510:
is happening, but quietly. They don't want a target on their back." Acworth had announced several weeks earlier that he was shopping for office/production space in Las Vegas. The article also mentions the ease of production relative to
California by stating that Nevada requires film permits only for specific locations and conditions. It states, "Shooting on private property, frequently the choice of porn producers, requires no permit or notification, and the state has no explicit regulations about condom use." The article also quotes a technician with knowledge of the mainstream film industry in Southern California and Nevada. Jim Reid of JR Lighting, one of Nevada's largest production rental companies stated, "A lot of people I know in the mainstream industry started out in the adult industry in California. It's a very good training ground."
581:
maybe it's a little uncomfortable. She didn't realize why we have to have sex from 45 minutes to an hour, sometimes longer, and why that was necessary. She didn't know that the dangers of it, like if the condom breaks, and that we could get more STI's with the micro-tears, and just the condoms in general: Swelling, yeast infections, things of that nature—she just had no idea." "She also didn't know about the doctors with the FSC that help make the decisions," Chance added. "It's not just a couple of people in a building making decisions for the whole industry. They don't even make decisions on the moratoriums; a doctor does, and she had no idea about that and what the testing protocols—how the doctors work with them to make the most safe tests available; she had no idea.
2407:
642:
found it necessary to rewrite a portion of the measure in order to salvage a small portion of the measure and refused, at this time, to accept the adult industry's own regulations by imposing an unfunded mandate upon the county by AHF." AIDS Healthcare
Foundation president Michael Weinstein stated, "Today's ruling that requiring condoms in porn is constitutional is just a tremendous, tremendous victory, one that will go a long way to safeguard the health and safety of those adult performers working in the industry." Vivid filed an appeal.
58:
80:
537:, 64th District) introduced Assembly Bill 1576. Like its failed predecessor, AB640 in 2013 (also introduced by Hall), the bill is a statewide version of Measure B that affects Los Angeles County only and makes it a criminal offense to violate its provisions. The bill also imposes a controversial government mandate on testing, forcing producers to disclose performers'
362:
breaks, attempting to endure the friction of the condom in your vagina or anus is...impossible. And to do this daily amounts to an occupational work hazard. Of course, due to the lack of respect towards the adult business and blatant disregard from society regarding the sexual comfort or even opinions of female performers, none of this mattered. No one asked us."
634:
Pregerson wrote, "Given that adult filming could occur almost anywhere, Measure B would seem to authorize a health officer to enter and search any part of a private home in the middle of the night, because he suspects violations are occurring. This is unconstitutional because it is akin to a general warrant...".
669:
On
December 15, the appeals court panel affirmed the lower court's order denying a motion to overturn Measure B. In the ruling, it was stated that "the district court did not abuse its discretion in holding that the invalid portions of Measure B (allowing for modification, suspension, and revocation
509:
CEO Peter
Acworth". In the article Acworth is quoted as saying, "Vegas is looking more and more attractive as time goes by... I think that a lot of companies are doing what we're doing. They're setting up satellite offices and getting their feet wet with Vegas as a potential place to shoot. The move
707:
Today's ruling is a total vindication of AHF's position. We call on Los
Angeles County for full enforcement of this law now. As the lower court said, they need to set fees based on actual cost. The porn industry has considered every option but following the law. Now it's time to do what fifty-seven
633:
Judge
Pregerson agreed that some of the provisions and language of measure were too vague and did not sufficiently explain condom use when other sex acts were being filmed. He also questioned the manner of inspections to be conducted and agreed with the industry that their rights could be violated.
580:
We told we have our own self-regulation..." "We told her we wanted to have our voices heard. They'd had no performer input on this. About condoms and chafing and micro-tears, it didn't seem like she really knew all the details of that. She compared it to a dentist being forced to wear gloves, and
361:
reiterated
Hartley and Stoya's comments regarding the impracticality of imposing condoms on the industry. Reign said, "Want to know a dirty secret that Measure B proponents, who say what they did was in the interest of us supposedly helpless performers, never brought up? After hours of sex with no
641:
said in a statement that he is pleased with the decision regarding the enforcement questions, but plans to appeal the part of the ruling that upholds the measure. He stated, "We won most everything we sought to be determined unconstitutional with
Measure B. We are, however, disappointed the Court
432:
region), was quoted as saying, "Some big part of it will stay (in LA) and production companies will continue to be based there, so it's not accurate to say that all of that $ 6 billion translates to
Southern Nevada. But what it also gives to Las Vegas is that it's building technical capacity that
698:
While this intermediate decision allows that condoms may be mandated, it doesn't mean they should be. We have spent the last two years fighting for the rights of adult performers to make their own decisions about their bodies, and against the stigma against adult film performers embodied in the
585:
In the thirty-five minute meeting
Director Hutt mentioned that in the 2012 election the most votes cast in any district in favor of passage of Measure B came from Hall's district. Actress Nina Hartley countered that although Measure B and AB 1576 were written by policy makers at AIDS Healthcare
670:
of permits; authorizing administrative searches; and allowing discretion in setting fees) were severable.” The effect of which is that the court upheld the portions of the measure not struck down by the lower court. The court also took the position that "the condom mandate ... has only a
463:, the nonprofit that processes permits for motion picture, television and commercial productions. In 2013, applications were received for twenty-four permits. A spokesman with the county's Department of Public Health said that eleven health permits were requested by adult-film studios.
712:
He further stated that he hoped the adult entertainment industry will continue to appeal, taking the case to the U.S. Supreme Court, for a final and definitive ruling, however, on September 5, 2016, the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors voted to settle the case against Vivid.
479:
said, "We will not be shooting in L.A. under the current situation, which is too bad," "There's a uniqueness to L.A. you can't find anywhere such as backdrops. It's also impacted us financially because shooting outside the county can become more expensive." Some production moved to
654:, with a three-judge panel asking questions to both the appellants and the appellee, which was the AIDS Healthcare Foundation (AHF) rather than the lawsuit's official defendant, Los Angeles County. The panel for the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals was presided over by Chief Judge
161:, California. The measure also requires porn production companies to obtain a health permit prior to production and to post the permit and a notice to performers regarding condom use during production. All individuals involved will also be required to pay $ 1,600 every 2 years.
180:
sought to find a sponsor for a bill to mandate condom use in adult films. They had originally approved a resolution to seek legislation in October 2008, and made it part of their official state legislative agenda in December. The primary testing center at the time was the
185:(AIM). Prior to this, in 2004, there were several related cases of HIV positive tests reported. Of the twenty-two reported cases roughly half were among men who work in gay films, while the rest were both men and women working in heterosexual productions.
309:, said: "Shooting scenes with condoms are noticeably more uncomfortable." She said they cause friction burns vaginally and anally, that they slip off and rip, and that they get stuck inside. "They aren't built to withstand our shoots," she said.
293:
president Michael Weinstein (who the article was about), "should be spending money on treating and educating regular people about how to protect themselves instead of going after a small community that is aware of the risks."
1651:
682:
this position ignores "the fact that historically, every company that has adopted a mandatory condom policy has experienced a drop in sales, which translates to a decreased ability to have its message seen by the public."
1271:
556:, at the legislator's office on Artesia Boulevard in Compton and presented 650 signed petitions asking that the Assemblyman withdraw his "condoms in porn" bill. At the meeting with Hutt were adult film actresses
2004:
699:
statute. Rather than protect adult performers, a condom mandate pushes a legal industry underground where workers are less safe. This is terrible policy that has been defeated in other legislative venues.
201:
In 2012 proponents gathered 372,000 voter signatures through a citizens' initiative in Los Angeles County to put Measure B on the 2012 ballot. Supporters of Measure B said it would stop the spread of
1915:
1617:
1884:
1529:
236:
opposed Measure B claiming it would waste tax-payer money and drive the porn industry out of the state. It said that it was supported in its opposition by the Los Angeles County Federation of
1359:
1685:
1234:
2029:
1305:
880:
990:
1643:
850:
1426:
1332:
488:, where Las Vegas is located, does not require health permits and gives out location licenses for a nominal fee; filming permits in Los Angeles County can cost hundreds of dollars.
572:
on the issue. The group expressed their disappointment with the bill and the fact that it had been created with no input from adult industry representatives. In an interview with
224:. Weinstein claims that according to the Los Angeles County Public Health Department, "thousands of performers have been infected with thousands of STDs over the last few years."
1949:
1257:
1752:
1495:
1194:
2059:
820:
1021:
289:
article to the effect that she would want whomever she decided to have sex with "to get tested until I felt comfortable to sleep with them without a condom," adding that
1158:
313:, another female performer in adult films, said, "If you condense the amount of time we were actually having sex, it probably added up to almost four to five hours."
2001:
1979:
1586:
1555:
549:: Labor and Employment (April 1); Arts, Entertainment, Sports, Tourism, and Internet Media (April 28); Appropriations (May 20); Assembly Floor Analysis (May 22).
619:
filed a lawsuit against the Los Angeles County health department saying that the measure violated actors' rights to free speech and expression. In August 2013,
402:
Industry and agency officials say there has been a shift in where porn is made, and estimated the potential economic impact at US$ 6 billion. In November 2013,
2112:
459:
A year after the passing of the measure, it was reported that prior to Measure B typically up to 500 permits would be applied for in Los Angeles County with
2090:
1126:
1058:
410:, said, "Fewer people are shooting (adult film) in L.A. County, and some have moved to other areas around California or other states...". Two months later,
2507:
2022:"Ninth Circuit Panel Upholds Measure B—At Least Until Trial Three-judge panel claims it has jurisdiction to review the case despite AHF's lack of standing"
1907:
420:, where filmmaking is cheaper and regulations are more lax." Then in September 2014, Robert Lang, director of Brookings Mountain West (a collaboration of
1609:
1876:
1521:
1395:
1355:
2173:
1677:
1220:
2021:
1297:
872:
976:
722:
679:
542:
182:
917:
842:
2527:
164:
The measure was put to the voters in November 2012 and passed with 57% of the vote. The substance of the law was upheld on appeal in 2014.
1418:
1328:
2512:
626:
delivered a mixed ruling to the adult film industry saying that while making actors wear condoms during porn shoots does not violate the
2231:
727:
1329:"'Removal' Of Condoms From XXX Scenes Not A Real Option Another argument in favor of mandatory condoms in adult movies bites the dust"
732:
497:
featured an article about the adult industry's possible relocation from Southern California to Las Vegas. According to commentary by
1817:
436:
In the months after the measure passed, production companies began seeking shooting locations outside of Los Angeles County. In the
2291:
1941:
2002:
http://legalmasters.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/9th-Circuit-Affirm-Denial-of-Injunction-of-LA-Safer-Sex-Initiative-13-56445.pdf
1744:
1491:
1180:
630:, enforcing such a law raises constitutional questions, and denied the adult film industry's motion for a preliminary injunction.
2421:
2226:
2051:
177:
816:
790:
1013:
946:
1148:
338:; the edits were intentional, as the film was intended to reflect the "carefree and spontaneous" style of the 1970s and 80s.
2141:
1783:
286:
1975:
2517:
2166:
1578:
1551:
456:, including special-event and conditional-use permits, for porn productions due to the increased number of applications.
1181:"Endorsement: No on B -- Measure to force condoms in porn films is redundant and could harm an important local industry"
913:
517:
regarding the measure, it was announced that applications for permits for pornographic productions has reduced by 95%.
602:, which would have enacted a condom mandate similar to Measure B statewide. Proposition 60 was defeated at the polls.
345:, in his experience as a director and the owner of the post-production company Level 5 Post, reiterated this in 2014.
2522:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
241:
737:
666:
of the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Ohio, a George W. Bush appointee (sitting by designation).
599:
564:, along with industry newcomers Mia Li and Charli Piper and Michael Stabile, a publicist who has been working with
237:
1114:
708:
percent of Los Angeles County voters have asked of the industry—and what the courts have upheld as constitutional.
2082:
1080:
1044:
750:
Webber, Valerie (October 2015). "Public health versus performer privates: Measure B's failure to fix subjects".
546:
2159:
651:
538:
514:
433:
undergirds non-pornographic production and media. It adds some competitive advantage in scale to Los Angeles."
1115:"Log Cabin Republicans of Los Angeles announce opposition to Measure B, Says No on Government Waste Committee"
1721:
1457:
586:
Foundation, the AHF had yet to open a clinic in Compton which has one of the highest HIV infection rates in
1385:
530:
2484:
290:
221:
2415:
942:
217:
202:
1848:
1122:
1088:
233:
341:
The financial and technical viability of this was challenged by an expert in videography in 2009.
903:
1185:
259:
1644:"Condom law aftermath: Porn production booms in Las Vegas after move from San Fernando Valley"
416:
reported, "in the midst of rampant piracy on top of Measure B, many studios have relocated to
691:
565:
425:
407:
245:
2188:
2151:
909:
485:
327:
302:
637:
Both sides considered the judgment a victory. Vivid Entertainment founder and co-chairman
8:
1809:
1262:
1190:
1049:
620:
616:
534:
472:
366:
505:
article, Andrea Domanick, "manages to make a few good points—and snags some quotes from
587:
429:
386:
158:
146:
2000:
Vivid Entertainment v. Fielding, No. 13-56445 (9th Cir., Dec. 15, 2014), available at
905:
Successful advocacy for condoms in adult films: from idea to ballot, how did we do it?
1230:
1153:
786:
253:
1552:"Camarillo, Calif. Porn Film Moratorium Passed After Deluge Of Film Permit Requests"
1298:"Porn studio digitally removes condoms from release to provide 'pre-condom fantasy'"
377:
and Michael Vegas appeared in a video titled "Thank You From the Porn Industry" for
761:
449:
374:
2406:
765:
2008:
1775:
981:
659:
627:
331:
1422:
1225:
1118:
675:
623:
561:
437:
2113:"LA County settles lawsuit with Vivid Entertainment over condom law challenge"
1258:"How a straight adult performer convinced me that condoms are useless in porn"
2501:
2444:
2436:
986:
787:"Measure B: Safer Sex In the Adult Film Industry Act - County of Los Angeles"
655:
638:
493:
476:
441:
370:
213:
650:
In March 2014, the appeal of Judge Pregerson's ruling was argued before the
475:, has gone outside Los Angeles County since the law took effect. Co-founder
188:
Measure B was voted on November 6, 2012, and passed with 55.9% of the vote.
176:
level. Citing an HIV positive test for a performer in May of that year, the
752:
663:
573:
557:
553:
526:
453:
445:
378:
298:
275:
267:
1381:
972:
358:
209:
154:
910:
141st Annual Meeting and Expo November 2–6, 2013, Boston, Massachusetts
817:"L.A. pushes for condoms in porn legislation, but state lawmakers balk"
687:
671:
403:
342:
279:
271:
173:
1522:"One year later, condoms-in-porn law reshapes industry in L.A. County"
1092:
2468:
2460:
2452:
1390:
481:
417:
412:
354:
569:
506:
460:
150:
1877:"Adult Actresses Deliver Petitions to Isadore Hall Office-UPDATED"
1713:
1449:
1450:"Vivid's Hirsch, Adult Stars Spoof Measure B in Funny or Die Vid"
382:
306:
1356:"Axel Braun: Removing Condoms From Sex Scenes Still Unrealistic"
552:
In June five adult actresses met with Hall's district director,
1221:"'No on Government Waste' Committee holds 1st press conference"
1014:"Los Angeles Council Votes in Favor of Condoms for Porn Actors"
142:
1610:"Porn industry to gather in Los Angeles for annual conference"
1579:"Camarillo council places moratorium on porn movie production"
137:
County of Los Angeles Safer Sex In the Adult Film Industry Act
28:
County of Los Angeles Safer Sex In the Adult Film Industry Act
1678:"New Article in Las Vegas Sun Catches Up With Porn's Reality"
373:
and pornographic actors Dahlia Sky, Penny Pax, Veruca James,
310:
2181:
1908:"Condom Mandate For Porn Industry Falls Short In California"
873:"Porn industry trade group vows to fight condom requirement"
545:. As of June 2014 the bill has passed through the following
501:
magazine's political analyst Mark Kernes, the author of the
1453:
421:
950:
392:
1840:
1267:
1054:
843:"Condom requirement for porn filming approved by voters"
381:. The video lampoons Measure B and requiring the use of
1386:"Tasha Tells All...On LA County's Measure B Condom Law"
977:"Condoms in Porn: One Adult Star Says Yes to Measure B"
789:. League of Women Voters of California Education Fund.
334:
editing to remove the condoms from footage in its film
1870:
1868:
1866:
2147:. Los Angeles County Registrar-Recorder/County Clerk.
1803:
1801:
2083:"U.S. Appeals Court Upholds Condoms In Porn Mandate"
1942:"LA's condoms in porn law gets a mixed legal ruling"
1863:
172:In 2009, similar legislation was introduced at the
1969:
1967:
1798:
1492:"Porn Wars: Is Las Vegas the new Silicone Valley?"
1419:"Funny or Die Enlists Vivid to Lampoon Measure B"
674:(negligible) effect on expression." According to
2499:
2052:"FSC: 'Measure B Decision will Hurt Performers'"
1671:
1669:
1036:
2013:
1964:
662:, a Clinton appointee, and U.S. District Judge
598:In 2016, the AIDS Healthcare Foundation backed
525:On January 30, 2014, California Assemblyperson
263:both editorialized in opposition to Measure B.
2167:
1666:
1570:
1320:
1291:
1289:
810:
808:
723:Adult Industry Medical Health Care Foundation
520:
406:, executive director of industry trade group
330:countered the ban after its passing by using
183:Adult Industry Medical Health Care Foundation
1707:
1705:
1703:
1637:
1635:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1447:
2508:Elections in Los Angeles County, California
1935:
1933:
1416:
1347:
1214:
1212:
1012:Montague, Candace Y.A. (January 12, 2012).
2174:
2160:
1767:
1736:
1286:
1249:
865:
835:
805:
779:
728:HIV/AIDS in the pornographic film industry
220:, and Michael Weinstein, president of the
2142:"Measure B: Text of the Proposed Measure"
1700:
1632:
1472:
1042:
733:Performer Availability Screening Services
471:One of the industry's largest producers,
240:Women, Los Angeles County Republican and
2182:Elections and referendums in Los Angeles
1930:
1905:
1832:
1489:
1256:Williams, Mitchell (November 21, 2012).
1255:
1209:
1011:
937:
935:
703:AHF president Michael Weinstein stated,
2074:
2044:
1786:from the original on September 16, 2013
1688:from the original on September 24, 2014
1601:
1498:from the original on September 25, 2014
1490:Domanick, Andrea (September 21, 2014).
901:
853:from the original on September 11, 2014
393:Industry exodus from Los Angeles County
321:
178:Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors
2500:
2093:from the original on December 18, 2014
2062:from the original on December 16, 2014
2032:from the original on December 16, 2014
1976:"Ninth Circuit Hears Measure B Appeal"
1952:from the original on February 23, 2014
1918:from the original on November 15, 2016
1724:from the original on December 16, 2014
1711:
1654:from the original on February 23, 2014
1641:
1620:from the original on February 23, 2014
1589:from the original on February 22, 2014
1576:
1558:from the original on February 22, 2014
1532:from the original on February 23, 2014
1515:
1513:
1398:from the original on February 22, 2014
1237:from the original on February 22, 2014
1197:from the original on November 22, 2012
1061:from the original on February 22, 2014
1024:from the original on February 26, 2014
947:Los Angeles County Medical Association
920:from the original on November 23, 2015
749:
615:In January 2013, Universal City-based
2155:
1939:
1607:
1554:. Huffington Post. Associated Press.
1519:
1460:from the original on December 6, 2013
1429:from the original on December 4, 2013
1380:
1308:from the original on January 20, 2014
1274:from the original on November 8, 2013
1161:from the original on October 23, 2012
1020:. Body Health Resources Corporation.
993:from the original on October 18, 2012
932:
814:
513:In December, after the ruling of the
484:citing a more favorable environment.
16:Referendum on the adult film industry
1295:
1043:Weinstein, Michael (March 8, 2012).
971:
287:San Fernando Valley Business Journal
141:is the law that requires the use of
2528:2012 California ballot propositions
2080:
1906:Chappell, Bill (November 9, 2016).
1714:"Vivid Loses Appeal Over Measure B"
1712:Pardon, Rhett (December 15, 2014).
1577:Letzer, Jennifer (March 28, 2013).
1510:
1362:from the original on March 11, 2014
1335:from the original on March 11, 2014
823:from the original on March 11, 2014
208:Supporters included porn performer
13:
2513:Occupational safety and health law
2019:
1982:from the original on March 5, 2014
1887:from the original on June 27, 2014
1874:
1851:from the original on June 20, 2014
1820:from the original on June 12, 2014
1675:
1642:Dreier, Hanna (January 17, 2014).
1448:John Sanford (November 20, 2012).
1353:
1326:
1218:
1129:from the original on April 2, 2015
914:American Public Health Association
902:McGrath, Mark (November 5, 2013).
793:from the original on April 2, 2019
743:
543:Department of Industrial Relations
266:Opponents include porn performers
14:
2539:
2134:
1973:
1838:
1807:
1773:
1755:from the original on July 1, 2014
1742:
1608:Abram, Susan (January 20, 2014).
1520:Abram, Susan (November 4, 2013).
1417:Mark Kernes (November 20, 2012).
883:from the original on May 29, 2018
593:
2405:
1940:Abram, Susan (August 17, 2013).
1296:Opam, Kwame (January 20, 2014).
1123:No on Government Waste Committee
1089:No on Government Waste Committee
738:Pornography in the United States
316:
234:No On Government Waste Committee
78:
56:
2105:
1994:
1899:
1544:
1441:
1410:
1374:
1173:
1141:
1107:
1073:
1045:"Condoms in Porn Are Important"
605:
576:, Chance stated the following,
1005:
965:
895:
652:Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals
515:Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals
1:
773:
766:10.1080/23268743.2015.1053094
658:, and included Circuit Judge
348:
227:
385:in all sex scenes filmed in
353:In her first column for the
7:
1494:. Las Vegas Sun newspaper.
716:
428:to study issues facing the
191:
10:
2544:
2518:Pornography in Los Angeles
1776:"Aseembly Bill 640 (2013)"
521:State legislation - AB1576
291:AIDS Healthcare Foundation
222:AIDS Healthcare Foundation
196:
167:
2428:
2414:
2403:
2187:
912:. Boston, Massachusetts:
205:and protect tax dollars.
203:STDs in the porn industry
114:Registered voters/turnout
50:
47:
38:
33:
26:
2523:STDs in the sex industry
1081:"No On Government Waste"
448:passed a forty-five-day
1085:noongovernmentwaste.com
815:Staff (June 24, 2009).
678:magazine legal analyst
645:
610:
491:In September 2014, the
2007:April 5, 2015, at the
1946:Los Angeles Daily News
1648:Los Angeles Daily News
1614:Los Angeles Daily News
1526:Los Angeles Daily News
1186:Los Angeles Daily News
710:
701:
686:Regarding the ruling,
583:
260:Los Angeles Daily News
157:productions filmed in
705:
696:
692:Free Speech Coalition
578:
566:Free Speech Coalition
426:Brookings Institution
408:Free Speech Coalition
336:California Dreamin' 1
297:Pornographic actress
285:Tate was quoted in a
246:Log Cabin Republicans
218:Pink Cross Foundation
2058:. Adult Video News.
2028:. Adult Video News.
1978:. Adult Video News.
1883:. Adult Video News.
1684:. Adult Video News.
1358:. Adult Video News.
1331:. Adult Video News.
1193:. October 17, 2012.
1157:. October 18, 2012.
975:(October 18, 2012).
916:. Paper no. 282652.
879:. November 7, 2012.
849:. November 7, 2012.
541:test details to the
328:Falcon Entertainment
322:Technical opposition
134:, also known as the
1583:Ventura County Star
1263:The Huffington Post
1191:Digital First Media
1095:on October 22, 2012
1050:The Huffington Post
953:on October 29, 2012
621:U.S. District Judge
617:Vivid Entertainment
473:Vivid Entertainment
452:on the issuance of
367:Vivid Entertainment
23:
819:. Capitol Weekly.
588:Los Angeles County
560:, Alex Chance and
430:Intermountain West
387:Los Angeles County
365:In November 2012,
159:Los Angeles County
21:
2495:
2494:
1384:(April 8, 2013).
1231:AVN Media Network
1154:Los Angeles Times
1149:"No on Measure B"
1117:(Press release).
877:Los Angeles Times
847:Los Angeles Times
326:In January 2014,
254:Los Angeles Times
244:Parties, and the
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1814:www.legtrack.com
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375:Steven St. Croix
248:of Los Angeles.
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22:Measure B - 2012
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2009:Wayback Machine
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982:The Daily Beast
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943:"Vote Yes On B"
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744:Further reading
719:
660:Susan P. Graber
648:
628:First Amendment
613:
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523:
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332:post-production
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2135:External links
2133:
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2081:Kenslea, Ged.
2073:
2043:
2020:Kernes, Mark.
2012:
1993:
1963:
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1898:
1875:Kernes, Mark.
1862:
1845:www.ab1576.org
1831:
1797:
1780:openstates.org
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1676:Kernes, Mark.
1665:
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1354:Kernes, Mark.
1346:
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760:(4): 299–313.
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624:Dean Pregerson
612:
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600:Proposition 60
595:
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592:
562:Anikka Albrite
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690:, CEO of the
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477:Steven Hirsch
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442:Camarillo, CA
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317:After effects
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19:
2476:
2121:. Retrieved
2117:Daily Breeze
2116:
2107:
2097:December 16,
2095:. Retrieved
2086:
2076:
2066:December 16,
2064:. Retrieved
2055:
2046:
2036:December 16,
2034:. Retrieved
2025:
2015:
1996:
1984:. Retrieved
1956:February 11,
1954:. Retrieved
1945:
1922:November 15,
1920:. Retrieved
1911:
1901:
1889:. Retrieved
1880:
1853:. Retrieved
1844:
1834:
1822:. Retrieved
1813:
1788:. Retrieved
1779:
1769:
1757:. Retrieved
1748:
1738:
1728:December 16,
1726:. Retrieved
1717:
1690:. Retrieved
1681:
1658:February 18,
1656:. Retrieved
1647:
1624:February 18,
1622:. Retrieved
1613:
1603:
1593:February 18,
1591:. Retrieved
1582:
1572:
1562:February 18,
1560:. Retrieved
1546:
1536:February 18,
1534:. Retrieved
1525:
1500:. Retrieved
1462:. Retrieved
1443:
1431:. Retrieved
1412:
1402:February 18,
1400:. Retrieved
1389:
1382:Reign, Tasha
1376:
1364:. Retrieved
1349:
1337:. Retrieved
1322:
1310:. Retrieved
1301:
1278:February 18,
1276:. Retrieved
1261:
1251:
1241:February 11,
1239:. Retrieved
1224:
1201:November 11,
1199:. Retrieved
1184:
1175:
1165:November 11,
1163:. Retrieved
1152:
1143:
1131:. Retrieved
1109:
1097:. Retrieved
1093:the original
1084:
1075:
1065:February 18,
1063:. Retrieved
1048:
1038:
1026:. Retrieved
1017:
1007:
995:. Retrieved
980:
973:Snow, Aurora
967:
955:. Retrieved
951:the original
922:. Retrieved
904:
897:
885:. Retrieved
876:
867:
855:. Retrieved
846:
837:
825:. Retrieved
795:. Retrieved
781:
757:
753:Porn Studies
751:
711:
706:
702:
697:
685:
668:
664:Jack Zouhary
649:
636:
632:
614:
606:Legal appeal
597:
584:
579:
574:AVN magazine
558:Nina Hartley
554:Heather Hutt
551:
527:Isadore Hall
524:
512:
502:
498:
492:
490:
486:Clark County
470:
458:
454:film permits
446:city council
435:
411:
401:
379:Funny or Die
364:
357:, performer
352:
340:
335:
325:
301:, who has a
299:Nina Hartley
296:
284:
276:Tera Patrick
268:Kayden Kross
265:
258:
252:
250:
231:
207:
200:
187:
171:
163:
136:
135:
131:
130:
106:
101:
96:
83:
71:
66:
61:
18:
2429:Referendums
2087:AIDS Health
1464:December 2,
1433:December 2,
1312:January 20,
1099:October 18,
1028:January 20,
1018:TheBody.com
997:October 19,
957:October 18,
924:November 9,
887:November 8,
797:October 18,
680:Mark Kernes
359:Tasha Reign
242:Libertarian
210:Aurora Snow
155:pornography
97:Total votes
2502:Categories
2227:March 1909
1841:"Stop1576"
774:References
694:, stated,
688:Diane Duke
672:de minimis
568:(FSC) and
547:committees
450:moratorium
404:Diane Duke
349:Commentary
343:Axel Braun
280:Tanya Tate
272:Ron Jeremy
238:Republican
228:Opposition
118:4,593,621
88:1,222,681
2485:Measure S
2477:Measure B
2469:Measure M
2461:Measure J
2453:Measure R
2123:April 28,
1391:OC Weekly
1366:March 11,
1339:March 11,
1302:The Verge
827:March 11,
482:Las Vegas
418:Las Vegas
413:The Verge
355:OC Weekly
132:Measure B
102:2,840,547
67:1,617,866
2091:Archived
2060:Archived
2030:Archived
2005:Archived
1986:March 5,
1980:Archived
1950:Archived
1916:Archived
1891:June 24,
1885:Archived
1855:June 18,
1849:Archived
1824:June 18,
1818:Archived
1810:"AB1576"
1790:June 24,
1784:Archived
1759:June 18,
1753:Archived
1745:"AB1576"
1722:Archived
1720:. XBIZ.
1718:XBIZ.com
1686:Archived
1652:Archived
1618:Archived
1587:Archived
1556:Archived
1530:Archived
1496:Archived
1458:Archived
1427:Archived
1396:Archived
1360:Archived
1333:Archived
1306:Archived
1272:Archived
1235:Archived
1195:Archived
1159:Archived
1127:Archived
1059:Archived
1022:Archived
991:Archived
918:Archived
881:Archived
851:Archived
821:Archived
791:Archived
717:See also
570:Kink.com
507:Kink.com
461:FilmL.A.
440:city of
424:and the
192:Campaign
2189:Mayoral
2056:AVN.com
2026:AVN.com
1974:Staff.
1912:NPR.org
1881:AVN.com
1839:Staff.
1808:Staff.
1774:Staff.
1743:Staff.
1682:AVN.com
535:Compton
383:condoms
307:nursing
197:Support
168:History
147:vaginal
145:in all
143:condoms
121:61.84%
107:100.00%
91:43.04%
34:Results
2487:(2017)
2479:(2012)
2471:(2016)
2463:(2012)
2455:(2008)
2447:(1986)
2439:(1980)
444:, the
303:degree
72:56.96%
48:Votes
44:Choice
2145:(PDF)
311:Stoya
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