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years after the crime was committed. The second convict in the case, Naresh
Sehrawat was awarded life imprisonment. The Court considered the failing health of 68-year-old Sehrawat while giving him a lighter sentence. The conviction followed a complaint by the deceased Hardev Singh's elder brother Santokh Singh. Though an FIR was filed on the same day of the crime nothing came of the case as a Congress leader, JP Singh, who led the mob was acquitted in the case. A fresh FIR was filed on 29 April 1993, following recommendations of the Ranganath Commission of inquiry. The police closed the matter as untraced despite witness testimonies of the deceased's four brothers who were witness to the crime. The case was reopened by the Special Investigation Team constituted by the BJP-led NDA government on 12 February 2015. The SIT completed the investigation in record time. The first conviction resulting from the formation of the SIT came on 15 November 2018, by the conviction of Naresh Sehrawat and Yashpal Singh.
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used to facilitate the massacres, including using government buses to transport mobs to Sikh localities. Over the years, at least ten different commissions and committees were appointed by the Indian government to investigate the violence. These commissions faced criticism for a lack of transparency and effectiveness. The Misra
Commission, for instance, was criticized for its in-camera proceedings and failure to allow victims' lawyers to attend or examine witnesses. Other commissions, such as the Kapoor-Mittal and Jain-Banerjee committees, recommended actions against police officers and politicians, but these recommendations were often not fully acted upon.
806:) was still vague even while the complex was fortified under the influence of former Sikh army officials alienated by government actions who now advised Bhindranwale, Major General Shabeg Singh and retired Major General and Brigadier Mohinder Singh, and at that point the concept was still not directly connected with the movement he headed. In other parts of Punjab, a "state of chaos and repressive police methods" combined to create "a mood of overwhelming anger and resentment in the Sikh masses against the authorities," making Bhindranwale even more popular, and demands of independence gain currency, even amongst moderates and Sikh intellectuals.
889:. This period saw the emergence of religio-nationalist movements as a response to British administrative policies and socio-political changes. The concept of a Sikh homeland, Khalistan, emerged in the 1930s as the British Empire began to dissolve. This idea gained momentum in response to the Muslim League's demand for a Muslim state, with the Sikhs viewing it as an encroachment on historically Sikh territory. The Akali Dal, a Sikh political party, envisioned Khalistan as a theocratic state, comprising parts of what is today Punjab in both India and Pakistan.
1100:. The lists were used to find Sikh homes and business, an otherwise-impossible task because they were in unmarked, diverse neighbourhoods. During the night of 31 October, before the massacres began, assailants used the lists to mark Sikh houses with an "S". Because most mob members were illiterate, Congress Party officials provided help reading the lists and leading the mobs to Sikh homes and businesses in other neighbourhoods. With the lists, the mobs could pinpoint the location of Sikhs they otherwise would have missed.
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938:. It is a known fact that many jails, sub-jails and lock-ups were opened for three days and prisoners, for the most part hardened criminals, were provided fullest provisions, means and instruction to "teach the Sikhs a lesson". But it will be wrong to say that Delhi Police did nothing, for it took full and keen action against Sikhs who tried to defend themselves. The Sikhs who opened fire to save their lives and property had to spend months dragging heels in courts after-wards.
1870:, was appointed in 1985 to recommend measures for the rehabilitation of victims. The committee submitted its report by the end of the year. One major recommendation was that businesses with insurance coverage whose claims were denied should receive compensation as directed by the government. Although the committee recommended ordering the (nationalised) insurance companies to pay the claims, the government did not accept its recommendation and the claims were not paid.
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1918:, retired Judge of the Supreme Court of India. The commission submitted its report in February 2004. The commission reported that recorded accounts from victims and witnesses "indicate that local Congress leaders and workers had either incited or helped the mobs in attacking the Sikhs". Its report also found evidence against Jagdish Tytler "to the effect that very probably he had a hand in organising attacks on Sikhs". It also said that
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alive, raped, and dismembered. One Hindu woman describes her family sheltering over 70 Sikhs from murderous mobs who were targeting Sikh homes marked with an "S."Ensaaf's 2006 report "Twenty years of impunity" contains dozens of eyewitness statements accusing police and government officials of enabling and even participating in the violence. Personal stories help convey the true horrors endured by the Sikh community.
822:, from 1 January to 3 June 1984, 298 people were killed in violent incidents across Punjab. In the five days preceding the operation, 48 people were killed by violence. According to government estimates, the number of civilians, police, and militants killed was 27 in 1981, 22 in 1982, and 99 in 1983. By June 1984, the total number of deaths was 410 in violent incidents and riots while 1,180 people were injured.
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1633:, and another three to more than 10 years' imprisonment. Six Delhi police officers were sanctioned for negligence during the riots. In April 2013, the Supreme Court of India dismissed the appeal of three people who had challenged their life sentences. That month, the Karkardooma district court in Delhi convicted five people – Balwan Khokkar (former councillor), Mahender Yadav (former
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wary of creating another state based on religious grounds. By the late 1970s and 1980s, the
Khalistan movement began to militarize, marked by a shift in Sikh nationalism and the rise of armed militancy. This period, especially leading up to and following Operation Blue Star in 1984, saw increased Sikh militancy as a response to perceived injustices and political marginalization.
2146:. Co-authored by Sacramento-area assembly members Jim Cooper, Kevin McCarty, Jim Gallagher and Ken Cooley, the resolution criticized the Government for participating in and failing to prevent the killings. The assembly called the killings a "genocide", as it "resulted in the intentional destruction of many Sikh families, communities, homes and businesses."
1317:. In two narrow alleys of the colony, hundreds of Sikhs were "butchered" throughout the day. The killings continued for multiple days. According to an eyewitness, Sikhs were able to fend off some of the mobs. Police forces then came and stripped Sikhs of their weapons, and blocked all exit points. This left the Sikhs defenceless and vulnerable to the mobs.
2017:(lie-detector) test was ordered by the court to be conducted on witness Verma and also on Tytler after obtaining their consent. Verma consented, Tytler declined to be tested. Thereafter, Verma started to receive threat calls and letters in which he was threatened to be blownup and his family also would be blown up if he testifies against Tytler. The
802:, creating state repression affecting a very large segment of Punjab's population, retaliatory violence came from a section of the Sikh population, widening the scope of the conflict by the use of violence of the state on its own people, creating fresh motives for Sikh youth to turn to insurgency. The concept of a separate Sikh state (the
1974:, who was in charge of the CBI. Pachouri, who was present, refused to make a statement. Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrate of the Delhi Court Sanjeev Jain, who had dismissed the case against Tytler after the CBI submitted a misleading report, ordered the CBI to reopen cases against Tytler related to the riots on 18 December 2007.
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1951:'s assassination. The bureau submitted a report to the Delhi court that no evidence or witness was found to corroborate allegations that Tytler led murderous mobs during 1984. It was alleged in court that Tytler – then an MP – complained to his supporters about the relatively-"small" number of Sikhs killed in his constituency (
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drag him into the neighbour's house and announce that he was dead. A group of 18 assailants later came looking for his body; when his neighbour said that his body had been taken away, an assailant showed him a list and said: "Look, Amar Singh's name has not been struck off from the list, so his body has not been taken away."
2056:, who ruled that the court lacked jurisdiction in the case. The 22-page order granted Nath's motion to dismiss the claim, with Sweet noting that Sikhs for Justice failed to "serve the summons and its complaints to Nath in an appropriate and desired manner". On 3 September 2013, a federal court in New York issued a
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Two days later, over 500 protesters from Sikh organisations throughout India gathered outside the court which was scheduled to hear the CBI's plea to close the case against Tytler. Later in the day, Tytler announced that he was withdrawing from the Lok Sabha elections to avoid embarrassing his party.
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Despite numerous credible eye-witness accounts that identified many of those involved in the violence, including police and politicians, in the months following the killings, the government sought no prosecutions or indictments of any persons, including officials, accused in any case of murder, rape
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The attacks on members of the Sikh
Community in Delhi and its suburbs during the period, far from being a spontaneous expression of "madness" and of popular "grief and anger" at Mrs. Gandhi's assassination as made out to be by the authorities, were the outcome of a well organised plan marked by acts
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Organizations like ENSAAF, a Sikh rights group, have documented the involvement of senior political leaders, notably from the
Congress Party, in orchestrating the violence. These organizations have provided detailed accounts of how the violence was not spontaneous but organized, with state machinery
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Sikh men not at home were easily identified by their turbans and beards, and Sikh women were identified by their dress. In some cases, the mobs returned to locations where they knew Sikhs were hiding because of the lists. Amar Singh escaped the initial attack on his house by having a Hindu neighbour
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The attack on Sikhs and their property in our locality appeared to be an extremely organized affair ... There were also some young men on motorcycles, who were instructing the mobs and supplying them with kerosene oil from time to time. On more than a few occasions we saw auto-rickshaw arriving with
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was observed holding rallies in the Delhi neighbourhoods of Palam Colony (from 06:30 to 07:00), Kiran
Gardens (08:00 to 08:30), and Sultanpuri (about 08:30 to 09:00). In Kiran Gardens at 8:00 am, Kumar was observed distributing iron rods from a parked truck to a group of 120 people and ordering
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It recommended no criminal prosecution of any individual, and it cleared all high-level officials of directing the pogroms. In its findings, the commission did acknowledge that many of the victims testifying before it had received threats from local police. While the commission noted that there had
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In
Trilokpuri colony: A father and his two sons were beaten and burned alive by a gang. The gang entered their home where a woman and her youngest son were found. She was stripped and raped by boys in front of her son. The woman tried to flee with her son after the rape, but the son was caught by a
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The response within India was marked by a call for justice from various quarters, including victims and activists. The Indian government's formation of
Special Investigation Teams (SITs) and the extension of their mandates were seen as efforts to address the issue, though some viewed these measures
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Post-independence, the Akali Dal led the
Punjabi Suba movement, advocating for the creation of a Punjabi-majority state within India. The movement's demands ranged from autonomous statehood within India to a fully sovereign state (Khalistan). Initially, the Indian government resisted these demands,
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In
December 2008 a two-member CBI team went to New York to record statements from Jasbir Singh and Surinder Singh, two eyewitnesses. The witnesses said that they saw Tytler lead a mob during the riot, but did not want to return to India because they feared for their safety. They blamed the CBI for
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The Kapur Mittal Committee was appointed in February 1987 at the recommendation of the Misra Commission to enquire into the role of the police; the Marwah Commission had almost completed a police inquiry in 1985 when the government asked that committee not to continue. This committee consisted of
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in the 1984 anti-Sikh riots case death sentence was awarded to Yashpal Singh convicted for murdering two persons, 24-year-old Hardev Singh and 26-year-old Avtar Singh, in Mahipal Pur area of Delhi on 1 November 1984. Additional Sessions Judge Ajay Pandey pronounced the Judgement on 20 November 34
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areas of Delhi were the worst affected. Perpetrators carried iron rods, knives, clubs, and combustible material (including kerosene and petrol). They entered Sikh neighbourhoods, killing Sikhs indiscriminately and destroying shops and houses. Armed mobs stopped buses and trains in and near Delhi,
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The grief, trauma, and survival of Sikh victims and witnesses is an important human perspective missing in much factual coverage of the riots. In interviews with Manoj Mitta and H.S. Phoolka for their book "When a Tree Shook Delhi," survivors recount harrowing tales of watching loved ones burned
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on 31 October 1984 by two of her Sikh bodyguards, anti-Sikh riots erupted the following day. They continued in some areas for several days, killing more than 3,000 Sikhs in New Delhi and an estimated 8,000 – 20,000 Sikhs in total were killed across 40 cities in India. At least 50,000 Sikhs were
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president Brahmanand Gupta distributed oil while Sajjan Kumar "instructed the crowd to kill Sikhs, and to loot and burn their properties" (as he had done at other meetings throughout New Delhi). Similar meetings were held at locations such as Cooperative Colony in Bokaro, where local Congress
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arrived at the hospital and the mob stoned his car. The mob began assaulting Sikhs, stopping cars and buses to pull Sikhs out and burn them. The violence on 31 October, restricted to the area around the AIIMS, resulted in many Sikh deaths. Residents of other parts of Delhi reported that their
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Though we boast of being the world's largest democracy and the Delhi being its national capital, the sheer mention of the incidents of 1984 anti-Sikh riots in general and the role played by Delhi Police and state machinery in particular makes our heads hang in shame in the eyes of the world
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In its report, the Misra Commission stated that many cases (particularly those involving political leaders or police officers) had not been registered. Although the Jain Banerjee Committee recommended the registration of cases against Sajjan Kumar in August 1987, no case was registered.
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The violence was allegedly led (and often perpetrated) by Indian National Congress activists and sympathizers. The Congress-led government was widely criticised for doing little at the time and possibly conspiring in the riots, since voter lists were used to identify Sikh families.
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told journalist Ivan Fera that an arson investigation of several businesses burned in the riots had found an unnamed combustible chemical "whose provision required large-scale coordination". Eyewitness reports confirmed the use of a combustible chemical in addition to kerosene. The
1849:, and a review of the work-load of the three special courts set up to deal with the riot cases. The appointment of special prosecutors to deal the cases was also discussed. The committee was wound up in August 1993, but the cases it recommended were not registered by the police.
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On 10 April 2013, the Delhi court ordered the CBI to reopen the 1984 case against Tytler. The court ordered the bureau to investigate the killing of three people in the riot case, of which Tytler had been cleared. In 2015, Delhi Court directed the CBI to include Billionaire
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The Narasimha Rao Government further delayed the case. The committee submitted its report in January 1994, recommending the registration of cases against H. K. L. Bhagat and Sajjan Kumar. Despite the central-government delay, the CBI filed the charge sheet in December 1994.
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reported that the riots led to only minor arrests, with no major politicians or police officers convicted. The magazine quoted Ensaaf, an Indian human-rights organisation, as saying that the government attempted to destroy evidence of its involvement by refusing to record
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complex. On 6 June Bhindranwale died in the operation. Casualty figures for the Army were 83 dead and 249 injured. According to the official estimate presented by the Indian government, 1592 were apprehended and there were 493 combined militant and civilian casualties.
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Such wide-scale violence cannot take place without police help. Delhi Police, whose paramount duty was to upkeep law and order situation and protect innocent lives, gave full help to rioters who were in fact working under able guidance of sycophant leaders like
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Whoever kills the sons of the snakes, I will reward them. Whoever kills Roshan Singh and Bagh Singh will get 5,000 rupees each and 1,000 rupees each for killing any other Sikhs. You can collect these prizes on 3 November from my personal assistant Jai Chand
2101:(SIT) of its own to probe 186 cases related to 1984 anti-Sikh riots that were not further investigated by Union Government formed SIT. This SIT would consists of a former High court judge, a former IPS officer whose rank is not less than or equivalent to
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In November 1987, press reports criticised the government for not registering cases despite the committee's recommendation. The following month, Brahmanand Gupta (accused with Sajjan Kumar) filed a writ petition in the Delhi High Court and obtained a
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Khurana took up the matter with the central government, which in the middle of 1994, the Central Government decided that the matter did not fall within its purview and sent the case to the lieutenant governor of Delhi. It took two years for the
1365:, in the morning large crowds armed with weapons raised anti-Sikh chants and attacked the homes of Sikh. They broke into the eyewitnesses home and dragged out her parents and three brothers. They were each "butchered" as she watched helplessly.
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The Ahuja Committee was the third committee recommended by the Misra Commission to determine the total number of deaths in Delhi. According to the committee, which submitted its report in August 1987, 2,733 Sikhs were killed in the riots.
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A curfew is announced in Delhi, but is not enforced. Although the army is deployed throughout the city, the police did not co-operate with soldiers (who are forbidden to fire without the consent of senior police officers and executive
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was asked to send the army to stop the violence. Rao responded with saying that he would look into it. It also recommended that Sajjan Kumar's involvement in the rioting required a closer look. The commission's report also cleared
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been "widespread lapses" on the part of the police, it concluded that "the allegations before the commission about the conduct of the police are more of indifference and negligence during the riots than of any wrongful overt act."
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team went to Kumar's home to file the charges, his supporters held and threatened them if they persisted in pursuing Kumar. When the committee's term expired in September 1990, Potti and Rosha decided to end their inquiry.
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The riots catalyzed lasting political and social changes among India's Sikhs. With the government failing to protect them, many Sikhs felt betrayed and marginalized, providing momentum to the Khalistan separatist movement.
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By late evening, army and local police units work together to subdue the violence. After law-enforcement intervention, violence is comparatively mild and sporadic. In Delhi, the bodies of riot victims are brought to the
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By 1983, the situation in Punjab was volatile. In October, Sikh militants stopped a bus and shot six Hindu passengers. On the same day, another group killed two officials on a train. The Congress-led central government
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as a successor to the Jain Banerjee Committee. In August 1990, the committee issued recommendations for filing cases based on affidavits submitted by victims of the violence; there was one against Sajjan Kumar. When a
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to demand more autonomy to Punjab. It demanded that power be generally devolved from the Central to state governments. The Congress government considered the resolution a secessionist document and rejected it.
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In February 2018, American state of Connecticut, passed a bill stating, 30 November of each year to be "Sikh Genocide" Remembrance Day to remember the lives lost on 30 November 1984, during the Sikh Genocide.
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2129:" on 15 July 2010, replacing the term "anti-Sikh riots" widely used by the Indian government, the media, and writers. This decision came soon after a similar motion was raised in the Canadian Parliament.
1752:. It submitted its report in 1990, and 72 police officers were cited for conspiracy or gross negligence. Although the committee recommended the dismissal of 30 of the 72 officers, none have been punished.
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pulling off Sikh passengers for lynching; some were burnt alive. Others were dragged from their homes and hacked to death, and Sikh women were reportedly gang-raped and Sikhs also had acid thrown on them.
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on 9 February 2005; the report was tabled in Parliament on 8 August of that year. The commissions below are listed in chronological order. Many of the accused were acquitted or never formally charged.
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which created a panic in the city. As the armed mob rampaged through the town and set fire to Sikh homes in the city, one group of Sikhs escaped to the outskirts while another found shelter in a local
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and another a constable, both of whom who had attended Sajjan Kumar's meeting the previous day, shoot and kill Roshan Singh (his son) and kill his grandchildren when they ran to help their father.
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looked on as "rioters murdered and raped, having gotten access to voter records that allowed them to mark Sikh homes with large Xs, and large mobs being bused in to large Sikh settlements".
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The operation carried out in the temple caused outrage among the Sikhs and increased the support for Sikh separatism. Four months after the operation, on 31 October 1984, Indira Gandhi was
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was a judge on the Supreme Court of India. Misra submitted his report in August 1986, and the report was made public in February 1987. In his report, he said that it was not part of his
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the stay. The writ petition was decided in August 1989 and the high court abolished the committee. An appeal was filed by the Citizen's Justice Committee in the Supreme Court of India.
1039:, gave money to Boop Tyagi (Tyagi's brother), saying: "Keep these two thousand rupees for liquor and do as I have told you ... You need not worry at all. I will look after everything."
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not to proceed further. The Marwah Commission records were appropriated by the government, and most (except for Marwah's handwritten notes) were later given to the Misra Commission.
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Early in the morning organised mobs are transported outside of Delhi on buses and begin attacking Sikh neighbourhoods. They are equipped with firearms, knives, iron rods, clubs, and
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The Jain Banerjee Committee was recommended by the Misra Commission for the registration of cases. The committee consisted of former Delhi High Court judge M. L. Jain and retired
1012:" and "Indira Gandhi is our mother and these people have killed her". In Sultanpuri, Moti Singh (a Sikh Congress Party member for 20 years) heard Kumar make the following speech:
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While there has been no formal state recognition of the 1984 massacre as a genocide, Sikh communities both in India and the diaspora continue to lobby for its acknowledgment.
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In the Shakarpur neighbourhood, Congress Party leader Shyam Tyagi's home was used as a meeting place for an undetermined number of people. According to a local Hindu witness,
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In Pataudi, two teenage Sikh women were dragged in the middle of a street where they were stripped naked. They were beaten and urinated on. They were finally burned alive.
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during the riots. Messages were broadcast directing the police not to act against rioters, and the fire brigade would not go to areas where cases of arson were reported.
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In Trilokpuri colony: 30 women are abducted and held in Chilla near Delhi. Some of the women were released on 3 November while the fate of the remaining women is unknown.
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2492:, is caught up in the riots while reading in a used book stall in Nai Sarak. He is injured, doused with kerosene and nearly set on fire by a mob before being rescued by
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420:. Very few convictions have taken place in the pending 1984 cases, with only one death penalty conviction for an accused, Yashpal in the case of murdering Sikhs in the
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was established in 2000 after some dissatisfaction was expressed with previous reports. The Nanavati Commission was appointed by a unanimous resolution passed in the
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The People's Union for Civil Liberties criticised the Misra Commission for concealing information on the accused while disclosing the names and addresses of victims.
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The Jain Aggarwal Committee was appointed in December 1990 as a successor to the Potti Rosha Committee. It consisted of Justice J. D. Jain and retired Uttar Pradesh
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conducted an inquiry into the riots, interviewing victims, police officers, neighbours of the victims, army personnel and political leaders. In their joint report, "
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fired about 392 rounds of bullets, arrested approximately 372 persons, and "remained passive and did not provide protection to the people" throughout the rioting.
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On 19 December 1991, Sikh militants killed 14 people. Among the 14 was Lala Ram. Ram was a Hindu militant who had been accused of inciting violence in the riots.
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The 25th anniversary of Indira Gandhi's assassination revives stark memories of some 3,000 Sikhs killed brutally in the orderly pogrom that followed her killing
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2255:. It tells the story of a Sikh man named Jogi whose goal is to save his family, friends and fellow neighbours from a massacre that killed thousands of Sikhs.
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in Palam. Congress Party supporter Shankar Lal Sharma held a meeting, where he assembled a mob which swore to kill Sikhs, in his shop at 08:30 on 1 November.
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Ten commissions or committees have been formed to investigate the riots. The most recent, headed by Justice G. T. Nanavati, submitted its 185-page report to
2317:'s novel of the same name. The film tells the story of a girl, orphaned during the riots, who reconciles with her adoption years later. Although it won the
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During the night of 31 October and the morning of 1 November, Congress Party leaders met with local supporters to distribute money and weapons. Congress
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for Punjab and the deaths of many pilgrims. Sikhs worldwide had criticized the army action and many saw it as an assault on their religion and identity.
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was convicted of Gandhi's murder and then executed. Public outcry over Gandhi's death led to the killings of Sikhs in the ensuing 1984 anti-Sikh riots.
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After 34 years of delay, in December 2018, the first high-profile conviction for the 1984 anti-Sikh riots took place with the arrest of Congress leader
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in 1982 to implement the Anandpur Sahib resolution. Bhindranwale had risen to prominence in the Sikh political circle with his policy of getting the
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as the main witness in this case against Tytler. Following court's directions, Verma's testimony was recorded by the CBI and the case was reopened.
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passed a motion condemning the anti-Sikh riots as "genocide". The Indian government lobbied against the motion and condemned it upon its adoption.
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Kerosene, the primary mob weapon, was supplied by a group of Congress Party leaders who owned filling stations. In Sultanpuri, Congress Party A-4
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vandalise Sikh shops and loot Sikh homes. Local Congress leaders soon begin to lead mobs. Rapes and killings begin and continue till 4 November.
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of both deliberate commissions and omissions by important politicians of the Congress (I) at the top and by authorities in the administration.
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in retaliation for the riots. The 31-page report, "Who Are The Guilty?", listed 227 people who led the mobs; Maken was third on the list.
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organizations and newspapers across India believed that the massacre was organized. The collusion of political officials connected to the
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3750:"The Tribune, Chandigarh, India : Latest news, India, Punjab, Chandigarh, Haryana, Himachal, Uttarakhand, J&K, sports, cricket"
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to protest the clearing of Tytler and Sajjan Kumar. Because of the upcoming Lok Sabha elections, Chidambaram did not press charges.
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for her alleged role in protecting participants in the riots. A U.S. court dismissed the lawsuit against Gandhi on 11 July 2014.
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on 14 March 2011 accusing the Indian government of complicity in the riots. The court issued a summons to the Congress Party and
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7194:
7184:
7173:
7124:
7070:
7037:
5635:
5293:
5266:
5207:
5175:
5143:
5116:
5089:
5062:
5035:
5008:
4978:
4733:
4649:
4595:
4509:
4411:
4327:
4258:
4159:
4069:
4030:
3937:
3691:
3461:
3413:
3373:
3296:
3169:
2876:
2866:
2846:
1462:
1148:
1117:
as inadequate. There has been a persistent demand for accountability and justice for the victims and survivors of the riots.
351:
7985:
7077:
7007:
5582:
4820:
4333:
3979:
3122:
3068:
3029:
2632:
9050:
6751:
6085:
2768:
1952:
476:
390:
6813:
3377:
1058:
president and gas-station owner P. K. Tripathi distributed kerosene to mobs. Aseem Shrivastava, a graduate student at the
8081:
7943:
7266:
5313:
4912:
4446:
702:
687:
6545:
5362:
1084:
later cited 70 affidavits noting the use of a highly-flammable chemical in its written reports to the Misra Commission.
397:
was convinced of the Indian National Congress's complicity in the riots and called it "opportunism" and "hatred" by the
8686:
3973:
3062:
3023:
2705:
2098:
1842:
1347:
731:
389:
reported that the Government of India had "yet to prosecute those responsible for the mass killings". According to the
109:
17:
1321:
mob that beat him and burned him alive. The woman was also beaten and suffered multiple knife wounds and a broken arm.
9030:
9020:
7865:
7846:
7082:
4109:
3892:
3850:
2626:
2587:
1704:
1696:
1170:
1264:
At night, homes of Sikh are identified by surveyors. They use lists to find homes, marking homes of Sikhs with an S.
8671:
7919:
7210:
6395:
4938:
3261:
2248:
1992:
1838:
1339:
1310:
1076:
409:
believes that the violence was organised with support from the Delhi police and some central-government officials.
6120:
5550:
3338:"1984 anti-Sikh riots: Compensation still a dream but a sense of closure for victim families as SIT makes arrests"
1454:, an Indian daily newspaper, ran a front-page story calling the government actions "the mother of all cover-ups".
9015:
8197:
8167:
7302:
2354:. The film revolves around a Sikh woman and her young son, who took shelter in a Meerut nunnery during the riots.
2202:
for the riots. The riots are cited as a reason to support the creation of a Sikh homeland in India, often called
2176:
2167:(NDP) plans to seek recognition of the '1984 Sikh Genocide' in the country's parliament on its 40th anniversary.
1798:
1574:
Arjan Dass because of his involvement in the riots. Dass appeared in affidavits submitted by Sikh victims to the
1557:
1054:
1022:
1004:
them to "attack Sikhs, kill them, and loot and burn their properties". During the morning he led a mob along the
886:
406:
6681:
4842:
1338:
are among the first targets. The worst-affected areas are low-income neighbourhoods such as Inderlok (erstwhile
366:
in the violence and judicial failure to penalize the perpetrators alienated Sikhs and increased support for the
8980:
8651:
8646:
8185:
7883:
7259:
5723:
1777:
1152:
908:
842:
692:
657:
317:
144:
7307:
1981:
In March 2009, the CBI cleared Tytler amidst protests from Sikhs and the opposition parties. On 7 April, Sikh
9070:
8970:
8681:
8666:
8203:
8179:
7967:
7766:
5534:
4287:"Operation Blue Star: India's first tryst with militant extremism & Updates at Daily News & Analysis"
2037:
2025:
to provide 3x3 security cover of 9 armed police bodyguards to Verma and his family on round the clock basis.
724:
667:
566:
431:
4317:
2217:, New Delhi, as a memorial for Sikhs killed during the 1984 riots (and other hate crimes across the world).
1814:
D. K. Aggarwal. The committee recommended the registration of cases against prominent Congress leaders like
1025:
told the court that during the riot, Kumar said that "not a single Sikh should survive". The bureau accused
525:
8251:
8093:
7991:
7815:
7024:
4764:
4720:
4636:
4582:
4486:
3156:
2010:
1665:
1221:, returning from a foreign visit, is stoned as it approaches the AIIMS. A bodyguard's turban is ripped off.
978:
697:
677:
642:
8017:
5445:
3312:
969:
began shouting vengeance slogans such as "Blood for blood!" and became an unruly mob. At 17:20, President
9045:
9035:
8588:
8554:
7442:
5233:
3721:"1984 anti-Sikh riots: Sajjan Kumar convicted! HC reverses acquittal, hands life term to Congress leader"
1947:
in November 2007 for his alleged criminal conspiracy to engineer riots against Sikhs in the aftermath of
1761:
1649:
1539:
1519:
1485:
682:
248:
41:
8031:
2284:' popular novel Chaurasi. It is the first series to deal with the 1984 anti-Sikh riots that happened in
343:, in June 1984. The operation had resulted in a deadly battle with armed Sikh groups who were demanding
9075:
9040:
8752:
8547:
8402:
6875:
6303:"US court to hear 1984 anti-Sikh riots case on March 29 as Congress hires US law firm to defend itself"
3599:
2524:
2125:, the head figure of Sikhs worldwide, declared the events following the death of Indira Gandhi a Sikh "
2122:
1988:
1811:
1608:
1571:
1189:
09:20: Indira Gandhi is shot by two of her Sikh security guards at her residence, and is rushed to the
1097:
1047:
776:
632:
627:
7997:
3231:
1046:(a local Congress Party leader who was implicated in the massacre) held a meeting at Pandit Harkesh's
9025:
8676:
8493:
8483:
8125:
8101:
8069:
7913:
7718:
7700:
7694:
7652:
7349:
7317:
4887:
2467:
2143:
1726:
The commission and its report was criticised as biased by the People's Union for Civil Liberties and
1059:
792:
771:
6844:
6775:"Manmohan Singh's apology for anti-Sikh riots a 'Gandhian moment of moral clarity,' says 2005 cable"
8847:
8777:
8498:
8458:
8291:
7931:
7515:
7490:
7432:
7312:
7286:
1931:
party members of any involvement in organising riots against Sikhs. It did find, however, that the
1668:
government in 2015. On 20 September 2023, Kumar was acquitted over one case of murder in the riot.
1553:
1494:
945:
363:
223:
6699:
5423:
3842:
1886:. One recommendation of the committee was to convince the central government to impose sanctions.
8975:
8925:
8641:
8443:
8352:
8244:
8208:
7712:
7634:
7189:
Jyoti Grewal, 'Betrayed by the state: the anti-Sikh pogrom of 1984' (Penguin Books India, 2007),
6221:"1984 Anti-Sikh riots: Abhishek Verma receives 'death threats', files writ complaint with Police"
3882:
1620:
1141:
662:
402:
4551:
4469:
1411:. They yelled anti Sikh slogans before burning Sikhs alive in their homes and gang raping women.
885:
in 1849, the Sikh Empire was dissolved, leading to its integration into the British province of
324:
and 3,350 nationwide, whilst other sources estimate the number of deaths at about 8,000–17,000.
8827:
8732:
8581:
8540:
8286:
8267:
8161:
8137:
7853:
7437:
7410:
7381:
7376:
5475:
3952:
Joshi, Chand, Bhindranwale: Myth and Reality (New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House, 1984), p. 129.
2094:
1963:
1677:
1579:
1250:
902:
854:
850:
652:
647:
587:
4248:
4059:
4020:
3929:
3799:
3585:
3052:
3013:
2832:
401:, of Sikhs. Although the U.S. has not identified the riots as genocide, it acknowledged that "
8852:
8817:
8807:
8797:
8691:
8523:
8463:
8131:
7790:
7575:
7540:
7510:
7359:
7282:
3451:
2549:
2374:
1867:
1545:
1523:
985:
882:
707:
481:
236:
156:
6959:"Bilkis Bano: 'I Want Justice, Not Revenge, I Want My Daughters to Grow Up in a Safe India'"
6655:
4398:, New Approaches to Asian History, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 132–162,
3921:
496:
350:
In the aftermath of the pogroms, the government reported that 20,000 had fled the city; the
8873:
8822:
8757:
8508:
8473:
8468:
8417:
8407:
8372:
8113:
7859:
7670:
7555:
7460:
7391:
7354:
7251:
6334:
4211:
2529:
2423:
and human-rights activist and journalist Manoj Mitta wrote the first account of the riots,
2359:
2164:
1793:
825:
On 1 June, Operation Blue Star was launched to remove him and the armed militants from the
712:
617:
439:
320:
by her Sikh bodyguards. Government estimates project that about 2,800 Sikhs were killed in
1664:
based on the re-opened investigation by the Special Investigation Team constituted by the
1637:), Kishan Khokkar, Girdhari Lal and Captain Bhagmal – for inciting a mob against Sikhs in
8:
8898:
8888:
8832:
8812:
8787:
8772:
8767:
8747:
8636:
8513:
8478:
8438:
8397:
8362:
8347:
8342:
8301:
8025:
8005:
7760:
7646:
7590:
7560:
7525:
7415:
4221:
4217:
2518:
2450:
2347:
2049:
1967:
1919:
1907:
1891:
1773:
1590:
1575:
1549:
1505:
1258:
819:
815:
811:
788:
637:
398:
328:
5809:
4181:
4098:
3437:
Swadesh Bahadur Singh (editor of the Sher-i-Panjâb weekly): "Cabinet berth for a Sikh",
2052:
of encouraging rioters. The complaint against Nath was dismissed in March 2012 by Judge
834:
by Indian paramilitary forces were conducted to clear the separatists from the state of
561:
8920:
8915:
8893:
8518:
8488:
8453:
8433:
8392:
8382:
8357:
8119:
8043:
8037:
7595:
7565:
7550:
7427:
7155:
6700:"Canadians have a right to be 'concerned' about 1984 Sikh massacre, Harjit Sajjan says"
6572:
6540:
6373:
6307:
6140:
6032:
6000:
5915:
5655:
5484:
5339:
4680:
4417:
4372:
4131:
3638:
3573:
3097:
2485:
2306:
2260:
1727:
1720:
1656:
In December 2018, in one of the first high-profile convictions, former Congress leader
1501:
1466:
831:
803:
799:
784:
757:
602:
486:
455:
386:
367:
344:
5973:
2894:"'RSS was silent during the 1984 riots. At places, it was implicated in the violence'"
2802:"'RSS was silent during the 1984 riots. At places, it was implicated in the violence'"
8930:
8727:
8448:
8337:
8327:
8322:
8306:
8296:
8173:
7901:
7803:
7676:
7520:
7470:
7465:
7190:
7180:
7169:
7120:
7066:
7033:
6504:
5631:
5528:
5289:
5262:
5203:
5171:
5139:
5112:
5085:
5058:
5031:
5004:
4974:
4729:
4645:
4591:
4505:
4421:
4407:
4323:
4254:
4105:
4065:
4026:
3969:
3933:
3922:
3888:
3846:
3779:"Delhi court awards death penalty in 1984 anti-Sikh riots case: Chronology of events"
3554:
3457:
3292:
3165:
3058:
3019:
2872:
2842:
2701:
2657:
2622:
2583:
2378:
2214:
2102:
2033:
2002:
This forced the Congress Party to cut the Tytler and Sajjan Kumar Lok Sabha tickets.
1879:
1630:
1623:
1343:
761:
490:
7246:
7132:
Struggle for Justice: Speeches and Conversations of Sant Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale.
5939:
5874:
5385:
2734:
1703:. As Marwah was completing his inquiry in mid-1985, he was abruptly directed by the
9065:
8842:
8661:
8656:
8503:
8281:
8191:
8107:
8087:
7907:
7570:
7495:
7322:
4399:
4364:
3838:
2462:
2277:
2235:
2018:
1781:
1700:
1661:
1638:
1439:
The Delhi High Court, delivering its verdict on a riot-related case in 2009, said:
1324:
In Trilokpuri colony: Women were grouped together and were dragged one by one to a
870:
869:
Before British colonisation, Punjab was a region dominated by Sikh states knoen as
607:
417:
355:
197:
49:
5842:, People's Union for Civil Liberties and People's Union for Democratic Right, 1987
5309:
4355:
Mahmood, Cynthia Keppley (1989). "Sikh Rebellion and the Hindu Concept of Order".
3884:
Aspects of India's International Relations, 1700 to 2000: South Asia and the World
1629:
In Delhi, 442 rioters were convicted as of 2012. Forty-nine were sentenced to the
8762:
8377:
8227:
8149:
8055:
7979:
7973:
7706:
7640:
7505:
7500:
7386:
7214:
7001:
5905:
5677:
5625:
5566:
5554:
5283:
5256:
5197:
5165:
5133:
5106:
5079:
5052:
5025:
4998:
4968:
4812:
4151:
3963:
3313:"1984, the State, a Carnage and What the Trauma of a People Means to India Today"
3114:
2838:
2616:
2512:
2392:
2285:
2244:
2078:
2053:
1971:
1815:
1716:
1480:
1200:
1036:
597:
6743:
1566:
On 5 September 1985, Harjinder Singh Jinda and Sukhdev Singh Sukha assassinated
1071:
several tins of kerosene oil and other inflammable material, such as jute sacks.
327:
The assassination of Indira Gandhi itself had taken place after she had ordered
8878:
8857:
8792:
8332:
7895:
7784:
7772:
7585:
7364:
7337:
7219:
6805:
6497:"Supreme Court to form its own special team to probe 186 anti-Sikh riots cases"
6194:"1984 anti-Sikh riots: Witness Abhishek Verma agrees to undergo polygraph test"
4442:
3367:
3289:
Questioning The Secular State: The Worldwide Resurgence of Religion in Politics
2442:
2265:
2240:
2195:
2142:
On 16 April 2015, Assembly Concurrent Resolution 34 (ACR 34) was passed by the
2057:
1995:
1944:
1827:
1583:
1328:
where they would be gang raped. According to one girl, she was raped by 15 men.
1254:
931:
780:
449:
94:
4403:
1723:
to identify any individual and recommended the formation of three committees.
8964:
8908:
8075:
8061:
7871:
7600:
7580:
7475:
6508:
5354:
3558:
3520:"1984 anti-Sikh riots: Congress leader Jagdish Tytler gets anticipatory bail"
2420:
2351:
2210:
1983:
1948:
1915:
1749:
1680:
1598:
1408:
999:
notes and bottles of liquor to the assailants. On the morning of 1 November,
858:
846:
835:
826:
582:
541:
394:
340:
332:
193:
124:
111:
98:
82:
5904:
Riots, India Justice Nanavati Commission of Inquiry, 1984 Anti-Sikh (2005).
2922:"What Delhi HC Order on 1984 Anti-Sikh Pogrom Says About 2002 Gujarat Riots"
2775:
2431:
HELIUM (a novel of 1984, published by Bloomsbury in 2013) by Jaspreet Singh]
1261:
and urges him to take immediate steps to protect Sikhs from further attacks.
8883:
8837:
8782:
8742:
8737:
8631:
8412:
7396:
7371:
7236:
5854:"World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - India : Sikhs"
3015:
War and Religion: An Encyclopedia of Faith and Conflict [3 volumes]
2396:
2368:
2339:
2314:
2310:
2302:
2292:. The series is centered on the nexus between politics and law enforcement.
2273:
2269:
2082:
2061:
2022:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1834:
1819:
1657:
1642:
1611:
members killed Dr. Budh Parkash Kashyap over his involvement in the riots.
1601:
was assassinated over his involvement in the riots. He allegedly led mobs.
1567:
1243:
The "Seek blood for blood" statement is aired on state-controlled airwaves.
1207:
1026:
1000:
994:
981:
935:
878:
612:
592:
413:
359:
8573:
7231:
2951:"Why Gujarat 2002 Finds Mention in 1984 Riots Court Order on Sajjan Kumar"
2276:, and created by Shailendra Kumar Jha and directed by Ranjan Chandel, for
1833:
It suggested establishing two or three special investigating teams in the
8367:
7664:
7480:
6929:"'Wall of Truth' to have names of all Sikhs killed in hate crimes: DSGMC"
3668:. Washington: CNN-IBN. Press Trust of India. 2 April 2013. Archived from
2437:
2007:
1911:
1560:
1369:
1211:
989:
874:
177:
7090:
The Sikhs of the Punjab: Unheard Voices of State and Guerrilla Violence.
4443:"Delhi 1984: India's Congress party still struggling to escape the past"
1062:, described the mobs' organised nature in an affidavit submitted to the
8802:
7535:
7530:
7144:
5547:
5310:"My job didn't stop with Mrs Gandhi or Beant Singh. Bodies kept coming"
4376:
2506:
2493:
2364:
2330:
2297:
2281:
2225:
The anti-Sikh riots have been the subject of several films and novels:
2045:
1978:
not conducting a fair trial, accusing the bureau of protecting Tytler.
1959:
1955:), which he thought had undermined his position in the Congress Party.
1692:
1355:
1354:
Colony. Areas with prompt police intervention, such as Farsh Bazar and
1314:
1218:
1155: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1093:
970:
921:
421:
371:
189:
6470:"Cobrapost Sting: Government didn't allow police to act in 1984 riots"
6246:"Provide Security To 1984 Anti-Sikh Riots Witness: High Court To Cops"
4018:
957:
The riots have also been described as pogroms, massacres or genocide.
8011:
7724:
7026:
Twenty years of impunity: the November 1984 pogroms of Sikhs in India
5907:
Justice Nanavati Commission of Inquiry (1984 Anti-Sikh Riots): Report
4843:"India: No Justice for 1984 Anti-Sikh Bloodshed | Human Rights Watch"
4722:
Twenty years of impunity: the November 1984 pogroms of Sikhs in India
4638:
Twenty years of impunity: the November 1984 pogroms of Sikhs in India
4584:
Twenty years of impunity: the November 1984 pogroms of Sikhs in India
4319:
Federalism, Nationalism and Development: India and the Punjab Economy
3201:"Jagdish Tytler's role in 1984 anti-Sikh riots to be re-investigated"
3158:
Twenty years of impunity: the November 1984 pogroms of Sikhs in India
2343:
2289:
2203:
2199:
2074:
2014:
1450:
1448:
The government allegedly destroyed evidence and shielded the guilty.
767:
181:
5785:"Ex-Congress MP Sajjan Kumar acquitted in 1984 anti-Sikh riots case"
4368:
3547:"Ex-Congress MP Sajjan Kumar acquitted in 1984 anti-Sikh riots case"
2321:, it was censored in India but was released on DVD without the cuts.
1130:
8612:
8222:
7748:
7485:
7241:
7207:
3409:
2183:
2126:
1776:
against the committee which was not opposed by the government. The
1508:
traced part of the problem to government response to the violence:
1377:
1335:
1296:
1289:
791:
passed. Others demanded an autonomous state in India, based on the
379:
336:
4552:"It's Time India Accept Responsibility for its 1984 Sikh Genocide"
2042:
United States District Court for the Southern District of New York
1626:
said 46 persons have been prosecuted for their role in the riots.
358:. The most-affected regions were the Sikh neighborhoods of Delhi.
8236:
5228:
3666:"US refuses to declare 1984 anti-Sikh riots in India as genocide"
2455:
2230:
1398:
1373:
1092:
On 31 October, Congress Party officials provided assailants with
1029:
of keeping its "eyes closed" during the riot, which was planned.
798:
As high-handed police methods were used on protesters during the
375:
161:
90:
8950:
8942:
8616:
8605:
4392:"Militancy, Antiterrorism and the Khalistan Movement, 1984–1997"
2830:
1240:
Violence towards Sikhs and destruction of Sikh property spreads.
7545:
7097:
Giani Kirpal Singh's Eye-Witness Account of Operation Bluestar.
5449:
3490:"1984 riots were 'Sikh genocide': Akal Takht – Hindustan Times"
2982:"Delhi to reopen inquiry in to massacre of Sikhs in 1984 riots"
1381:
1325:
1303:
1267:
At around 9 p.m. an elderly Sikh man is the first to be killed.
1008:
railway road to Mangolpuri, where the crowd chanted: "Kill the
814:
the Punjab state government (led by their party), invoking the
305:
173:
6682:"NDP remembers the 1984 Sikh Genocide on its 40th anniversary"
6396:"US court dismisses plea against Nath in anti-Sikh riots case"
5694:"442 convicted in various anti-Sikh riots cases: Delhi Police"
4057:
3011:
1894:
government to decide that it did not fall within its purview.
1730:. According to a Human Rights Watch report on the commission:
7797:
7063:
Fighting for Faith and Nation: Dialogues With Sikh Militants.
6414:"New York Court summons Sonia Gandhi in 1984 Sikh Riots Case"
5515:. Hinduonnet.com. Archived from the original on 29 April 2011
3692:"India: Bring Charges for Newly Discovered Massacre of Sikhs"
3433:
3431:
2489:
2325:
2252:
2247:, is set against the backdrop of the 1984 anti-Sikh riots in
2088:
1943:
The Central Bureau of Investigation closed all cases against
1883:
1792:
The Potti Rosha Committee was appointed in March 1990 by the
1362:
1351:
1009:
1005:
321:
313:
266:
185:
102:
86:
7281:
7079:
Reduced to Ashes: The Insurgency and Human Rights in Punjab.
5652:"Punjab News | Breaking News | Latest Online News"
8609:
6335:"U.S. court issues summons to Congress for anti-Sikh riots"
6275:
1958:
In December 2007 a witness, Dushyant Singh (then living in
1878:
The Narula Committee was appointed in December 1993 by the
1748:
Justice Dalip Kapur and Kusum Mittal, retired Secretary of
1526:(BJP) members also allegedly participated in the violence.
309:
7179:
Jarnail Singh, 'I Accuse...' (Penguin Books India, 2009),
7111:
Religion and Nationalism in India: The Case of the Punjab.
6899:"'Wall of truth' to tell you 1984 riots' story by Nov-end"
3428:
2834:
The Legacy of Militancy in Punjab: Long Road to 'Normalcy'
2481:
The Eugenics Wars: The Rise and Fall of Khan Noonien Singh
6440:"US court give relief to Sonia Gandhi in Sikh riots case"
5878:
4806:
4804:
3999:
3997:
3453:
Dead silence: the legacy of human rights abuses in Punjab
2698:
The SAGE Encyclopedia of War: Social Science Perspectives
2548:
On 2 November, Moti Singh witnessed two policemen, one a
1368:
At 6 PM a mob under the guidance of Congress leader
6600:"California assembly describes 1984 riots as 'genocide'"
6568:"Canadian Sikh MP distances himself from riots petition"
6060:"Anti Sikh riots witness to give statement to CBI in US"
5679:
Daily Report: Near East & South Asia, Volumes 95-250
5469:
5467:
1715:
The Misra Commission was appointed in May 1985; Justice
673:
Hate crimes in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks
5724:"Apex court upholds life term for 3 in anti-Sikh riots"
4630:
4628:
4626:
4624:
4622:
3831:"The Anandpur Sahib Resolution and Other Akali Demands"
8996:
Attacks on religious buildings and structures in India
7950:
Antireligious campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party
7000:
Rao, Amiya; Ghose, Aurobindo; Pancholi, N. D. (1985).
6366:"'84 Riots: US Court Dismisses Complaint Against Nath"
6168:"Anti-Sikh riots case against Jagdish Tytler reopened"
5996:"BJP to govt: Clear stand on anti-Sikh riots' witness"
4811:
Rao, Amiya; Ghose, Aurobindo; Pancholi, N. D. (1985).
4801:
4681:"India Congress leader 'incited' 1984 anti-Sikh riots"
4590:(2nd ed.). Portland, OR: Ensaaf. pp. 27–28.
3994:
3634:"US saw Cong hand in Sikh massacre, reveal Wiki leaks"
2410:, describes incidents which occurred during the riots.
1691:
The Marwah Commission was appointed in November 1984.
1407:
500 armed men were allegedly transported in trucks to
7878:
Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia
7731:
Persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction
5464:
4061:
Democracy and Counterterrorism: Lessons from the Past
4022:
India: Government and Politics in a Developing Nation
2488:, who is depicted as a North Indian from a family of
2194:
On 12 August 2005 , then Prime Minister of India Dr.
1500:
A 1991 Human Rights Watch report on violence between
766:
In the 1972 Punjab state elections, Congress won and
6271:"US court summons Congress party on Sikh riots case"
5776:
4619:
2319:
National Film Award for Best Feature Film in English
1234:
Attacks are planned in a meeting at the home of the
1231:
Organized, equipped gangs spread out from the AIIMS.
960:
857:
was fatally shot by Gandhi's other bodyguards while
5416:"India's 1984 Anti-Sikh Riots: Waiting for Justice"
4793:Fera, Ivan (23 December 1985). "The Enemy Within".
4502:
Betrayed by the State: The Anti-Sikh Pogrom of 1984
3744:
3742:
2415:
The Delhi Riots: Three Days in the Life of a Nation
1203:
reports that the guards who shot Gandhi were Sikhs.
5224:"1984. Genocide in Pataudi. Not a whisper escaped"
4728:(2nd ed.). Portland, OR: Ensaaf. p. 29.
4644:(2nd ed.). Portland, OR: Ensaaf. p. 28.
4090:
3800:"A first for SIT: Two convicted for 1984 killings"
3444:
3406:"1984 anti-Sikh riots backed by Govt, police: CBI"
3164:(2nd ed.). Portland, OR: Ensaaf. p. 27.
3012:Jeffrey M. Shaw; Timothy J. Demy (27 March 2017).
2980:
1334:09:00: Armed mobs take over the streets in Delhi.
6472:. news.biharprabha.com. Indo-Asian News Service.
6136:"Sikhs protest outside court hearing Tytler case"
6028:"1984 riots: CBI to re-investigate Tytler's role"
4866:"Renewed calls for justice in India's 1984 riots"
4765:"Misra Commission Affidavit of Aseem Shrivastava"
4539:New Spiritual Homes: Religion and Asian Americans
4051:
4019:Robert L. Hardgrave; Stanley A. Kochanek (2008).
2868:Tipping Point: A Short Political History of India
2728:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2652:
2650:
2417:, has interviews with victims of the Delhi riots.
2401:Tragedy of Punjab: Operation Bluestar & After
1394:Trains arrive in Delhi with dead bodies of Sikhs.
770:was defeated. In 1973, Akali Dal put forward the
8962:
7003:Truth about Delhi violence: report to the nation
6999:
6560:
6086:"CBI gives Tytler clean chit in 1984 riots case"
5782:
5754:"Sajjan Kumar acquitted in anti-Sikh riots case"
5473:
5409:
5407:
4817:Truth about Delhi violence: report to the nation
4810:
4104:(e-book ed.). London. p. 147, Ch. 11.
3773:
3771:
3739:
1087:
416:, who was sentenced to life imprisonment by the
9006:Sexual violence at riots and crowd disturbances
7149:Language, Religion and Politics in North India.
6592:
5869:
5867:
5865:
5863:
5627:Terrorism in the Tarai: A Socio-political Study
4390:Shani, Giorgio; Singh, Gurharpal, eds. (2021),
3361:
3359:
2769:"Report:Justice Nanavati Commission of Inquiry"
2712:around 17,000 Sikhs were burned alive or killed
7629:Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent
7623:Persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire
6115:Rai, Shambhavi; Malik, Devika (8 April 2009).
5355:"1984 Sikh Massacres: Mother of All Cover-ups"
4204:
3365:
2717:
2658:"The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Perspective"
2647:
2403:, focuses on the events surrounding the riots.
8589:
8252:
7810:Persecution of Christians in the Eastern Bloc
7617:Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire
7267:
7141:New York: Allen, McMillan and Enderson, 1986.
7022:
5583:"1984 Sikh Pogrom: The First Day of November"
5413:
5404:
4718:
4634:
4580:
4309:
4014:
4012:
3924:Sikh nationalism and identity in a global age
3919:
3876:
3874:
3768:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3154:
3109:
3107:
3050:
2916:
2914:
1478:According to eyewitness accounts obtained by
1457:From 31 October 1984 to 10 November 1984 the
1358:, see few killings and little major violence.
1107:
732:
7932:Violence against Hindus in independent India
7151:Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1974.
6133:
5966:"The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Main News"
5920:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
5860:
4279:
4174:
4064:. US Institute of Peace Press. p. 444.
3456:. Human Rights Watch. May 1994. p. 10.
3356:
3254:
2974:
2972:
2413:Uma Chakravarthi and Nandita Hakser's book,
2108:
1830:. These cases weren't registered by police.
378:'s governing body, considers the killings a
9061:Attacks on buildings and structures in 1984
8702:Pakistan Sikh Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee
8603:
8144:Attacks by Islamic extremists in Bangladesh
7659:Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent
7023:Kaur, Jaskaran; Crossette, Barbara (2006).
6656:"An Act Designating Various Days and Weeks"
5216:
4719:Kaur, Jaskaran; Crossette, Barbara (2006).
4635:Kaur, Jaskaran; Crossette, Barbara (2006).
4581:Kaur, Jaskaran; Crossette, Barbara (2006).
3913:
3155:Kaur, Jaskaran; Crossette, Barbara (2006).
2945:
2943:
1246:Rajiv Gandhi is sworn in as Prime Minister.
1214:to the AIIMS, where isolated attacks occur.
8712:Haryana Sikh Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee
8596:
8582:
8259:
8245:
7274:
7260:
7085:, 2003. Archived from the on 12 July 2003.
6868:"'I Lived As A Queen. Now, I'm A Servant'"
6117:"Jarnail Singh: Profile of a shoe thrower"
5924:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
5630:. Ajanta Books International. p. 62.
4389:
4240:
4182:"Army reveals startling facts on Bluestar"
4136:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4096:
4009:
3871:
3607:. Human Rights Watch. 2011. pp. 1–5.
3391:
3286:
3104:
3088:
3086:
2911:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2614:
2089:Special Investigation Team (Supreme Court)
1901:
1805:
1755:
1660:was sentenced to life imprisonment by the
783:, then joined the Akali Dal to launch the
739:
725:
48:
7779:Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars
6495:Rajagopal, Krishnadas (10 January 2018).
6494:
5346:
4484:Singh, Jaspreet, "India's pogrom, 1984",
4058:Robert J. Art; Louise Richardson (2007).
3843:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195673098.001.0001
3366:Mukhoty, Gobinda; Kothari, Rajni (1984),
3150:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3140:
2969:
2831:Inderjit Singh Jaijee, Dona Suri (2019).
2338:), directed by Shashi Kumar and starring
1938:
1742:
1430:and the Civil Hospital mortuary in Delhi.
1171:Learn how and when to remove this message
643:Destruction of the Sikh Reference Library
557:French ban on religious symbols in school
8707:Delhi Sikh Gurdwara Management Committee
7139:Punjab Under Siege: A Critical Analysis.
6865:
6803:
6114:
5910:. Ministry of Home Affairs. p. 131.
5335:1984 riots: three held guilty of rioting
5232:. Tehelka. 12 March 2011. Archived from
4863:
3887:. Pearson Education India. p. 484.
3794:
3792:
3229:
2940:
2860:
2858:
2826:
2824:
2822:
1787:
1236:Minister of Information and Broadcasting
1082:Delhi Sikh Gurdwara Management Committee
1034:Minister of Information and Broadcasting
864:
658:Disappearance of Sukhwinder Singh Bhatti
526:Ethnic cleansing of Sikhs in Afghanistan
509:Coerced religious conversion in Pakistan
9001:History of the Indian National Congress
8697:Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee
7743:French Revolutionary dechristianisation
6622:
6606:. Press Trust of India. 22 April 2015.
5352:
4788:
4786:
4714:
4712:
4710:
4708:
4706:
4704:
4702:
4471:Politics Of Genocide – Punjab 1984-1998
4354:
3715:
3713:
3545:Bureau, The Hindu (20 September 2023).
3083:
2756:
2571:
2569:
1556:assassinated Congress Party leader and
1428:All India Institute of Medical Sciences
1191:All India Institute of Medical Sciences
967:All India Institute of Medical Sciences
54:Sikh man surrounded and beaten by a mob
14:
8963:
7689:Forced conversions of Muslims in Spain
7032:(2nd ed.). Portland, OR: Ensaaf.
6939:from the original on 24 September 2019
6896:
6772:
6744:"PM apologises for 84 anti-Sikh riots"
5820:from the original on 23 September 2009
5783:The Hindu Bureau (20 September 2023).
4499:
4246:
3965:Counter Terrorism, the Pakistan Factor
3544:
3482:
3232:"India's Anti-Sikh Riots, 30 Years On"
3137:
2978:
2891:
2864:
2799:
2695:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2067:
2028:
1641:. The court acquitted Congress leader
8577:
8240:
7938:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight
7255:
6610:from the original on 6 September 2018
6420:from the original on 8 September 2013
6363:
5946:from the original on 19 December 2007
5903:
5494:from the original on 16 February 2009
5281:
5254:
5195:
5191:
5189:
5187:
5163:
5159:
5157:
5155:
5131:
5104:
5077:
5050:
5023:
4996:
4992:
4990:
4966:
4962:
4960:
4945:from the original on 15 February 2009
4823:from the original on 22 December 2016
4440:
4315:
4228:from the original on 14 December 2020
4039:from the original on 22 February 2017
4003:
3961:
3955:
3828:
3789:
3756:from the original on 30 November 2018
3727:from the original on 17 December 2018
3694:. Human Rights Watch. 25 April 2011.
3380:from the original on 5 September 2019
3280:
3268:from the original on 15 February 2009
3115:"Anti-Sikh riots a pogrom: Khushwant"
2855:
2819:
2596:from the original on 6 September 2022
2575:
2220:
1970:from Minister of State for Personnel
1063:
713:Assassination of Hardeep Singh Nijjar
7049:from the original on 19 January 2012
6909:from the original on 12 October 2019
6866:Naithani, Shobhita (25 April 2009).
6834:
6785:from the original on 29 January 2016
6536:"Sikh clergy: 1984 riots 'genocide'"
6533:
5885:from the original on 4 November 2009
5654:. Punjabnewsline.com. Archived from
5623:
5383:
4919:from the original on 17 January 2009
4792:
4783:
4745:from the original on 19 January 2012
4699:
4661:from the original on 19 January 2012
4607:from the original on 19 January 2012
4297:from the original on 3 November 2017
4162:from the original on 2 December 2019
3901:from the original on 4 February 2021
3810:from the original on 11 January 2019
3710:
3614:from the original on 30 January 2011
3181:from the original on 19 January 2012
3125:from the original on 22 October 2018
3071:from the original on 30 October 2020
2993:from the original on 12 January 2022
2741:from the original on 2 November 2009
2732:
2635:from the original on 30 October 2020
2566:
2189:
1861:
1686:
1459:People's Union for Democratic Rights
1225:
1153:adding citations to reliable sources
1124:
873:, which were later unified into the
514:Religious discrimination in Pakistan
477:Human rights abuses in Punjab, India
290:8,000–17,000 Sikhs (other estimates)
27:Series of organised pogroms in India
8082:Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War
8032:Persecution of Hindus in Bangladesh
7944:Jewish exodus from the Muslim world
7737:Christianization of the Sámi people
7118:Amritsar: Mrs Gandhi's Last Battle.
6662:from the original on 28 August 2018
6636:from the original on 28 August 2018
6218:
5940:"Fresh probe into India politician"
5875:"Leaders 'incited' anti-Sikh riots"
5316:from the original on 13 August 2012
4888:"Lessons of the 1984 Sikh Massacre"
4213:White Paper on the Punjab Agitation
4101:Amritsar; Mrs. Gandhi's Last Battle
4097:Tully, Mark; Jacob, Satish (1985).
3880:
3859:from the original on 6 January 2019
3291:. C. Hurst & Co. p. 1276.
2680:
2668:from the original on 14 August 2020
1873:
1710:
1533:
703:July 2018 Jalalabad suicide bombing
688:2010 Sikh beheadings by the Taliban
24:
8687:All India Sikh Students Federation
8266:
7247:In pictures: Massacre of the Sikhs
7065:University of Pennsylvania Press,
6985:
6897:Pandit, Ambika (1 November 2016).
6706:from the original on 19 April 2017
6476:from the original on 23 April 2014
6036:. 18 December 2007. Archived from
6004:. 30 November 2007. Archived from
5764:from the original on 30 April 2013
5734:from the original on 29 April 2013
5392:from the original on 26 April 2011
5184:
5152:
4987:
4957:
4687:from the original on 25 April 2012
4500:Grewal, Jyoti (30 December 2007).
4467:
4449:from the original on 26 March 2016
4441:North, Andrew (18 February 2014).
4078:from the original on 26 March 2022
3982:from the original on 26 March 2022
3470:from the original on 28 April 2016
3374:People's Union for Civil Liberties
3211:from the original on 18 April 2022
3032:from the original on 26 April 2022
2735:"Indira Gandhi's death remembered"
2406:Jarnail Singh's non-fiction book,
2383:Tej Aru Dhulire Dhusarita Prishtha
2186:recognised 'Sikh Genocide Week'.
1852:
1463:People's Union for Civil Liberties
1217:17:30: The motorcade of President
965:On 31 October, a crowd around the
352:People's Union for Civil Liberties
331:, a military action to secure the
25:
9087:
8986:20th-century mass murder in India
7926:Violence against Muslims in India
7920:Persecution of Hindus in Pakistan
7866:Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses
7201:
7083:South Asia Forum for Human Rights
7006:. India: Citizens for Democracy.
6726:"Flag Raisings and Half-Mastings"
6515:from the original on 10 June 2020
6345:from the original on 5 March 2011
5568:Times of India Illustrated Weekly
5414:Mridu Khullar (28 October 2009).
5386:"Justice delayed, justice denied"
5365:from the original on 7 March 2013
4913:"Indian prime minister shot dead"
4819:. India: Citizens for Democracy.
4336:from the original on 8 March 2021
4152:"Operation BlueStar, 20 Years On"
4118:from the original on 26 July 2018
3698:from the original on 11 July 2011
3262:"1984: Assassination and revenge"
3242:from the original on 10 July 2022
2865:Kalhan, Anuradha (3 April 2023).
1966:(BJP) demanded an explanation in
1866:The Dhillon Committee, headed by
1843:additional commissioner of police
1697:Additional Commissioner of Police
1671:
1096:, school registration forms, and
961:Meetings and weapons distribution
63:31 October – 3 November 1984
8949:
8941:
8672:Shiromani Akali Dal (Democratic)
8615:
8604:
8221:
7164:Manoj Mitta & H.S. Phoolka.
7010:from the original on 8 July 2011
6951:
6921:
6890:
6859:
6828:
6816:from the original on 12 May 2010
6797:
6766:
6736:
6718:
6692:
6674:
6648:
6527:
6488:
6462:
6432:
6406:
6388:
6364:Singh, Yoshita (16 March 2012).
6357:
6341:. Chennai, India. 2 March 2011.
6327:
6295:
6263:
6238:
6212:
6186:
6160:
6127:
6108:
6096:from the original on 26 May 2009
6078:
6062:. Ibnlive.in.com. Archived from
6052:
6020:
5988:
5958:
5932:
5897:
5846:
5832:
5802:
5746:
5716:
5686:
5670:
5644:
5617:
5601:
5353:Mustafa, Seema (9 August 2005).
4771:from the original on 8 July 2011
4562:from the original on 10 May 2016
4526:Historical Dictionary of Sikhism
4267:from the original on 11 May 2016
4192:from the original on 5 July 2009
2979:Nelson, Dean (30 January 2014).
2957:from the original on 31 May 2019
2928:from the original on 31 May 2019
2892:Ashraf, Ajaz (3 November 2015).
2800:Ashraf, Ajaz (3 November 2015).
2696:Joseph, Paul (11 October 2016).
2132:
1914:. This commission was headed by
1129:
1042:During the night of 31 October,
818:. During the five months before
623:1947 Rajouri and Mirpur massacre
448:
288:3,350 (Indian government figure)
260:
242:
230:
217:
9011:History of Delhi (1947–present)
8753:Sant Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale
8198:2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel
8168:Persecution of Uyghurs in China
6969:from the original on 9 May 2017
6841:British Sikh Student Federation
6773:Suroor, Hasan (21 April 2011).
6754:from the original on 9 May 2020
6311:. 16 March 2012. Archived from
5575:
5559:
5541:
5505:
5438:
5377:
5328:
5302:
5275:
5248:
5170:. Kashi House. pp. 36–37.
5138:. Kashi House. pp. 23–24.
5125:
5098:
5071:
5044:
5017:
4973:. Kashi House. pp. 11–12.
4931:
4905:
4880:
4857:
4835:
4795:The Illustrated Weekly of India
4757:
4673:
4574:
4544:
4531:
4518:
4493:
4478:
4461:
4434:
4383:
4348:
4144:
3946:
3822:
3684:
3658:
3626:
3592:
3538:
3512:
3412:. 23 April 2012. Archived from
3330:
3305:
3223:
3193:
3044:
3005:
2885:
2733:Bedi, Rahul (1 November 2009).
2542:
2258:The 2021 web television series
2097:decided to form a three-member
1140:needs additional citations for
1023:Central Bureau of Investigation
663:Killing of Jaswant Singh Khalra
407:Central Bureau of Investigation
8991:Assassination of Indira Gandhi
8652:Shiromani Akali Dal (Longowal)
8647:Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)
8186:2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings
8156:Genocide of Christians by ISIL
7890:Communist Romanian persecution
6996:(Rupa & Kashi House 2017).
6576:. 17 June 2010. Archived from
6534:Rana, Yudhvir (16 July 2010).
6446:. 11 July 2014. Archived from
6279:. 2 March 2011. Archived from
5942:. BBC News. 18 December 2007.
5700:. 20 June 2012. Archived from
4253:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 516–517.
3496:. 14 July 2010. Archived from
3051:Paul R. Brass (October 1996).
2793:
2608:
2149:
1614:
1397:17 Sikhs were burned alive in
1361:According to an eyewitness in
1309:In the morning, mobs roam the
974:neighbourhoods were peaceful.
909:assassination of Indira Gandhi
693:Wisconsin Sikh temple shooting
588:Execution of Guru Tegh Bahadur
318:assassination of Indira Gandhi
145:Assassination of Indira Gandhi
13:
1:
8682:Shiromani Akali Dal (Sanyukt)
8667:Shiromani Akali Dal (Panthic)
8204:2024 Istanbul church shooting
8180:Christchurch mosque shootings
7968:Religious violence in Nigeria
7962:Exodus of Turks from Bulgaria
7208:1984 Anti-Sikh Riots Homepage
6837:"Remembrance March in London"
6134:Smriti Singh (9 April 2009).
5384:Agal, Renu (11 August 2005).
4941:. BBC News. 31 October 1984.
4915:. BBC News. 31 October 1984.
3264:. BBC News. 31 October 1984.
2559:
2137:
2081:, the government muzzled the
1839:deputy commissioner of police
1552:and Ranjit Singh Gill of the
1419:
1388:
1350:, Mongolpuri, Sultanpuri and
1282:
1183:
1088:Congress Party voter-list use
779:, a prominent Sikh leader of
751:
668:2000 Chittisinghpura massacre
567:Anti-Sikh sentiment in Canada
403:grave human rights violations
9056:November 1984 events in Asia
8094:War crimes in the Kosovo War
7884:Communist Polish persecution
7755:1860 Mount Lebanon civil war
7683:Crusades against schismatics
5810:"Police didn't help victims"
5448:. ensaaf.org. Archived from
4487:International New York Times
3642:. 6 May 2011. Archived from
2040:, filed a civil suit in the
1434:
845:by her two Sikh bodyguards,
698:Arrest of Jagtar Singh Johal
678:Murder of Balbir Singh Sodhi
598:Execution of Bhai Taru Singh
304:, was a series of organised
7:
9051:October 1984 events in Asia
6994:1984 India's Guilty Secret.
5288:. Kashi House. p. 31.
5285:1984: India's Guilty Secret
5261:. Kashi House. p. 15.
5258:1984: India's Guilty Secret
5202:. Kashi House. p. 30.
5199:1984: India's Guilty Secret
5167:1984: India's Guilty Secret
5135:1984: India's Guilty Secret
5111:. Kashi House. p. 29.
5108:1984: India's Guilty Secret
5084:. Kashi House. p. 14.
5081:1984: India's Guilty Secret
5057:. Kashi House. p. 17.
5054:1984: India's Guilty Secret
5030:. Kashi House. p. 18.
5027:1984: India's Guilty Secret
5003:. Kashi House. p. 13.
5000:1984: India's Guilty Secret
4970:1984: India's Guilty Secret
4939:"Assassination and revenge"
4683:. BBC News. 23 April 2012.
3881:Ray, Jayanta Kumar (2007).
3837:. Oxford University Press.
2615:Paul Brass (October 1996).
2500:
2484:by Gary Cox, a 14-year-old
2105:and a serving IPS Officer.
2072:According to an April 2014
1778:Citizen's Justice Committee
1762:Inspector General of Police
1540:Assassination of Arjun Dass
1520:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
1120:
896:
683:Mehjoor Nagar Sikh massacre
345:greater rights and autonomy
249:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
42:Insurgency in Punjab, India
10:
9092:
6119:. IBN Live. Archived from
4247:Charny, Israel W. (1999).
3287:Westerlund, David (1996).
3093:State pogroms glossed over
3057:. NYU Press. p. 203.
2621:. NYU Press. p. 201.
2525:List of massacres in India
2170:
2123:Jathedar of the Akal Takht
2099:Special Investigation Team
1812:Director General of Police
1648:In the first ever case of
1609:Khalistan Liberation Force
1572:Delhi Metropolitan Council
1537:
1302:At 7:00 a.m. mobs in
1270:Delhi lieutenant governor
1108:International perspectives
900:
777:Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale
755:
633:1948 Gujrat train massacre
628:1947 Kamoke train massacre
391:2011 WikiLeaks cable leaks
354:reported "at least" 1,000
8939:
8866:
8720:
8677:Shiromani Akali Dal Delhi
8624:
8532:
8426:
8315:
8274:
8218:
8126:South Thailand insurgency
8102:Walisongo school massacre
8070:Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus
7719:Expulsion of the Moriscos
7695:European wars of religion
7609:
7453:
7293:
7076:Ram Narayan Kumar et al.
7061:Cynthia Keppley Mahmood.
5533:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
5474:Patricia Gossman (1991),
4404:10.1017/9781316479940.008
4322:. Routledge. p. 45.
4250:Encyclopaedia of genocide
3829:Singh, Khushwant (2004).
3369:Who are the Guilty ?
3018:. ABC-CLIO. p. 129.
2448:The 2016 Bollywood film,
2158:
2144:California State Assembly
2109:Recognition as a genocide
2048:, who was accused by the
1645:, which led to protests.
1495:First Information Reports
1469:", the groups concluded:
1278:visit the affected areas.
1075:A senior official at the
1060:Delhi School of Economics
793:Anandpur Sahib Resolution
772:Anandpur Sahib Resolution
284:
279:
208:
203:
169:
150:
140:
77:
59:
47:
39:
34:
9031:Ethnic cleansing in Asia
9021:Religious riots in India
8778:Harcharan Singh Longowal
8292:Indian Rebellion of 1857
7516:Extrajudicial punishment
6804:Nanavati (1 June 2010).
5446:"Ensaaf › About Us"
4468:Jaijee, Inderjit Singh.
3601:World Report 2011: India
3230:Pillalamarri, Akhilesh.
2871:. Taylor & Francis.
2535:
2471:, is based on the riots.
2458:, is based on the riots.
2389:), focuses on the riots.
2387:Pages Stained with Blood
2357:The 2003 Bollywood film
2209:On 15 January 2017, the
2116:
1780:filed an application to
1554:Khalistan Commando Force
1299:are attacked and burned.
1274:and police commissioner
1077:Ministry of Home Affairs
364:Indian National Congress
224:Indian National Congress
8926:Operation Black Thunder
8642:Haryana State Akali Dal
8209:Crocus City Hall attack
7956:Persecution of Tibetans
7713:French Wars of Religion
7635:Yellow Turban Rebellion
7237:Ahooja Committee Report
7232:Misra Commission Report
7226:1984 riots case records
7166:When a Tree Shook Delhi
7113:London: Routledge, 2000
6225:Business Standard India
6219:ANI (29 October 2017).
6092:. India. 3 April 2009.
5972:. India. Archived from
5624:Kaur, Jitinder (2000).
4490:, 31 October 2014, p. 7
4291:Daily News and Analysis
2576:Brass, Paul R. (2016).
2435:The 2014 Punjabi film,
2425:When a Tree Shook Delhi
1927:and other high ranking
1902:The Nanavati Commission
1882:-led BJP government in
1806:Jain Aggarwal Committee
1756:Jain Banerjee Committee
943:Jagmohan Singh Khurmi,
912:displaced. Sultanpuri,
583:Execution of Guru Arjan
335:Sikh temple complex in
9016:1980s in Punjab, India
8884:Punjab State Agitation
8828:Prem Singh Chandumajra
8733:Sardul Singh Caveeshar
8162:Iraqi Turkmen genocide
8138:Maspero demonstrations
7986:Huế Phật Đản shootings
7106:New York: Knopf, 2000.
4864:Ramakrishnan, Shriya.
4316:Singh, Pritam (2008).
3928:. Routledge. pp.
3920:Giorgio Shani (2008).
2295:The 2005 English film
2095:Supreme Court of India
1964:Bharatiya Janata Party
1939:Role of Jagdish Tytler
1743:Kapur Mittal Committee
1737:
1580:Supreme Court of India
1515:
1476:
1446:
1073:
1019:
951:
903:Hondh-Chillar massacre
653:Hondh-Chillar massacre
648:1984 anti-Sikh pogroms
65:; 39 years ago
8981:1984 murders in India
8853:Rajinder Kaur Bhattal
8818:Gurcharan Singh Tohra
8808:Sundar Singh Majithia
8798:Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa
8692:Rashtriya Sikh Sangat
8132:Boko Haram insurgency
7791:Pontic Greek genocide
7701:Ottoman–Habsburg wars
7511:Extrajudicial killing
7283:Religious persecution
7228:, Government of Delhi
7213:21 March 2018 at the
7130:Ranbir Singh Sandhu.
7092:Zed Books Ltd., 1995.
5553:11 April 2008 at the
4224:. 1984. p. 169.
3968:. Lancer Publishers.
3962:Karim, Afsir (1991).
3835:Oxfordscholarship.com
2700:. SAGE. p. 433.
2375:Mamoni Raisom Goswami
2182:In 2024, the City of
2093:In January 2018, the
1916:Justice G.T. Nanavati
1868:Gurdial Singh Dhillon
1794:V.P. Singh government
1788:Potti Rosha Committee
1732:
1570:leader and member of
1546:Harjinder Singh Jinda
1524:Bharatiya Janta Party
1510:
1471:
1441:
1068:
1014:
927:
883:Second Anglo-Sikh War
865:Geo-political context
708:Kabul gurdwara attack
482:Punjabi Suba movement
237:Bharatiya Janta Party
157:Religious persecution
9071:Persecution of Sikhs
8971:1984 anti-Sikh riots
8904:1984 anti-Sikh riots
8874:Singh Sabha movement
8823:Simranjit Singh Mann
8758:Surjit Singh Barnala
8378:1983 Nellie massacre
8373:1980 Moradabad riots
8114:September 11 attacks
8050:1984 anti-Sikh riots
7914:Rawalpindi massacres
7860:White Terror (Spain)
7671:Massacre at Ayyadieh
7556:Population cleansing
7168:(Roli Books, 2007),
6835:BSSF (1 June 2010).
6376:on 27 September 2013
5613:. Ocala Star-Banner.
4099:"deaths+in+violent"
4025:. Cengage Learning.
3723:. 17 December 2018.
2530:Air India Flight 182
2165:New Democratic Party
1621:Delhi Chief Minister
1578:, headed by retired
1558:Member of Parliament
1257:meets Home Minister
1249:Senior advocate and
1149:improve this article
441:Persecution of Sikhs
300:, also known as the
298:1984 anti-Sikh riots
35:1984 anti-Sikh riots
8899:Operation Blue Star
8889:Anandpur Resolution
8833:Partap Singh Kairon
8813:Gian Singh Rarewala
8788:Lachhman Singh Gill
8773:Parkash Singh Badal
8768:Sukhbir Singh Badal
8748:Jagjit Singh Chohan
8637:Shiromani Akali Dal
8484:2017 Northern India
8026:Bangladesh genocide
8006:Cultural Revolution
7998:Xá Lợi Pagoda raids
7761:Circassian genocide
7647:Rhineland massacres
7561:Population transfer
7526:Forced displacement
7333:Jehovah's Witnesses
7242:Who Are The Guilty?
6933:The Hindustan Times
6810:Nanavati commission
6580:on 27 February 2023
6315:on 9 September 2013
6198:The Hindustan Times
6066:on 24 December 2008
5704:on 8 September 2012
5698:The Hindustan Times
5682:. 1995. p. 56.
5571:. 1988. p. 30.
5452:on 17 November 2015
5388:. Delhi: BBC News.
5282:Singh, Pav (2017).
5255:Singh, Pav (2017).
5196:Singh, Pav (2017).
5164:Singh, Pav (2017).
5132:Singh, Pav (2017).
5105:Singh, Pav (2017).
5078:Singh, Pav (2017).
5051:Singh, Pav (2017).
5024:Singh, Pav (2017).
4997:Singh, Pav (2017).
4967:Singh, Pav (2017).
4293:. 5 November 2016.
4222:Government of India
4218:Shiromani Akali Dal
3785:. 22 November 2018.
3646:on 25 November 2011
3342:The Hindustan Times
3101:. 31 December 2005.
2987:The Daily Telegraph
2781:on 17 December 2011
2519:Operation Blue Star
2348:When Big Tree Falls
2213:was inaugurated in
2177:Ontario Legislature
2175:In April 2017, the
2068:Cobrapost operation
2050:Nanavati commission
2029:New York civil case
1908:Nanavati Commission
1892:P. V. Narasimha Rao
1841:, supervised by an
1774:stay of proceedings
1591:Vilayati Ram Kaytal
1584:G. T. Nanavati
1576:Nanavati Commission
1550:Sukhdev Singh Sukha
1506:Government of India
1259:P. V. Narasimha Rao
1196:10:50: Gandhi dies.
820:Operation Blue Star
789:Anandpur Resolution
638:Operation Blue Star
399:Congress government
329:Operation Blue Star
121: /
9046:Massacres of Sikhs
9036:Massacres in India
8921:Operation Woodrose
8916:Khalistan movement
8894:Dharam Yudh Morcha
8555:Religious violence
8459:2013 Muzaffarnagar
8287:Parsi–Muslim riots
8120:2002 Gujarat riots
8044:Cambodian genocide
8038:Lebanese Civil War
7816:Soviet persecution
7653:Jerusalem massacre
7566:Sectarian violence
7551:Political violence
7156:Who Are The Guilty
6903:The Times of India
6604:The Times of India
6573:The Indian Express
6541:The Times of India
6308:The Times of India
6141:The Times of India
6090:The Indian Express
6033:The Times of India
6001:The Times of India
5976:on 7 February 2009
5485:Human Rights Watch
5426:on 1 November 2009
5340:The Indian Express
3804:The Times of India
3639:The Times of India
3584:has generic name (
3439:The Indian Express
3098:The Times of India
2468:Dharam Yudh Morcha
2342:, is based on the
2307:Konkona Sen Sharma
2221:In popular culture
2198:apologised in the
2163:In 2024, Canada's
1991:threw his shoe at
1920:P.V. Narasimha Rao
1845:answerable to the
1728:Human Rights Watch
1721:terms of reference
1650:capital punishment
1467:Who Are The Guilty
804:Khalistan movement
800:Dharam Yudh Morcha
785:Dharam Yudh Morcha
758:Dharam Yudh Morcha
618:Rape of Rawalpindi
603:Chhota Ghallughara
487:Dharam Yudh Morcha
387:Human Rights Watch
368:Khalistan movement
302:1984 Sikh massacre
18:1984 Sikh massacre
9076:Genocides in Asia
9041:Massacres in 1984
8958:
8957:
8931:Punjab insurgency
8728:Master Tara Singh
8571:
8570:
8353:1967 Ranchi-Hatia
8328:Direct Action Day
8307:Malabar rebellion
8297:1857 Bharuch riot
8234:
8233:
8174:Rohingya genocide
7902:Direct Action Day
7854:Šahovići massacre
7804:Armenian genocide
7798:Assyrian genocide
7685:(13th–15th cent.)
7679:(12th–16th cent.)
7677:Northern Crusades
7521:Forced conversion
7471:Cultural genocide
7466:Communal violence
7343:post–Cold War era
7328:Eastern Orthodoxy
7195:978-0-14-306303-2
7185:978-0-670-08394-7
7174:978-81-7436-598-9
7134:Ohio: SERF, 1999.
7125:978-0-224-02328-3
7088:Joyce Pettigrew.
7071:978-0-8122-1592-2
7039:978-0-9787073-0-9
6806:"Nanavati Report"
6548:on 11 August 2011
6148:on 11 August 2011
6123:on 11 April 2009.
5881:. 8 August 2005.
5760:. 30 April 2013.
5658:on 15 August 2010
5637:978-81-202-0541-3
5610:Ocala Star-Banner
5587:Open The Magazine
5513:"A life sentence"
5361:. The Asian Age.
5343:. 23 August 2009.
5312:. Outlook India.
5295:978-1-911271-08-6
5268:978-1-911271-08-6
5209:978-1-911271-08-6
5177:978-1-911271-08-6
5145:978-1-911271-08-6
5118:978-1-911271-08-6
5091:978-1-911271-08-6
5064:978-1-911271-08-6
5037:978-1-911271-08-6
5010:978-1-911271-08-6
4980:978-1-911271-08-6
4845:. 29 October 2014
4735:978-0-9787073-0-9
4651:978-0-9787073-0-9
4597:978-0-9787073-0-9
4511:978-0-14-306303-2
4504:. Penguin Books.
4413:978-1-107-13654-0
4329:978-0-415-45666-1
4260:978-0-87436-928-1
4071:978-1-929223-93-0
4032:978-0-495-00749-4
4006:, pp. 32–33.
3939:978-0-415-42190-4
3463:978-1-56432-130-5
3344:. 1 November 2023
3298:978-1-85065-241-0
3171:978-0-9787073-0-9
3054:Riots and Pogroms
2878:978-1-000-88575-0
2848:978-93-5328-714-6
2618:Riots and Pogroms
2579:Riots and Pogroms
2280:, is inspired by
2190:Impact and legacy
2184:Brampton, Ontario
2103:Inspector general
2034:Sikhs for Justice
1880:Madan Lal Khurana
1862:Dhillon Committee
1824:Dharamdas Shastri
1687:Marwah Commission
1631:life imprisonment
1624:Madan Lal Khurana
1589:On 8 April 1988,
1544:On 31 July 1985,
1311:Trilokpuri colony
1226:Evening and night
1181:
1180:
1173:
762:Punjab insurgency
749:
748:
547:Quebec Kirpan ban
491:Rasta Roko Morcha
356:displaced persons
294:
293:
275:
274:
16:(Redirected from
9083:
9026:Ethnic cleansing
8953:
8945:
8843:Giani Zail Singh
8662:United Akali Dal
8657:Akali Dal (1920)
8619:
8608:
8598:
8591:
8584:
8575:
8574:
8494:2018 Ambalapattu
8464:2015 Ballabhgarh
8449:2012 Azad Maidan
8282:Bombay Dog Riots
8261:
8254:
8247:
8238:
8237:
8226:
8225:
8192:2020 Delhi riots
8108:Kosheh massacres
8088:Bosnian genocide
7908:1946 Bihar riots
7571:Social cleansing
7496:Ethnic cleansing
7276:
7269:
7262:
7253:
7252:
7058:
7056:
7054:
7048:
7031:
7019:
7017:
7015:
6979:
6978:
6976:
6974:
6955:
6949:
6948:
6946:
6944:
6935:. 10 July 2018.
6925:
6919:
6918:
6916:
6914:
6894:
6888:
6887:
6885:
6883:
6874:. Archived from
6863:
6857:
6856:
6854:
6852:
6847:on 25 April 2012
6843:. Archived from
6832:
6826:
6825:
6823:
6821:
6801:
6795:
6794:
6792:
6790:
6770:
6764:
6763:
6761:
6759:
6740:
6734:
6733:
6730:City of Brampton
6722:
6716:
6715:
6713:
6711:
6696:
6690:
6689:
6678:
6672:
6671:
6669:
6667:
6652:
6646:
6645:
6643:
6641:
6626:
6620:
6619:
6617:
6615:
6596:
6590:
6589:
6587:
6585:
6564:
6558:
6557:
6555:
6553:
6544:. Archived from
6531:
6525:
6524:
6522:
6520:
6492:
6486:
6485:
6483:
6481:
6466:
6460:
6459:
6457:
6455:
6436:
6430:
6429:
6427:
6425:
6410:
6404:
6403:
6402:. 16 March 2012.
6392:
6386:
6385:
6383:
6381:
6372:. Archived from
6361:
6355:
6354:
6352:
6350:
6331:
6325:
6324:
6322:
6320:
6299:
6293:
6292:
6290:
6288:
6267:
6261:
6260:
6258:
6256:
6242:
6236:
6235:
6233:
6231:
6216:
6210:
6209:
6207:
6205:
6190:
6184:
6183:
6181:
6179:
6174:on 10 April 2013
6170:. Archived from
6164:
6158:
6157:
6155:
6153:
6144:. Archived from
6131:
6125:
6124:
6112:
6106:
6105:
6103:
6101:
6082:
6076:
6075:
6073:
6071:
6056:
6050:
6049:
6047:
6045:
6024:
6018:
6017:
6015:
6013:
5992:
5986:
5985:
5983:
5981:
5962:
5956:
5955:
5953:
5951:
5936:
5930:
5929:
5919:
5911:
5901:
5895:
5894:
5892:
5890:
5871:
5858:
5857:
5850:
5844:
5843:
5836:
5830:
5829:
5827:
5825:
5806:
5800:
5799:
5797:
5795:
5780:
5774:
5773:
5771:
5769:
5750:
5744:
5743:
5741:
5739:
5730:. 9 April 2013.
5720:
5714:
5713:
5711:
5709:
5690:
5684:
5683:
5674:
5668:
5667:
5665:
5663:
5648:
5642:
5641:
5621:
5615:
5614:
5605:
5599:
5598:
5596:
5594:
5579:
5573:
5572:
5563:
5557:
5545:
5539:
5538:
5532:
5524:
5522:
5520:
5509:
5503:
5502:
5501:
5499:
5493:
5482:
5477:Punjab in Crisis
5471:
5462:
5461:
5459:
5457:
5442:
5436:
5435:
5433:
5431:
5422:. Archived from
5411:
5402:
5401:
5399:
5397:
5381:
5375:
5374:
5372:
5370:
5350:
5344:
5332:
5326:
5325:
5323:
5321:
5306:
5300:
5299:
5279:
5273:
5272:
5252:
5246:
5245:
5243:
5241:
5236:on 10 March 2011
5220:
5214:
5213:
5193:
5182:
5181:
5161:
5150:
5149:
5129:
5123:
5122:
5102:
5096:
5095:
5075:
5069:
5068:
5048:
5042:
5041:
5021:
5015:
5014:
4994:
4985:
4984:
4964:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4950:
4935:
4929:
4928:
4926:
4924:
4909:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4898:
4884:
4878:
4877:
4875:
4873:
4861:
4855:
4854:
4852:
4850:
4839:
4833:
4832:
4830:
4828:
4808:
4799:
4798:
4790:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4776:
4761:
4755:
4754:
4752:
4750:
4744:
4727:
4716:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4692:
4677:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4666:
4660:
4643:
4632:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4612:
4606:
4589:
4578:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4567:
4548:
4542:
4541:. 1999, page 129
4535:
4529:
4528:. 2005, page xiv
4522:
4516:
4515:
4497:
4491:
4482:
4476:
4475:
4465:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4454:
4438:
4432:
4431:
4430:
4428:
4396:Sikh Nationalism
4387:
4381:
4380:
4352:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4341:
4313:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4302:
4283:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4244:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4233:
4208:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4197:
4178:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4167:
4148:
4142:
4141:
4135:
4127:
4125:
4123:
4094:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4083:
4055:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4044:
4016:
4007:
4001:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3959:
3953:
3950:
3944:
3943:
3927:
3917:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3906:
3878:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3864:
3826:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3815:
3796:
3787:
3786:
3775:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3746:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3732:
3717:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3703:
3688:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3677:
3662:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3651:
3630:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3613:
3606:
3596:
3590:
3589:
3583:
3579:
3577:
3569:
3567:
3565:
3542:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3531:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3486:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3448:
3442:
3435:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3416:on 25 April 2012
3402:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3363:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3334:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3309:
3303:
3302:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3227:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3197:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3180:
3163:
3152:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3111:
3102:
3090:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3009:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2984:
2976:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2947:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2918:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2862:
2853:
2852:
2828:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2780:
2774:. Archived from
2773:
2765:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2746:
2730:
2715:
2714:
2693:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2654:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2573:
2553:
2546:
2019:Delhi High Court
1874:Narula Committee
1764:A. K. Banerjee.
1711:Misra Commission
1701:Delhi High Court
1662:Delhi High Court
1639:Delhi Cantonment
1534:Revenge killings
1502:Sikh separatists
1295:In the morning,
1176:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1156:
1133:
1125:
1064:Misra Commission
998:
949:
881:. Following the
832:Later operations
816:president's rule
741:
734:
727:
608:Vadda Ghalughara
497:False encounters
452:
442:
427:
426:
418:Delhi High Court
265:
264:
263:
247:
246:
245:
235:
234:
233:
222:
221:
220:
210:
209:
136:
135:
133:
132:
131:
126:
122:
119:
118:
117:
114:
73:
71:
66:
52:
32:
31:
21:
9091:
9090:
9086:
9085:
9084:
9082:
9081:
9080:
8961:
8960:
8959:
8954:
8935:
8862:
8763:Amarinder Singh
8716:
8620:
8602:
8572:
8567:
8528:
8499:2019 Ponparappi
8479:2017 Saharanpur
8422:
8398:1985 Karamchedu
8311:
8270:
8265:
8235:
8230:
8220:
8214:
8150:Yazidi genocide
8056:Revival Process
7992:Thích Quảng Đức
7980:Buddhist crisis
7974:Istanbul pogrom
7842:1970–1987
7837:1958–1964
7832:1928–1941
7827:1921–1928
7822:1917–1921
7707:Goa Inquisition
7641:Battle of Tours
7631:(c.550–c. 1200)
7625:(c. 324–c. 491)
7605:
7506:Ethnic violence
7501:Ethnic conflict
7449:
7448:
7447:
7402:minority Muslim
7289:
7280:
7215:Wayback Machine
7204:
7199:
7160:Link to report.
7102:Patwant Singh.
7052:
7050:
7046:
7040:
7029:
7013:
7011:
6988:
6986:Further reading
6983:
6982:
6972:
6970:
6957:
6956:
6952:
6942:
6940:
6927:
6926:
6922:
6912:
6910:
6895:
6891:
6881:
6879:
6878:on 16 July 2011
6864:
6860:
6850:
6848:
6833:
6829:
6819:
6817:
6802:
6798:
6788:
6786:
6771:
6767:
6757:
6755:
6742:
6741:
6737:
6724:
6723:
6719:
6709:
6707:
6698:
6697:
6693:
6680:
6679:
6675:
6665:
6663:
6654:
6653:
6649:
6639:
6637:
6628:
6627:
6623:
6613:
6611:
6598:
6597:
6593:
6583:
6581:
6566:
6565:
6561:
6551:
6549:
6532:
6528:
6518:
6516:
6493:
6489:
6479:
6477:
6468:
6467:
6463:
6453:
6451:
6450:on 14 July 2014
6438:
6437:
6433:
6423:
6421:
6412:
6411:
6407:
6394:
6393:
6389:
6379:
6377:
6362:
6358:
6348:
6346:
6333:
6332:
6328:
6318:
6316:
6301:
6300:
6296:
6286:
6284:
6283:on 5 March 2011
6269:
6268:
6264:
6254:
6252:
6244:
6243:
6239:
6229:
6227:
6217:
6213:
6203:
6201:
6192:
6191:
6187:
6177:
6175:
6166:
6165:
6161:
6151:
6149:
6132:
6128:
6113:
6109:
6099:
6097:
6084:
6083:
6079:
6069:
6067:
6058:
6057:
6053:
6043:
6041:
6026:
6025:
6021:
6011:
6009:
5994:
5993:
5989:
5979:
5977:
5964:
5963:
5959:
5949:
5947:
5938:
5937:
5933:
5913:
5912:
5902:
5898:
5888:
5886:
5873:
5872:
5861:
5852:
5851:
5847:
5838:
5837:
5833:
5823:
5821:
5808:
5807:
5803:
5793:
5791:
5781:
5777:
5767:
5765:
5752:
5751:
5747:
5737:
5735:
5722:
5721:
5717:
5707:
5705:
5692:
5691:
5687:
5676:
5675:
5671:
5661:
5659:
5650:
5649:
5645:
5638:
5622:
5618:
5607:
5606:
5602:
5592:
5590:
5581:
5580:
5576:
5565:
5564:
5560:
5555:Wayback Machine
5546:
5542:
5526:
5525:
5518:
5516:
5511:
5510:
5506:
5497:
5495:
5491:
5480:
5472:
5465:
5455:
5453:
5444:
5443:
5439:
5429:
5427:
5412:
5405:
5395:
5393:
5382:
5378:
5368:
5366:
5351:
5347:
5333:
5329:
5319:
5317:
5308:
5307:
5303:
5296:
5280:
5276:
5269:
5253:
5249:
5239:
5237:
5222:
5221:
5217:
5210:
5194:
5185:
5178:
5162:
5153:
5146:
5130:
5126:
5119:
5103:
5099:
5092:
5076:
5072:
5065:
5049:
5045:
5038:
5022:
5018:
5011:
4995:
4988:
4981:
4965:
4958:
4948:
4946:
4937:
4936:
4932:
4922:
4920:
4911:
4910:
4906:
4896:
4894:
4892:thediplomat.com
4886:
4885:
4881:
4871:
4869:
4862:
4858:
4848:
4846:
4841:
4840:
4836:
4826:
4824:
4809:
4802:
4791:
4784:
4774:
4772:
4763:
4762:
4758:
4748:
4746:
4742:
4736:
4725:
4717:
4700:
4690:
4688:
4679:
4678:
4674:
4664:
4662:
4658:
4652:
4641:
4633:
4620:
4610:
4608:
4604:
4598:
4587:
4579:
4575:
4565:
4563:
4550:
4549:
4545:
4536:
4532:
4523:
4519:
4512:
4498:
4494:
4483:
4479:
4466:
4462:
4452:
4450:
4439:
4435:
4426:
4424:
4414:
4388:
4384:
4369:10.2307/2644668
4353:
4349:
4339:
4337:
4330:
4314:
4310:
4300:
4298:
4285:
4284:
4280:
4270:
4268:
4261:
4245:
4241:
4231:
4229:
4210:
4209:
4205:
4195:
4193:
4188:. 30 May 1984.
4180:
4179:
4175:
4165:
4163:
4158:. 6 June 1984.
4150:
4149:
4145:
4129:
4128:
4121:
4119:
4112:
4095:
4091:
4081:
4079:
4072:
4056:
4052:
4042:
4040:
4033:
4017:
4010:
4002:
3995:
3985:
3983:
3976:
3960:
3956:
3951:
3947:
3940:
3918:
3914:
3904:
3902:
3895:
3879:
3872:
3862:
3860:
3853:
3827:
3823:
3813:
3811:
3798:
3797:
3790:
3777:
3776:
3769:
3759:
3757:
3748:
3747:
3740:
3730:
3728:
3719:
3718:
3711:
3701:
3699:
3690:
3689:
3685:
3675:
3673:
3672:on 6 April 2013
3664:
3663:
3659:
3649:
3647:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3617:
3615:
3611:
3604:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3581:
3580:
3571:
3570:
3563:
3561:
3543:
3539:
3529:
3527:
3526:. 5 August 2023
3518:
3517:
3513:
3503:
3501:
3500:on 17 July 2010
3494:Hindustan Times
3488:
3487:
3483:
3473:
3471:
3464:
3450:
3449:
3445:
3436:
3429:
3419:
3417:
3404:
3403:
3392:
3383:
3381:
3364:
3357:
3347:
3345:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3321:
3319:
3311:
3310:
3306:
3299:
3285:
3281:
3271:
3269:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3245:
3243:
3228:
3224:
3214:
3212:
3199:
3198:
3194:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3172:
3161:
3153:
3138:
3128:
3126:
3113:
3112:
3105:
3091:
3084:
3074:
3072:
3065:
3049:
3045:
3035:
3033:
3026:
3010:
3006:
2996:
2994:
2977:
2970:
2960:
2958:
2949:
2948:
2941:
2931:
2929:
2920:
2919:
2912:
2902:
2900:
2890:
2886:
2879:
2863:
2856:
2849:
2841:. p. 109.
2839:SAGE Publishing
2829:
2820:
2810:
2808:
2798:
2794:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2757:
2744:
2742:
2731:
2718:
2708:
2694:
2681:
2671:
2669:
2656:
2655:
2648:
2638:
2636:
2629:
2613:
2609:
2599:
2597:
2590:
2574:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2556:
2547:
2543:
2538:
2513:Nellie massacre
2503:
2393:Khushwant Singh
2363:, a project of
2245:Ali Abbas Zafar
2223:
2192:
2173:
2161:
2152:
2140:
2135:
2119:
2111:
2091:
2079:sting operation
2070:
2054:Robert W. Sweet
2036:, a U.S.-based
2031:
1972:Suresh Pachouri
1941:
1904:
1876:
1864:
1855:
1853:Ahuja Committee
1816:H. K. L. Bhagat
1808:
1790:
1758:
1745:
1713:
1689:
1674:
1617:
1542:
1536:
1437:
1422:
1391:
1285:
1228:
1201:All India Radio
1186:
1177:
1166:
1160:
1157:
1146:
1134:
1123:
1110:
1090:
1037:H. K. L. Bhagat
993:
963:
950:
942:
905:
899:
867:
764:
754:
745:
459:
440:
289:
271:
261:
259:
253:
243:
241:
231:
229:
226:
218:
216:
129:
127:
125:30.77°N 75.47°E
123:
120:
115:
112:
110:
108:
107:
106:
105:
69:
67:
64:
55:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9089:
9079:
9078:
9073:
9068:
9063:
9058:
9053:
9048:
9043:
9038:
9033:
9028:
9023:
9018:
9013:
9008:
9003:
8998:
8993:
8988:
8983:
8978:
8976:1980s in Delhi
8973:
8956:
8955:
8947:Portal:Sikhism
8940:
8937:
8936:
8934:
8933:
8928:
8923:
8918:
8913:
8912:
8911:
8901:
8896:
8891:
8886:
8881:
8879:Akali movement
8876:
8870:
8868:
8864:
8863:
8861:
8860:
8858:Amritpal Singh
8855:
8850:
8845:
8840:
8835:
8830:
8825:
8820:
8815:
8810:
8805:
8800:
8795:
8793:Manmohan Singh
8790:
8785:
8780:
8775:
8770:
8765:
8760:
8755:
8750:
8745:
8740:
8735:
8730:
8724:
8722:
8718:
8717:
8715:
8714:
8709:
8704:
8699:
8694:
8689:
8684:
8679:
8674:
8669:
8664:
8659:
8654:
8649:
8644:
8639:
8634:
8628:
8626:
8622:
8621:
8601:
8600:
8593:
8586:
8578:
8569:
8568:
8566:
8565:
8562:Caste violence
8558:
8551:
8544:
8536:
8534:
8533:Related topics
8530:
8529:
8527:
8526:
8521:
8516:
8511:
8509:2020 Bangalore
8506:
8501:
8496:
8491:
8486:
8481:
8476:
8474:2016 Dhulagarh
8471:
8469:2016 Kaliachak
8466:
8461:
8456:
8451:
8446:
8444:2008 Kandhamal
8441:
8436:
8430:
8428:
8424:
8423:
8421:
8420:
8418:1994 Anti-Urdu
8415:
8410:
8408:1990 Hyderabad
8405:
8400:
8395:
8390:
8388:1984 anti-Sikh
8385:
8380:
8375:
8370:
8365:
8360:
8355:
8350:
8345:
8340:
8335:
8330:
8325:
8319:
8317:
8313:
8312:
8310:
8309:
8304:
8299:
8294:
8289:
8284:
8278:
8276:
8272:
8271:
8268:Riots in India
8264:
8263:
8256:
8249:
8241:
8232:
8231:
8219:
8216:
8215:
8213:
8212:
8206:
8201:
8195:
8189:
8183:
8177:
8176:(2016–ongoing)
8171:
8170:(2014–ongoing)
8165:
8159:
8158:(2014–ongoing)
8153:
8147:
8141:
8135:
8134:(2009–ongoing)
8129:
8128:(2004–ongoing)
8123:
8117:
8111:
8105:
8099:
8098:
8097:
8091:
8085:
8073:
8067:
8066:
8065:
8053:
8047:
8041:
8035:
8034:(1971–ongoing)
8029:
8023:
8022:
8021:
8015:
8003:
8002:
8001:
7995:
7989:
7977:
7971:
7970:(1953–ongoing)
7965:
7959:
7958:(1950–ongoing)
7953:
7952:(1949–ongoing)
7947:
7941:
7935:
7934:(1947–ongoing)
7929:
7928:(1947–ongoing)
7923:
7922:(1947–ongoing)
7917:
7911:
7905:
7899:
7896:Noakhali riots
7893:
7887:
7881:
7875:
7869:
7863:
7857:
7851:
7850:
7849:
7844:
7839:
7834:
7829:
7824:
7813:
7807:
7801:
7795:
7794:
7793:
7785:Greek genocide
7782:
7776:
7773:Adana massacre
7770:
7764:
7758:
7752:
7746:
7740:
7734:
7728:
7722:
7716:
7710:
7704:
7698:
7692:
7686:
7680:
7674:
7668:
7662:
7656:
7650:
7644:
7638:
7637:(c.184–c. 205)
7632:
7626:
7620:
7613:
7611:
7607:
7606:
7604:
7603:
7598:
7593:
7588:
7586:State religion
7583:
7578:
7573:
7568:
7563:
7558:
7553:
7548:
7543:
7538:
7533:
7528:
7523:
7518:
7513:
7508:
7503:
7498:
7493:
7491:Discrimination
7488:
7483:
7478:
7473:
7468:
7463:
7457:
7455:
7451:
7450:
7446:
7445:
7443:Zoroastrianism
7440:
7435:
7430:
7425:
7420:
7419:
7418:
7408:
7407:
7406:
7405:
7404:
7399:
7394:
7389:
7384:
7369:
7368:
7367:
7365:Untouchability
7362:
7352:
7347:
7346:
7345:
7340:
7335:
7330:
7325:
7315:
7310:
7305:
7299:
7298:
7297:
7295:
7291:
7290:
7287:discrimination
7279:
7278:
7271:
7264:
7256:
7250:
7249:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7223:
7220:Times of India
7203:
7202:External links
7200:
7198:
7197:
7187:
7177:
7162:
7152:
7142:
7135:
7128:
7114:
7107:
7100:
7095:Anurag Singh.
7093:
7086:
7074:
7059:
7038:
7020:
6997:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6981:
6980:
6965:. 8 May 2017.
6950:
6920:
6889:
6858:
6827:
6796:
6765:
6735:
6717:
6691:
6673:
6647:
6621:
6591:
6559:
6526:
6487:
6461:
6431:
6405:
6387:
6356:
6326:
6294:
6262:
6237:
6211:
6200:. 26 July 2017
6185:
6159:
6126:
6107:
6077:
6051:
6040:on 16 May 2012
6019:
6008:on 16 May 2012
5987:
5957:
5931:
5896:
5859:
5845:
5840:Justice Denied
5831:
5801:
5775:
5745:
5715:
5685:
5669:
5643:
5636:
5616:
5600:
5589:. 6 March 2019
5574:
5558:
5540:
5504:
5463:
5437:
5403:
5376:
5359:The Sikh Times
5345:
5327:
5301:
5294:
5274:
5267:
5247:
5215:
5208:
5183:
5176:
5151:
5144:
5124:
5117:
5097:
5090:
5070:
5063:
5043:
5036:
5016:
5009:
4986:
4979:
4956:
4930:
4904:
4879:
4856:
4834:
4800:
4782:
4756:
4734:
4698:
4672:
4650:
4618:
4596:
4573:
4543:
4530:
4524:McLeod, W. H.
4517:
4510:
4492:
4477:
4474:. p. 114.
4460:
4433:
4412:
4382:
4363:(3): 326–340.
4347:
4328:
4308:
4278:
4259:
4239:
4203:
4173:
4143:
4110:
4089:
4070:
4050:
4031:
4008:
3993:
3975:978-8170621270
3974:
3954:
3945:
3938:
3912:
3893:
3870:
3851:
3821:
3788:
3767:
3738:
3709:
3683:
3657:
3625:
3591:
3537:
3511:
3481:
3462:
3443:
3441:, 31 May 1996.
3427:
3390:
3355:
3329:
3304:
3297:
3279:
3253:
3222:
3192:
3170:
3136:
3103:
3082:
3064:978-0814712825
3063:
3043:
3025:978-1610695176
3024:
3004:
2968:
2939:
2910:
2884:
2877:
2854:
2847:
2818:
2792:
2755:
2716:
2707:978-1483359885
2706:
2679:
2646:
2627:
2607:
2588:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2534:
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2532:
2527:
2522:
2516:
2510:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2497:
2472:
2459:
2446:
2443:Diljit Dosanjh
2433:
2428:
2418:
2411:
2404:
2390:
2372:
2355:
2322:
2313:, is based on
2293:
2266:Pavan Malhotra
2256:
2243:, directed by
2241:Diljit Dosanjh
2222:
2219:
2215:Lutyens' Delhi
2196:Manmohan Singh
2191:
2188:
2172:
2169:
2160:
2157:
2151:
2148:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2118:
2115:
2110:
2107:
2090:
2087:
2069:
2066:
2030:
2027:
2011:Abhishek Verma
1996:P. Chidambaram
1945:Jagdish Tytler
1940:
1937:
1903:
1900:
1875:
1872:
1863:
1860:
1854:
1851:
1828:Jagdish Tytler
1807:
1804:
1789:
1786:
1757:
1754:
1744:
1741:
1717:Rangnath Misra
1712:
1709:
1688:
1685:
1673:
1672:Investigations
1670:
1616:
1613:
1538:Main article:
1535:
1532:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1431:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1405:
1402:
1395:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1366:
1359:
1332:
1329:
1322:
1318:
1307:
1300:
1293:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1255:Ram Jethmalani
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1232:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1215:
1204:
1197:
1194:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1137:
1135:
1128:
1122:
1119:
1109:
1106:
1089:
1086:
1044:Balwan Khokhar
962:
959:
940:
932:Jagdish Tytler
898:
895:
866:
863:
781:Damdami Taksal
753:
750:
747:
746:
744:
743:
736:
729:
721:
718:
717:
716:
715:
710:
705:
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695:
690:
685:
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620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
577:
576:
572:
571:
570:
569:
564:
559:
554:
552:Quebec Bill 21
549:
544:
536:
535:
534:Discrimination
531:
530:
529:
528:
517:
516:
511:
500:
499:
494:
484:
479:
466:
465:
461:
460:
453:
445:
444:
436:
435:
424:area of Delhi.
316:following the
292:
291:
286:
282:
281:
277:
276:
273:
272:
270:
269:
256:
254:
252:
251:
239:
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206:
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201:
200:
171:
167:
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159:
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148:
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138:
137:
95:Madhya Pradesh
81:
79:
75:
74:
61:
57:
56:
53:
45:
44:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9088:
9077:
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9042:
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9019:
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8944:
8938:
8932:
8929:
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8924:
8922:
8919:
8917:
8914:
8910:
8909:Wall of Truth
8907:
8906:
8905:
8902:
8900:
8897:
8895:
8892:
8890:
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8630:
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8625:Organisations
8623:
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8607:
8599:
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8543:
8542:
8538:
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8525:
8522:
8520:
8517:
8515:
8514:2021 Kawardha
8512:
8510:
8507:
8505:
8502:
8500:
8497:
8495:
8492:
8490:
8487:
8485:
8482:
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8477:
8475:
8472:
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8467:
8465:
8462:
8460:
8457:
8455:
8452:
8450:
8447:
8445:
8442:
8440:
8439:2006 Vadodara
8437:
8435:
8432:
8431:
8429:
8425:
8419:
8416:
8414:
8411:
8409:
8406:
8404:
8401:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8391:
8389:
8386:
8384:
8383:1984 Bhiwandi
8381:
8379:
8376:
8374:
8371:
8369:
8366:
8364:
8363:1970 Bhiwandi
8361:
8359:
8356:
8354:
8351:
8349:
8348:1964 Calcutta
8346:
8344:
8343:1961 Jabalpur
8341:
8339:
8336:
8334:
8333:1946 Noakhali
8331:
8329:
8326:
8324:
8321:
8320:
8318:
8314:
8308:
8305:
8303:
8300:
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8280:
8279:
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8112:
8109:
8106:
8103:
8100:
8095:
8092:
8089:
8086:
8083:
8080:
8079:
8077:
8076:Yugoslav Wars
8074:
8071:
8068:
8063:
8062:Big Excursion
8060:
8059:
8057:
8054:
8051:
8048:
8045:
8042:
8039:
8036:
8033:
8030:
8027:
8024:
8019:
8016:
8013:
8010:
8009:
8007:
8004:
7999:
7996:
7993:
7990:
7987:
7984:
7983:
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7978:
7975:
7972:
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7963:
7960:
7957:
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7933:
7930:
7927:
7924:
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7918:
7915:
7912:
7909:
7906:
7903:
7900:
7897:
7894:
7891:
7888:
7885:
7882:
7879:
7876:
7873:
7872:The Holocaust
7870:
7867:
7864:
7861:
7858:
7855:
7852:
7848:
7845:
7843:
7840:
7838:
7835:
7833:
7830:
7828:
7825:
7823:
7820:
7819:
7817:
7814:
7811:
7808:
7805:
7802:
7799:
7796:
7792:
7789:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7780:
7777:
7774:
7771:
7768:
7767:Dungan Revolt
7765:
7762:
7759:
7756:
7753:
7750:
7747:
7744:
7741:
7738:
7735:
7732:
7729:
7726:
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7714:
7711:
7708:
7705:
7702:
7699:
7696:
7693:
7690:
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7684:
7681:
7678:
7675:
7672:
7669:
7666:
7663:
7660:
7657:
7654:
7651:
7648:
7645:
7642:
7639:
7636:
7633:
7630:
7627:
7624:
7621:
7618:
7615:
7614:
7612:
7608:
7602:
7599:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7581:State atheism
7579:
7577:
7574:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7562:
7559:
7557:
7554:
7552:
7549:
7547:
7544:
7542:
7539:
7537:
7534:
7532:
7529:
7527:
7524:
7522:
7519:
7517:
7514:
7512:
7509:
7507:
7504:
7502:
7499:
7497:
7494:
7492:
7489:
7487:
7484:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7476:Deprogramming
7474:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7458:
7456:
7452:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7428:Protestantism
7426:
7424:
7421:
7417:
7414:
7413:
7412:
7409:
7403:
7400:
7398:
7395:
7393:
7390:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
7379:
7378:
7375:
7374:
7373:
7370:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7357:
7356:
7353:
7351:
7348:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7338:LDS or Mormon
7336:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7320:
7319:
7316:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7300:
7296:
7292:
7288:
7284:
7277:
7272:
7270:
7265:
7263:
7258:
7257:
7254:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7221:
7216:
7212:
7209:
7206:
7205:
7196:
7192:
7188:
7186:
7182:
7178:
7175:
7171:
7167:
7163:
7161:
7157:
7154:PUCL report "
7153:
7150:
7146:
7143:
7140:
7137:Iqbal Singh.
7136:
7133:
7129:
7126:
7122:
7119:
7115:
7112:
7109:Harnik Deol.
7108:
7105:
7101:
7098:
7094:
7091:
7087:
7084:
7081:
7080:
7075:
7072:
7068:
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7021:
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6807:
6800:
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6753:
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6701:
6695:
6687:
6683:
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6514:
6510:
6506:
6502:
6498:
6491:
6475:
6471:
6465:
6449:
6445:
6444:Patrika Group
6441:
6435:
6419:
6415:
6409:
6401:
6400:Deccan Herald
6397:
6391:
6375:
6371:
6370:Outlook India
6367:
6360:
6344:
6340:
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6314:
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5811:
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5790:
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5779:
5763:
5759:
5755:
5749:
5733:
5729:
5728:Deccan Herald
5725:
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5315:
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4787:
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4767:. New Delhi.
4766:
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4111:9780224023283
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3894:9788131708347
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3852:9780195673098
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2628:9780814712825
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2589:9781349248674
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2421:H. S. Phoolka
2419:
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2353:
2352:N.S. Madhavan
2349:
2346:short story "
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2323:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2305:and starring
2304:
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2228:
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2218:
2216:
2212:
2211:Wall of Truth
2207:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2187:
2185:
2180:
2178:
2168:
2166:
2156:
2147:
2145:
2133:United States
2130:
2128:
2124:
2114:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2003:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1993:Home Minister
1990:
1989:Jarnail Singh
1986:
1985:
1984:Dainik Jagran
1979:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1949:Indira Gandhi
1946:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1899:
1895:
1893:
1887:
1885:
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1800:
1795:
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1753:
1751:
1750:Uttar Pradesh
1740:
1736:
1731:
1729:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1708:
1706:
1705:Home Ministry
1702:
1698:
1694:
1684:
1682:
1681:Shivraj Patil
1679:
1678:Home Minister
1669:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1651:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1612:
1610:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1599:Uttar Pradesh
1596:
1592:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1564:
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1559:
1555:
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1468:
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1455:
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1445:
1440:
1429:
1424:
1423:
1415:magistrates).
1413:
1410:
1409:Hondh-Chillar
1406:
1403:
1400:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
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1252:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1210:returns from
1209:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1175:
1172:
1164:
1154:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1138:This section
1136:
1132:
1127:
1126:
1118:
1114:
1105:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1085:
1083:
1078:
1072:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1018:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1002:
996:
991:
987:
983:
980:
975:
972:
968:
958:
955:
948:
947:
939:
937:
933:
926:
923:
919:
915:
910:
904:
894:
890:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
862:
860:
856:
855:the assassins
852:
848:
847:Satwant Singh
844:
839:
837:
833:
828:
827:Golden Temple
823:
821:
817:
813:
807:
805:
801:
796:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
773:
769:
763:
759:
742:
737:
735:
730:
728:
723:
722:
720:
719:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
580:
579:
578:
574:
573:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
542:Sardarji joke
540:
539:
538:
537:
533:
532:
527:
524:
523:
522:
521:
515:
512:
510:
507:
506:
505:
504:
498:
495:
492:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
474:
473:
472:
468:
467:
463:
462:
457:
451:
447:
446:
443:
438:
437:
433:
429:
428:
425:
423:
419:
415:
410:
408:
404:
400:
396:
395:United States
392:
388:
383:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
333:Golden Temple
330:
325:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
287:
283:
278:
268:
258:
257:
255:
250:
240:
238:
228:
225:
215:
214:
212:
211:
207:
202:
199:
195:
194:acid throwing
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
172:
168:
163:
160:
158:
155:
154:
153:
149:
146:
143:
139:
134:
104:
100:
99:Uttar Pradesh
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
62:
58:
51:
46:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
8946:
8903:
8838:Gurnam Singh
8783:Gurnam Singh
8743:Swaran Singh
8738:Baldev Singh
8632:Ghadar Party
8560:
8553:
8546:
8539:
8524:2023 Manipur
8519:2021 Tripura
8489:2017 Baduria
8454:2013 Canning
8434:2002 Gujarat
8427:21st century
8393:1985 Gujarat
8387:
8358:1969 Gujarat
8316:20th century
8275:19th century
8078:(1991–2001)
8058:(1984–1989)
8049:
8018:Famen Temple
8008:(1966–1976)
7818:(1922–1991)
7787:(1913–1922)
7318:Christianity
7308:Baháʼí Faith
7218:
7165:
7148:
7138:
7131:
7117:
7116:Mark Tully.
7110:
7103:
7096:
7089:
7078:
7062:
7051:. Retrieved
7025:
7012:. Retrieved
7002:
6993:
6971:. Retrieved
6962:
6953:
6943:24 September
6941:. Retrieved
6932:
6923:
6913:24 September
6911:. Retrieved
6902:
6892:
6880:. Retrieved
6876:the original
6871:
6861:
6849:. Retrieved
6845:the original
6840:
6830:
6818:. Retrieved
6809:
6799:
6787:. Retrieved
6778:
6768:
6756:. Retrieved
6747:
6738:
6729:
6720:
6708:. Retrieved
6694:
6685:
6676:
6664:. Retrieved
6650:
6638:. Retrieved
6624:
6612:. Retrieved
6603:
6594:
6582:. Retrieved
6578:the original
6571:
6562:
6550:. Retrieved
6546:the original
6539:
6529:
6517:. Retrieved
6500:
6490:
6478:. Retrieved
6464:
6452:. Retrieved
6448:the original
6443:
6434:
6422:. Retrieved
6408:
6399:
6390:
6378:. Retrieved
6374:the original
6369:
6359:
6347:. Retrieved
6338:
6329:
6317:. Retrieved
6313:the original
6306:
6297:
6285:. Retrieved
6281:the original
6274:
6265:
6253:. Retrieved
6249:
6240:
6228:. Retrieved
6224:
6214:
6202:. Retrieved
6197:
6188:
6176:. Retrieved
6172:the original
6162:
6152:23 September
6150:. Retrieved
6146:the original
6139:
6129:
6121:the original
6110:
6100:23 September
6098:. Retrieved
6089:
6080:
6070:23 September
6068:. Retrieved
6064:the original
6054:
6044:23 September
6042:. Retrieved
6038:the original
6031:
6022:
6012:23 September
6010:. Retrieved
6006:the original
5999:
5990:
5980:23 September
5978:. Retrieved
5974:the original
5969:
5960:
5950:23 September
5948:. Retrieved
5934:
5906:
5899:
5887:. Retrieved
5848:
5839:
5834:
5824:23 September
5822:. Retrieved
5813:
5804:
5792:. Retrieved
5788:
5778:
5766:. Retrieved
5757:
5748:
5736:. Retrieved
5727:
5718:
5706:. Retrieved
5702:the original
5697:
5688:
5678:
5672:
5660:. Retrieved
5656:the original
5646:
5626:
5619:
5609:
5603:
5591:. Retrieved
5586:
5577:
5567:
5561:
5543:
5519:23 September
5517:. Retrieved
5507:
5496:, retrieved
5476:
5454:. Retrieved
5450:the original
5440:
5428:. Retrieved
5424:the original
5419:
5394:. Retrieved
5379:
5367:. Retrieved
5358:
5348:
5338:
5330:
5318:. Retrieved
5304:
5284:
5277:
5257:
5250:
5238:. Retrieved
5234:the original
5227:
5218:
5198:
5166:
5134:
5127:
5107:
5100:
5080:
5073:
5053:
5046:
5026:
5019:
4999:
4969:
4949:23 September
4947:. Retrieved
4933:
4923:23 September
4921:. Retrieved
4907:
4895:. Retrieved
4891:
4882:
4870:. Retrieved
4868:. Al Jazeera
4859:
4847:. Retrieved
4837:
4825:. Retrieved
4816:
4794:
4773:. Retrieved
4759:
4747:. Retrieved
4721:
4689:. Retrieved
4675:
4663:. Retrieved
4637:
4609:. Retrieved
4583:
4576:
4564:. Retrieved
4555:
4546:
4538:
4537:Yoo, David.
4533:
4525:
4520:
4501:
4495:
4485:
4480:
4470:
4463:
4451:. Retrieved
4436:
4425:, retrieved
4395:
4385:
4360:
4357:Asian Survey
4356:
4350:
4338:. Retrieved
4318:
4311:
4299:. Retrieved
4290:
4281:
4269:. Retrieved
4249:
4242:
4230:. Retrieved
4212:
4206:
4194:. Retrieved
4185:
4176:
4164:. Retrieved
4155:
4146:
4120:. Retrieved
4100:
4092:
4080:. Retrieved
4060:
4053:
4041:. Retrieved
4021:
3984:. Retrieved
3964:
3957:
3948:
3923:
3915:
3903:. Retrieved
3883:
3861:. Retrieved
3834:
3824:
3812:. Retrieved
3803:
3782:
3758:. Retrieved
3729:. Retrieved
3700:. Retrieved
3686:
3674:. Retrieved
3670:the original
3660:
3648:. Retrieved
3644:the original
3637:
3628:
3616:. Retrieved
3600:
3594:
3562:. Retrieved
3550:
3540:
3528:. Retrieved
3524:livemint.com
3523:
3514:
3502:. Retrieved
3498:the original
3493:
3484:
3472:. Retrieved
3452:
3446:
3438:
3418:. Retrieved
3414:the original
3382:, retrieved
3368:
3346:. Retrieved
3341:
3332:
3320:. Retrieved
3316:
3307:
3288:
3282:
3270:. Retrieved
3256:
3244:. Retrieved
3236:The Diplomat
3235:
3225:
3213:. Retrieved
3204:
3195:
3183:. Retrieved
3157:
3129:23 September
3127:. Retrieved
3118:
3096:
3073:. Retrieved
3053:
3046:
3034:. Retrieved
3014:
3007:
2995:. Retrieved
2986:
2959:. Retrieved
2930:. Retrieved
2901:. Retrieved
2897:
2887:
2867:
2833:
2809:. Retrieved
2805:
2795:
2783:. Retrieved
2776:the original
2750:
2743:. Retrieved
2711:
2697:
2670:. Retrieved
2661:
2637:. Retrieved
2617:
2610:
2598:. Retrieved
2582:. Springer.
2578:
2544:
2479:
2475:
2466:
2451:31st October
2449:
2436:
2424:
2414:
2407:
2400:
2397:Kuldip Nayar
2386:
2382:
2369:Ammtoje Mann
2358:
2340:Seema Biswas
2335:
2329:
2315:Shonali Bose
2311:Brinda Karat
2303:Shonali Bose
2296:
2274:Zoya Hussain
2270:Wamiqa Gabbi
2259:
2234:
2224:
2208:
2193:
2181:
2174:
2162:
2153:
2141:
2120:
2112:
2092:
2083:Delhi Police
2073:
2071:
2062:Sonia Gandhi
2032:
2023:Delhi Police
2004:
2000:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1957:
1942:
1933:Delhi Police
1929:Congress (I)
1925:Rajiv Gandhi
1905:
1896:
1888:
1877:
1865:
1856:
1835:Delhi Police
1832:
1820:Sajjan Kumar
1809:
1791:
1770:
1766:
1759:
1746:
1738:
1733:
1725:
1714:
1690:
1675:
1658:Sajjan Kumar
1655:
1647:
1643:Sajjan Kumar
1628:
1618:
1606:
1603:
1588:
1568:Congress (I)
1565:
1543:
1528:
1516:
1511:
1499:
1489:
1486:Delhi police
1479:
1477:
1472:
1456:
1449:
1447:
1442:
1438:
1372:set fire to
1348:Geeta Colony
1276:S. C. Tandon
1208:Rajiv Gandhi
1167:
1161:October 2017
1158:
1147:Please help
1142:verification
1139:
1115:
1111:
1102:
1098:ration lists
1091:
1074:
1069:
1052:
1041:
1031:
1027:Delhi Police
1020:
1015:
1001:Sajjan Kumar
982:Sajjan Kumar
976:
964:
956:
952:
944:
936:H K L Bhagat
928:
922:Trans-Yamuna
920:, and other
906:
891:
879:Ranjit Singh
877:by Maharaja
868:
843:assassinated
840:
824:
808:
797:
765:
613:Saka Nankana
593:Saka Sirhind
519:
518:
502:
501:
470:
469:
414:Sajjan Kumar
411:
384:
360:Human rights
349:
326:
301:
297:
295:
130:30.77; 75.47
40:Part of the
29:
8848:Beant Singh
8413:1992 Bombay
8403:1987 Meerut
8338:1957 Ramnad
8323:1927 Nagpur
8164:(2014–2017)
8152:(2014–2017)
8146:(2013–2016)
8084:(1992–1996)
8046:(1975–1979)
8040:(1975–1990)
7946:(1948–1980)
7892:(1945–1989)
7886:(1945–1989)
7880:(1941–1945)
7874:(1939–1945)
7862:(1936–1975)
7847:legislation
7812:(1917–1990)
7806:(1915–1923)
7800:(1914–1924)
7781:(1912–1913)
7769:(1862–1877)
7751:(1857–1858)
7745:(1789–1801)
7733:(1683–1922)
7727:(1673–1829)
7721:(1609–1614)
7715:(1562–1598)
7709:(1561–1812)
7703:(1526–1791)
7697:(1522–1712)
7691:(1500–1526)
7667:(1184–1908)
7665:Inquisition
7576:Segregation
7541:Intolerance
7481:Desecration
7423:Neopaganism
7416:Persecution
7377:Persecution
7360:Persecution
7323:Catholicism
6992:Pav Singh.
6630:"Bill Text"
6584:26 February
6424:4 September
5970:The Tribune
5814:The Tribune
5320:12 November
4186:The Tribune
3814:17 December
3783:India Today
3760:24 November
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3075:30 November
3036:30 November
2662:The Tribune
2639:30 November
2438:Punjab 1984
2264:, starring
2239:, starring
2150:Connecticut
2008:arms dealer
1953:Delhi Sadar
1912:Rajya Sabha
1615:Convictions
1593:a Congress
1561:Lalit Maken
1370:Lalit Maken
1272:P. G. Gavai
1212:West Bengal
1094:voter lists
1048:ration shop
992:handed out
990:Lalit Maken
986:trade-union
946:The Tribune
875:Sikh Empire
851:Beant Singh
562:Turban bans
520:Afghanistan
178:mass murder
128: /
8965:Categories
8803:Jagir Kaur
8504:2020 Delhi
8368:1974 Worli
8302:1882 Salem
7661:(643–1526)
7536:Iconoclasm
7531:Hate crime
7461:Censorship
7350:Falun Gong
7145:Paul Brass
7104:The Sikhs.
7053:4 November
6748:Rediff.com
6632:. ca.gov.
6552:4 November
6519:11 January
6349:8 November
6255:19 October
6230:19 October
6204:19 October
5794:3 November
5662:7 November
5548:mha.nic.in
5498:4 November
5430:4 November
4897:9 December
4872:9 December
4849:9 December
4827:14 October
4749:4 November
4665:4 November
4611:4 November
4427:9 December
4301:29 October
4271:14 October
4232:15 October
4156:Rediff.com
4043:14 October
4004:Karim 1991
3474:14 October
3384:4 November
3317:thewire.in
3272:23 January
3185:4 November
3119:Rediff.com
2989:. London.
2903:13 October
2811:13 October
2745:2 November
2600:15 October
2560:References
2507:Black July
2494:Gary Seven
2365:Babbu Maan
2331:Kaya Taran
2282:Satya Vyas
2249:Trilokpuri
2138:California
2046:Kamal Nath
1968:Parliament
1960:California
1693:Ved Marwah
1522:(RSS) and
1484:magazine,
1420:3 November
1389:2 November
1356:Karol Bagh
1340:Trilokpuri
1315:East Delhi
1283:1 November
1219:Zail Singh
1184:31 October
971:Zail Singh
918:Trilokpuri
914:Mangolpuri
907:After the
901:See also:
756:See also:
752:Background
422:Mahipalpur
372:Akal Takht
280:Casualties
198:immolation
190:plundering
70:1984-11-03
8548:Massacres
8012:Four Olds
7725:Test Acts
7591:Terrorism
7433:Rastafari
7382:Ahmadiyya
6779:The Hindu
6666:28 August
6509:0971-751X
6501:The Hindu
6380:3 January
6339:The Hindu
5916:cite book
5816:. India.
5789:The Hindu
5758:The Hindu
5708:29 August
4422:244442106
4132:cite book
3905:16 August
3574:cite news
3559:0971-751X
3551:The Hindu
2898:Scroll.in
2806:Scroll.in
2476:Star Trek
2474:The 2001
2461:The 2016
2399:'s book,
2344:Malayalam
2336:Chrysalis
2324:The 2004
2290:Jharkhand
2229:The 2022
2204:Khalistan
2200:Lok Sabha
2075:Cobrapost
2021:directed
2015:Polygraph
1987:reporter
1619:In 1995,
1513:or arson.
1451:Asian Age
1435:Aftermath
1336:Gurdwaras
1297:Gurdwaras
859:the other
853:. One of
812:dismissed
768:Akali Dal
575:Incidents
385:In 2011,
182:mass rape
141:Caused by
8613:politics
8228:Religion
7749:Utah War
7619:(64–313)
7596:Violence
7486:Domicide
7438:Yazidism
7355:Hinduism
7313:Buddhism
7294:By group
7211:Archived
7044:Archived
7008:Archived
6967:Archived
6963:The Wire
6937:Archived
6907:Archived
6882:10 March
6814:Archived
6783:Archived
6752:Archived
6710:20 April
6704:Archived
6660:Archived
6640:28 April
6634:Archived
6614:10 March
6608:Archived
6513:Archived
6480:22 April
6474:Archived
6418:Archived
6343:Archived
6319:27 April
6287:15 March
6250:NDTV.com
6178:10 April
6094:Archived
5944:Archived
5883:Archived
5818:Archived
5768:30 April
5762:Archived
5732:Archived
5551:Archived
5529:cite web
5489:archived
5390:Archived
5363:Archived
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4821:Archived
4775:3 August
4769:Archived
4740:Archived
4691:27 April
4685:Archived
4656:Archived
4602:Archived
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4334:Archived
4295:Archived
4265:Archived
4226:Archived
4196:9 August
4190:Archived
4166:9 August
4160:Archived
4116:Archived
4082:17 March
4076:Archived
4037:Archived
3986:17 March
3980:Archived
3899:Archived
3857:Archived
3808:Archived
3754:Archived
3725:Archived
3702:2 August
3696:Archived
3609:Archived
3468:Archived
3420:27 April
3410:IBN Live
3378:archived
3266:Archived
3240:Archived
3209:Archived
3205:NDTV.com
3176:Archived
3123:Archived
3069:Archived
3030:Archived
2991:Archived
2955:Archived
2926:Archived
2785:27 April
2739:Archived
2666:Archived
2633:Archived
2594:Archived
2501:See also
2408:I Accuse
2379:Assamese
2360:Hawayein
2127:genocide
1837:under a
1607:In 2009
1504:and the
1461:and the
1378:Gurdwara
1344:Shahdara
1290:kerosene
1193:(AIIMS).
1121:Timeline
1017:Jamadar.
941:—
897:Violence
503:Pakistan
454:Part of
432:a series
430:Part of
380:genocide
337:Amritsar
308:against
285:Death(s)
78:Location
9066:Pogroms
8721:Leaders
7982:(1963)
7739:(1700s)
7454:Methods
7411:Judaism
7397:Sunnism
7387:Shi'ism
7303:Atheism
7014:30 July
6872:Tehelka
6789:27 July
6454:11 July
5889:20 June
5738:9 April
5240:9 March
5229:Tehelka
4377:2644668
4340:29 July
4122:26 July
3863:23 July
3504:17 July
2737:. BBC.
2672:3 April
2463:Punjabi
2456:Vir Das
2381:novel,
2278:Hotstar
2231:Netflix
2171:Ontario
2058:summons
1444:polity.
1399:Pataudi
1374:Pataudi
1253:leader
1206:16:00:
1199:11:00:
1010:Sardars
988:leader
458:history
376:Sikhism
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170:Methods
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113:30°46′N
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8867:Events
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8200:(2023)
8194:(2020)
8188:(2019)
8182:(2019)
8140:(2011)
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8110:(2000)
8104:(2000)
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7775:(1909)
7763:(1864)
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6851:1 June
6820:1 June
6758:1 June
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6853:2010
6822:2010
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6668:2018
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6616:2019
6586:2023
6554:2010
6521:2018
6505:ISSN
6482:2014
6456:2014
6426:2013
6382:2013
6351:2011
6321:2012
6289:2011
6276:Sify
6257:2022
6232:2022
6206:2022
6180:2013
6154:2009
6102:2009
6072:2009
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