
3673:the original
3662:
3650:Tech in Asia
3649:
3624:. Retrieved
3615:
3606:
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