27:
443:
was not a political party and was not reflected in any official statistics, its endorsements had an immense influence on candidate's electability because the votes would be cast not for party lists, but for specific personalities. Such endorsements would be handed out based on personal merits and without regard to political affiliation. Therefore, a number of CPL members was backed by Sąjūdis. Other parties were formed just recently and did not enjoy widespread popularity. Of all parties participating, only CPL (CPSU) did not support
Lithuanian independence.
1588:
953:
and would gain greater powers within the union. Specifically, Lithuanians feared that
Gorbachev would pass a law on secession that would make it virtually impossible to break away from the Soviet Union. At the time of its first gathering on 10 March, the final results of the run-off election were not
409:
made a personal visit to
Lithuania to heal the rift in January 1990. However, such measures changed little and CPL (independent) kept slowly pushing for independence. This political divorce was not approved by hardline communists. They established a separate CPL, which was still part of the CPSU, and
1003:
Different sources often provide different breakdown between Sąjūdis, nonpartisan, and CPL (independent) delegates as the division was not clear-cut: Sąjūdis did not have formal membership while CPL kept losing its members. CPL (independent), despite internal reforms and push for independence, fared
442:
The main competition was between Sąjūdis and CPL (independent). While both camps agreed on the eventual goal of independent
Lithuania, Sąjūdis advocated acting quickly without fearing Moscow's reaction and CPL campaigned for a step-by-step approach to avoid conflict with Moscow. Even though Sąjūdis
1004:
rather poorly. Observers note that the communists ran a passive campaign and lacked personalities that could compete with prominent intellectuals of Sąjūdis. Also, the campaign was framed as a referendum for
Lithuania's independence – all those in support were morally obligated to vote for Sąjūdis.
944:
Immediately after the first round, elected delegates gathered for semi-formal discussions and consultations. Some of the critical decisions were made during these "tea talks" between the first and second rounds of the election. The
Supreme Soviet was to convene as soon as possible (two weeks after
616:
A total of 90 delegates were elected in the first round. In 51 constituencies, the run-off elections were held in early March. Originally scheduled for 10 March, the run-off was pushed forward whenever possible so that the
Supreme Soviet could meet as soon as possible. Due to low voter turnout
284:
movement refused to become a political party and endorsed non-partisan candidates or candidates of various other political parties based on their personal merits. These endorsements often meant more than the official party affiliations, and Sąjūdis-backed candidates won 91 seats, an outright
620:
Of the 135 members elected, 91 had been endorsed by Sąjūdis, including 58 of the 64 independents, 17 of the independent
Communists, all elected members of the Social Democrats, Greens and Christian Democrats, and one of the three Democratic Party members.
362:. CPL, shaken by the defeat, was losing authority and membership. To save the party, its leader Brazauskas moved closer to the pro-independence movements. By the summer of 1989, the party supported calls for "sovereignty" and cooperated with Sąjūdis.
986:
as the
Constitution of 1938 was suspended minutes later and replaced by the Provisional Fundamental Law, based on the Constitution of Lithuanian SSR proposals of 1989. Thus Lithuania officially declared its independence from the Soviet Union.
957:
During the first session, the delegates elected a commission to verify the election results. As verification was a time-consuming process, the
Supreme Soviet adjourned until 9 am next morning. On 11 March, the Supreme Soviet elected
446:
A total of 522 candidates registered for the election, but 50 dropped out before the election day. Of the remaining 472 candidates, 201 were proposed by the CPL (independent), 139 were nonpartisans, and 79 were listed by CPL (CPSU).
374:
was proposed on 24 February 1990, what will be done on 23 November 1989. Initially, appointment (not electing) over one third of all deputies was proposed, but, due to public pressure, this proposal was not put in Election Act.
365:
On 29 September 1989, the Supreme Soviet of the Lithuanian SSR Deputies' Election Act was passed. It reduced future Supreme Soviet by 60 per cent (from 350 to 141 members) and eliminated deputies from local government
302:
1161:
1147:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1184:
41:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
209:
379:
1162:"XI-2960 Dėl Lietuvos TSR Aukščiausiosios Tarybos deputatų ir vietinių liaudies deputatų tarybų deputatų rinkimų įstatymų projektų rengimo ir rinkimų datos į šias tarybas nustatymo"
979:
738:
144:
434:. Second round has been used or repeated if no candidate reach 50 per cent of all votes given or less than 50 per cent of all registered voters, who voted in constituency.
354:(CPL) (some of these candidates were CPL members themselves). The communists won only 6 seats; two of them were uncontested, as Sąjūdis withdrew its candidates in favor of
921:
402:
310:
320:, which intended to make Soviet institutions more democratic. It proposed candidacy of more than one person to single seat in soviets of various levels in the elections.
67:
1554:
2021:
975:
939:
286:
1982:
946:
339:
2026:
2087:
2072:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1576:
925:
265:. In six constituencies, voter turnout was below the required minimum and a third round was held on 17 and 21 April. For the first time since
2082:
2077:
2057:
2031:
1957:
1623:
1618:
967:
1403:
804:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1977:
1962:
1085:
1122:
390:
in political life (including elections), was amended as well. These decisions meant that Lithuania eliminated legal obstacles for a
1992:
1987:
1967:
386:, which established communist party monopoly in political life. At the same day, Article 7, which established participation of the
305:
was elected on 24 February 1985. It acted as rubber stamp legislature up until the summer of 1988. By the summer of that same year
1584:
2067:
1947:
1043:
1031:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
335:
274:
266:
53:
119:
1952:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1613:
1494:
1445:
983:
782:
479:
174:
945:
the election) and declare independence without delay. The Lithuanians were afraid that during the scheduled assembly of the
689:
667:
474:
383:
371:
262:
114:
99:
26:
1891:
715:
398:
350:, the turnout reached 82.5%. The results were a sweeping victory to Sąjūdis: 36 out of its 39 candidates won against the
1569:
617:(primarily in areas where Polish and Russian minorities concentrated), elections in six constituencies were invalid.
2062:
1517:
1471:
1437:
317:
149:
378:
On 7 December 1989 the Supreme Soviet of the Lithuanian SSR, then almost fully controlled by CPL, amended the
1562:
978:(124 votes in favor, 6 abstentions, none opposed). It also abolished Soviet constitutions and re-adopted the
950:
401:(CPSU) by a vote of 855 to 160. For such insubordination, Brazauskas was scolded in a special session of the
273:, non-communist candidates were allowed to run. The elections were the first free nationwide elections since
711:
494:
469:
419:
351:
227:
129:
1803:
1429:
1421:
760:
484:
215:
159:
2052:
1972:
971:
347:
1939:
1596:
1136:
ELTA. Lietuvos TSR Aukščiausiosios Tarybos sesija / Šiaulių naujienos, Nr. 195 (106706), 1989, p. 1
261:
on 24 February with run-off elections on 4, 7, 8 and 10 March 1990 to elect the 141 members of the
579:
548:
517:
164:
1148:"Xi-3408 Dėl Dvyliktojo Šaukimo Lietuvos TSR Aukščiausiosios Tarybos Deputatų Rinkimų Paskyrimo"
1123:"XI-3249 Dėl Lietuvos Tarybų Socialistinės Respublikos Aukščiausiosios Tarybos deputatų rinkimų"
411:
134:
1605:
1592:
489:
236:
189:
982:, the last constitution before the Soviet occupation. It was a symbolic move to emphasize the
232:
1463:
415:
359:
1185:"Xi-3453 Dėl Lietuvos TSR Konstitucijos (Pagrindinio Įstatymo) 6 Ir 7 Straipsnių Pakeitimo"
959:
223:
1481:
Truska, Liudas (2009). "Lietuvos Respublikos Aukščiausioji Taryba – Atkuriamasis Seimas".
8:
1901:
1039:
963:
387:
355:
104:
391:
270:
179:
1036:
Project on Political Transformation and the Electoral Process in Post-Communist Europe
410:
claimed to be the legal successor of the "real" CPL. This pro-Moscow group was led by
328:
323:
On 15 January 1989, first free elections took place for two vacant deputies' seats in
1513:
1506:
1490:
1467:
1455:
1441:
1135:
406:
313:
285:
majority. During its third session on 11 March 1990, the Supreme Soviet adopted the
431:
370:
and various organisations in the process. At the same day, election day to the new
367:
1086:"Prisiminimų vakaras – su prisipažinimu apie sprogdinimus | Šiaulių kraštas"
966:, leader of CPL, (38 votes). On the same day the Soviet changed its name to the
430:
Members of the Supreme Soviet were elected from single-member constituencies by
258:
397:
During its 20th congress on 19–20 December, the CPL separated itself from the
394:
and allowed other parties to compete in the upcoming parliamentary elections.
2046:
1486:
1433:
343:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1369:
1278:
464:
306:
290:
281:
241:
324:
414:
and included disproportionately large numbers of representatives from
327:. One of them has been won by Sąjūdis supported independent candidate
1587:
309:
was founded and gained support Lithuanian SSR-wide. Along side this,
277:, and only the fifth free elections in all of Lithuanian history.
203:
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
1512:. Westview Series on the Post-Soviet Republics. Westview Press.
1420:
346:
celebrations and boycott by dissident organizations such as the
1658:
1373:
1282:
311:
General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
1536:
Transcripts of the first assemblies of the Supreme Soviet:
1404:"Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucijos koncepcijos metmenys"
1503:
962:, leader of Sąjūdis, as its chairman (91 votes) against
1426:
Sąjūdis: nuo "persitvarkymo" iki kovo 11-osios. Part I
949:
on 12 March 1990, Gorbachev would be appointed as the
1029:
976:
Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania
940:
Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania
287:
Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania
1505:
1504:Vardys, Vytas Stanley; Judith B. Sedaitis (1997).
628:
2044:
2022:Elections in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1030:Popescu, Marina; Martin Hannavy (2002-12-12).
289:, declaring Lithuania's independence from the
1570:
303:Eleventh Supreme Soviet of the Lithuanian SSR
968:Supreme Council of the Republic of Lithuania
1577:
1563:
668:Communist Party of Lithuania (independent)
1483:Lietuvos Seimo istorija XX–XXI a. pradžia
1364:
1362:
1273:
1271:
1269:
2088:February 1990 events in the Soviet Union
1025:
1023:
1021:
1259:
1257:
1247:
1245:
1196:
1194:
1032:"1990 Parliamentary Elections - Soviet"
19:1990 Lithuanian Supreme Soviet election
2045:
1480:
1359:
1266:
1235:
1233:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1071:
1069:
984:legal continuity of the interwar state
2073:March 1990 events in the Soviet Union
1558:
1018:
898:
877:
783:Lithuanian Christian Democratic Party
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
637:
634:
631:
2083:Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic
2078:Parliamentary elections in Lithuania
2058:1990 Soviet Union regional elections
1454:
1254:
1242:
1191:
372:Supreme Soviet of the Lithuanian SSR
210:Chairman of the Council of Ministers
1230:
1092:
1066:
425:
399:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
13:
1302:Laurinavičius (2008), pp. 507, 509
690:Lithuanian Social-Democratic Party
522:29 December 1989 – 3 January 1990
380:Constitution of the Lithuanian SSR
14:
2099:
1527:
1338:Laurinavičius (2008), pp. 519–520
1586:
1460:Gorbachev's Failure in Lithuania
1432:(in Lithuanian). Vol. XII.
1414:
450:
25:
1438:Lithuanian Institute of History
1396:
1387:
1350:
1341:
1332:
1323:
1314:
1305:
1296:
1221:
1212:
1203:
1177:
1168:
1154:
997:
980:Lithuanian Constitution of 1938
586:
555:
527:
338:took place for 42 seats in the
2068:February 1990 events in Europe
1424:; Vladas Sirutavičius (2008).
1140:
1129:
1115:
1106:
1078:
1057:
584:29 September – 5 October 1989
553:25 November – 1 December 1989
71:71 seats needed for a majority
49:4–10 March 1990 (second round)
47:24 February 1990 (first round)
1:
1209:Senn (1995), pp. 78–80, 83–84
1011:
951:President of the Soviet Union
947:Congress of People's Deputies
340:Congress of People's Deputies
296:
1329:Laurinavičius (2008), p. 516
1320:Laurinavičius (2008), p. 514
1311:Laurinavičius (2008), p. 507
1251:Laurinavičius (2008), p. 515
933:
712:Communist Party of Lithuania
352:Communist Party of Lithuania
7:
1508:Lithuania: The Rebel Nation
761:Lithuanian Democratic Party
437:
10:
2104:
937:
611:
2016:
1938:
1900:
1802:
1657:
1604:
919:
899:Registered voters/turnout
873:
863:
858:
855:
848:
846:
843:
833:
828:
813:
808:
791:
786:
769:
764:
747:
742:
725:
720:
698:
693:
676:
671:
460:
457:
348:Lithuanian Liberty League
214:
208:
188:
173:
158:
143:
128:
113:
98:
83:
75:
64:
35:
23:
2063:1990 elections in Europe
990:
316:announced the slogan of
255:Supreme Soviet elections
1548:3rd session on March 11
1544:2nd session on March 11
1540:1st session on March 10
1422:Laurinavičius, Česlovas
120:Kazimieras Antanavičius
805:Young Communist League
739:Lithuanian Green Party
1356:Vardys (1997), p. 156
1263:Vardys (1997), p. 154
1200:Vardys (1997), p. 152
1112:Vardys (1997), p. 151
1103:Vardys (1997), p. 144
1075:Vardys (1997), p. 153
1063:Truska (2009), p. 261
972:interwar coat of arms
461:Last date of polling
360:Vladimiras Beriozovas
280:The pro-independence
66:All 141 seats in the
960:Vytautas Landsbergis
412:Mykolas Burokevičius
224:Vytautas Sakalauskas
135:Mykolas Burokevičius
1406:. 26 February 2017.
1370:"Trečiasis posėdis"
1040:University of Essex
964:Algirdas Brazauskas
922:University of Essex
625:
388:Lithuanian Komsomol
356:Algirdas Brazauskas
233:Kazimira Prunskienė
105:Algirdas Brazauskas
20:
1464:St. Martin's Press
1456:Senn, Alfred Erich
1393:Senn (1995), p. 95
1347:Senn (1995), p. 91
1279:"Pirmasis posėdis"
1239:Senn (1995), p. 90
1227:Senn (1995), p. 89
1218:Senn (1995), p. 77
1174:Senn (1995), p. 76
624:
392:multi-party system
334:On 26 March 1989,
180:Algirdas Saudargas
165:Saulius Pečeliūnas
18:
2053:1990 in Lithuania
2040:
2039:
2027:Central Lithuania
1496:978-9955-23-322-0
1485:(in Lithuanian).
1447:978-9955-23-164-6
1430:Lietuvos istorija
1372:(in Lithuanian).
1281:(in Lithuanian).
974:, and passed the
931:
930:
609:
608:
420:Polish minorities
407:Mikhail Gorbachev
403:Central Committee
314:Mikhail Gorbachev
257:were held in the
252:
251:
248:
247:
201:
200:
100:LKP (independent)
60:
59:
2095:
1591:
1590:
1579:
1572:
1565:
1556:
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1523:
1511:
1500:
1477:
1451:
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1381:
1366:
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1312:
1309:
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1252:
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1133:
1127:
1126:
1119:
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1101:
1090:
1089:
1082:
1076:
1073:
1064:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1051:
1042:. Archived from
1027:
1005:
1001:
626:
623:
455:
454:
432:two-round system
426:Electoral system
318:Demokratizatsiya
206:
205:
150:Rūta Gajauskaitė
85:
84:
37:
36:
30:
29:
21:
17:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2097:
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2092:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2032:Klaipėda Region
2012:
1934:
1896:
1798:
1653:
1600:
1585:
1583:
1534:(in Lithuanian)
1533:
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1497:
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1120:
1116:
1111:
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1067:
1062:
1058:
1049:
1047:
1028:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1008:
1002:
998:
993:
954:yet available.
942:
936:
639:
614:
453:
440:
428:
329:Zigmas Vaišvila
307:Reform Movement
299:
271:People's Seimas
239:
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70:
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2091:
2090:
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2029:
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1528:External links
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1046:on 9 July 2009
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342:. Despite the
298:
295:
267:1940 elections
263:Supreme Soviet
259:Lithuanian SSR
250:
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230:
220:
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216:Prime Minister
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68:Supreme Soviet
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51:
44:
33:
32:
9:
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4:
3:
2:
2100:
2089:
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1659:Parliamentary
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1519:0-8133-1839-4
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1488:
1487:Baltos lankos
1484:
1479:
1475:
1473:0-312-12457-0
1469:
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1461:
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1449:
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1434:Baltos lankos
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1415:Cited sources
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1033:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1017:
1000:
996:
988:
985:
981:
977:
973:
970:, re-adopted
969:
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909:
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491:
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458:Polling Firm
456:
451:Opinion polls
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444:
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423:
421:
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404:
400:
395:
393:
389:
385:
381:
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369:
363:
361:
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353:
349:
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344:Easter Sunday
341:
337:
332:
330:
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321:
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315:
312:
308:
304:
294:
292:
288:
283:
278:
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264:
260:
256:
243:
240:(endorsed by
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196:
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108:
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103:
101:
97:
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90:
87:
86:
82:
78:
74:
69:
63:
56: →
55:
52:
50:
45:
43:
40:←
39:
38:
34:
28:
22:
16:
1792:
1746:
1606:Presidential
1599:in Lithuania
1507:
1482:
1459:
1425:
1398:
1389:
1378:. Retrieved
1376:. 1990-03-11
1352:
1343:
1334:
1325:
1316:
1307:
1298:
1287:. Retrieved
1285:. 1990-03-10
1223:
1214:
1205:
1179:
1170:
1156:
1142:
1131:
1117:
1108:
1080:
1059:
1048:. Retrieved
1044:the original
1035:
999:
956:
943:
826:Independents
635:Second round
619:
615:
445:
441:
429:
405:of CPSU and
396:
382:eliminating
377:
364:
333:
322:
300:
291:Soviet Union
279:
254:
253:
190:Independents
46:
15:
1940:Referendums
1597:referendums
878:Total votes
632:First round
237:Independent
2047:Categories
2020:See also:
1978:1996 (Nov)
1973:1996 (Oct)
1963:1992 (Oct)
1958:1992 (Jun)
1953:1992 (May)
1380:2010-01-31
1289:2010-01-31
1050:2010-01-31
1012:References
495:LKP (TSKP)
297:Background
1804:Municipal
1593:Elections
934:Aftermath
902:2,581,359
881:1,851,343
384:Article 6
336:elections
1902:European
1458:(1995).
920:Source:
438:Campaign
325:Šiauliai
1624:2002–03
1619:1997–98
612:Results
465:Sąjūdis
416:Russian
368:soviets
282:Sąjūdis
269:to the
242:Sąjūdis
91:Leader
76:Turnout
1516:
1493:
1470:
1444:
1374:Seimas
1283:Seimas
844:Vacant
212:before
94:Seats
79:71.72%
991:Notes
905:71.72
856:Total
660:Seats
654:Votes
651:Seats
645:Votes
640:seats
638:Total
629:Party
590:19.6
587:49.7
559:17.3
556:46.9
528:39.9
525:27.7
218:after
88:Party
2008:2024
2003:2019
1998:2014
1993:2012
1988:2008
1983:2003
1968:1994
1948:1991
1930:2024
1925:2019
1920:2014
1915:2009
1910:2004
1892:2023
1887:2019
1882:2015
1877:2011
1872:2007
1867:2002
1862:2000
1857:1997
1852:1995
1847:1990
1842:1940
1837:1934
1832:1931
1827:1929
1822:1924
1817:1919
1812:1918
1793:2024
1787:2020
1782:2016
1777:2012
1772:2008
1767:2004
1762:2000
1757:1996
1752:1992
1747:1990
1742:1985
1737:1980
1732:1975
1727:1971
1722:1967
1717:1963
1712:1959
1707:1955
1702:1951
1697:1947
1692:1940
1687:1936
1682:1926
1677:1923
1672:1922
1667:1920
1649:2024
1644:2019
1639:2014
1634:2009
1629:2004
1614:1993
1595:and
1514:ISBN
1491:ISBN
1468:ISBN
1442:ISBN
926:CSCE
716:CPSU
602:7.2
599:5.1
596:8.2
593:3.1
580:VNTC
571:6.5
568:5.4
565:9.7
562:3.2
549:VNTC
543:8.2
540:3.6
537:4.3
534:6.4
531:3.1
518:VNTC
480:LKDP
475:LSDP
418:and
358:and
301:The
275:1926
175:LKDP
115:LSDP
54:1992
42:1985
869:141
490:LŽP
485:LDP
470:LKP
228:LKP
197:64
160:LDP
145:LŽP
130:LKP
109:46
2049::
1546:,
1542:,
1489:.
1466:.
1462:.
1440:.
1436:,
1428:.
1361:^
1268:^
1256:^
1244:^
1232:^
1193:^
1094:^
1068:^
1038:.
1034:.
1020:^
924:,
866:45
861:90
839:64
836:16
831:48
682:46
679:24
674:22
605:-
574:-
422:.
331:.
293:.
194:–
184:2
169:3
154:4
139:7
124:9
1578:e
1571:t
1564:v
1522:.
1499:.
1476:.
1450:.
1383:.
1292:.
1187:.
1164:.
1150:.
1125:.
1088:.
1053:.
884:–
851:6
819:0
816:0
811:0
797:2
794:0
789:2
775:3
772:3
767:0
753:4
750:2
745:2
731:7
728:0
723:7
718:)
714:(
704:9
701:0
696:9
657:%
648:%
244:)
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