468:, who opposes government energy regulations such as cap-and-trade and has called man-made climate change a hoax, cheered what he called the setting aside of "any remote possibility of a UN global warming treaty" and described the conference outcome as "the complete collapse of the global warming movement and the failure of the Kyoto process". Inhofe said that the message from Washington, including from President Obama and the Democratic leadership of the U.S. Senate, to the delegates of the conference was that they are being ignored.
324:
India will never be intimidated by any threat or any kind of pressure. What's this legal instrument? How do I give a blank cheque? We're talking of livelihoods and sustainability here. I'm not accusing anybody, but there are efforts to shift the (climate) problem to countries that have not contributed to it. If that is done, we're willing to reopen the entire Durban
Package. We did not issue a threat. But are we being made into a scapegoat? Please don't hold us hostage.
2864:
1304:
2852:
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169:
338:
and development organisations, have all come together to call on COP17 negotiators to address the need for a Work
Programme on agriculture", Campbell said. "Now, it is up to negotiators to heed our joint call-to-action and allow agriculture to play its part in building resilience amongst vulnerable populations, helping farmers adapt to more unpredictable and extreme weather conditions and mitigating future climate change".
248:. Russia's proposal would bring about a "periodic review" whereby countries currently categorised as "poor" could be recategorised as "rich", and thus obliged to shoulder greater obligations in the combat against climate change. BBC Environment correspondent Richard Black commented that the proposal would be "provocative and explosive, if Russia pushes it", because potentially affected countries, such as
284:, head of the Chinese delegation, stated that China was willing to make binding commitments to limited greenhouse gases in 2020 if they appropriately took into account historical contributions of greenhouse gases by developed countries such as the United States and European states and sustainable economic needs of
398:
The Ad Hoc
Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action was consequently established to conclude the shaping of the next climate regime, which must include the entire international community – including the United States and emerging countries – in the fight against global warming (unlike
323:
We have shown more flexibility than virtually any other country. But equity is the centrepiece, it cannot be shifted. This is not about India. Does fighting climate change mean we have to give up on equity? We have agreed to protocol and legal instrument. What's the problem in having one more option?
264:, would introduce a "last resort" mechanism to break any deadlocks in climate change negotiations through a three-quarters majority vote, thus clarifying the decision-making process under the convention. Describing the proposal as "intriguing", Black noted that although it would theoretically enable
439:
in London, said: "The agreement here has not in itself taken us off the 4 °C path we are on... But by forcing countries for the first time to admit that their current policies are inadequate and must be strengthened by 2015, it has snatched 2 °C from the jaws of impossibility. At the same
346:
Nnimmo Bassey, Chair of
Friends of the Earth International, said "delaying real action until 2020 is a crime of global proportions ... An increase in global temperatures of 4 degrees Celsius, permitted under this plan, is a death sentence for Africa, Small Island States, and the poor and vulnerable
337:
research program on
Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), said it was astonishing that agriculture, one of the worst emitters of greenhouse gases, remained excluded from global agreements on climate change. "Leading agricultural groups, from farmers and researchers to policymakers
208:
extended the mandates of the two temporary subsidiary bodies – the Ad Hoc
Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I Parties under the Kyoto Protocol (AWG-KP) and the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the convention (AWG-LCA) – so they were expected to meet as well.
387:
After two weeks of negotiations a deal was reached only on the last day, Sunday 11 December, after a 60-hour marathon negotiation session. Negotiators agreed to be part of a legally binding treaty to address global warming. The terms of the future treaty were to be defined by 2015 and become
358:
issued a statement calling on conference participants to ensure a peak in global emissions by 2015, continue the Kyoto
Protocol and provide a mandate for a comprehensive legally binding instrument, deliver climate finance and set up a framework for protecting forests in developing countries.
314:
stated that India "will not be intimidated. There is an attempt to shift the blame to developing countries. We do not accept that. Please do not hold us hostage. And please do not take our agreement to be weakness." Natarajan responded to
European Union Climate Commissioner
212:
A primary focus of the conference was to secure a global climate agreement as the Kyoto
Protocol's first commitment period (2008–2012) was about to end. It was also expected to focus on "finalising at least some of the Cancun Agreements", reached at the
388:
effective in 2020. The agreement, referred to as the "Durban
Platform for Enhanced Action", was notable in that for the first time it included developing countries such as China and India, as well as the US which had refused to ratify the
204:. In addition, the two permanent subsidiary bodies of the UNFCCC – the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI) – were likely to hold their 35th sessions. The
378:
and a member of the Youth Delegation, delivered a succinct speech that summed up the science regarding global warming and the failure of the UNFCCC negotiations to rein in climate change, demanding the UN "Get it done!"
460:
said: "Right now the global climate regime amounts to nothing more than a voluntary deal that's put off for a decade. This could take us over the 2 °C threshold where we pass from danger to potential catastrophe."
790:
32:
399:
the Kyoto Protocol, which only imposes binding reduction targets on countries listed in Annex I). The terms of the Durban Platform were ultimately met following the successful negotiation of the
450:
said: "I salute the countries who made this agreement. They have all laid aside some cherished objectives of their own to meet a common purpose, a long-term solution to climate change."
1043:
436:
495:
268:
to use their numerical superiority to adopt any kind of world-wide binding obligation, in practical terms they would still need the approval of rich countries to secure funding.
221:", as well as "forest protection, adaptation to climate impacts, and finance – the promised transfer of funds from rich countries to poor in order to help them protect forests,
2934:
1308:
2588:
395:
The agreement entailed the continuation of the Kyoto Protocol in the interim, although only some countries including members of the EU were indicated as likely to commit.
49:
471:
German media criticised the outcome as "almost useless", saying the pledges are vague and the timeline is slow, the main merit being that the talks have been kept alive.
859:
295:
their own greenhouse gas emissions. He called on developed countries to provide financial and technical aid to help developing nations fight against and cope with the
965:
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800:
245:
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1029:
149:
for which a management framework was adopted. The fund is to distribute US$ 100 billion per year to help poor countries adapt to climate impacts.
347:
worldwide. This summit has amplified climate apartheid, whereby the richest 1% of the world have decided that it is acceptable to sacrifice the 99%."
1904:
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time it has re-established the principle that climate change should be tackled through international law, not national, voluntarism."
2805:
1921:
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2136:
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1958:
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1501:
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deal comprising all countries by 2015, which was to take effect in 2020. There was also progress regarding the creation of a
608:
2822:
1768:
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548:
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1821:
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2530:
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2409:
1461:
27:
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2600:
2026:
1988:
1933:
1393:
2717:
2001:
1748:
1011:
822:
156:, declared it a success, scientists and environmental groups warned that the deal was not sufficient to avoid
2939:
2827:
2362:
1894:
2810:
2482:
2011:
2006:
1911:
1778:
1335:
222:
138:, South Africa, from 28 November to 11 December 2011 to establish a new treaty to limit carbon emissions.
2021:
1864:
2919:
2880:
2644:
2447:
2404:
2177:
2099:
1953:
892:
UNFCCC:Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (ADP), accessed online 2/8/2015
2959:
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196:(UNFCCC) and the 7th session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties
2759:
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2525:
2031:
1996:
1879:
1806:
1647:
1476:
1412:
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457:
281:
984:
2868:
2790:
2700:
2442:
2414:
2094:
1743:
1721:
1328:
371:
427:. The fund is to distribute US$ 100bn per year to help poor countries adapt to climate impacts.
2467:
2287:
2229:
2146:
2131:
2016:
1652:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
188:
The conference was officially referred to as the 17th session of the Conference of the Parties
181:
153:
2856:
2502:
2379:
2187:
1637:
1560:
681:"Proposal from the Russian Federation to amend article 4, paragraph 2 (f), of the Convention"
1021:
515:
2695:
2573:
2234:
1799:
1726:
265:
927:
667:
582:
8:
2712:
2487:
1711:
1706:
640:
443:
16:
International climate change conference in Durban, South Africa in November–December 2011
692:"Proposal from Papua New Guinea and Mexico to amend Articles 7 and 18 of the Convention"
691:
680:
256:, would "push back very strongly". Papua New Guinea's proposal, submitted by Ambassador
2540:
2472:
2389:
2239:
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1978:
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1968:
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201:
157:
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2089:
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23:
291:
Xie said that he was concerned about the reluctance of developed nations to
2680:
2477:
2121:
2111:
1758:
1642:
1555:
909:
604:
544:
257:
88:
2707:
2224:
2216:
1466:
993:
891:
715:
453:
173:
609:"Durban deal will not avert catastrophic climate change, say scientists"
236:
highlighted two contentious proposals which had been submitted – one by
2739:
2116:
1082:
Conference of the Parties Serving as the Meeting of the Parties of the
1075:
Conference of the Parties Serving as the Meeting of the Parties of the
863:
829:
The Mercury Independent Online, 6 December 2011. Web. 24 February 2012.
465:
423:
The conference led to agreement on a management framework for a future
355:
177:
141:
A treaty was not established, but the conference agreed to establish a
799:. New Delhi. Indo-Asian News Service. 11 December 2011. Archived from
1684:
168:
1662:
1320:
549:"Global climate change treaty in sight after Durban breakthrough"
437:
Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment
953:
Inhofe: 'Laughable' to call global warming a polar vortex factor
636:"Cancún deal leaves hard climate tasks to Durban summit in 2011"
2675:
966:"Inhofe on Durban UN Climate Conference: Kyoto Process Is Dead"
412:
261:
237:
135:
84:
743:"China Calls Canada's Kyoto Protocol Withdrawal 'Regrettable'"
2589:
Cooperative Mechanisms under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement
1672:
1051:
408:
375:
334:
307:
48:
736:
734:
496:
Post–Kyoto Protocol negotiations on greenhouse gas emissions
2765:
Illustrative model of greenhouse effect on climate change
905:"Hope at last at the Durban conference on climate change"
849:
Climate Himalaya, 6 December 2011. Web. 24 February 2012.
843:
Negotiations must deliver a work programme on agriculture
731:
233:
791:"India gets its way as climate summit in Durban closes"
1016:
539:
537:
435:
After the conference concluded, Michael Jacobs of the
2935:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
2606:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
1071:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
970:
U.S. Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works
246:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
194:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
922:
920:
534:
184:
and UNFCC Deputy Executive Secretary Richard Kinley
160:beyond 2 °C as more urgent action is needed.
917:
2906:
2806:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
985:"The Durban Climate Agreement 'Is Almost Useless
837:
835:
1541:History of climate change policy and politics
1336:
1037:
1012:2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference
711:"China open to talks on binding emission cut"
481:2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference
405:2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference
206:2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference
832:
771:"Get it Done! Youth to UN on Climate Treaty"
740:
1658:Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
764:
762:
760:
661:
659:
603:
576:
574:
572:
570:
543:
2887:
2875:
2332:
1343:
1329:
1044:
1030:
633:
2930:United Nations climate change conferences
2627:
2433:Adaptation strategies on the German coast
1566:United Nations Climate Change conferences
1053:United Nations climate change conferences
1017:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
982:
520:UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
448:UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
232:A month before the Conference began, the
172:From left to right: UN Secretary-General
2137:Co-benefits of climate change mitigation
1276:COP27–CMP17–CMA4 (Sharm El Sheikh, 2022)
768:
757:
656:
567:
167:
131:United Nations Climate Change Conference
42:United Nations Climate Change Conference
2493:National Adaptation Programme of Action
2282:Land use, land-use change, and forestry
634:Carrington, Damian (14 December 2010).
341:
152:While the president of the conference,
2925:Diplomatic conferences in South Africa
2907:
2142:Economics of climate change mitigation
2105:Gold Standard (carbon offset standard)
1618:
1446:Scientific consensus on climate change
902:
2801:Coupled Model Intercomparison Project
2626:
2331:
2067:
1617:
1529:
1410:
1362:
1324:
1025:
983:Crossland, David (12 December 2011).
887:
885:
703:
665:
580:
310:'s representative at the conference,
2950:December 2011 events in South Africa
2945:November 2011 events in South Africa
2823:Representative Concentration Pathway
1764:Tipping points in the climate system
1440:Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere
823:Leaders need to focus on agriculture
2955:South Africa and the United Nations
2594:Nationally determined contributions
2304:Individual action on climate change
1509:World energy supply and consumption
1250:COP24–CMP14–CMA1.3 (Katowice, 2018)
903:Jacobs, Michael (1 December 2011).
769:Gerhardt, Tina (11 December 2011).
581:Black, Richard (11 December 2011).
362:
13:
2733:Fixed anvil temperature hypothesis
1350:
1240:COP22–CMP12–CMA1 (Marrakech, 2016)
882:
866:. 23 November 2011. Archived from
668:"Durban: A summit of small steps?"
666:Black, Richard (31 October 2011).
607:; Vidal, John (11 December 2011).
583:"Climate talks end with late deal"
547:; Vidal, John (11 December 2011).
382:
14:
2971:
2660:Satellite temperature measurement
2265:forestry for carbon sequestration
1546:History of climate change science
1005:
860:"Polluticians occupy the climate"
741:Stephanie Ho (14 December 2011).
2886:
2874:
2863:
2862:
2850:
2511:Climate Change Performance Index
1890:Destruction of cultural heritage
1303:
1302:
1271:COP26–CMP16–CMA3 (Glasgow, 2021)
333:Bruce Campbell, Director of the
47:
2650:Instrumental temperature record
2601:Sustainable Development Goal 13
1255:COP25–CMP15–CMA2 (Madrid, 2019)
1245:COP23–CMP13–CMA1.2 (Bonn, 2017)
976:
958:
942:
896:
852:
815:
783:
2718:Climate variability and change
2068:
1749:Retreat of glaciers since 1850
1281:COP28–CMP18–CMA5 (Dubai, 2023)
685:
674:
627:
597:
508:
180:, President of the Conference
1:
2828:Shared Socioeconomic Pathways
2363:Climate emergency declaration
1286:COP29–CMP19–CMA6 (Baku, 2024)
1194:COP15–CMP5 (Copenhagen, 2009)
928:"Reaction to UN climate deal"
501:
446:, executive secretary of the
350:
271:
163:
2811:IPCC Sixth Assessment Report
2037:Middle East and North Africa
1363:
930:. BBC News. 11 December 2011
430:
176:, President of South Africa
7:
1885:Depopulation of settlements
1530:
1174:COP11–CMP1 (Montreal, 2005)
474:
244:, both aiming to amend the
217:, such as "co-operation on
10:
2976:
2645:Global surface temperature
2536:Popular culture depictions
2448:Ecosystem-based adaptation
2178:Carbon capture and storage
2100:Carbon offsets and credits
1411:
1179:COP12–CMP2 (Nairobi, 2006)
1169:COP10 (Buenos Aires, 2004)
69:11 December 2011
59:28 November 2011
2857:Climate change portal
2844:
2783:
2750:Extreme event attribution
2668:
2637:
2633:
2622:
2566:
2501:
2423:
2373:School Strike for Climate
2345:
2341:
2327:
2296:
2252:Climate-smart agriculture
2213:
2170:
2080:
2076:
2063:
1987:
1840:
1787:
1630:
1626:
1613:
1536:
1525:
1454:
1423:
1419:
1406:
1389:Climate change adaptation
1384:Climate change mitigation
1379:Effects of climate change
1369:
1358:
1298:
1263:
1235:COP21–CMP11 (Paris, 2015)
1225:COP19–CMP9 (Warsaw, 2013)
1215:COP17–CMP7 (Durban, 2011)
1210:COP16–CMP6 (Cancún, 2010)
1202:
1189:COP14–CMP4 (Poznań, 2008)
1136:
1123:COP4 (Buenos Aires, 1998)
1100:
1093:
1067:Conference of the Parties
1059:
719:. Xinhua. 5 December 2011
486:Climate change mitigation
297:effects of climate change
288:such as China and India.
114:
104:
94:
80:
55:
46:
41:
2760:Global warming potential
2567:International agreements
2214:Preserving and enhancing
1648:Arctic methane emissions
1570:Years in climate change
1477:Greenhouse gas emissions
1374:Causes of climate change
1230:COP20–CMP10 (Lima, 2014)
458:Greenpeace International
328:
302:
276:
2915:2011 in the environment
2791:Climate change scenario
2443:Disaster risk reduction
2095:Carbon emission trading
1905:U.S. insurance industry
1875:Civilizational collapse
1722:sea surface temperature
1220:COP18–CMP8 (Doha, 2012)
1184:COP13–CMP3 (Bali, 2007)
372:College of the Atlantic
370:, a college student at
227:"green" their economies
28:Infobox recurring event
20:
2784:Research and modelling
2468:Nature-based solutions
2288:Nature-based solutions
2230:Carbon dioxide removal
2147:Fossil fuel divestment
2132:Climate risk insurance
2042:Small island countries
1653:Arctic sea ice decline
1159:COP8 (New Delhi, 2002)
1154:COP7 (Marrakech, 2001)
1144:COP6 (The Hague, 2000)
326:
185:
182:Maite Nkoana-Mashabane
154:Maite Nkoana-Mashabane
33:considered for merging
2745:Earth's energy budget
2628:Background and theory
2516:Climate crisis (term)
2188:Fossil fuel phase-out
2082:Economics and finance
2047:by individual country
1989:By country and region
1964:Security and conflict
1959:Psychological impacts
1638:Abrupt climate change
1561:Charles David Keeling
1394:By country and region
321:
171:
2940:2011 in South Africa
2574:Glasgow Climate Pact
2235:Carbon sequestration
1800:Mass mortality event
821:Dardagan, Colleen. "
697:26 June 2013 at the
342:Friends of the Earth
286:developing countries
266:developing countries
260:with the support of
134:(COP17) was held in
2713:Climate sensitivity
2488:The Adaptation Fund
1944:Infectious diseases
1841:Social and economic
1113:COP2 (Geneva, 1996)
1108:COP1 (Berlin, 1995)
870:on 22 December 2011
803:on 12 December 2011
641:The Guardian Weekly
444:Christiana Figueres
2284:(LULUCF and AFOLU)
2256:Forest management
2240:Direct air capture
2205:Sustainable energy
2162:Net zero emissions
2157:Low-carbon economy
2152:Green Climate Fund
1939:Indigenous peoples
1832:Plant biodiversity
1620:Effects and issues
1164:COP9 (Milan, 2003)
1118:COP3 (Kyoto, 1997)
972:. 7 December 2011.
955:. 8 January 2014.
745:. Voice of America
425:Green Climate Fund
312:Jayanthi Natarajan
186:
147:Green Climate Fund
2920:History of Durban
2902:
2901:
2840:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2775:Radiative forcing
2618:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2438:Adaptive capacity
2323:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2183:Energy transition
2059:
2058:
2055:
2054:
1769:Tropical cyclones
1695:Urban heat island
1609:
1608:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1482:Carbon accounting
1436:Greenhouse effect
1402:
1401:
1318:
1317:
1294:
1293:
1149:COP6 (Bonn, 2001)
1128:COP5 (Bonn, 1999)
968:(Press release).
862:(Press release).
125:
124:
2967:
2960:Events in Durban
2890:
2889:
2878:
2877:
2866:
2865:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2818:Paleoclimatology
2635:
2634:
2624:
2623:
2385:Ecological grief
2368:Climate movement
2343:
2342:
2329:
2328:
2309:Plant-based diet
2200:Renewable energy
2078:
2077:
2065:
2064:
1900:Economic impacts
1822:Invasive species
1678:Coastal flooding
1628:
1627:
1615:
1614:
1551:Svante Arrhenius
1527:
1526:
1497:from agriculture
1487:Carbon footprint
1472:Greenhouse gases
1421:
1420:
1408:
1407:
1360:
1359:
1345:
1338:
1331:
1322:
1321:
1306:
1305:
1098:
1097:
1046:
1039:
1032:
1023:
1022:
999:
998:
988:
980:
974:
973:
962:
956:
946:
940:
939:
937:
935:
924:
915:
914:
900:
894:
889:
880:
879:
877:
875:
856:
850:
839:
830:
819:
813:
812:
810:
808:
787:
781:
780:
766:
755:
754:
752:
750:
738:
729:
728:
726:
724:
707:
701:
689:
683:
678:
672:
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522:. United Nations
512:
368:Anjali Appadurai
363:Youth Delegation
317:Connie Hedegaard
242:Papua New Guinea
223:adapt to climate
219:clean technology
199:
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121:member countries
76:
74:
66:
64:
51:
39:
38:
36:
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2898:
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2779:
2770:Orbital forcing
2664:
2629:
2610:
2584:Paris Agreement
2562:
2558:Warming stripes
2497:
2463:Managed retreat
2458:Loss and damage
2419:
2353:Business action
2337:
2315:
2292:
2215:
2209:
2166:
2127:Climate finance
2072:
2051:
1983:
1836:
1812:Extinction risk
1788:Flora and fauna
1783:
1744:Permafrost thaw
1739:Ozone depletion
1668:Extreme weather
1622:
1605:
1532:
1513:
1450:
1415:
1398:
1365:
1354:
1349:
1319:
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1198:
1132:
1089:
1084:Paris Agreement
1060:Types of events
1055:
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1002:
986:
981:
977:
964:
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959:
947:
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796:Hindustan Times
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776:The Progressive
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758:
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509:
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477:
433:
401:Paris Agreement
385:
383:Durban Platform
365:
353:
344:
331:
319:, saying that:
305:
279:
274:
240:, the other by
215:2010 Conference
197:
189:
166:
143:legally binding
72:
70:
68:
62:
60:
37:
21:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2973:
2963:
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2723:Cloud feedback
2720:
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2579:Kyoto Protocol
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2563:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2533:
2531:Media coverage
2528:
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2521:Climate spiral
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2507:
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2358:Climate action
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2270:REDD and REDD+
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2247:Carbon farming
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2019:
2014:
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1492:Carbon leakage
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1080:
1077:Kyoto Protocol
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1026:
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1006:External links
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847:chimalaya.org.
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2728:Cloud forcing
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2503:Communication
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2483:Vulnerability
2481:
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2453:Flood control
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2260:afforestation
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1710:
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1707:acidification
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1069:(COP) of the
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464:U.S. Senator
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99:← Cancún 2010
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58:
54:
50:
45:
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2681:Carbon cycle
2638:Measurements
2333:Society and
2217:carbon sinks
2122:Climate debt
2112:Carbon price
1934:Human rights
1759:Season creep
1717:heat content
1643:Anoxic event
1556:James Hansen
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910:The Guardian
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89:South Africa
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2708:Carbon sink
2686:atmospheric
2551:video games
2225:Blue carbon
1848:Agriculture
1827:Marine life
1774:Water cycle
1732:temperature
1467:Fossil fuel
1094:Conferences
994:Der Spiegel
934:11 December
807:13 December
716:China Daily
670:. BBC News.
619:11 December
589:11 December
559:11 December
454:Kumi Naidoo
282:Xie Zhenhua
174:Ban Ki-moon
109:Doha 2012 →
81:Location(s)
22:‹ The
2909:Categories
2740:Cryosphere
2701:permafrost
2473:Resilience
2425:Adaptation
2400:Litigation
2390:Governance
2335:adaptation
2117:Carbon tax
2070:Mitigation
2007:Antarctica
1895:Disability
874:5 December
864:Greenpeace
779:. Madison.
723:8 December
648:4 December
585:. BBC News
526:8 December
516:"Calendar"
502:References
466:Jim Inhofe
419:Green fund
356:Greenpeace
351:Greenpeace
272:Statements
178:Jacob Zuma
164:Background
105:Next event
73:2011-12-11
63:2011-11-28
2755:Feedbacks
2526:Education
2027:Caribbean
2022:Australia
1949:Migration
1912:Fisheries
1853:Livestock
1779:Wildfires
1685:Heat wave
913:. London.
431:Responses
31:is being
2881:Glossary
2869:Category
2691:biologic
2405:Politics
2297:Personal
2002:Americas
1865:Children
1631:Physical
1424:Overview
1364:Overview
1309:Category
949:The Hill
695:Archived
644:. London
615:. London
555:. London
475:See also
190:(COP 17)
35:. ›
24:template
2696:oceanic
2546:fiction
2395:Justice
2346:Society
1954:Poverty
1663:Drought
1531:History
1455:Sources
749:14 June
403:at the
200:to the
198:(CMP 7)
192:to the
71: (
61: (
56:Date(s)
2676:Albedo
2669:Theory
2380:Denial
2171:Energy
2032:Europe
2012:Arctic
1997:Africa
1922:Health
1917:Gender
1870:Cities
1795:Biomes
1702:Oceans
1690:Marine
1413:Causes
413:France
293:reduce
262:Mexico
254:Brazil
238:Russia
136:Durban
119:UNFCCC
85:Durban
2893:Index
2655:Proxy
2415:Women
1880:Crime
1807:Birds
1673:Flood
1264:2020s
1203:2010s
1137:2000s
1101:1990s
1086:(CMA)
1079:(CMP)
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409:Paris
376:Maine
335:CGIAR
329:CGIAR
308:India
303:India
277:China
250:China
129:2011
2478:Risk
2017:Asia
1599:2024
1594:2023
1589:2022
1584:2021
1579:2020
1574:2019
936:2011
876:2011
809:2011
751:2012
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650:2011
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