38:
102:
646:
150:
251:
candidate. There were independents; however, they would get elected only if the majority of voters in a multi-member electorate voted against the official list. Additionally, those who were allowed to register and run as independents had to go through an approval process, which invariably rejected any who were too oppositional. Although there was no blatant falsification like
243:, but compared to the situation five years ago, the Polish society was much more apathetic and disappointed with the government. The elections, as all the others under the communist regimes in Poland, were not free and the results of the 1961 elections are considered to be falsified, again a common occurrence of that time.
250:
where ostensibly multiple parties were present, but their involvement was tempered by mandatory membership of a "unity list" which was ever loyal to the communist hegemony. In practice, electors only had the choice to approve or disapprove the lists, rather than genuinely get to pick their preferred
946:
936:
881:
255:
or overt intimidation of voters who turned out, historiographers of Polish history invariably consider these elections to have been fraudulent - due to the above peculiarities.
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
941:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
1205:
1174:
1102:
612:
1117:
17:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1200:
1155:
634:
216:
1150:
1112:
566:
532:
500:
1210:
642:
1097:
862:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
240:
62:
52:
1215:
1195:
1160:
1145:
707:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
461:
315:
472:). However, as the other parties and "independents" were subordinate to PZPR, its control of the Sejm was total.
457:
294:
198:
181:
627:
224:
228:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
873:
620:
468:(SD), 48 independents (majority, "Social independents" and several, "Catholic independents" from the
465:
330:
114:
188:
170:
453:
287:
126:
524:
1127:
1122:
1107:
556:
1089:
654:
194:
177:
718:
8:
1137:
1051:
663:
650:
517:
469:
606:, British Journal of Political Science, Vol. 8, No. 4 (Oct., 1978), pp. 403–424,
562:
528:
496:
252:
452:
The official results were: attendance, 95%. Communist parties' list prepared by
1189:
488:
247:
558:
The spring will be ours: Poland and the Poles from occupation to freedom
239:
The 1961 elections followed the liberalized rules prepared for those in
220:
607:
597:
101:
604:
Sejm
Elections in Communist Poland: An Overview and a Reappraisal
645:
596:
Soviet
Studies, Vol. 42, No. 2 (Apr., 1990), pp. 295–315,
212:
554:
76:
456:
received 89.5% votes. 460 members were elected, 256 from
215:
on 16 April 1961. They were the third elections to the
516:
548:
246:The electoral system was very similar to that in
1187:
165:
1175:Elections in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
628:
514:
510:
508:
635:
621:
1206:Elections in the Polish People's Republic
505:
14:
1188:
555:Andrzej Paczkowski; Jane Cave (2003).
616:
523:. Columbia University Press. p.
519:God's Playground: 1795 to the present
432:
419:
406:
393:
267:
211:Parliamentary elections were held in
592:Jerzy Drygalski, Jacek Kwasniewski,
493:Elections in Europe: A data handbook
24:
586:
30:1961 Polish parliamentary election
25:
1227:
1201:Parliamentary elections in Poland
561:. Penn State Press. p. 229.
482:
644:
149:
148:
100:
36:
18:1961 Polish legislative election
13:
1:
602:George Sakwa, Martin Crouch,
475:
234:
458:Polish United Workers' Party
295:Polish United Workers' Party
7:
1211:April 1961 events in Europe
491:& Philip Stöver (2010)
446:Source: Nohlen & Stöver
225:People's Republic of Poland
10:
1232:
515:Norman Davies (May 2005).
258:
1169:
1136:
1088:
1050:
872:
717:
662:
445:
441:
433:Registered voters/turnout
428:
415:
402:
389:
372:
355:
301:
298:
286:
284:
279:
276:
273:
270:
163:
82:
73:
46:
34:
1216:1961 elections in Poland
1196:1961 elections in Europe
1138:Silesian Sejm elections
719:Parliamentary elections
454:Front of National Unity
288:Front of National Unity
664:Presidential elections
462:United People's Party
316:United People's Party
75:All 460 seats in the
594:No-Choice Elections,
264:
31:
1052:European elections
263:
195:Józef Cyrankiewicz
178:Józef Cyrankiewicz
29:
1183:
1182:
568:978-0-271-02308-3
534:978-0-231-12819-3
501:978-3-8329-5609-7
460:(PZPR), 117 from
450:
449:
268:Party or alliance
209:
208:
205:
204:
159:
158:
145:Seat change
115:Władysław Gomułka
69:
68:
16:(Redirected from
1223:
649:
648:
637:
630:
623:
614:
613:
580:
579:
577:
575:
552:
546:
545:
543:
541:
522:
512:
503:
486:
470:Znak association
466:Democratic Party
331:Democratic Party
265:
262:
229:Communist Poland
227:, and fourth in
166:
152:
151:
104:
84:
83:
48:
47:
41:
40:
39:
32:
28:
21:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1165:
1132:
1084:
1046:
874:Local elections
868:
713:
658:
643:
641:
589:
587:Further reading
584:
583:
573:
571:
569:
553:
549:
539:
537:
535:
513:
506:
487:
483:
478:
464:(ZSL), 39 from
261:
253:ballot stuffing
237:
197:
192:
180:
175:
173:before election
164:
135:Seats won
74:
42:
37:
35:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1229:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1181:
1180:
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1177:
1170:
1167:
1166:
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1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1142:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1094:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1056:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
878:
876:
870:
869:
867:
866:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
723:
721:
715:
714:
712:
711:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
668:
666:
660:
659:
640:
639:
632:
625:
617:
611:
610:
600:
588:
585:
582:
581:
567:
547:
533:
504:
480:
479:
477:
474:
448:
447:
443:
442:
440:
437:
434:
430:
429:
427:
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328:
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321:
318:
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309:
306:
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292:
290:
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275:
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269:
260:
257:
236:
233:
207:
206:
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202:
185:
161:
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146:
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117:
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108:
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98:
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71:
70:
67:
66:
60:
55:
44:
43:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1228:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
879:
877:
875:
871:
865:
864:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
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805:
803:
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795:
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790:
788:
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773:
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753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
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738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
724:
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720:
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710:
709:
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633:
631:
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619:
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591:
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570:
564:
560:
559:
551:
536:
530:
526:
521:
520:
511:
509:
502:
498:
494:
490:
489:Dieter Nohlen
485:
481:
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
444:
438:
435:
431:
425:
422:
418:
412:
409:
407:Invalid votes
405:
399:
396:
392:
388:
384:
381:
378:
375:
371:
367:
364:
361:
358:
356:Blank ballots
354:
350:
347:
344:
342:
341:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
326:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
311:
307:
304:
296:
293:
291:
289:
283:
266:
256:
254:
249:
244:
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230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
201:
200:
196:
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186:
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155:
147:
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125:
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113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
99:
96:
95:
92:
89:
86:
85:
81:
78:
72:
65: →
64:
61:
59:
58:16 April 1961
56:
54:
51:←
50:
49:
45:
33:
27:
19:
861:
771:
706:
603:
593:
572:. Retrieved
557:
550:
538:. Retrieved
518:
492:
484:
451:
345:Independents
248:East Germany
245:
238:
210:
193:
187:
176:
169:
90:First party
57:
26:
1090:Referendums
655:referendums
420:Total votes
394:Valid votes
189:New Premier
1190:Categories
1173:See also:
1156:1930 (Nov)
1151:1930 (May)
476:References
436:18,615,185
423:17,653,646
397:17,634,579
376:17,634,579
299:17,342,570
235:Background
221:parliament
127:FJN - PZPR
657:in Poland
651:Elections
495:, p1491
947:1938–39
937:1933–34
882:1916–17
359:292,009
259:Results
223:of the
171:Premier
111:Leader
97:
87:
574:3 June
565:
540:3 June
531:
499:
426:100.00
410:19,067
379:100.00
219:, the
213:Poland
123:Party
608:JSTOR
598:JSTOR
439:94.83
400:99.89
373:Total
302:98.34
277:Seats
271:Votes
1161:1935
1146:1922
1128:2023
1123:2015
1118:2003
1113:1997
1108:1996
1103:1987
1098:1946
1080:2024
1075:2019
1070:2014
1065:2009
1060:2004
1042:2024
1037:2018
1032:2014
1027:2010
1022:2006
1017:2002
1012:1998
1007:1994
1002:1990
997:1988
992:1984
987:1980
982:1976
977:1973
972:1969
967:1965
962:1961
957:1958
952:1954
942:1936
932:1929
927:1927
922:1926
917:1925
912:1924
907:1923
902:1922
897:1921
892:1920
887:1919
863:Next
857:2023
852:2019
847:2015
842:2011
837:2007
832:2005
827:2001
822:1997
817:1993
812:1991
807:1989
802:1985
797:1980
792:1976
787:1972
782:1969
777:1965
772:1961
767:1957
762:1952
757:1947
752:1938
747:1935
742:1930
737:1928
732:1922
727:1919
708:2025
702:2020
697:2015
692:2010
687:2005
682:2000
677:1995
672:1990
653:and
576:2011
563:ISBN
542:2011
529:ISBN
497:ISBN
413:0.11
362:1.66
241:1957
217:Sejm
199:PZPR
182:PZPR
138:460
77:Sejm
63:1965
53:1957
525:459
382:460
351:–15
320:117
305:256
280:+/–
231:.
1192::
527:.
507:^
385:+1
348:48
335:39
323:–1
308:17
153:1
636:e
629:t
622:v
578:.
544:.
368:–
365:–
338:0
274:%
20:)
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