89:
220:
210:
331:
2592:
33:
82:
1873:
During the congressional joint session to tabulate electoral votes on
January 6, 1961, Nixon (who presided over the session in his capacity as President of the Senate), presented both the Republican and Democratic electoral certificates. To head off the possibility of a floor objection by Democrats
1838:
ordered a partial recount to begin. A limited retabulation showed Nixon's margin over
Kennedy decreasing, and as more ballots were opened and retabulated on subsequent days, Nixon's lead shrank and eventually disappeared. By December 18, the partial recount showed Kennedy leading Nixon in the state
1830:
deadline for certification under the
Electoral Count Act. As only the Republican slate had so far been certified by the state's governor, its votes would be the only ones eligible for safe harbor status. Republicans argued that the litigation should end, since even if the recount should result in a
1822:
Despite the apparent tabulation errors, Acting
Governor Kealoha certified Nixon's 141-vote victory on November 28. Kealoha certified the result after two audits of the tabulation sheets by his office, and may have had no option other than to certify, as he lacked authority to inspect or retabulate
1782:
Early unofficial totals suggested that
Kennedy had won the state by 92 votes. However, errors in the official tabulation sheets reversed this result and instead suggested a 141-vote victory for Nixon. Democrats highlighted various apparent errors in the tabulation, including 34 precincts where the
1865:
Also on
December 19, Jamieson ordered a complete statewide recount, which concluded on December 28 and showed a Kennedy victory by 115 votes. Based on this recount, Jamieson ordered that the Democratic slate of Wilson, Heen, and Metzger be named the validly appointed presidential electors for the
1802:
officials also considered supporting the recount petition, but were internally divided and eventually declined to join it. One elector on the
Republican slate, O. P. Soares, opposed the recount petition. All three electors on the Republican slate were named as defendants, along with Republican
1774:, despite important differences, including the fact that the Hawaiian Democratic slate was certified by Governor Quinn. Even if the recounts in Hawaii succeeded in giving Nixon the state, Kennedy would have still won the presidency with 300 electoral votes to Nixon's 222.
1878:, Nixon then requested and received unanimous consent from the joint session for the Democratic certificate to be counted and the Republican certificate to be set aside, though he specified that this was being done "without the intent of establishing a precedent".
1846:. As a consequence, both the officially certified Republican slate of electors (Gavien A. Bush, J. Howard Worrall, and O. P. Soares) and an "unofficial" Democratic slate of electors (Jennie K. Wilson, William H. Heen, and Delbert E. Metzger) convened in the
1870:, a Republican, certified the Democratic slate of electors on January 4, 1961, in a letter to Administrator Floete. The state government also rushed a letter to Congress by air mail to indicate that a new certification was on its way.
1783:
number of total votes cast in the precinct was smaller than the sum of Nixon's and
Kennedy's vote totals, and other precincts where the number of total votes cast was much larger than the combined votes for Nixon and Kennedy.
1086:
1081:
2315:
820:
812:
2308:
1320:, when it voted 0.8% more Republican than the national average. This is also one of only two elections in which Hawaii's counties did not all back the same candidate, the other being
1763:
890:
885:
880:
875:
863:
858:
853:
841:
836:
831:
826:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
770:
765:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
1738:
The election, and the subsequent recount, are notable for giving rise to the first occurrence of "dueling" electoral slates in
American history since the 1887 enactment of the
2566:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
2301:
868:
846:
775:
758:
1831:
Kennedy victory, under the rules of the
Electoral Count Act Congress was required to presume that the Republican electors were the validly appointed electors for Hawaii.
1743:
512:
2611:
2531:
2496:
2571:
2476:
2436:
2536:
2526:
2521:
2501:
2616:
2451:
2366:
2486:
2481:
2356:
2576:
2541:
2446:
2421:
1269:
2561:
2511:
2491:
2466:
2456:
2441:
2431:
2416:
2396:
2371:
2361:
2351:
1835:
640:
595:
2581:
2556:
2461:
2401:
2381:
2376:
2346:
2336:
2516:
2471:
2411:
2341:
1321:
1317:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
53:
2546:
2426:
2391:
674:
2551:
2506:
2406:
496:
457:
349:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1076:
535:
1999:
2053:
1316:
This was one of only two presidential elections since statehood that Hawaii voted more Republican than the national average. The other was
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
517:
502:
488:
478:
473:
468:
463:
2025:
483:
526:
1262:
2126:
2325:
1333:
1287:
19:
340:
1842:
The recount was thus still ongoing on December 19, the day specified in U.S. law for the casting of votes by the members of the
2293:
1298:, a Democrat, by a narrow margin of 115 votes, or 0.06%, after a court-ordered recount overturned an initial result favoring
1859:
1255:
1328:
voting Republican in 1980 was not sufficient to single-handedly carry the state, while all three other counties voted for
1356:
gained control of both chambers of the territorial legislature and a large amount of local offices in the 1954 election.
1299:
1132:
1123:
1146:
1141:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
447:
1972:
1179:
219:
1523:
1491:
1306:
306:
291:
123:
118:
1067:
507:
2107:
2621:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1163:
88:
1294:
participated; the state had been admitted to the Union just over a year earlier. The islands favored Senator
2591:
2261:
1851:
1812:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1791:
1353:
1866:
state of Hawaii on December 30. Attorney General Kashiwa declined to appeal the verdict, and Governor
1798:, instead merely observing that the tabulation sheets were not consistent in various precincts. State
2210:
1827:
1759:
1324:, where the winner of each county was of the opposite party as in 1960. Unlike in the 1960 election,
1767:
1799:
1622:
1366:
1345:
1372:
2323:
1196:
2237:
The Presidential Election and Transition, 1960–1961: Brookings Lectures and Additional Papers
1594:
1376:, supported Nixon. Nixon's campaign spent $ 100,000 while Kennedy's campaign spent $ 40,000.
155:
209:
1650:
907:
1750:
suggested that the election could serve as a potential precedent to extend Vice President
8:
1755:
1739:
1678:
1349:
1310:
322:
2127:"How To Decide A Very Close Election For Presidential Electors: Part 2 | Take Care"
2282:
2270:
2184:
2156:
1977:
1922:
1855:
1352:
and held a majority in the territorial legislature between 1901 and 1955. However, the
916:
1843:
1787:
287:
149:
1847:
2274:
1867:
1336:, Hawaii's first presidential election remains the closest in the state's history.
2235:
1808:
1498:
1295:
302:
100:
1850:
and cast competing electoral votes for Nixon and Kennedy just one minute apart.
2605:
1875:
1816:
1804:
1528:
1302:
1019:
133:
106:
2106:
107 Cong. Rec. 289-290 (1961) (statement of Vice President Richard Nixon),
1771:
1329:
1795:
1973:"No, there aren't 'alternate electors' who can vote for President Trump"
2026:"The Flimsy Nixon Precedent Trump Is Seizing On to Contest Biden's Win"
1747:
1313:, as Nixon had been thought likely to win the state's electoral votes.
138:
2286:
2256:
2278:
2000:"What the 1960 Hawaii Presidential Election Meant for Bush v. Gore"
1325:
1762:" deadline, though this was ultimately not acted upon. During the
1764:
attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election
1751:
1291:
1834:
However, the following day, the presiding circuit court judge
81:
1790:
filed a recount petition on behalf of thirty members of the
1744:
2000 United States presidential election recount in Florida
2179:
2151:
2144:
1819:
also joined the suit to represent the state's interests.
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2054:"What happens when a state can't decide on its electors"
1903:
1893:
1891:
1971:
Corasaniti, Nick; Rutenberg, Jim (December 15, 2020).
1794:
in a Honolulu circuit court. Dodge did not allege any
2072:
1952:
1940:
1888:
1290:. This was the first presidential election in which
2172:
1970:
1466:1960 United States presidential election in Hawaii
25:1960 United States presidential election in Hawaii
2612:1960 United States presidential election by state
2102:
2100:
2098:
2096:
1923:"Presidential election of 1980 - Map by counties"
1826:Litigation was still ongoing on December 13, the
2603:
1754:'s challenge to the official results beyond the
278:
2205:
2203:
1811:of the state and would be required to sign any
2617:United States presidential elections in Hawaii
2093:
2048:
2046:
1854:for both slates' electoral votes were sent to
2309:
1286:was held on November 8, 1960, as part of the
1263:
2200:
2240:. Brookings Institution. 1961. p. 152.
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2043:
2316:
2302:
1436:
1270:
1256:
2326:1960 United States presidential election
2112:
1288:1960 United States presidential election
20:1960 United States presidential election
2023:
675:U.S. House of Representatives elections
2604:
2254:
2087:
1958:
1946:
1909:
1897:
2297:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1545:
1284:1960 presidential election in Hawaii
230:
13:
2324:State and district results of the
2211:"Honolulu Star-Bulletin Editorial"
1348:was traditionally dominant in the
1068:House of Representatives elections
14:
2633:
2188:. New York, NY. November 22, 1960
2160:. New York, NY. November 17, 1960
2024:Kilgore, Ed (December 29, 2020).
1860:Administrator of General Services
1807:, who at the time was serving as
2590:
329:
218:
208:
87:
80:
31:
2262:The Western Political Quarterly
2228:
1434:Robert S. Craig and Associates
1309:. The result was considered an
2248:
2017:
1992:
1964:
1915:
1768:cited as a potential precedent
1:
2257:"The 1960 Election in Hawaii"
1881:
1385:
1339:
1813:certificate of ascertainment
1549:
224:State House District Results
7:
1770:by supporters of President
1733:
1359:
10:
2638:
2180:"Recount Sought in Hawaii"
1792:Democratic Party of Hawaii
1777:
1458:
1379:
1354:Democratic Party of Hawaii
17:
2588:
2332:
2215:Archives.starbulletin.com
1823:the actual ballots cast.
1786:On November 22, attorney
1568:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1552:
1470:
1465:
283:President before election
276:
204:
72:
64:
41:
29:
2152:"Nixon Victor in Hawaii"
1133:House of Representatives
2255:Tuttle, Daniel (1961).
1874:such as Representative
1367:The Honolulu Advertiser
1346:Hawaii Republican Party
917:Gubernatorial elections
1373:Honolulu Star-Bulletin
1364:The major newspapers,
448:Presidential primaries
350:Presidential elections
2622:1960 Hawaii elections
527:U.S. Senate elections
156:Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.
1927:Geoelections.free.fr
1803:Lieutenant Governor
1437:October 17–19, 1960
1124:Hawaiian Kingdom era
162:Electoral vote
1815:. Attorney General
1766:, the election was
1756:Electoral Count Act
1740:Electoral Count Act
1350:Territory of Hawaii
323:Elections in Hawaii
26:
2271:University of Utah
2185:The New York Times
2157:The New York Times
2060:. October 26, 2020
1978:The New York Times
1912:, p. 331-338.
1856:Franklin G. Floete
1836:Ronald B. Jamieson
341:Federal government
175:Popular vote
145:Running mate
24:
2599:
2598:
1844:electoral college
1788:Robert Gray Dodge
1731:
1730:
1569:Total votes cast
1546:Results by county
1543:
1542:
1456:
1455:
1424:
1413:
1280:
1279:
1245:
1244:
1205:Mayoral elections
1187:
1186:
1154:
1153:
1114:
1113:
898:
897:
317:
316:
313:
312:
298:Elected President
288:Dwight Eisenhower
270:
269:
200:
199:
150:Lyndon B. Johnson
60:
59:
2629:
2594:
2318:
2311:
2304:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2242:
2241:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2207:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2131:Takecareblog.com
2123:
2110:
2104:
2091:
2085:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2050:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2004:Pointoforder.com
1996:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1919:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1895:
1868:William F. Quinn
1800:Republican Party
1746:, Congresswoman
1550:
1483:Electoral votes
1463:
1462:
1423:
1420:
1412:
1409:
1384:
1383:
1272:
1265:
1258:
1202:
1201:
1169:
1168:
1129:
1128:
1020:Senate elections
913:
912:
908:State government
499:
460:
346:
345:
333:
332:
319:
318:
279:
261:
248:
242:
231:
225:
222:
215:
212:
130:Home state
91:
84:
74:
73:
49:November 8, 1960
43:
42:
36:
35:
34:
27:
23:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2586:
2328:
2322:
2251:
2246:
2245:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2219:
2217:
2209:
2208:
2201:
2191:
2189:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2163:
2161:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2135:
2133:
2125:
2124:
2113:
2105:
2094:
2086:
2073:
2063:
2061:
2052:
2051:
2044:
2034:
2032:
2022:
2018:
2008:
2006:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1983:
1981:
1969:
1965:
1957:
1953:
1945:
1941:
1931:
1929:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1908:
1904:
1896:
1889:
1884:
1809:acting governor
1780:
1736:
1562:
1557:
1556:John F. Kennedy
1548:
1499:John F. Kennedy
1461:
1428:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1382:
1362:
1342:
1296:John F. Kennedy
1276:
1247:
1246:
1199:
1189:
1188:
1166:
1164:Ballot measures
1156:
1155:
1126:
1116:
1115:
910:
900:
899:
495:
456:
343:
330:
305:
303:John F. Kennedy
300:
290:
285:
277:
272:
271:
263:
259:
250:
246:
244:
240:
227:
226:
223:
216:
213:
205:
101:John F. Kennedy
37:
32:
30:
22:
12:
11:
5:
2635:
2625:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2597:
2596:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2532:South Carolina
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2497:North Carolina
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2321:
2320:
2313:
2306:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2279:10.2307/443854
2250:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2227:
2199:
2171:
2143:
2111:
2092:
2090:, p. 337.
2071:
2042:
2016:
1991:
1963:
1961:, p. 333.
1951:
1949:, p. 336.
1939:
1914:
1902:
1900:, p. 331.
1886:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1848:ʻIolani Palace
1779:
1776:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1719:
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1713:
1710:
1707:
1703:
1702:
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1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
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1631:
1628:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1571:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1495:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1468:
1467:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1414:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1381:
1378:
1361:
1358:
1341:
1338:
1300:Vice President
1278:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1267:
1260:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1207:
1206:
1200:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1174:
1173:
1167:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1144:
1136:
1135:
1127:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1071:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1023:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
920:
919:
911:
906:
905:
902:
901:
896:
895:
894:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
872:
871:
861:
856:
851:
850:
849:
839:
834:
829:
824:
817:
816:
815:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
779:
778:
768:
763:
762:
761:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
678:
677:
671:
670:
669:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
530:
529:
523:
522:
521:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
492:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
451:
450:
444:
443:
442:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
353:
352:
344:
339:
338:
335:
334:
326:
325:
315:
314:
311:
310:
295:
274:
273:
268:
267:
258:
251:
245:
239:
229:
228:
217:
214:County Results
207:
206:
202:
201:
198:
197:
194:
189:
185:
184:
181:
176:
172:
171:
168:
163:
159:
158:
153:
146:
142:
141:
136:
131:
127:
126:
121:
116:
112:
111:
109:
104:
97:
93:
92:
85:
78:
70:
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18:Main article:
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2572:West Virginia
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2477:New Hampshire
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2020:
2005:
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1995:
1980:
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1960:
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1948:
1943:
1932:September 25,
1928:
1924:
1918:
1911:
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1887:
1879:
1877:
1876:Daniel Inouye
1871:
1869:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1840:
1839:by 55 votes.
1837:
1832:
1829:
1824:
1820:
1818:
1817:Shiro Kashiwa
1814:
1810:
1806:
1805:James Kealoha
1801:
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1742:. During the
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1561:Richard Nixon
1551:
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1529:Richard Nixon
1527:
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1335:
1332:. Even as of
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1303:Richard Nixon
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137:
135:
134:Massachusetts
132:
129:
128:
125:
122:
120:
117:
114:
113:
110:
108:
107:Richard Nixon
105:
103:
102:
98:
95:
94:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76:
75:
71:
67:
63:
56: →
55:
52:
50:
47:
45:
44:
40:
28:
21:
16:
2537:South Dakota
2527:Rhode Island
2522:Pennsylvania
2502:North Dakota
2386:
2266:
2260:
2236:
2230:
2218:. Retrieved
2214:
2190:. Retrieved
2183:
2174:
2162:. Retrieved
2155:
2146:
2134:. Retrieved
2130:
2062:. Retrieved
2058:Rollcall.com
2057:
2033:. Retrieved
2029:
2019:
2007:. Retrieved
2003:
1994:
1982:. Retrieved
1976:
1966:
1954:
1942:
1930:. Retrieved
1926:
1917:
1905:
1872:
1864:
1852:Certificates
1841:
1833:
1825:
1821:
1785:
1781:
1772:Donald Trump
1737:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1497:
1490:
1444:
1387:Poll source
1371:
1365:
1363:
1343:
1330:Jimmy Carter
1315:
1283:
1281:
358:
301:
297:
286:
282:
264:
262: 50–60%
254:
253:
249: 60–70%
243: 50–60%
235:
234:
191:
178:
165:
148:
99:
48:
15:
2452:Mississippi
2367:Connecticut
2249:Works cited
2220:January 16,
2192:January 15,
2164:January 15,
2136:January 16,
2088:Tuttle 1961
2064:January 16,
2035:January 16,
2009:January 16,
1984:January 16,
1959:Tuttle 1961
1947:Tuttle 1961
1910:Tuttle 1961
1898:Tuttle 1961
1828:safe harbor
1796:voter fraud
1760:safe harbor
1563:Republican
1558:Democratic
1480:Percentage
1180:Amendment 2
188:Percentage
2606:Categories
2567:Washington
2487:New Mexico
2482:New Jersey
2357:California
2273:: 331–38.
1882:References
1748:Patsy Mink
1524:Republican
1492:Democratic
1474:Candidate
1429:Undecided
1422:Republican
1411:Democratic
1340:Background
1307:Republican
497:Republican
458:Democratic
307:Democratic
292:Republican
139:California
124:Republican
119:Democratic
2577:Wisconsin
2542:Tennessee
2447:Minnesota
2422:Louisiana
2030:Nymag.com
1402:of error
2562:Virginia
2512:Oklahoma
2492:New York
2467:Nebraska
2457:Missouri
2442:Michigan
2432:Maryland
2417:Kentucky
2397:Illinois
2372:Delaware
2362:Colorado
2352:Arkansas
1734:Analysis
1727:184,705
1645:134,456
1623:Honolulu
1360:Campaign
1326:Honolulu
1197:Honolulu
96:Nominee
2582:Wyoming
2557:Vermont
2462:Montana
2402:Indiana
2382:Georgia
2377:Florida
2347:Arizona
2337:Alabama
1778:Recount
1752:Al Gore
1701:16,150
1698:-9.58%
1695:-1,546
1692:54.79%
1686:45.21%
1673:10,291
1670:-9.90%
1667:-1,019
1664:54.95%
1658:45.05%
1636:48.75%
1633:65,541
1630:51.25%
1627:68,915
1617:23,808
1614:-2.92%
1608:51.46%
1605:12,251
1602:48.54%
1599:11,557
1566:Margin
1553:County
1536:49.97%
1533:92,295
1459:Results
1427:Other /
1416:Richard
1407:Kennedy
1405:John F.
1390:Date(s)
1380:Polling
1218:2010 sp
641:2014 sp
596:1990 sp
236:Kennedy
196:49.97%
183:92,295
77:
65:Turnout
2517:Oregon
2472:Nevada
2412:Kansas
2387:Hawaii
2342:Alaska
2287:443854
2285:
1858:, the
1718:49.97%
1715:92,295
1712:50.03%
1709:92,410
1706:Totals
1689:8,848
1683:7,302
1661:5,655
1655:4,636
1642:2.50%
1639:3,374
1595:Hawaii
1510:50.03%
1505:92,410
1477:Votes
1471:Party
1400:Margin
1395:Sample
1292:Hawaii
869:1st sp
847:1st sp
821:2nd sp
819:2003 (
813:2nd sp
776:2nd sp
759:1st sp
265:
260:
247:
241:
192:50.03%
179:92,410
115:Party
2547:Texas
2427:Maine
2392:Idaho
2283:JSTOR
2269:(1).
1724:0.06%
1651:Kauai
1611:-694
1418:Nixon
1397:size
1311:upset
255:Nixon
68:93.6%
2552:Utah
2507:Ohio
2407:Iowa
2222:2022
2194:2022
2166:2022
2138:2022
2108:link
2066:2022
2037:2022
2011:2022
1986:2022
1934:2021
1758:'s "
1679:Maui
1452:28%
1449:35%
1370:and
1344:The
1334:2020
1322:1980
1318:1972
1305:, a
1282:The
1238:2024
1233:2020
1228:2016
1223:2012
1213:2008
1172:1998
1147:1886
1142:1884
1107:2024
1102:2022
1097:2020
1092:2018
1087:2016
1082:2014
1077:2012
1059:2024
1054:2022
1049:2020
1044:2018
1039:2016
1034:2014
1029:2012
1011:2026
1006:2022
1001:2018
996:2014
991:2010
986:2006
981:2002
976:1998
971:1994
966:1990
961:1986
956:1982
951:1978
946:1974
941:1970
936:1966
931:1962
926:1959
891:2024
886:2022
881:2020
876:2018
864:2016
859:2014
854:2012
842:2010
837:2008
832:2006
827:2004
808:2002
803:2000
798:1998
793:1996
788:1994
783:1992
771:1990
766:1988
754:1986
749:1984
744:1982
739:1980
734:1978
729:1976
724:1974
719:1972
714:1970
709:1968
704:1966
699:1964
694:1962
689:1960
684:1959
666:2028
661:2024
656:2022
651:2018
646:2016
636:2012
631:2010
626:2006
621:2004
616:2000
611:1998
606:1994
601:1992
591:1990
586:1988
581:1986
576:1982
571:1980
566:1976
561:1974
556:1970
551:1968
546:1964
541:1962
536:1959
518:2024
513:2016
508:2012
503:2008
489:2024
484:2020
479:2016
474:2008
469:2004
464:2000
439:2024
434:2020
429:2016
424:2012
419:2008
414:2004
409:2000
404:1996
399:1992
394:1988
389:1984
384:1980
379:1976
374:1972
369:1968
364:1964
359:1960
54:1964
2275:doi
1721:115
1445:37%
2608::
2281:.
2267:14
2265:.
2259:.
2213:.
2202:^
2182:.
2154:.
2129:.
2114:^
2095:^
2074:^
2056:.
2045:^
2028:.
2002:.
1975:.
1925:.
1890:^
1862:.
1589:%
1586:#
1583:%
1580:#
1577:%
1574:#
1539:0
170:0
2317:e
2310:t
2303:v
2289:.
2277::
2224:.
2196:.
2168:.
2140:.
2068:.
2039:.
2013:.
1988:.
1936:.
1515:3
1271:e
1264:t
1257:v
823:)
166:3
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