2012 Guinea-Bissau coup d'état

771:(AU) and ECOWAS to work towards restoring the "constitutional order" of Guinea-Bissau. They further called for a cessation of military actions that threatened the state or the "legality" of Guinea-Bissau. At the CPLP meet in Lisbon, Pires had said that the "persecution is continuing." The CPLP later issued a statement of condemnation and also called for a UN-authorised military intervention saying that it had "take the initiative of...forming an interposition force in Guinea-Bissau, with a mandate defined by the United Nations Security Council" that would seek to maintain "constitutional order, protect civilians and the country's legitimate institutions." It added that it supported the Angolan presence in the country and the initiate would be carried out according to consultations with ECOWAS, the AU and the EU. Rifts developed between ECOWAS and CPLP over the resolution mechanisms. The former, supported by Nigeria, Senegal, Côte d'Ivoire and Burkina Faso, advocated a year-long transitional process; while the later, supported by Portugal and Angola, advocated an immediate resumption of the election. 465:, a day before the coup an unidentified military commander claimed Gomes Júnior would allow Angolan troops into the country. He also claimed that soldiers possessed a "secret document" that allowed the Guinea-Bissau government to sanction an Angolan attack on Guinea-Bissau's military. The leaders of the junta released an unsigned communique that read they "did not have ambitions of power" and that the coup was a reaction to the alleged agreement with Angola because the 200 military trainers would "annihilate Guinea-Bissau's armed forces." The spokesman for the junta that took over after the coup, Lieutenant-Colonel Daha Bana na Walna later said that Gomes Júnior and Pereira were ousted because of "unease" in the armed forces over the election, a sentiment echoed by diplomats. Gomes Junior was also viewed as the "candidate of Angola" in the election, according to 533: 593:

General Mamadu Ture Kuruma; the heads of the army, air force and navy; the army's spokesman Lieutenant-Colonel Daha Bana na Walna and four colonels. However, there was no one from the incumbent PAIGC. Consultations with 23 parliamentary and extra-parliamentary parties discussed issues such as: a transitional government including, an interim president and head of the National Assembly, as well as a PAIGC-nominated prime minister other than the incumbent and a government of national unity inclusive of all parties; and the dissolution of the National Assembly with a government led by the National Transitional Council (NTC) under interim leadership.

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Júnior's residence as a result of the attack. Soldiers were seen standing guard outside radio and television stations, including the state-run television office, and the presidential offices in Bissau. An overnight curfew was imposed the following day with orders for the members of the civilian government to turn themselves over to the army. Private radio stations were also shut. On 14 April, some businesses started to reopen but they closed early in accordance with the curfew.

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the country, that power cannot fall into the streets and decided to have play its part in seeking solutions with the political class to resolve this crisis." The Military Command later announced that they were also holding Ialá Embaló. The detained officials were later released. The UN later reported that the head of the Supreme Court and the Election Commission were also in hiding, along with three unnamed cabinet ministers.

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Antonio Indjai laughed off questions that he was the power behind the throne and responded to the criticism in saying: "People say I'm a drug trafficker. Anybody who has the proof, present it! We ask the international community to give us the means to fight drugs." Gonzalez-Ducay then responded: "I can't believe that the one who controls the drug trafficking is going to fight the drug trafficking." The U.S. State Department's

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the UNSC expressed concern over the transition process back towards civilian administration. The UN recommended steps to ensuring a "way forward" entailed: mediation between national actors, targeted sanctions on the perpetrators, the deployment of training and protections forces in accordance with the ECOWAS/CPLP road map or the recommendation of the incumbent prime minister and foreign minister for a peacekeeping force.

519:, one of the radio stations still broadcasting, that the soldiers had looted his father's house but that both his parents were safe. Soldiers ransacked and looted other houses they raided as well. Soldiers also sealed off the embassies to prevent members of the government from fleeing and hiding with foreign diplomats. Several unnamed politicians were arrested during the night by the army. 710:. ECOWAS also said the election runoff should go ahead. ECOWAS constitutes a contact group, chaired by Nigeria and comprising delegations from Benin, Cape Verde, Gambia, Guinea, Senegal and Togo, to coordinate its efforts at resolving the crisis. ECOWAS also had a standby force to fill a vacuum that could be left by the departing MISSANG force, as well as considering 730:, said "the Secretariat urged the international community to address the cycle of violence and impunity in Guinea-Bissau" and also called for "the immediate restoration of civilian authority... note with profound regret that these events are occurring just prior to the launch of the campaign for the second round of the presidential election". Secretary-General 886:

movement" and that "we regret that they have chosen to disrupt the democratic process, which already was challenged by the opposition's call to boycott the second round of elections." The State Department also issued a travel warning to the country and called on its citizens already in the country "to shelter in place and avoid the downtown area of Bissau."

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anti-democratic proposal of a solution to the crisis," while also calling for the release of those detained. Tensions mounted within PAIGC between factions supporting Gomes Júnior and Nhamadjo. On 15 April, a demonstration of about 30 people at the National Assembly, where talks on a transition government were ongoing, was dispersed by soldiers. The

798:, called the coup a "heinous and unacceptable act", adding that it would hinder security and the democratic process as it had occurred weeks before the runoff. He also called for the detained politicians to be released. Meanwhile, on 24 April the African Union Peace and Security Council ministerial meeting met at its headquarters in 870:

government with a view to returning that country to political and constitutional order. In furtherance of this objective, Nigeria provided the sum of 10 million US dollars to the Interim Government in Guinea-Bissau to assist in the stabilisation of the country." Russia called for the restoration of the civilian government.

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were "under the control of the army," however there were rumours circulating that Indjai could be hiding and that soldiers were going to every embassy looking for him. Indjai's spokesman Daba Naualna said that Periera and Gomes Júnior were "well and alive" and added that "the thinks, for the sake of

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People began to venture out of their homes at dawn and there appeared to be little to no presence of soldiers on the streets and no messages over radio or television from either the government or the coup leaders. There was an "unusual" quiet in Bissau, although photographs showed a big hole in Gomes

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reported on a dubious aircraft landing months before the coup near Indjai's farm. He also added that "The traffickers know can't do much. The agents we have in the field want to give up because they have nothing to eat." Guinea-Bissau's former prosecutor general added: "A country that's not capable

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employee as saying the country is "probably the worst narco-state that's out there on the continent. a major problem . People at the highest levels of the military are involved in the facilitation . In other African countries government officials are part of the problem. In Guinea-Bissau, it is the

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said that "the situation in Guinea-Bissau, which I have followed over the years, is extraordinarily complex, dangerous, because it can degrade into more violence, and the country is not in a position to afford that new setback in the peace process and its democratisation." He also offered to mediate

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said that the Portuguese military was ready to evacuate its citizens. "It is our responsibility and our job to ensure adequate preparedness in the event that the evacuation be necessary." Portugal also issued a travel warning for its citizens. On 15 April, it was announced that two naval vessels and

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the former colonial mother country Portugal) unanimously condemned the coup with a resolution that stated "the forcible seizure of power from the legitimate government of Guinea-Bissau by some elements of its armed forces. firmly denounce this incursion by the military into politics". The President

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On 16 April, an agreement, which intentionally excluded PAIGC, was reached with 22 of the 35 opposition parties to set up a National Transitional Council. According to Vaz, the size, composition and mandate period would be determined the following day and then discussed with the Military Command. He

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in the military, warned of "consequences" if there was campaigning for the second round of the election due to his allegations of fraud in the first round that were unanswered. The first round result was rejected by five of the nine candidates. Campaigning was due to start on 13 April for the second

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The leader of the coup attempt was Pansau Ntchama, a commando who was the ex-bodyguard of Guinea-Bissau's former army chief of staff. Fernando Vaz said of him: "He is a man with political ambitions living in Portugal. He appeared here in order to carry out this attempted coup ... He flew to Gambia,

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said was a coup attempt against the interim government. It also cited the arrest of an unnamed dissident army captain on 27 October as the organiser of the counter-coup attempt and reported that two other unnamed government critics were assaulted and left outside Bissau. Army Chief of Staff General

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Pierre Lapaque also said: "There has clearly been an increase in Guinea-Bissau in the last several months. We are seeing more and more drugs regularly arriving in this country;" while the EU's ambassador to the country Joaquin Gonzalez-Ducay added: "As a country it is controlled by those who formed

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said, "We call for the release of all government leaders and urge all parties to reconcile their differences through the democratic process." The United States' embassy issued a statement that read: "It is regrettable that elements of the Bissau-Guinean military have chosen to derail the democratic

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on 18 May. The five members sanctioned were: General Antonio Indjai, Major General Mamadu Ture Kuruma, Inspector-General of the Armed Forces General Estêvão na Mena, Chief of Staff of the Air Force Brigadier General Ibraima Camara and MC spokesman Lieutenant Colonel Daha Bana na Walna. In December,

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issued a statement that read: "The commission firmly denounces this latest incursion by the military into politics and unreservedly condemns the irresponsible act, which has once more demonstrated their penchant to maintain Guinea-Bissau as a failed state." ECOWAS later decided to send a contingent

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Peter Thompson, the head of the U.K. Electoral Observation Mission in the country for the election, described the situation on the night of the coup as "a very large presence of the military in the streets. It did seem quite coordinated last night in terms of how the roads were shut off...Today the

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in 1998, said: "You will only have an impact on this transition by engagement, not by isolation. These are the people who came in to pick up the pieces after the coup." His staff pointed to photographs of newly created stretches of road in a remote rural area near the Senegal border that had space

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would need to be renegotiated as "the agreement signed in 2007 by the government of Carlos Gomes Junior is not fair ... As a result, the terms of the agreement must be reviewed. The transitional government will not accept that Bissau receives 10 percent while Angola Bauxite takes 90 percent." The

447:. He was also expected to visit the Higher Warfare School (ESG) and the Higher Technical Military Institute (ISTM). The same day as the coup, the two Lusophone countries of Angola and Cape Verde agreed to review their defense cooperation agreements. Presidential candidate and former Prime Minister 885:

called on all sides of the conflict to "put down their weapons, release government leaders immediately and restore legitimate civilian leadership," adding that it "appeared the junta had taken control of media outlets, as they were off-air and the headquarters of PAIGC and were trying to restrict

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Senior officers of the army also met the leaders of the political parties and called on them to form the transitional government, but added that the army would control the defence and interior ministries. The meeting was also attended by: Indjai, who was later arrested; the deputy chief-of-staff

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also told the UNGA General debate: "Guinea-Bissau is another flash point of instability in the sub-region in which Nigeria and ECOWAS are engaged. Indeed, the Contact Group, headed by Nigeria was set up by the Authority of Heads of State and Government of ECOWAS to help establish a transitional

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reported that Portugal, the former coloniser, issued advisories to its citizens to stay in their homes It also rejected claims of an "untoward" attitude by Angola. A Foreign Ministry spokesman said that "the Portuguese government is appealing for a halt to the violence and respect for the law."

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Both second-round candidates and the incumbent president were initially arrested by the junta. Members of the Military Council, which ran the country until an interim National Transitional Council was established on 15 April, said that one of the reasons for the coup was the incumbent civilian

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said that he was "extremely concerned" about the arrests of the civilian leadership, while his spokesman Martin Nesirky said that Ki-Moon called for the mutineers "to immediately and unconditionally release all detainees and ensure the safety and security of the general population." The UNSC

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There were some small protests supporting Gomes Júnior in downtown Bissau, although, according to Peter Thompson, soldiers arrested several of the protesters and put roadblocks on the streets. PAIGC, commenting on the transitional government, said that it "rejects any anti-constitutional or

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The perpetrators of the coup targeted Gomes Júnior's residence, which was attacked by grenades and surrounded by troops, as gunfire was heard nearby. Journalists were also prevented from approaching the scene. Camilo Lima da Costa, the son of the head of the national election commission

505:(PAIGC) and radio stations. They also fought police officers loyal to the government, forcing them to retreat after coming under fire from RPGs. The soldiers blocked the roads into and out of the capital city and the national radio and television was taken off-air at 20:00. 523:

streets are very calm, the city is much quieter than it normally would be. People are staying home. I do know that the army has taken control of the state media and state television, and they haven't released anything official." There was speculation on Senegal's

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project, which had been inaugurated in July 2011, had previously stalled prior to the coup as a result of concern over political instability and an environmental impact study that had not yet been published despite passing the deadline. If completed the port at

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after having announced the ouster of Gomes Júnior. Its goals were: the removal of obstacles to reforming the security sector; fighting drug trafficking and consumption; overcoming a culture of impunity; and the continuation of enhancing the democratic process.

1229: 934: 1494: 673:, upon learning of the events unfolding in his country, called for international support as "the situation is serious. The soldiers are occupying the streets. I spoke to the interim Prime Minister and she said she was under fire" and added that the 624:, said that discussion continued for a third day and that the grouping had invited PAIGC to participate. After the meeting the coalition agreed upon a set of proposals to put forward to the Military Command for a transitional unity government. 1464: 778:

said that he condemned the "outrageous acts which undermine the efforts to stabilise the situation in Guinea-Bissau and tarnish the image of the country and Africa." In mid-May, Guinea-Bissau was suspended from the AU. A spokesman for the

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should have an "energetic reaction" to the coup. Pires also dismissed claims that Indjai was arrested suggesting that he was, in fact, a part of it (he was also involved in the 2010 military unrest before being appointed chief-of-staff).

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Angolan Defense Minister Cândido Pereira dos Santos Van-Dúnem said that Angola will "continue to provide full support excellent ties," adding that the withdrawal date for the troops was being discussed. On 1 October, the UN Ambassador

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administration's call for Angolan help to reform the military. Following international condemnation and sanctions against leaders of the junta, an agreement was signed that led to the third place candidate in the election,

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also said that existing institutions would be dissolved and that two committees would run the country, one would manage foreign affairs and the other would handle social affairs. The former committee was due to meet the

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said that the "information indicates to us that there is a coup underway. ECOWAS formally and rigorously condemns such an attempted coup d'etat," he added that "it's sad that after the example of Senegal, where the

382:. Guinea-Bissau's instability is also exacerbated as a transit point for drug shipments from Latin America to Europe and allegations exist that government ministers and military personnel are bribed to keep silent. 350:, being selected as interim president. The presidential election was aborted and postponed for at least two years into the future. An interim government was tasked with administering Guinea-Bissau in the meantime. 2962: 1502: 158: 2622: 2019: 700:

finished so well, that we have, after Mali, a new forceful intervention in Guinea-Bissau. What I can say at this moment is that...the situation won't be accepted by ECOWAS." ECOWAS Commission President

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said that the Angolan troops were sent to Guinea-Bissau in March 2011 in accordance with a bilateral military agreement to reform the armed forces. On 16 April, Guinea-Bissau Defense Minister

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said at the UNGA General debate that he denounced the "unconstitutional changes" and praised ECOWAS for its work in trying to resolve the issue. Nigeria also condemned the coup and President

620:, who also attended the meeting, said that "the military chiefs suggested the idea of new presidential and legislative elections." The spokesman for the coalition of opposition parties, 894:

On 9 June, the last police and armed forces personnel of the MISSANG mission left the country. In late August, the Commissioner for Natural resources, Environment and Rural Development

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said that "the EU has already suspended most of its aid to Guinea-Bissau" and called on the Military Command to release the detained leaders and restore the "legitimate government."

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would have a capacity to host three 70-tonne vessels at any given time, while the project as a whole would also lead to the creation of a three million tonne-a-year mine in

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expressing their "preoccupation" with the events and saying that it would call for an extraordinary meeting of the UNSC to discuss the issue. Timor Leste's President

751:(CPLP) called an extraordinary meeting to take place in Lisbon on 14 April. The meeting was to be attended by the foreign ministers of the member countries: Angola's 830:

an aircraft were on their way to somewhere in West Africa ready for a possible evacuation of 4,000–5,000 Portuguese citizens. On 1 October, Portugal's UN Ambassador

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On 12 April, gunfire was heard between 19:00 and 21:00, as mutinous troops attempted to overthrow the government by seizing control of the centre of the capital

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by reporter Noah Mankali that Gomes Júnior had been assassinated by the army during the night by soldiers from the same Balanta ethnic group as Ialá Embaló.

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to the country for security system reforms. However, the spokesman of the transitional government, Fernando Vaz, also announced that an agreement with

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unanimously voted to "restore constitutional order" in the country and approved Resolution 2048 with sanctions, including issuing travel bans on the

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journalist Antonio Aly Silva told the outlet that he had been arrested for a short while, but was later released at the same time as singer

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of military personnel in order to provide security. The delegation, which would also include civilians, would be led by Guinean President

1658: 1178: 525: 5842: 5163: 5024: 5482: 5198: 5193: 4645: 4196: 3248: 2364:"Security Council Imposes Travel Ban on Five Leaders of Coup in Guinea-Bissau, Demands Immediate Steps to Restore Constitutional Order" 2170:"Security Council Imposes Travel Ban on Five Leaders of Coup in Guinea-Bissau, Demands Immediate Steps to Restore Constitutional Order" 748: 629: 648:, who had previously rejected the office of interim president in April 2012, was again selected as interim president on 11 May 2012. 641: 390: 3740: 2367: 2177: 977:

In response to the UNSC resolution for the restoration of civilian and constitutional rule, Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon appointed

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for small planes to land and they suggested was under the supervision of the armed forces. Chief of Guinea-Bissau's judicial police

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said that it was seeking a solution to "normalisation of constitutional order" through the work of the UNSC, AU, CPLP and ECOWAS.

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The coup leaders formed the "Military Command" under the leadership of the Deputy Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces General

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reported an increase in drug trafficking in the country and thus calling the events "cocaine coup;" it also cited a U.S.

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and then he went to Angola to pick up arms ... He has fled into the bush, but we are confident that we will catch him."

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for Guinea-Bissau Russell Hanks, who is not present in the country following the U.S. shutting its embassy during the

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also criticised the "unconstitutional unraveling, of democratic governments" at the UNGA. Namibian President

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called for "restoration of peace and stability" and of "all democratic institutions," when speaking at the

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called for a "peaceful, orderly and transparent" election. Just before the attack, presidential candidate

5728: 5472: 5311: 4901: 4638: 4480: 4364: 3912: 3719: 3712: 3635: 874: 552:, who may have been in the custody of the mutinous soldiers, said he "feared for his life." On 14 April, 549: 154: 5713: 5577: 5226: 2497: 2289: 2144: 1697: 1626: 826: 670: 5987: 5909: 5804: 5773: 5763: 5678: 5643: 5582: 5532: 5341: 5326: 5286: 5269: 4982: 4950: 4936: 4838: 4803: 4743: 4701: 4522: 4501: 4452: 4403: 4396: 4301: 4287: 4024: 4017: 3975: 3919: 3891: 3803: 3768: 3353: 3338: 3307: 3223: 3155: 1255: 5149: 2467: 1988: 691:

During the early hours of the event, the Foreign Minister of Ivory Coast (the host country of ECOWAS)

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and many of Gomes Junior's bodyguards. Senegal closed its land border with Guinea-Bissau on 13 April.

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The media and international think-tanks have highlighted the country's instability and labelled it a

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An unnamed number of government ministers, as well as the Director General of the Judicial Police

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government itself that is the problem." A sentiment echoed by regional UN staff. The head of the

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Fellow Lusophone countries Brazil and Timor Leste also reacted to the events, with Brazil's

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Portas later called for the detained civilian leadership to be released. Defence Minister

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was staged by elements of the armed forces about two weeks before the second round of a

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Interim President Raimundo Pereira and the Chief-of-Staff of the Armed Forces General

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process in Guinea-Bissau." At a daily press briefing, the State Department spokesman

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as his special representative to the country on 31 January 2013, replacing Rwanda's

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General debate of the sixty-seventh session of the United Nations General Assembly

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the coup d'état. They can do what they want to do. Now they have free rein."

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was also unpopular with the army for his attempts to reform the institution.

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were missing. The mutineers seized control of the offices of the incumbent

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of discussing its own problems – it's not a country, it's not a state."

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High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy

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to discuss matters pertaining to resolving the crisis in the country.

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country Angola announced its forces would be ending the two-year-old

418: 2670: 2519: 2416:"Guinea Bissau: CPLP Presidency Condemns Situation in Guinea Bissau" 2337: 935:

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime for West and Central Africa

2839:"West Africa Union Lends Guinea-Bissau $ 28.5 Million for Programs" 2613:"Governo brasileiro demonstra preocupação por incidentes em Bissau" 2583:"UN General Assembly General Debate of the 67th Session – Portugal" 367: 2921:"Bissau government to review Angola Bauxite deal, calls it unfair" 2761:"UN General Assembly General Debate of the 67th Session – Nigeria" 2731:"UN General Assembly General Debate of the 67th Session – Namibia" 2701:"UN General Assembly General Debate of the 67th Session – Liberia" 2557:"Capital News » Guinea-Bissau army sets out terms after coup" 1580:"Guinea Bissau Soldiers Acted to Stop Angola Aggression, SIC Says" 2865:"Events – Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development" 2671:"UN General Assembly General Debate of the 67th Session – Guinea" 2520:"UN General Assembly General Debate of the 67th Session – Angola" 907: 370:

in 1974. As such, the events leading up to the 2012 coup include

946:

On 21 October, soldiers again attacked an army barracks in what

485:'s house was attacked during the coup and he was later arrested. 1210:"Civil–military relations and political order in Guinea-Bissau" 490: 427:

United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Guinea-Bissau

393:

was scheduled to be held within 90 days in accordance with the

288: 192: 99: 3611: 3087: 596:

The five leading opposition candidates (Mohamed Ialá Embaló,

431: 2444:. International Crisis Group. 17 August 2012. Archived from 414:

round, until its disruption as a result of the coup d'état.

2338:"ECOWAS reaction to on-going coup attempt in Guinea Bissau" 912: 665:

At an ECOWAS summit in Ivory Coast convened to discuss the

503:

African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde

2867:. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 1871:"Guinea-Bissau poll marred by killing | News24 Kenya" 1465:"Guinea Bissau Defence minister expected Monday in Luanda" 567: 439:

was scheduled to arrive in Angola to meet his counterpart

1841:"Guinea Bissau: Country Rocked By Apparent Coup Attempt" 767:. The CPLP also condemned the coup and exhorted the UN, 16:

Military overthrow of interim President Raimundo Pereira

3011:"E Timor's Jose Ramos-Horta gets UN Guinea-Bissau role" 2108:"Portuguese leaders meet to discuss Guinea-Bissau coup" 2020:"Fears grow for members of toppled G.Bissau government" 1985:"G. Bissau main party rejects transition plan – Africa" 378:. The latter followed infighting between the country's 2955:"Guinea-Bissau, After Coup, Is Drug-Trafficking Haven" 1309:"Guinea-Bissau leader Malam Bacai Sanha dies in Paris" 1012:"Guinea-Bissau Coup Removes Presidential Front-Runner" 898:

announced the Union had approved a loan of 15 billion

2256:"Guinea-Bissau coup leaders announce transition plan" 2200:"G.Bissau military takes over ruling party HQ, radio" 1404:"Guinea-Bissau second round vote delayed to 29 April" 2985:"Guinea-Bissau says coup plotter came from Portugal" 2816:"Angola: Last Staff of Missang Forces Leaves Bissau" 2226:"Guinea-Bissau junta, parties seek post-coup accord" 1987:. Al Jazeera English. 4 October 2011. Archived from 1900:"Bissau Army Hold President, Former Premier in Coup" 1696:. Al Jazeera English. 4 October 2011. Archived from 1625:. Al Jazeera English. 4 October 2011. Archived from 1550:"Bissau army hold president, former premier in coup" 1254:. Al Jazeera English. 4 October 2011. Archived from 873:

Canada condemned the coup; while the United States'

834:

echoed the statement of Angola at the same meeting.

759:, Guinea-Bissau's Mamadou Djalo Pires, Mozambique's 1811:"Heavy weapons fire heard in Guinea-Bissau capital" 1781:"Guinea-Bissau prime minister arrested by soldiers" 1721:"Bissau soldiers attack home of poll front-runner" 1054:"Bissau soldiers control capital in apparent coup" 941: 889: 2164: 2162: 1439:"Military: Guinea-Bissau prime minister arrested" 1173: 1171: 1169: 1167: 1091:"Military: Guinea-Bissau prime minister arrested" 5969: 2645:"Ramos-Horta to mediate in Guinea-Bissau crisis" 2392:. United Nations News Centre. 13 December 2012. 1956:"Guinea-Bissau military attack parts of capital" 1617: 1615: 1613: 1611: 1609: 1607: 1605: 846:the crisis. His offer was accepted on 16 April. 576:. The next day, they put forth conditions for a 1380:. United Nations. 30 April 2012. Archived from 405:, who claimed to have ties with members of his 2836: 2813: 2312:"Nhamadjo to head G/Bissau interim government" 2159: 2079:"Confusion over Guinea-Bissau PM after 'coup'" 1623:"Guinea-Bissau coup leaders consolidate power" 1164: 1120:"Guinea-Bissau detains journalist amid unrest" 105:Military command seizes control of state media 5157: 3597: 3468: 3047: 2494:"OIC condemns military coup in Guinea Bissau" 2286:"Ex-Guinea-Bissau speaker rejects presidency" 2141:"Guinea-Bissau moves towards transition deal" 1602: 1276: 1207: 1009: 2468:"Guinea-Bissau suspended from African Union" 1921: 1919: 1917: 1915: 1913: 1718: 1655:"Guinea Bissau Soldiers Launch Coup Attempt" 1051: 429:(UNIOGBIS). State-owned Angolan news agency 2948: 2946: 774:The African Union Commission's chairperson 5164: 5150: 3604: 3590: 3475: 3461: 3061: 3054: 3040: 1047: 1045: 1043: 1041: 1039: 1037: 906:to build a deepwater port so as to export 749:Community of Portuguese Language Countries 630:National Union of Workers of Guinea-Bissau 1927:"Guinea-Bissau unrest draws condemnation" 1910: 1652: 642:Economic Community of West African States 423:Angolan Military Mission in Guinea Bissau 2952: 2943: 2883: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2545: 1979: 1977: 1688: 1686: 1684: 1682: 1680: 1678: 1676: 1544: 1542: 1540: 531: 476: 128:, after consensus acting Prime Minister 5905:Democratic Republic of the Congo (2024) 5548:Democratic Republic of the Congo (2004) 5102:Democratic Republic of the Congo (2024) 4716:Democratic Republic of the Congo (2004) 3720:Democratic Republic of the Congo (1965) 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 1950: 1948: 1538: 1536: 1534: 1532: 1530: 1528: 1526: 1524: 1522: 1520: 1433: 1431: 1429: 1427: 1425: 1337:. News24. 16 March 2012. Archived from 1034: 568:Aftermath and National Unity Government 540:, who was also arrested during the coup 124:Interim transitional government led by 5970: 2931:from the original on 24 September 2015 2771:from the original on 29 September 2012 2741:from the original on 30 September 2012 2711:from the original on 30 September 2012 2135: 2133: 2131: 2129: 2102: 2100: 2073: 2071: 1894: 1892: 1648: 1646: 1644: 1335:"Guinea-Bissau wraps up poll campaign" 1327: 1220:(2). Journals.cambridge.org: 253–281. 1114: 1112: 1005: 1003: 1001: 5145: 3585: 3456: 3035: 3017:from the original on 14 November 2018 2542: 2396:from the original on 18 December 2012 2370:from the original on 25 February 2013 2180:from the original on 25 February 2013 2046:"Troops 'hold Guinea-Bissau premier'" 1974: 1673: 1372: 1370: 1368: 1366: 1364: 1362: 1360: 1358: 1356: 1214:The Journal of Modern African Studies 972: 5993:2010s coups d'état and coup attempts 2871:from the original on 2 December 2012 2857: 2318:from the original on 28 October 2015 2288:. Al Jazeera English. Archived from 2143:. Al Jazeera English. Archived from 2003: 1945: 1517: 1445:from the original on 4 December 2012 1422: 1097:from the original on 4 December 2012 1085: 1083: 1081: 1079: 548:, were in hiding. Interior Minister 441:Cândido Pereira dos Santos Van-Dúnem 294:Cândido Pereira dos Santos Van-Dúnem 2901:from the original on 27 August 2014 2681:from the original on 1 October 2012 2593:from the original on 5 October 2012 2530:from the original on 5 October 2012 2434: 2344:from the original on 28 August 2016 2126: 2097: 2085:from the original on 20 August 2020 2068: 1889: 1694:"'Attempted coup' in Guinea-Bissau" 1641: 1277:Geoffrey York (10 September 2012). 1109: 998: 796:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation 13: 3727:Central African Republic (1965–66) 3143: 2965:from the original on 28 March 2022 2953:Nossiter, Adam (1 November 2012). 2845:from the original on 12 April 2023 2422:from the original on 19 April 2012 2314:. P.M. NEWS Nigeria. 11 May 2012. 2236:from the original on 12 April 2023 2114:from the original on 15 April 2012 1962:from the original on 14 April 2012 1851:from the original on 15 April 2012 1821:from the original on 28 March 2022 1791:from the original on 14 April 2012 1731:from the original on 11 March 2016 1353: 1232:from the original on 12 April 2023 1189:from the original on 15 April 2012 14: 6009: 2991:from the original on 5 March 2016 2837:Caramo Cassama (24 August 2012). 2625:from the original on 27 July 2012 2559:. Capitalfm.co.ke. Archived from 2474:from the original on 17 June 2012 2206:from the original on 4 March 2016 2056:from the original on 3 April 2016 1076: 1064:from the original on 6 March 2016 385:Following the death of President 118:Dissolution of state institutions 108:Arrest of presidential candidate 5951: 5950: 5179:, and attempted coups since 1991 3491: 2340:. Reliefweb.int. 13 April 2012. 2266:from the original on 24 May 2012 2202:. Reliefweb.int. 12 April 2012. 1761:from the original on 16 May 2013 1311:. 9 January 2012. Archived from 1252:"Country profile: Guinea-Bissau" 686: 681: 287: 276: 265: 253: 242: 231: 214: 203: 191: 180: 171: 163: 148: 29: 5978:Military coups in Guinea-Bissau 5795:Central African Republic (2021) 5689:Central African Republic (2013) 5503:Central African Republic (2003) 5483:Central African Republic (2001) 5189:List of coups and coup attempts 4976:Central African Republic (2021) 4874:Central African Republic (2013) 4660:Central African Republic (2003) 4646:Central African Republic (2001) 4197:Central African Republic (1982) 4176:Central African Republic (1981) 4116:Central African Republic (1979) 3003: 2977: 2913: 2830: 2814:Caramo Cassama (10 June 2012). 2807: 2783: 2753: 2723: 2693: 2663: 2647:. 16 April 2012. Archived from 2637: 2605: 2575: 2512: 2486: 2460: 2408: 2382: 2366:. United Nations. 18 May 2012. 2356: 2330: 2304: 2278: 2248: 2218: 2192: 2038: 1863: 1833: 1803: 1773: 1743: 1712: 1572: 1556:. 14 April 2012. Archived from 1501:. 15 March 2012. Archived from 1487: 1457: 1396: 1301: 1146:"West Africa's 'cocaine coast'" 1022:from the original on 7 May 2019 1010:Adam Nossiter (13 April 2012). 942:Continued political instability 930:Drug Enforcement Administration 890:Subsequent non-political events 794:, the Secretary-General of the 719:United Nations Security Council 1719:Alberto Dabo (13 April 2012). 1270: 1244: 1201: 1138: 1052:Alberto Dabo (13 April 2012). 839:Ministry of External Relations 472: 24:2012 Guinea-Bissau coup d'état 1: 5039:Burkina Faso (September 2022) 1657:. Voanews.com. Archived from 992: 726:of the UNSC, U.S. Ambassador 417:Days before the coup, fellow 353: 220:National Transitional Council 5860:São Tomé and Príncipe (2022) 5523:São Tomé and Príncipe (2003) 5362:São Tomé and Príncipe (1995) 5046:São Tomé and Príncipe (2022) 4681:São Tomé and Príncipe (2003) 4600:Republic of the Congo (1998) 4537:São Tomé and Príncipe (1995) 4474:Sierra Leone (December 1992) 4351:São Tomé and Príncipe (1988) 4323:Republic of the Congo (1987) 3927:Republic of the Congo (1972) 3825:Republic of the Congo (1968) 3776:Republic of the Congo (1966) 3629:Republic of the Congo (1960) 1847:. AllAfrica. 13 April 2012. 813:Ismael Abraao Gaspar Martins 761:Oldemiro Julio Marques Baloi 712:International Criminal Court 655: 652:was the speaker of the NTC. 454: 443:and the Army Chief-of-Staff 7: 5998:April 2012 events in Africa 5025:Burkina Faso (January 2022) 4218:Upper Volta (February 1983) 2232:. London. 23 January 2008. 1653:Anne Look (19 March 2012). 875:White House Press Secretary 857:(UNGA). Liberian President 660: 376:failed coup attempt in 2011 10: 6014: 4572:Sierra Leone (August 1996) 1148:. Iiss.org. Archived from 1122:. KTAR.com. Archived from 409:ethnic group, who are the 305:Up to 200 (Angolan troops) 102:seized by military command 5918: 5782: 5626: 5440: 5209: 5184: 5111: 4960: 4781: 4623: 4388: 4225:Upper Volta (August 1983) 4125: 3869: 3620: 3501: 3419: 3367: 3329: 3320: 3280: 3271: 3219: 3210: 3163: 3154: 3141: 3073: 1285:. Toronto. Archived from 1226:10.1017/S0022278X12000079 849:Guinean Foreign Minister 832:José Filipe Moraes Cabral 805: 739:, on five members of the 578:national unity government 389:on 9 January 2012, a new 299: 224: 141: 39: 28: 23: 5543:Equatorial Guinea (2004) 4709:Equatorial Guinea (2004) 4109:Equatorial Guinea (1979) 2791: 1929:. News24. Archived from 957:Bissau-Guinean Civil War 827:José Pedro Aguiar-Branco 671:Mamadu Saliu Djaló Pires 459:According to Portugal's 445:Geraldo Sachipengo Nunda 308:50%+ of the Armed Forces 3741:Burundi (November 1966) 3013:. BBC. 1 January 2013. 2895:Security Council Report 1785:San Francisco Chronicle 953:Foreign Service Officer 922:By the end of the year 675:international community 481:Presidential candidate 372:military unrest in 2010 155:Civilian administration 5957:Plots and conspiracies 5463:Solomon Islands (2000) 5011:Sudan (September 2021) 3846:Libya (September 1969) 3762:Nigeria (January 1966) 3148: 2496:. KUNA. Archived from 2470:. Al Jazeera English. 2110:. CNN. 14 April 2012. 2081:. BBC. 13 April 2012. 1958:. BBC. 13 April 2012. 1208:Birgit Embalo (2012). 753:Georges Rebelo Chicoti 703:Kadré Désiré Ouedraogo 646:Manuel Serifo Nhamadjo 598:Manuel Serifo Nhamadjo 541: 511:Desejado Lima da Costa 497:and interim President 486: 437:Jorge Tolentino Araújo 348:Manuel Serifo Nhamadjo 225:Commanders and leaders 126:Manuel Serifo Nhamadjo 112:and interim President 5983:2012 in Guinea-Bissau 5327:Bophuthatswana (1994) 4502:Bophuthatswana (1994) 3860:Libya (December 1969) 3650:French Algeria (1961) 3147: 2767:. 25 September 2012. 2737:. 25 September 2012. 2707:. 26 September 2012. 2677:. 27 September 2012. 859:Ellen Johnson Sirleaf 851:Edouard Niankoye Lama 535: 480: 332:presidential election 249:Adiato Djaló Nandigna 78:11.86389°N 15.58500°W 5900:Guinea-Bissau (2023) 5855:Guinea-Bissau (2022) 5839:Burkina Faso (2022) 5674:Guinea-Bissau (2012) 5649:Guinea-Bissau (2011) 5518:Guinea-Bissau (2003) 5493:Côte d'Ivoire (2002) 5468:Côte d'Ivoire (2001) 5432:Côte d'Ivoire (1999) 5417:Guinea-Bissau (1998) 5095:Guinea-Bissau (2023) 5032:Guinea-Bissau (2022) 5018:Sudan (October 2021) 4867:Libya (October 2013) 4825:Guinea-Bissau (2012) 4811:Guinea-Bissau (2011) 4674:Guinea-Bissau (2003) 4653:Côte d'Ivoire (2002) 4632:Côte d'Ivoire (2001) 4614:Côte d'Ivoire (1999) 4593:Guinea-Bissau (1998) 4148:Guinea-Bissau (1980) 3615:in Africa since 1960 3130:2010 military unrest 2795:(in Russian). Mid.ru 2618:O Estado de S. Paulo 792:Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu 737:diplomatic passports 693:Daniel Kablan Duncan 322:On 12 April 2012, a 315:members of the army) 130:Rui Duarte de Barros 35:Map of Guinea-Bissau 5895:Sierra Leone (2023) 5890:Burkina Faso (2023) 5744:Burkina Faso (2016) 5734:Burkina Faso (2015) 5498:Burkina Faso (2003) 5277:Sierra Leone (1992) 5242:Georgia (1991–1992) 5232:Soviet Union (1991) 5088:Sierra Leone (2023) 5081:Burkina Faso (2023) 4916:Burkina Faso (2016) 4909:Burkina Faso (2015) 4688:Burkina Faso (2003) 4586:Sierra Leone (1997) 4544:Sierra Leone (1996) 4460:Sierra Leone (1992) 4358:Burkina Faso (1989) 4309:Burkina Faso (1987) 3811:Sierra Leone (1968) 3769:Nigeria (July 1966) 3734:Burundi (July 1966) 3110:War of Independence 3093:African slave trade 863:Hifikepunye Pohamba 669:, Foreign Minister 495:Carlos Gomes Júnior 483:Carlos Gomes Júnior 449:Carlos Gomes Júnior 336:Carlos Gomes Júnior 272:Mohamed Ialá Embaló 260:Carlos Gomes Júnior 159:Election Commission 110:Carlos Gomes Júnior 83:11.86389; -15.58500 74: / 5593:Philippines (2007) 5513:Philippines (2003) 4211:Upper Volta (1982) 4155:Upper Volta (1980) 4053:Uganda (June 1977) 3941:Upper Volta (1974) 3755:Upper Volta (1966) 3303:Telecommunications 3149: 2959:The New York Times 2927:. 23 August 2012. 2651:on 24 January 2013 2589:. 1 October 2012. 2526:. 1 October 2012. 2448:on 20 January 2013 1904:The New York Times 1590:on 18 January 2013 1315:on 5 December 2012 1289:on 16 January 2013 1283:The Globe and Mail 1183:The Nigerian Voice 1126:on 14 October 2013 1016:The New York Times 973:Resolution process 948:The New York Times 925:The New York Times 574:Mamadu Ture Kuruma 542: 536:Interim President 487: 364:since independence 5988:Conflicts in 2012 5965: 5964: 5654:Bangladesh (2011) 5639:Madagascar (2010) 5613:Madagascar (2009) 5603:Mauritania (2008) 5583:Madagascar (2006) 5568:Mauritania (2005) 5508:Mauritania (2003) 5397:Bangladesh (1996) 5352:Azerbaijan (1995) 5297:Azerbaijan (1993) 5246:Venezuela (1992) 5139: 5138: 5116:: successful coup 4895:The Gambia (2014) 4832:Mali (April 2012) 4818:Mali (March 2012) 4790:Madagascar (2010) 4772:Madagascar (2009) 4758:Mauritania (2008) 4744:Madagascar (2006) 4730:Mauritania (2005) 4667:Mauritania (2003) 4239:Mauritania (1984) 4190:Seychelles (1981) 4162:Mauritania (1981) 4134:Mauritania (1980) 4095:Mauritania (1979) 4088:Mauritania (1978) 4039:Seychelles (1977) 3579: 3578: 3450: 3449: 3415: 3414: 3316: 3315: 3267: 3266: 3249:Political parties 3229:Foreign relations 3206: 3205: 3098:Portuguese Guinea 2621:(in Portuguese). 2262:. 19 April 2012. 2050:Belfast Telegraph 1817:. 12 April 2012. 1787:. 14 April 2012. 1410:on 3 January 2013 1341:on 10 August 2014 867:Goodluck Jonathan 714:recommendations. 610:Vicente Fernandes 411:largest ethnicity 387:Malam Bacai Sanhá 380:Navy and the Army 320: 319: 137: 136: 6005: 5954: 5953: 5488:Venezuela (2002) 5317:Lithuania (1993) 5292:Guatemala (1993) 5166: 5159: 5152: 5143: 5142: 5132: 5124: 5117: 5104: 5097: 5090: 5083: 5076: 5069: 5062: 5055: 5048: 5041: 5034: 5027: 5020: 5013: 5006: 4999: 4992: 4985: 4978: 4971: 4953: 4946: 4939: 4932: 4925: 4918: 4911: 4904: 4897: 4890: 4883: 4876: 4869: 4862: 4855: 4848: 4841: 4834: 4827: 4820: 4813: 4806: 4799: 4792: 4774: 4767: 4760: 4753: 4746: 4739: 4732: 4725: 4718: 4711: 4704: 4697: 4690: 4683: 4676: 4669: 4662: 4655: 4648: 4641: 4634: 4616: 4609: 4602: 4595: 4588: 4581: 4574: 4567: 4560: 4553: 4546: 4539: 4532: 4525: 4518: 4511: 4504: 4497: 4490: 4483: 4476: 4469: 4462: 4455: 4448: 4441: 4434: 4427: 4420: 4413: 4406: 4399: 4381: 4374: 4367: 4360: 4353: 4346: 4339: 4332: 4325: 4318: 4311: 4304: 4297: 4290: 4283: 4276: 4269: 4262: 4255: 4248: 4241: 4234: 4227: 4220: 4213: 4206: 4199: 4192: 4185: 4178: 4171: 4164: 4157: 4150: 4143: 4136: 4118: 4111: 4104: 4097: 4090: 4083: 4076: 4069: 4062: 4055: 4048: 4041: 4034: 4027: 4020: 4013: 4006: 3999: 3992: 3985: 3978: 3971: 3964: 3957: 3950: 3943: 3936: 3929: 3922: 3915: 3908: 3901: 3894: 3887: 3880: 3862: 3855: 3848: 3841: 3834: 3827: 3820: 3813: 3806: 3799: 3792: 3785: 3778: 3771: 3764: 3757: 3750: 3743: 3736: 3729: 3722: 3715: 3708: 3701: 3694: 3687: 3680: 3673: 3666: 3659: 3652: 3645: 3638: 3631: 3606: 3599: 3592: 3583: 3582: 3496: 3495: 3477: 3470: 3463: 3454: 3453: 3435: 3428: 3327: 3326: 3288: 3278: 3277: 3217: 3216: 3161: 3160: 3135:2012 coup d'état 3125:2003 coup d'état 3115:1980 coup d'état 3083:Regional history 3056: 3049: 3042: 3033: 3032: 3027: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3007: 3001: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2981: 2975: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2950: 2941: 2940: 2938: 2936: 2917: 2911: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2887: 2881: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2861: 2855: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2834: 2828: 2827: 2825: 2823: 2811: 2805: 2804: 2802: 2800: 2787: 2781: 2780: 2778: 2776: 2757: 2751: 2750: 2748: 2746: 2727: 2721: 2720: 2718: 2716: 2697: 2691: 2690: 2688: 2686: 2667: 2661: 2660: 2658: 2656: 2641: 2635: 2634: 2632: 2630: 2609: 2603: 2602: 2600: 2598: 2579: 2573: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2563:on 15 April 2012 2553: 2540: 2539: 2537: 2535: 2516: 2510: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2490: 2484: 2483: 2481: 2479: 2464: 2458: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2438: 2432: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2412: 2406: 2405: 2403: 2401: 2386: 2380: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2360: 2354: 2353: 2351: 2349: 2334: 2328: 2327: 2325: 2323: 2308: 2302: 2301: 2299: 2297: 2282: 2276: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2252: 2246: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2222: 2216: 2215: 2213: 2211: 2196: 2190: 2189: 2187: 2185: 2166: 2157: 2156: 2154: 2152: 2137: 2124: 2123: 2121: 2119: 2104: 2095: 2094: 2092: 2090: 2075: 2066: 2065: 2063: 2061: 2042: 2036: 2035: 2033: 2031: 2022:. Archived from 2016: 2001: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1991:on 18 April 2012 1981: 1972: 1971: 1969: 1967: 1952: 1943: 1942: 1940: 1938: 1933:on 18 April 2012 1923: 1908: 1907: 1906:. 13 April 2012. 1896: 1887: 1886: 1884: 1882: 1867: 1861: 1860: 1858: 1856: 1837: 1831: 1830: 1828: 1826: 1807: 1801: 1800: 1798: 1796: 1777: 1771: 1770: 1768: 1766: 1747: 1741: 1740: 1738: 1736: 1716: 1710: 1709: 1707: 1705: 1700:on 12 April 2012 1690: 1671: 1670: 1668: 1666: 1661:on 15 April 2012 1650: 1639: 1638: 1636: 1634: 1629:on 14 April 2012 1619: 1600: 1599: 1597: 1595: 1586:. Archived from 1576: 1570: 1569: 1567: 1565: 1546: 1515: 1514: 1512: 1510: 1505:on 14 April 2012 1491: 1485: 1484: 1482: 1480: 1471:. Archived from 1461: 1455: 1454: 1452: 1450: 1435: 1420: 1419: 1417: 1415: 1406:. Archived from 1400: 1394: 1393: 1391: 1389: 1374: 1351: 1350: 1348: 1346: 1331: 1325: 1324: 1322: 1320: 1305: 1299: 1298: 1296: 1294: 1274: 1268: 1267: 1265: 1263: 1258:on 18 April 2012 1248: 1242: 1241: 1239: 1237: 1205: 1199: 1198: 1196: 1194: 1175: 1162: 1161: 1159: 1157: 1152:on 15 April 2013 1142: 1136: 1135: 1133: 1131: 1116: 1107: 1106: 1104: 1102: 1087: 1074: 1073: 1071: 1069: 1049: 1032: 1031: 1029: 1027: 1007: 983:José Ramos-Horta 843:José Ramos-Horta 788:Catherine Ashton 757:Antonio Patriota 618:Union for Change 538:Raimundo Pereira 499:Raimundo Pereira 316: 292: 291: 281: 280: 279: 270: 269: 258: 257: 247: 246: 238:Raimundo Pereira 236: 235: 219: 218: 210:Military Command 208: 207: 206: 198:Angolan Military 196: 195: 185: 184: 176: 175: 167: 153: 152: 121:Aborted election 114:Raimundo Pereira 89: 88: 86: 85: 84: 79: 75: 72: 71: 70: 67: 41: 40: 33: 21: 20: 6013: 6012: 6008: 6007: 6006: 6004: 6003: 6002: 5968: 5967: 5966: 5961: 5948: 5914: 5778: 5774:Ethiopia (2019) 5754:Zimbabwe (2017) 5724:Yemen (2014–15) 5714:Thailand (2014) 5622: 5618:Honduras (2009) 5578:Thailand (2006) 5453:Paraguay (2000) 5436: 5427:Pakistan (1999) 5402:Cambodia (1997) 5372:Paraguay (1996) 5347:Cambodia (1994) 5227:Thailand (1991) 5205: 5180: 5170: 5140: 5135: 5127: 5120: 5115: 5107: 5100: 5093: 5086: 5079: 5072: 5065: 5058: 5051: 5044: 5037: 5030: 5023: 5016: 5009: 5002: 4995: 4988: 4981: 4974: 4967: 4956: 4951:Ethiopia (2019) 4949: 4942: 4935: 4930:Zimbabwe (2017) 4928: 4921: 4914: 4907: 4900: 4893: 4886: 4879: 4872: 4865: 4858: 4851: 4844: 4837: 4830: 4823: 4816: 4809: 4802: 4795: 4788: 4777: 4770: 4763: 4756: 4749: 4742: 4735: 4728: 4721: 4714: 4707: 4700: 4693: 4686: 4679: 4672: 4665: 4658: 4651: 4644: 4637: 4630: 4619: 4612: 4605: 4598: 4591: 4584: 4577: 4570: 4563: 4556: 4549: 4542: 4535: 4528: 4521: 4514: 4507: 4500: 4493: 4486: 4479: 4472: 4465: 4458: 4451: 4444: 4437: 4430: 4423: 4416: 4409: 4402: 4395: 4384: 4377: 4370: 4365:Ethiopia (1989) 4363: 4356: 4349: 4342: 4337:Transkei (1987) 4335: 4328: 4321: 4314: 4307: 4300: 4293: 4286: 4279: 4272: 4265: 4258: 4251: 4246:Cameroon (1984) 4244: 4237: 4230: 4223: 4216: 4209: 4202: 4195: 4188: 4181: 4174: 4167: 4160: 4153: 4146: 4139: 4132: 4121: 4114: 4107: 4100: 4093: 4086: 4079: 4072: 4065: 4058: 4051: 4044: 4037: 4030: 4023: 4016: 4009: 4002: 3995: 3988: 3981: 3974: 3967: 3962:Ethiopia (1974) 3960: 3953: 3946: 3939: 3932: 3925: 3918: 3911: 3904: 3897: 3890: 3883: 3876: 3865: 3858: 3851: 3844: 3837: 3830: 3823: 3816: 3809: 3802: 3795: 3788: 3781: 3774: 3767: 3760: 3753: 3746: 3739: 3732: 3725: 3718: 3711: 3704: 3697: 3690: 3683: 3676: 3669: 3662: 3655: 3648: 3641: 3636:Ethiopia (1960) 3634: 3627: 3616: 3610: 3580: 3575: 3497: 3490: 3481: 3451: 3446: 3438: 3431: 3424: 3411: 3363: 3312: 3286: 3263: 3202: 3150: 3139: 3069: 3060: 3030: 3020: 3018: 3009: 3008: 3004: 2994: 2992: 2983: 2982: 2978: 2968: 2966: 2951: 2944: 2934: 2932: 2919: 2918: 2914: 2904: 2902: 2889: 2888: 2884: 2874: 2872: 2863: 2862: 2858: 2848: 2846: 2835: 2831: 2821: 2819: 2812: 2808: 2798: 2796: 2793: 2789: 2788: 2784: 2774: 2772: 2765:Gadebate.un.org 2759: 2758: 2754: 2744: 2742: 2735:Gadebate.un.org 2729: 2728: 2724: 2714: 2712: 2705:Gadebate.un.org 2699: 2698: 2694: 2684: 2682: 2675:Gadebate.un.org 2669: 2668: 2664: 2654: 2652: 2643: 2642: 2638: 2628: 2626: 2611: 2610: 2606: 2596: 2594: 2587:Gadebate.un.org 2581: 2580: 2576: 2566: 2564: 2555: 2554: 2543: 2533: 2531: 2524:Gadebate.un.org 2518: 2517: 2513: 2503: 2501: 2492: 2491: 2487: 2477: 2475: 2466: 2465: 2461: 2451: 2449: 2440: 2439: 2435: 2425: 2423: 2414: 2413: 2409: 2399: 2397: 2388: 2387: 2383: 2373: 2371: 2362: 2361: 2357: 2347: 2345: 2336: 2335: 2331: 2321: 2319: 2310: 2309: 2305: 2295: 2293: 2292:on 15 June 2012 2284: 2283: 2279: 2269: 2267: 2254: 2253: 2249: 2239: 2237: 2224: 2223: 2219: 2209: 2207: 2198: 2197: 2193: 2183: 2181: 2168: 2167: 2160: 2150: 2148: 2147:on 15 June 2012 2139: 2138: 2127: 2117: 2115: 2106: 2105: 2098: 2088: 2086: 2077: 2076: 2069: 2059: 2057: 2044: 2043: 2039: 2029: 2027: 2026:on 3 March 2014 2018: 2017: 2004: 1994: 1992: 1983: 1982: 1975: 1965: 1963: 1954: 1953: 1946: 1936: 1934: 1925: 1924: 1911: 1898: 1897: 1890: 1880: 1878: 1877:. 20 March 2012 1869: 1868: 1864: 1854: 1852: 1839: 1838: 1834: 1824: 1822: 1809: 1808: 1804: 1794: 1792: 1779: 1778: 1774: 1764: 1762: 1749: 1748: 1744: 1734: 1732: 1717: 1713: 1703: 1701: 1692: 1691: 1674: 1664: 1662: 1651: 1642: 1632: 1630: 1621: 1620: 1603: 1593: 1591: 1578: 1577: 1573: 1563: 1561: 1560:on 4 March 2016 1548: 1547: 1518: 1508: 1506: 1493: 1492: 1488: 1478: 1476: 1463: 1462: 1458: 1448: 1446: 1441:. Yahoo! News. 1437: 1436: 1423: 1413: 1411: 1402: 1401: 1397: 1387: 1385: 1384:on 4 March 2016 1376: 1375: 1354: 1344: 1342: 1333: 1332: 1328: 1318: 1316: 1307: 1306: 1302: 1292: 1290: 1275: 1271: 1261: 1259: 1250: 1249: 1245: 1235: 1233: 1206: 1202: 1192: 1190: 1177: 1176: 1165: 1155: 1153: 1144: 1143: 1139: 1129: 1127: 1118: 1117: 1110: 1100: 1098: 1089: 1088: 1077: 1067: 1065: 1050: 1035: 1025: 1023: 1008: 999: 995: 987:Joseph Mutaboba 975: 944: 892: 808: 763:and Portugal's 689: 684: 663: 658: 570: 475: 457: 356: 311:(predominantly 310: 309: 286: 285: 277: 275: 274: 264: 252: 251: 241: 240: 230: 213: 212: 204: 202: 190: 189: 179: 178: 170: 169: 162: 147: 82: 80: 76: 73: 68: 65: 63: 61: 60: 59: 34: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6011: 6001: 6000: 5995: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5963: 5962: 5960: 5959: 5936: 5928: 5926:or its attempt 5919: 5916: 5915: 5913: 5912: 5910:Bolivia (2024) 5907: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5851: 5850: 5845: 5837: 5836: 5835: 5830: 5822: 5820:Tunisia (2021) 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5800:Myanmar (2021) 5797: 5792: 5786: 5784: 5780: 5779: 5777: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5729:Burundi (2015) 5726: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5684:Eritrea (2013) 5681: 5676: 5671: 5670: 5669: 5664: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5630: 5628: 5624: 5623: 5621: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5525: 5520: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5473:Burundi (2001) 5470: 5465: 5460: 5455: 5450: 5448:Ecuador (2000) 5444: 5442: 5438: 5437: 5435: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5382:Burundi (1996) 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5342:Liberia (1994) 5339: 5337:Lesotho (1994) 5334: 5329: 5324: 5322:Nigeria (1993) 5319: 5314: 5312:Burundi (1993) 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5282:Algeria (1992) 5279: 5274: 5273: 5272: 5267: 5259: 5258: 5257: 5252: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5222:Lesotho (1991) 5219: 5213: 5211: 5207: 5206: 5204: 5203: 5202: 5201: 5196: 5185: 5182: 5181: 5169: 5168: 5161: 5154: 5146: 5137: 5136: 5134: 5133: 5130:attempted coup 5125: 5118: 5112: 5109: 5108: 5106: 5105: 5098: 5091: 5084: 5077: 5070: 5063: 5056: 5049: 5042: 5035: 5028: 5021: 5014: 5007: 5000: 4997:Tunisia (2021) 4993: 4986: 4979: 4972: 4964: 4962: 4958: 4957: 4955: 4954: 4947: 4940: 4933: 4926: 4919: 4912: 4905: 4902:Burundi (2015) 4898: 4891: 4888:Lesotho (2014) 4884: 4877: 4870: 4863: 4856: 4849: 4846:Eritrea (2013) 4842: 4835: 4828: 4821: 4814: 4807: 4800: 4793: 4785: 4783: 4779: 4778: 4776: 4775: 4768: 4761: 4754: 4747: 4740: 4733: 4726: 4719: 4712: 4705: 4698: 4691: 4684: 4677: 4670: 4663: 4656: 4649: 4642: 4639:Burundi (2001) 4635: 4627: 4625: 4621: 4620: 4618: 4617: 4610: 4603: 4596: 4589: 4582: 4575: 4568: 4561: 4558:Burundi (1996) 4554: 4547: 4540: 4533: 4530:Comoros (1995) 4526: 4523:Liberia (1994) 4519: 4516:Lesotho (1994) 4512: 4505: 4498: 4495:Nigeria (1993) 4491: 4484: 4481:Burundi (1993) 4477: 4470: 4467:Algeria (1992) 4463: 4456: 4449: 4446:Lesotho (1991) 4442: 4435: 4428: 4421: 4414: 4407: 4404:Nigeria (1990) 4400: 4392: 4390: 4386: 4385: 4383: 4382: 4375: 4368: 4361: 4354: 4347: 4340: 4333: 4330:Tunisia (1987) 4326: 4319: 4316:Burundi (1987) 4312: 4305: 4298: 4295:Lesotho (1986) 4291: 4288:Liberia (1985) 4284: 4277: 4270: 4267:Nigeria (1985) 4263: 4256: 4249: 4242: 4235: 4232:Nigeria (1983) 4228: 4221: 4214: 4207: 4200: 4193: 4186: 4179: 4172: 4165: 4158: 4151: 4144: 4141:Liberia (1980) 4137: 4129: 4127: 4123: 4122: 4120: 4119: 4112: 4105: 4098: 4091: 4084: 4077: 4074:Comoros (1978) 4070: 4067:Somalia (1978) 4063: 4056: 4049: 4042: 4035: 4028: 4021: 4018:Nigeria (1976) 4014: 4011:Burundi (1976) 4007: 4004:Comoros (1976) 4000: 3993: 3990:Nigeria (1975) 3986: 3979: 3972: 3969:Comoros (1975) 3965: 3958: 3951: 3944: 3937: 3930: 3923: 3920:Morocco (1972) 3916: 3909: 3906:Dahomey (1972) 3902: 3895: 3892:Morocco (1971) 3888: 3881: 3878:Lesotho (1970) 3873: 3871: 3867: 3866: 3864: 3863: 3856: 3853:Somalia (1969) 3849: 3842: 3835: 3832:Dahomey (1969) 3828: 3821: 3814: 3807: 3804:Algeria (1967) 3800: 3793: 3786: 3783:Dahomey (1967) 3779: 3772: 3765: 3758: 3751: 3744: 3737: 3730: 3723: 3716: 3713:Burundi (1965) 3709: 3706:Dahomey (1965) 3702: 3699:Algeria (1965) 3695: 3688: 3681: 3678:Dahomey (1963) 3674: 3671:Algeria (1962) 3667: 3664:Senegal (1962) 3660: 3657:Somalia (1961) 3653: 3646: 3639: 3632: 3624: 3622: 3618: 3617: 3609: 3608: 3601: 3594: 3586: 3577: 3576: 3574: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3502: 3499: 3498: 3480: 3479: 3472: 3465: 3457: 3448: 3447: 3445: 3444: 3437: 3436: 3429: 3421: 3420: 3417: 3416: 3413: 3412: 3410: 3409: 3404: 3399: 3394: 3389: 3384: 3379: 3373: 3371: 3365: 3364: 3362: 3361: 3356: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3330: 3324: 3318: 3317: 3314: 3313: 3311: 3310: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3290: 3281: 3275: 3269: 3268: 3265: 3264: 3262: 3261: 3259:Prime Minister 3256: 3251: 3246: 3241: 3236: 3231: 3226: 3220: 3214: 3208: 3207: 3204: 3203: 3201: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3175: 3170: 3164: 3158: 3152: 3151: 3142: 3140: 3138: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3107: 3106: 3105: 3095: 3090: 3085: 3079: 3077: 3071: 3070: 3059: 3058: 3051: 3044: 3036: 3029: 3028: 3002: 2976: 2942: 2912: 2882: 2856: 2829: 2806: 2782: 2752: 2722: 2692: 2662: 2636: 2604: 2574: 2541: 2511: 2500:on 15 May 2013 2485: 2459: 2433: 2407: 2381: 2355: 2329: 2303: 2277: 2247: 2217: 2191: 2158: 2125: 2096: 2067: 2037: 2002: 1973: 1944: 1909: 1888: 1862: 1832: 1802: 1772: 1742: 1711: 1672: 1640: 1601: 1571: 1516: 1486: 1475:on 15 May 2013 1456: 1421: 1395: 1352: 1326: 1300: 1269: 1243: 1200: 1163: 1137: 1108: 1075: 1033: 996: 994: 991: 974: 971: 943: 940: 904:Angola Bauxite 891: 888: 807: 804: 781:European Union 741:military junta 688: 685: 683: 680: 662: 659: 657: 654: 636:the next day. 634:general strike 614:Agnela Regalla 586:Antonio Indjai 569: 566: 550:Fernando Gomes 474: 471: 456: 453: 355: 352: 318: 317: 306: 302: 301: 297: 296: 262: 227: 226: 222: 221: 200: 144: 143: 139: 138: 135: 134: 133: 132: 122: 119: 116: 106: 103: 95: 91: 90: 55: 53: 49: 48: 45: 37: 36: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6010: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5975: 5973: 5958: 5947: 5946: 5942: 5937: 5935: 5933: 5929: 5927: 5925: 5921: 5920: 5917: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5870:Gambia (2022) 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5840: 5838: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5826: 5825: 5824:Sudan (2021) 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5815:Guinea (2021) 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5787: 5785: 5781: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5739:Turkey (2016) 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5719:Gambia (2014) 5717: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 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Bloomberg. 2840: 2833: 2817: 2810: 2794: 2786: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2756: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2726: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2696: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2666: 2650: 2646: 2640: 2624: 2620: 2619: 2614: 2608: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2578: 2562: 2558: 2552: 2550: 2548: 2546: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2515: 2499: 2495: 2489: 2473: 2469: 2463: 2447: 2443: 2437: 2421: 2418:. 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