Bengali language movement

2496:

language. East Bengal Provincial Education Department Secretary Fazle Ahmad Karim Fazli was one of the main initiators of the effort to introduce the Arabic alphabet in Bengal. Both Karim Fazli and Fazlur Rahman established a society called 'Hurful Qur'an Samity' with a Maulana named Zulfikar Ali of Chittagong and tried to form a movement to introduce Arabic letters in Bengal through him. Abdul Hakim, the former director of the East-Bengal Education Department said; "Some funny legends are heard in Dhaka about a Bengali Wazir Sahib's own knowledge of Urdu. He wanted to fulfill his ardent desire to beautify the in order to be admired by the all-powerful Urdu Mahal of the Centre. For this purpose, a sum of Rs. 35,000 per annum for the publication of books was arranged to hand over the central sanction to the aforesaid Provincial Education Secretary.” In response,

2886:

English as the state language in order to continue the imperialist and feudal system of exploitation while keeping the various linguistic communities of Pak-India backward. The League government also adopted English as the state language for the same purpose; has kept and wants to make the only child the state language. Making one language the state language will leave the various linguistic communities of Pakistan backward and will hinder the overall development of Pakistan. Therefore, all the Bengali, Punjabi, Pathan, Siddhi, Belche, Urdu speaking nations of Pakistan should come together in the movement to give equal status to the different languages of Pakistan and make them the state language."

3266: 1334: 6095: 45: 3115:. On the first anniversary of the protests, people across East Bengal wore black badges in solidarity with the victims. Most offices, banks and educational institutions were closed to observe the occasion. Student groups made agreements with college and police officials to preserve law and order. More than 100,000 people assembled at a public meeting held in Dhaka, where community leaders called for the immediate release of Maulana Bhashani and other political prisoners. However, Pakistani politicians such as 327: 3096: 2797: 2557: 6077: 2805: 2678: 2033: 1265: 497: 458: 446: 434: 422: 410: 398: 386: 2720: 3225: 315: 2352: 5782: 2632:. Continuing strikes were observed the following four days. Under such circumstances, the chief minister Nazimuddin signed an accord with the student leaders agreeing to some terms and conditions, without complying to the demand that Bengali be made a state language. On 6 April 1948, in East Bengal Assembly resolution was passed making Bengali an official language of the province by Nazimuddin led Muslim League government. 3008: 2756:

favour of Urdu instead of Arabic as state language. These proposals to make Arabic the state language did not gain much support in any part of Pakistan. However, according to Badruddin Umar, as this demand was related to the question of development of Islamic culture, it indirectly supported the demand of the introduction of Arabic script in Bengali language to some extent in some groups.

3080: 2509: 3379:. Hamidur Rahman's model consisted of a large complex in the yard of the Dhaka Medical College Hostel. The design included a half-circular column symbolising a mother with her martyred sons standing at the dais in the centre of the monument. Although the imposition of martial law in 1958 interrupted the work, the monument was completed and inaugurated on 21 February 1963 by 3240:. Despite forming the majority of the national population, the East Pakistani population continued to be under-represented in the civil and military services, and received a minority of state funding and other government help. Due to regional economic, social, and political imbalances, sectional divisions grew, and the Bengali ethnic nationalist Awami League invoked the 4880:"Banglake Pakistaner Onnotomo Rashtrabhasa Korar Jonno Purbobongo Babostha Porishoder Shoparesh. Shukrobar Shohorer Obosthar Aaro Obonoti: Shorkar Kortrik Shamorik Bahini Tolob. Police O Shenader Gulite Charjon Nihoto O Shotadhik Ahoto : Shatghontar Jonno Curfew Jari. Shohidder Smritir Proti Sroddha Gyaponarthay Shotosfurto Hartal Palan". 4686:

English, but he also believed that: "The day Arabic becomes the state language of Pakistan, the creation of the state of Pakistan becomes justified." 84. (Badruddin Umar, Purbo Banglar Bhasha Andolon o Tatkalin Rajniti (Language Movement & Contemporary Politics in East Bengal), Vol 1, Maula Brothers, Dhaka 1970, pp. 180, 256-9, 272.)

161: 3312:, as well as plays, works of art and poetry played a considerable role in rousing the people's emotions during the movement. Since the events of February 1952, poems, songs, novels, plays, films, cartoons, and paintings were created to capture the movement from the varied point of views. Notable artistic depictions include the poems 2731:

Language Association, approved a draft memorandum to be submitted to the Assembly, where it was requested to government for Arabic to be made the state language of Pakistan and for the provision of 'Darse Koran' or Quran teaching in various centers and mosques of the city. On January 18, 1950, some students of

2403:, made up 44 million of the newly formed Dominion of Pakistan's 69 million people. The Dominion of Pakistan's government, civil services, and military, however, were dominated by personnel from the western wing of the Dominion of Pakistan. In November 1947, a key resolution at a national education summit in 75: 4685:

While Fazlur Rahman (1905-1966), a Central Minister from East Bengal, proposed that Bengali be written in Arabic script for the sake of Islamization of the language, Dr Muhammad Shahidullah (1884- 1969), renowned Bengali scholar and a linguist, believed that Bengalis could learn Urdu as they learned

2978:

and condemned the actions of the police. More than 30,000 people congregated at Curzon Hall in Dhaka. During the continued protests, police actions led to the death of four more people. This prompted officers and clerks from different organisations, including colleges, banks and the radio station, to

2860:

dated February 11, they circulated a cyclostyled manifesto on February 20, which read, "Respond to the call of the All-Union State Language Working Committee. Do strike, hartal, meeting and march across the province on 21st February to demand Bengali as one of the national languages with equal status

2710:

of the University of Dhaka on 24 March. At both meetings, Jinnah was interrupted by large segments of the audience. He later called a meeting of a state language committee of action, and overruled the contract that was signed by Khawaja Nazimuddin with the student leaders. Before Jinnah left Dhaka on

3070:

of Pakistan considered Urdu a product of Indian Islamic culture, but saw Bengali as a part of "Hinduized" Bengali culture. Most stood by the "Urdu only" policy because they believed that only a single language, one that was not indigenous to Pakistan, should serve as the national language. This kind

2899:

shells towards the gate to warn the students. A section of students ran into the Dhaka Medical College while others rallied towards the university premises cordoned by the police. The vice-chancellor asked police to stop firing and ordered the students to leave the area. However, the police arrested

2783:

At 1949, Language Committee of the East-Bengal Government conducted a survey among teachers, intellectuals, high civil servants, members of the Legislative Council, according to which, out of 301 respondents, 96 favoured the introduction of the Arabic script, 18 the Roman script and 187 gave opinion

3163:

Following the return of the United Front to power, the anniversary on 21 February 1956 was observed for the first time in a peaceful atmosphere. The Government supported a major project to construct a new Shaheed Minar. The session of the constituent assembly was stopped for five minutes to express

3144:

condemned any proposal to grant official status to Bengali. He led a rally of 100,000 people to protest against the Muslim League's decision. Consequently, the implementation failed and the United Front won a vast majority of seats in the legislative assembly, while the representation of the Muslim

2755:

said, if Arabic is made the state language of Pakistan, common communication will be established between the Muslims of the Arab world, North Africa and Indonesia. On February 10, 1951, the Secretary of the Pakistan Buddhist League, Rabindranath Burmi, issued a statement opposing these proposals in

2161:

and other political activists defied the law and organised a protest on 21 February 1952. The movement reached its climax when police killed student demonstrators on that day. The deaths provoked widespread civil unrest. After years of conflict, the central government relented and granted official

3119:

aggravated sectional tensions by declaring that anyone who wanted Bengali to become an official language would be considered an "enemy of the state". Bengali students and civilians disobeyed the restrictions to celebrate the anniversary of the protests. Demonstrations broke out on the night of 21

3044:

responsible for encouraging the disorder and student unrest. The families of Abul Barkat and Rafiq Uddin Ahmed tried to charge the police with murder, but the charges were dismissed by the police. On 8 April government report on the incidents failed to show any particular justification for police

2885:

speakers etc. have to be given the right to get education in their own mother tongue and conduct government affairs; We want to make Bengali language one of the national languages. Instead of English, Urdu, Bengali - the movement to give equal status to all languages in the state. English made

2495:

campaigned for the implementation of Bengali language written in Arabic script (Bengali language with the "Hurful Qur'an"). At the Nikhil Pakistan Teachers' Conference held in Karachi on 29 December 1948, Fazlur Rahman proposed to write Bengali in Arabic script for the sake of Islamization of the

3057:

in many of the Bengalis of East Bengal and later East Pakistan, it also heightened the cultural animosity between the authorities of the two wings of Pakistan. In the western wing of the Dominion of Pakistan, the movement was seen as a sectional uprising against Pakistani national interests. The

2730:

believed that Bengalis could learn Urdu at the same time as learning English, he also believed that: "When Arabic becomes the state language of Pakistan, the creation of the state of Pakistan will be justified." Therefore, in December 1949, he assumed the presidency of the East Pakistan Arabic

2644:

visited East Pakistan. On November 27, he addressed a student meeting at the playground of Dhaka University. In that meeting, the demand for Bengali language in the certificate issued by the Dhaka University Central Student Union was again raised, but he refrained from making any comments. In a

2591:

and other colleges of the city organised a general strike on 11 March 1948 to protest the omission of Bengali language from official use, including coins, stamps and recruitment tests for the navy. The movement restated the demand that Bengali be declared an official language of the Dominion of

2894:

At nine o'clock in the morning, students began gathering on the University of Dhaka premises in defiance of Section 144. The university vice-chancellor and other officials were present as armed police surrounded the campus. By a quarter past eleven, students gathered at the university gate and

2452: 2845:

According to the earlier decision, students of Dhaka University and other educational institutions gathered at Dhaka University premises on February 4. The rally protested the proposal to write Bengali in Arabic script and demanded Bengali as the state language. The students took out a huge

2423:

made extensive preparations to make Urdu the only state language of the Dominion of Pakistan. Public outrage spread, and many Bengali students met on the University of Dhaka campus on 8 December 1947 to formally demand that Bengali be made an official language. To promote their cause, Bengali

2948:

circulated a cyclostyled manifesto entitled "To build a united East Bengal Tumdal United Movement against the barbaric killings of the tyrant Nurul Amin Sarkar", calling on all institutions and the multi-lingual public of Pakistan, regardless of party affiliation. Support is invited for the

3185:

raised the language related clauses of the constitution in Parliament. According to the clauses, Bengali language was given equal recognition as state language like Urdu. In Parliament and the Legislative Assembly, besides Urdu and English, there was an opportunity to speak in Bengali. The

3172:

With the defeat of the Muslim League in the East Bengal assembly elections, the central government became flexible in recognising Bengali as the state language of Pakistan along with Urdu. At least a few thousand people protested in the National Assembly on April 22 against the decision.

2706:" to divide Pakistani Muslims. Jinnah further declared that "Urdu, and only Urdu" embodied the spirit of Muslim nations and would remain as the state language, labelling those who disagreed with his views as "Enemies of Pakistan". Jinnah delivered a similar speech at 2925:. The Government reported that 29 people died in that day. As the news of the killings spread, disorder erupted across the city. Shops, offices and public transport were shut down and a general strike began. At the assembly, six legislators including 3071:

of thinking also provoked considerable opposition in the western wing, wherein there existed several linguistic groups. As late as in 1967, military dictator Ayub Khan said, "East Bengal is ... still under considerable Hindu culture and influence."

2787:

The committee produced its report by 6 December 1950; but it was not published before 1958. Here an effective measure was proposed by the government to solve the language problem, where they recommended writing Bengali through Arabic characters.

3193:

made attempts to re-establish Urdu as the sole national language. On 6 January 1959, the military regime issued an official statement and reinstated the official stance of supporting the 1956 constitution's policy of two state languages.

4316: 3176:

On 7 May 1954, the constituent assembly resolved, with the Muslim League's support, to grant official status to Bengali. Bengali was adopted as an official language of Pakistan along with Urdu in the article 214(1) when the first

3159:

cancelled the government and started Governor's rule on 30 May 1954. The United Front again formed the ministry on 6 June 1955 after the governor's regime ended. The Awami League did not participate in this ministry though.

89:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge. 57: 2101:

When the Dominion of Pakistan was formed after the separation of the Indian subcontinent in 1947 when the British left, it was composed of various ethnic and linguistic groups, with the geographically non-contiguous

2904:

and blocked the legislators' way, asking them to present their insistence at the assembly. When a group of students sought to storm into the building, police opened fire and killed a number of students, including

2318:

around 1000 CE and developed considerably with a rich literature, history and cultural identity. Unlike many other Indic Languages, Bengali got patronage from the States and Empires in the Middle Ages. During the

2837:

was vehemently opposed at the meeting. The action committee called for an all out protest on 21 February, including strikes and rallies. In an attempt to prevent the demonstration, the government imposed

3140:, resolved to give official recognition to Bengali. This decision was followed by a major wave of unrest as other ethnic groups sought recognition of other regional languages. Proponents of Urdu such as 4001: 3280:

The Language Movement had a major cultural impact on Bengali society. It has inspired the development and celebration of the Bengali language, literature and culture. 21 February, celebrated as

2530:

Abul Fazl Muhammad Akhtar-ud-Din supported the Roman alphabet in his article entitled "Bangla Bornomalar Poribortton" (বাংলা বর্ণমালার পরিবর্ত্তন, Changes in the Bengali Alphabet) published in

3136:

and the Awami League—wanted greater provincial autonomy. Several United Front leaders and activists were arrested. A meeting of parliament's Muslim League members, chaired by prime minister

2165:

The Language Movement catalysed the assertion of Bengali national identity in East Bengal and later East Pakistan, and became a forerunner to Bengali nationalist movements, including the

2415:, a Bengali Islamic cultural organisation. The meeting stipulated Bengali as an official language of the Dominion of Pakistan and as a medium of education in East Bengal. However, the 2765: 2527:

and Nazirul Islam Mohammad Sufian, supported the idea of writing Bengali in Roman script. In 1948, Mohammad Ferdous Khan opposed it in his pamphlet "The language problem of today".

7649: 2323:, the modern Bengali literature developed its stronghold. Bengalis irrespective of religious identity used Bengali language. Supporters of Bengali opposed Urdu even before the 2500:

opposed the proposal, fearing further complications, and advocated making Bengali unchanged as the state language of East Bengal and one of the state languages of Pakistan.

5505: 2537:

The romanisation proposal continued on even after 1952. In 1957, the East Pakistan Education Commission recommended the use of the revised Roman script in adult education.

7889: 7814: 2849:

On February 11, 1952, a long circular (No. 10) titled 'Rashtra Bhashar Andolan' was promoted to the Secretariat of the Bengali Provincial Organizing Committee before the

2628:. The rally changed its direction and moved in the direction of the Secretariat building. Police attacked the procession injuring several students and leaders, including 3870:

Glassie, Henry and Mahmud, Feroz.2008.Living Traditions. Cultural Survey of Bangladesh Series-II. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Dhaka. International Mother Language Day

3383:'s mother, Hasina Begum. Pakistani forces demolished the monument during the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971, but the Bangladeshi government reconstructed it in 1973. 3029:. Inaugurated by the father of the slain activist Sofiur Rahman, the monument was destroyed on 26 February by police. On 25 February, industrial workers in the town of 2523:

was also proposed along with other proposals regarding the determination of the state language of Pakistan. After 1947, many other East Pakistani academics, including

2094:

to allow its use in government affairs, the continuation of its use as a medium of education, its use in media, currency and stamps, and to maintain its writing in the

7771: 5749: 5654: 5662: 4817:"Dhaka Medical College Hostel Prangone Chatro Shomabesher Upor Policer Guliborshon. Bishwabidyalayer Tinjon Chatroshoho Char Bekti Nihoto O Shotero Bekti Ahoto". 3164:

condolence for the students slain in the police shootings. Major rallies were organised by Bengali leaders and all public offices and businesses remained closed.

7736: 7556: 2937:

visit wounded students in hospital and that the assembly be adjourned as a sign of mourning. This motion was supported by some treasury bench members including

7761: 7541: 6806: 3128:

Political tensions came to a held as elections to the provincial assembly of East Bengal were held in 1954. The ruling Muslim League denounced the opposition

7809: 2856:

In accordance with the principles and lines of the State Language Movement laid down in Party Circular No. 10 of the East Bengal Organizing Committee of the

7731: 6027: 3041: 2945: 2431:

said if Urdu became the state language, the educated society of East Bengal would become 'illiterate' and 'ineligible' for government positions. The first

7804: 6065: 5711: 7829: 2407:

advocated Urdu and English as the sole state languages. Opposition and protests arose immediately. Students from Dhaka rallied under the leadership of

7583: 6043: 2861:

for all languages.” This brief manifesto calls for, “English shall no longer be the official language; Want equality of all languages of Pakistan;

2435:(National Language Action Committee), an organisation in favour of Bengali as a state language was formed towards the end of December 1947. Professor 7819: 4870:পূর্ব বাংলার ভাষা আন্দোলন ও তৎকালীন রাজনীতি, (East Bengal language movement and contemporary politics) Volume III, Badruddin Umar, 1972, page 316-317 4807:পূর্ব বাংলার ভাষা আন্দোলন ও তৎকালীন রাজনীতি, (East Bengal language movement and contemporary politics) Volume III, Badruddin Umar, 1972, page 251-252 92:

Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.

7824: 6700: 5739: 2821: 293: 2620:

In the afternoon of 11 March, a meeting was held to protest police brutality and arrests. A group of students marching towards the chief minister

2475:

to allow members to speak in Bengali and authorise its use for official purposes. Datta's proposal was supported by legislators Prem Hari Burman,

2157:. Facing rising sectarian tensions and mass discontent with the new law, the government outlawed public meetings and rallies. The students of the 6705: 6098: 4798:পূর্ব বাংলার ভাষা আন্দোলন ও তৎকালীন রাজনীতি, (East Bengal language movement and contemporary politics) Volume III, Badruddin Umar, 1972, page 243 3655: 2061: 1295: 555: 5531: 4238:

Jabeen, Mussarat; Chandio, Amir Ali; Qasim, Zarina (2010). "Language Controversy: Impacts on National Politics and Secession of East Pakistan".

4832:

James, Michael (11 March 1952). "RED DANGER SEEN IN EAST PAKISTAN: Bengal Premier Foresees New Trouble, Though Recent Outbreaks Were Curbed".

2853:'. In this circular, the Communist Party's statement, line, and organizational duties regarding the language movement are clearly indicated. 7578: 7566: 6740: 5234:

Callahan, John (8 May 1954). "PAKISTANIS MAKE BENGALI OFFICIAL: East Zone Tongue Is Raised to Status Equal to Urdu, the Western Language".

3363:(Monument of Martyrs) was constructed in 1954 to commemorate the protesters who died. Work on a larger monument designed by the architect 5766: 5671: 4140: 7929: 7766: 6745: 6657: 1938: 1217: 7864: 6872: 6103: 4668: 3206:'s works by the central government of Pakistan led to a movement by the intellectuals of Dhaka that led to an increase in the use of 2825:(All-Party Central Language Action Committee) was formed in a meeting at the Bar Library Hall of the University of Dhaka, chaired by 1815: 3834: 3796: 7964: 7934: 7561: 6394: 3758: 3429: 3298:, one of the highest civilian awards in Bangladesh, is awarded annually in memory of the sacrifices of the movement. Songs such as 2669:

and others drafted a memorandum and sent it to Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan. The Prime Minister did not respond to this either.

1908: 1842: 2959:

We want the punishment of the killer, we want a private commission of inquiry, we want full compensation for the dead and injured.

7969: 7914: 7659: 7509: 6786: 6058: 5704: 5123: 4490: 3099:

Maulana Bhashani after the foundation stone laying program for Shaheed Minar by Abul Barkat's family members on 21 February 1956.

1801: 7974: 7909: 3152:

to promote, develop, and preserve Bengali language, literature, and heritage. However, the United Front rule was temporary, as

2364: 1863: 1858: 17: 3649: 3025:, or Monument of Martyrs. Completed at dawn on 24 February, the monument had a handwritten note attached to it with the words 2483:

and the Muslim League denounced the proposal as an attempt to divide the Pakistani people, thus the legislation was defeated.

2419:

removed Bengali from the list of approved subjects, as well as from currency notes and stamps. The central education minister

7919: 6867: 6682: 6601: 5619: 5600: 5019: 4678: 3997: 3848: 3810: 3772: 3663: 3625: 3036:

The government censored news reports and withheld exact casualty figures during the protests. Most pro-government media held

1973: 1953: 1933: 5557: 3232:

Although the question of official languages was settled by 1956, the military regime of Ayub Khan promoted the interests of

7874: 6461: 2900:

several students for violating section 144 as they attempted to leave. Enraged by the arrests, the students met around the

2662: 2311: 1948: 1806: 567: 3884: 7959: 6343: 5659: 4529: 3434: 3424: 2054: 1968: 1903: 1288: 31: 2979:

boycott offices and join the procession. Protesters burned the offices of two leading pro-government news agencies, the

2310:(a province in the eastern part of the British Indian sub-continent) primarily used the Bengali language. Bengali is an 7884: 7794: 6897: 6755: 6073: 6051: 5697: 2416: 1898: 100: 7939: 7869: 7799: 7778: 7573: 7534: 7524: 7504: 7122: 6902: 6017: 5638: 5463: 5412: 5380: 4589: 4474: 4449: 4036: 3586: 3567: 3531: 3412: 2194: 2189:

monument was constructed near Dhaka Medical College in memory of the movement and its victims. On 17 September 1999,

2174: 1958: 1943: 928: 540: 528: 350: 5612:

Democracy and Dictatorship in South Asia: Dominant Classes and Political Outcomes in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh

5370: 113:

Content in this edit is translated from the existing Bangla Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.

7904: 7685: 7010: 6987: 6312: 6302: 6272: 6140: 3178: 2938: 2901: 2751:. On 1 February 1951 at the session of the World Muslim Conference in Karachi, the leader of the Ismaili community 2472: 1888: 1781: 522: 259: 6307: 2645:

meeting of the National Language Working Council held under the chairmanship of Ataur Rahman Khan on November 17,

7949: 7944: 7639: 6914: 6374: 6353: 6328: 5951: 5871: 3367:

began in 1957 with the support of the United Front ministry, and was approved by a planning committee chaired by

2009: 1978: 1883: 1786: 1349: 517: 3611: 7551: 7091: 6922: 2941:, Shorfuddin Ahmed, Shamsuddin Ahmed Khondokar and Mosihuddin Ahmed. However, Nurul Amin refused the requests. 2047: 1776: 1333: 1313: 1281: 550: 207: 122: 4444:. Dhaka: Selina Hossain, Director, Research Compendium Department of Folklore, Bangla Academy. pp. 5–27. 3387:, one of the oldest privately owned television channels in Bangladesh, was named after the date of the event. 2743:

proposed to make Arabic the state language and this proposal was then supported by Syed Akbar Shah, member of

7954: 7695: 7690: 7634: 6369: 5355: 5166: 4152: 3983: 3914: 3033:

observed a general strike. A protest followed on 29 February whose participants faced severe police beating.

2906: 1249: 1081: 1058: 4714:

Purbo Banglar Bhasha Andolan O Totkalin Rajneeti (East Bengal's Language Movement and Contemporary Politics)

3415:. The proposal was supported unanimously at the 30th General Conference of UNESCO held on 17 November 1999. 2327:, when delegates from Bengal rejected the idea of making Urdu the lingua franca of Muslim India in the 1937 6887: 6282: 6196: 5744: 3153: 3129: 2744: 2692: 2432: 2114: 1878: 1401: 288: 5369:

Aminzade, Ronald; Douglas McAdam; Charles Tilly (17 September 2001). "Emotions and Contentious Politics".

6882: 2857: 2850: 1928: 1359: 977: 572: 338: 5300: 4442:ভাষা আন্দোলনের আঞ্চলিক ইতিহাস (Bhasha Andolaner Ancholik Itihash, Regional history of language movement) 2149:

as the state language of the whole of Pakistan was also proposed, sparking extensive protests among the

7879: 7700: 7529: 7342: 7005: 6892: 6596: 6236: 6181: 4369:পূর্ব বাংলার ভাষা আন্দোলন ও তৎকালীন রাজনীতি (East Bengal's language movement and contemporary politics) 4064: 3116: 2834: 2492: 2479:

and Sris Chandra Chattaopadhyaya of East Bengal, as well as the people from the region. Prime minister

2420: 1766: 1738: 1705: 1455: 1377: 1244: 950: 913: 690: 611: 450: 301: 152: 7705: 7417: 6522: 6081: 5886: 3892: 3249: 3219: 3190: 3084: 3067: 2170: 1853: 1793: 1748: 1128: 675: 211: 3021:

Through the night of 23 February, students of Dhaka Medical College worked on the construction of a

7357: 7127: 7086: 6877: 6735: 6616: 6503: 6338: 6186: 5971: 5926: 2540:

Around 1957–1958, there was a significant demand for the use of Roman letters again. At that time

1923: 1811: 1761: 1720: 1710: 1688: 1160: 667: 562: 355: 255: 108: 7546: 6927: 6710: 6611: 6277: 6191: 5921: 5836: 5801: 5771: 3462: 3364: 3108: 3079: 2922: 2524: 2520: 2512: 2332: 2252: 2197:, in tribute to the Language Movement and the ethnolinguistic rights of people around the world. 2142: 1623: 1034: 955: 848: 817: 625: 228: 3265: 2784:

in favour of the retention of the Bengali script. Besides, many people did not give any answer.

7924: 7402: 7392: 7157: 6765: 6760: 6262: 5946: 5811: 4907: 4467:

Amar Ekushey O Shohid Minar (আমার একুশে ও শহীদ মিনার, My Ekhushey (21st) and Martyr's Monument)

3299: 2819:, staunchly defended the "Urdu-only" policy in a speech on 27 January 1952. On 31 January, the 2736: 2580: 2315: 2244: 1565: 1192: 918: 908: 895: 708: 680: 402: 319: 4670:

Fifty Years of Bangladesh, 1971–2021: Crises of Culture, Development, Governance, and Identity

4156: 7899: 7756: 7726: 7654: 7377: 7362: 7305: 7229: 7107: 6687: 6572: 6389: 6384: 6267: 6216: 6012: 5976: 5906: 5240: 5218: 4838: 3321: 3281: 3273: 3156: 3120:

February 1954 with various halls of the University of Dhaka raising black flags in mourning.

2740: 2654: 2646: 2593: 2560: 2545: 2476: 2408: 2182: 1826: 1743: 1715: 1675: 1669: 1599: 1322: 1231: 1187: 1111: 685: 507: 487: 129: 5676: 5343: 4712: 4407: 4367: 2815:

The Urdu-Bengali controversy was reignited when Liaqat Ali Khan's successor, Prime Minister

2723:

Muhammad Shahidullah was a central figure in the proposal to make Arabic the state language.

7894: 7367: 7300: 7214: 7167: 6952: 6750: 6498: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6252: 6002: 5961: 5154: 3498: 3359: 3269: 3207: 3088: 2727: 2564: 2497: 2427:

Leading Bengali scholars argued why Urdu should not be the only state language. The writer

2400: 2376: 2240: 2186: 2091: 1179: 1165: 923: 606: 343: 190: 4934: 3727: 2491:

Since the partition of the country in 1947, the Union Minister representing East Pakistan

8: 7710: 7448: 7407: 7352: 7280: 7275: 7234: 7204: 7152: 7147: 7137: 6967: 6862: 6821: 6637: 6632: 6379: 6150: 6135: 5931: 5831: 5821: 3971: 3840: 3617: 3368: 3288:(Martyrs' Day), is a major national holiday in Bangladesh. A month-long event called the 3203: 2930: 2777: 2769: 2748: 2695: 2681: 2588: 2468: 2356: 2291:, the language was considered a vital element of the Islamic culture for Indian Muslims; 2288: 2232: 2228: 2158: 2134: 1594: 1155: 1147: 1077: 903: 750: 478: 426: 390: 248: 4737: 2780:, was formed by the East Bengal government to prepare a report on the language problem. 7669: 7644: 7372: 7347: 7290: 7259: 6972: 6962: 6826: 6811: 6791: 6715: 6606: 6585: 6348: 6333: 6231: 5826: 5281: 5073: 4637: 4220: 4212: 4092: 4084: 4029:

Encyclopedia of World's Languages: Past and Present (Facts About the World's Languages)

3545: 3384: 3241: 3182: 3137: 3054: 2816: 2621: 2605: 2541: 2368: 2324: 2320: 2019: 1771: 1700: 1629: 1239: 1133: 1007: 969: 834: 643: 588: 545: 6416: 5131: 4494: 4183:"'A Place Insufficiently Imagined': Language, Belief, and the Pakistan Crisis of 1971" 2359:

were granted independence in 1947 and 1948, becoming four new independent states: the

7468: 7249: 7132: 7112: 6982: 6937: 6831: 6725: 6720: 6692: 6513: 6221: 6206: 6201: 6145: 5997: 5911: 5851: 5816: 5634: 5615: 5596: 5459: 5433: 5408: 5376: 5273: 5065: 4674: 4629: 4585: 4470: 4445: 4408:

History of the Language Movement, forthcoming publication, February 1995, pp. 685-692

4320: 4224: 4204: 4096: 4076: 4032: 3952: 3908: 3844: 3806: 3768: 3659: 3621: 3582: 3563: 3527: 3523: 3289: 3063: 2910: 2576: 2436: 2428: 2360: 2296: 2224: 2037: 1821: 1269: 704: 535: 104: 7664: 7397: 7382: 7219: 7066: 6977: 6942: 6841: 6801: 6781: 6730: 6650: 6589: 6508: 5981: 5881: 5876: 5861: 5734: 5265: 5057: 4621: 4533: 4194: 4068: 3944: 3734: 3477: 3453: 3339: 3326: 3141: 3133: 2866: 2862: 2826: 2732: 2699: 2641: 2629: 2625: 2480: 2412: 2339:

political party that became the driving force behind the creation of Pakistan as a

2264: 2256: 2236: 2166: 2150: 2095: 2083: 1963: 1868: 1682: 1663: 1588: 1383: 829: 638: 633: 414: 266: 5023: 4005: 30:

This article is about the movement in Bangladesh. For the movements in India, see

7519: 7514: 7142: 7056: 6947: 6836: 6816: 6493: 6471: 5941: 5666: 5565: 4403: 3990: 3802: 3515: 3059: 3013: 2926: 2804: 2658: 2601: 2306:

While the use of Urdu grew common with Muslims in northern India, the Muslims of

2280: 2260: 2014: 1604: 1575: 1559: 1512: 1344: 1116: 942: 876: 866: 648: 160: 6094: 5256:

Lambert, Richard D. (April 1959). "Factors in Bengali Regionalism in Pakistan".

5244: 5222: 4842: 3798:

Early Language Learning Policy in the 21st Century: An International Perspective

3694: 3693:হোসেন, সেলিনা; বিশ্বাস, সুকুমার; চৌধুরী, শফিকুর রহমান, eds. (21 February 1986). 3095: 2677: 997: 7412: 7254: 7224: 7209: 7117: 7081: 7071: 6957: 6932: 6857: 6796: 6547: 6226: 6155: 5866: 5806: 5558:"International Mother Language Day – Background and Adoption of the Resolution" 4338: 4297: 3704: 3579:

Constructing Bangladesh: Religion, Ethnicity, and Language in an Islamic Nation

3541: 3149: 2666: 2460: 2220: 2110: 1988: 1725: 1570: 1553: 1518: 1500: 1427: 1407: 1389: 1094: 1046: 1029: 1024: 1019: 438: 4072: 3948: 3053:

Although the Language Movement is considered to have laid the foundations for

7858: 7438: 7337: 7076: 6581: 6577: 6554: 6297: 6211: 6007: 5761: 5451: 5347: 5305:[The language of Dhaka, the language of Dhaka, or another language]. 5277: 5158: 5069: 4633: 4575: 4324: 4208: 4144: 4080: 3975: 3956: 3490: 3376: 3372: 3351: 3294: 3244:

for greater provincial autonomy. One demand was that East Pakistan be called

3237: 3233: 2996: 2992: 2914: 2878: 2830: 2796: 2711:

28 March, he delivered a speech on radio reasserting his "Urdu-only" policy.

2515:

proposed the romanisation of Bengali in the early stage of language movement.

2384: 2336: 2284: 2215: 2122: 2087: 1755: 1635: 1488: 1443: 1439: 1415: 1354: 1063: 987: 881: 775: 331: 233: 186: 5689: 5437: 7463: 7458: 7162: 7061: 6542: 6537: 6532: 6527: 6466: 6032: 5956: 5936: 5916: 5307: 5045: 4340:আরবি অক্ষরে বাংলা শিক্ষাদানের ষড়যন্ত্র - (স্বাধীনতা আন্দোলনের গােড়াপত্তন) 4052: 3935:

Rahman, Tariq (1997). "The Medium of Instruction Controversy in Pakistan".

3331: 3309: 3304: 2752: 2703: 2568: 2556: 2138: 2118: 1641: 1532: 1526: 1494: 1476: 780: 601: 596: 5480: 3411:

Bangladesh officially sent a proposal to UNESCO to declare 21 February as

3186:

constitution also provided opportunities for higher education in Bengali.

7422: 7387: 7295: 7244: 7239: 6646: 6642: 6257: 6022: 5901: 5896: 5846: 5841: 5796: 3560:

The Emergence of Bangladesh: Class Struggles in East Pakistan (1947–1958)

3396: 3380: 3030: 2975: 2918: 2839: 2707: 2650: 2597: 2572: 2440: 2439:

of the Tamaddun Majlish convened the committee. Later, Parliament member

2396: 2380: 2268: 2206: 2154: 2126: 2103: 2079: 1918: 1732: 1694: 1617: 1506: 861: 856: 27:

1940s–50s movement for recognition of the Bengali language in East Bengal

5532:"This day, that year: When they gave away their lives for mother tongue" 2698:

arrived in Dhaka on 19 March 1948. On 21 March, at a civic reception at

7443: 7310: 7285: 7199: 7194: 6453: 6165: 6076: 5966: 5856: 5285: 5077: 4786: 4762: 4641: 4579: 4216: 3700: 3494: 3058:

rejection of the "Urdu-only" policy was seen as a contravention of the

2965:

Demand withdrawal of Security Act, Section 144 and all repressive laws.

2934: 2829:. The central government's proposal of writing the Bengali language in 2531: 2388: 1611: 1421: 982: 785: 763: 462: 194: 111:

to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is

4088: 3357:

Two years after the first monument was destroyed by the police, a new

2719: 2451: 2133:

will be the sole federal language, alternately Bengali writing in the

7453: 6160: 3764: 3224: 3007: 2686:

State language of Pakistan is going to be Urdu and no other language.

2372: 2351: 2107: 1582: 1449: 802: 797: 731: 496: 5269: 5061: 4625: 4199: 4182: 2776:

Shortly thereafter, the East Bengal Language Committee, presided by

2764: 2205:

The present-day nations of Pakistan and Bangladesh were part of the

6564: 6292: 5891: 5755: 5368: 4027:

Bhattacharya, T (2001). "Bangla". In Garry, J.; Rubino, C. (eds.).

3276:

commemorates those who died during the protests on 21 February 1952

2896: 2735:

called a meeting to demand that Arabic be made the state language.

2609: 2300: 1482: 1433: 1395: 992: 807: 457: 445: 433: 421: 409: 397: 385: 326: 4742:

Muhammad Shahidullah & His Contribution To Bengali Linguistics

2443:

convened a new committee to push for Bengali as a state language.

5506:"Tripura, Bangladesh celebrate international mother language day" 3400: 2974:

Disorder spread across the province as large processions ignored

2874: 2800:

Procession march held on 4 February 1952 at Nawabpur Road, Dhaka.

2456: 2404: 2395:

After the partition of India in 1947, Bengali-speaking people in

2328: 2276: 1197: 871: 726: 721: 5781: 4612:

Sayeed, Khalid Bin (September 1954). "Federalism and Pakistan".

86: 4532:. Bangladesh Monitor, South Asia Analysis Group. Archived from 3406: 3037: 2870: 2508: 2340: 2307: 2190: 2146: 812: 736: 716: 4240:

South Asian Studies: A Research Journal of South Asian Studies

3228:

The second Shaheed Minar (martyrs' monument) completed in 1963

2956:

Want to make Bengali one of the national languages immediately

5681: 4055:(February 1997). "The Urdu-English Controversy in Pakistan". 3017:

at Dhaka Medical College on the University Dhaka road, Dhaka.

2944:

On the same day, the East Bengal Organizing Committee of the

2809: 2292: 2271:(last linguistic stage of the medieval Indian Aryan language 2248: 1099: 1002: 166: 3760:

Fighting Words: Language Policy and Ethnic Relations in Asia

3167: 4573: 2882: 2640:

On November 18, 1948, the first Prime Minister of Pakistan

2612:, Abdul Wahed and others were arrested during the rallies. 2272: 2210: 2130: 215: 5750:

Role of political parties during Bengali Language Movement

4440:

Malek, Abdul (2000). Hossain, Abu Muhammad Delwar (ed.).

3520:

Bhasha Andoloner Itihas (History of the Language Movement)

6118: 4717:(in Bengali). Ananddhara Prakashan. pp. 3–5, 282–284 3403:

in India celebrate 21 February as Language Movement Day.

2455:

Dhirendranath was the key figure to raise the demand for

5660:

The Makers of History: International Mother Language Day

5048:(September 1997). "Language and Ethnicity in Pakistan". 4433: 4317:

Ministry of Information, People's Republic of Bangladesh

3248:(Land/Country of Bengal), which subsequently led to the 2995:. The shooting killed several people including activist 2702:, he claimed that the language issue was designed by a " 5458:(in Bengali). Dhaka: Shondhani Prokashani. p. 44. 3581:. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press. 2672: 2503: 5372:

Silence and Voice in the Study of Contentious Politics

4744:. Central Institute of Indian Languages, Mysore, India 3501:

corresponding to today's Bangladesh from 1947 to 1955.

3148:

The United Front ministry ordered the creation of the

3062:

of Muslims and the founding ideology of Pakistan, the

2772:

recommended writing Bengali through Arabic characters.

5375:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 42. 3937:

Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development

3497:. East Bengal was the administrative division of the 3467: 2424:

students organised processions and rallies in Dhaka.

6028:

Artistic depictions of the Bengali Language Movement

5628: 5197:"Gambhirjopurno Poribeshay Shaheed Dibosh Utjapon". 2635: 82: 7890:

Causes and prelude of the Bangladesh Liberation War

4372:(in Bengali). Anandhara Prakashan. pp. 185–187 3885:"Urdu Controversy – is dividing the nation further" 3795:Zein, Subhan; Coady, Maria R. (22 September 2021). 2615: 294:

All-Parties Central State Language Action Committee

269:

as the state language of Pakistan with Urdu in 1956

78:

a machine-translated version of the Bangla article.

4584:. Government Printing Office, Country Studies US. 4237: 3692: 3255: 2962:Seek immediate release of all political prisoners, 7603: 3613:Nation and Its Modes of Oppressions in South Asia 3202:The Bengali language movement and the banning of 3091:(Martyrs' monument) in Dhaka on 21 February 1954. 3066:. Some of the most powerful politicians from the 2895:attempted to break the police line. Police fired 2759: 2592:Pakistan. Political leaders such as Shamsul Huq, 2446: 7856: 7584:2015 Expulsion of Pakistani diplomats from Dhaka 5740:Shorbodolio Kendrio Rashtrobhasha Kormi Porishod 5352:Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh 5163:Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh 4304: 4149:Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh 3980:Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh 3895:. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018 3292:is held every year to commemorate the movement. 3105:Shorbodolio Kendrio Rashtrobhasha Kormi Porishod 2822:Shorbodolio Kendrio Rashtrobhasha Kormi Porishod 6706:Military plans of the Bangladesh Liberation War 5609: 5180: 5178: 5176: 4854: 4852: 4850: 4729: 4176: 4174: 4172: 4170: 4168: 4166: 4134: 4132: 4130: 4128: 4126: 3547:Purbo-Banglar Bhasha Andolon O Totkalin Rajniti 2991:, or mourning rally, as it was passing through 2714: 2684:on 21 March 1948 told at a public meeting that 2346: 5101: 5099: 5056:(9). University of California Press: 833–839. 4620:(9). Institute of Pacific Relations: 139–143. 4274: 4124: 4122: 4120: 4118: 4116: 4114: 4112: 4110: 4108: 4106: 3878: 3876: 3757:Brown, Michael Edward; Ganguly, Sumit (2003). 3651:Language and Civilization Change in South Asia 107:accompanying your translation by providing an 69:Click for important translation instructions. 56:expand this article with text translated from 6059: 5719: 5705: 5655:Notable Contributors to the Language Movement 5631:Essays on Ekushey: The Language Movement 1952 5407:(in Bengali). Dhaka: Poroma. pp. 62–85. 4469:(in Bengali). Dhaka: Poroma. pp. 62–85. 4193:(4). Association for Asian Studies: 711–733. 3213: 2808:Procession march held on 21 February 1952 in 2055: 1289: 165:Procession march held on 21 February 1952 in 6741:Pakistan Army order of battle, December 1971 5590: 5264:(4). Institute of Pacific Relations: 49–58. 5173: 5146: 4847: 4574:James Heitzman; Robert Worden, eds. (1989). 4163: 4045: 4026: 3756: 3407:Worldwide: International Mother Language Day 3197: 3048: 2223:by political and religious leaders, such as 5118: 5116: 5114: 5096: 4964: 4569: 4567: 4565: 4563: 4527: 4423: 4421: 4419: 4417: 4415: 4103: 3873: 3189:However, the military government formed by 3087:(left) marching barefoot to pay tribute at 2486: 2082:in 1952, advocating the recognition of the 6746:Mitro Bahini Order of Battle December 1971 6066: 6052: 5767:Pakistaner Rashtra Bhasha: Bangla Na Urdu? 5712: 5698: 5362: 4313:Bangladesher Swadhinota juddher Dolilpotro 3836:The Idea of Nation and Its Future in India 3833:Chaube, Shibani Kinkar (26 October 2016). 3696:1513. একুশের স্মারকগ্রন্থ' ৮৬ - সম্পাদনায় 3550:পূর্ব বাংলার ভাষা আন্দোলন ও তৎকালীন রজনীতি 2929:, Boshontokumar Das, Shamsuddin Ahmed and 2062: 2048: 1296: 1282: 159: 7762:Movement demanding trial of war criminals 6873:Rape during the Bangladesh Liberation War 6370:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's speech of 7 March 5682:Articles related to the Language Movement 5478: 5302:ঢাকার ভাষা, ঢাকাইয়া ভাষা, নাকি অন্য ভাষা 4250: 4198: 4180: 3794: 3272:, or the Martyr's monument, located near 3168:Constitutional status as a state language 2842:in Dhaka, thereby banning any gathering. 2768:East Bengal Language Committee headed by 2463:as a state language in Pakistan assembly. 2399:, the non-contiguous eastern part of the 2175:Bengali Language Implementation Act, 1987 7567:Deaths along the Bangladesh–India border 6701:Sectors in the Bangladesh Liberation War 6395:Proclamation of Bangladeshi Independence 5472: 5233: 5212:"PAKISTANIS IN RIOT ON LANGUAGE ISSUE". 5184: 5152: 5111: 5105: 5090: 4994: 4982: 4894: 4858: 4560: 4427: 4412: 4268: 4138: 3882: 3726:প্রিনস, এরশাদুল আলম (20 February 2022). 3514: 3430:Bengali Language Movement (Barak Valley) 3264: 3223: 3111:, decided to commemorate 21 February as 3094: 3078: 3006: 2999:and a nine-year-old boy named Ohiullah. 2953:Leaving chair by Nazim Nurul Amin Sarkar 2803: 2795: 2763: 2718: 2676: 2555: 2507: 2450: 2350: 2255:family of languages. It developed under 2162:status to the Bengali language in 1956. 7660:Bangladesh Police Liberation War Museum 7510:International recognition of Bangladesh 6787:Battle of Rangamati-Mahalchari waterway 5593:Bengali language movement to Bangladesh 5427: 5255: 5249: 3647: 3553:(in Bengali). Dhaka: Agamee Prakashani. 3123: 2833:by East Pakistan's education secretary 14: 7857: 5299:Rubel, Abul Hasan (15 November 2017). 5044: 5022:. Discovery Bangladesh. Archived from 4735: 4666: 4611: 4605: 4399: 4397: 4395: 4393: 4391: 4389: 4387: 4310: 4051: 4020: 4002:National Council for Promotion of Urdu 3969: 3934: 3930: 3928: 3926: 3924: 3832: 3725: 3145:League was reduced to a historic low. 2579:and others, after being released from 2115:Government of the Dominion of Pakistan 1895:Transition to democracy, 1991 – 2008 1864:Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman 1859:Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League 1850:Post-independence years, 1972 – 1975 7602: 7493: 7031: 6868:1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals 6415: 6119:Origins of the Bangladeshi Revolution 6117: 6047: 5693: 5680: 5402: 5329: 5298: 5006: 4831: 4706: 4704: 4702: 4700: 4698: 4696: 4694: 4554: 4464: 4458: 4439: 3576: 3476: 2624:'s house was stopped in front of the 2563:(wearing a garland), with his father 2551: 1985:Interim Government era, 2024–present 1974:2024 Bangladesh quota reform movement 1954:2018 Bangladesh quota reform movement 1934:2013 Bangladesh quota reform movement 6462:Provisional Government of Bangladesh 5450: 5341: 4970: 4958: 4774: 4710: 4673:. Springer Nature. pp. 61, 75. 4654: 4515: 4365: 4280: 4256: 3688: 3686: 3684: 3682: 3557: 3540: 3210:in the city in the 1950s and 1960s. 2846:demonstration after their assembly. 2673:Muhammad Ali Jinnah's visit to Dhaka 2504:Proposal for Romanisation of Bengali 1949:2018 Bangladesh road-safety protests 1909:2006–08 Bangladeshi political crisis 1807:Provisional Government of Bangladesh 119:{{Translated|bn|বাংলা ভাষা আন্দোলন}} 38: 7542:1971 Prisoners of War Investigation 5550: 4932: 4738:"Chapter 4 : Other Activities" 4521: 4384: 4286: 3921: 3609: 3435:Bengali Language Movement (Manbhum) 3375:and College of Fine Arts principal 3083:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (centre) and 3002: 2343:state separate from British India. 2078:was a political movement in former 1904:Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord 218:the only state language of language 32:Bengali language movements in India 24: 6756:East Pakistan Air Operations, 1971 6099:Ministry of Liberation War Affairs 5584: 5038: 5012: 4691: 4530:"De-Pakistanisation of Bangladesh" 3998:"A Historical Perspective of Urdu" 2417:Pakistan Public Service Commission 2213:language had been promoted as the 1919:Vision 2021 and Digital Bangladesh 1899:Caretaker government of Bangladesh 25: 7986: 7930:Political movements in Bangladesh 7779:War Crimes Fact Finding Committee 7525:Stranded Pakistanis in Bangladesh 7505:Pakistani Instrument of Surrender 6018:International Mother Language Day 5648: 4181:Oldenburg, Philip (August 1985). 3719: 3679: 3478:[ˈbaŋlaˑˈbʱaʃaˑˈand̪olɔn] 3413:International Mother Language Day 3314:Bornomala, Amar Dukhini Bornomala 3181:was enacted on 29 February 1956. 3085:Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani 2791: 2636:Liaquat Ali Khan's visit to Dhaka 2209:. From the mid-19th century, the 2195:International Mother Language Day 1959:2021 Bangladesh Communal Violence 1944:2015 Bangladeshi political crisis 7865:Linguistic history of Bangladesh 7686:Bengali Genocide Remembrance Day 7011:Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971 6313:Constitution of Pakistan of 1962 6303:Constitution of Pakistan of 1956 6273:All Pakistan Awami Muslim League 6141:Muslim nationalism in South Asia 6093: 6075: 5780: 5672:Language movement at Banglapedia 5432:. Institute of Islamic Culture. 2939:Maulana Abdur Rashid Tarkabagish 2902:East Bengal Legislative Assembly 2616:Agreement with Khwaja Nazimuddin 2473:Constituent Assembly of Pakistan 2031: 1782:Pakistani general election, 1970 1332: 1263: 495: 456: 444: 432: 420: 408: 396: 384: 325: 313: 260:East Bengal Legislative Assembly 43: 7965:History of the Bengali language 7935:Political movements in Pakistan 7640:Martyred Intellectuals Memorial 6354:1970 Pakistani general election 6329:Swadhin Bangla Biplobi Parishad 5524: 5498: 5444: 5421: 5396: 5335: 5323: 5292: 5227: 5205: 5201:(in Bengali). 26 February 1956. 5190: 5084: 5000: 4988: 4976: 4952: 4926: 4900: 4888: 4884:(in Bengali). 23 February 1952. 4873: 4864: 4825: 4821:(in Bengali). 22 February 1952. 4810: 4801: 4792: 4780: 4768: 4756: 4736:Mandal, Ranita (24 June 2002). 4660: 4648: 4548: 4509: 4483: 4359: 4331: 4262: 4231: 3963: 3864: 3610:Nag, Sajal (30 December 2022). 3256:Cultural impact and celebration 2691:In the height of civic unrest, 2010:Timeline of Bangladeshi history 1969:Bangladesh protests (2022–2024) 1884:Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict 289:State Language Action Committee 7970:Bengali language in Bangladesh 7915:Student protests in Bangladesh 6923:1971 Dhaka University massacre 6726:Mutiny on PNS Mangro in Toulon 6344:1969 uprising in East Pakistan 4311:Rahman, Hasan Hafizur (1982). 3826: 3788: 3750: 3641: 3603: 3483: 3447: 2969: 2933:requested that chief minister 2889: 2760:Proposal by Language Committee 2447:Dhirendranath Datta's proposal 2177:. In Bangladesh, 21 February ( 1979:Non-cooperation movement, 2024 1787:Non-cooperation movement, 1971 1777:1969 uprising in East Pakistan 208:central government of Pakistan 117:You may also add the template 13: 1: 7910:Language conflict in Pakistan 7767:International Crimes Tribunal 7696:Armed Forces Day (Bangladesh) 7691:Independence Day (Bangladesh) 7650:Liberation War Memorial Trust 7574:Bangladesh–Pakistan relations 7494: 5629:Syed Manzoorul Islam (1994). 5428:Hussain, Syed Sajjad (1996). 5356:Asiatic Society of Bangladesh 5167:Asiatic Society of Bangladesh 4667:Hashmi, Taj (22 April 2022). 4153:Asiatic Society of Bangladesh 3984:Asiatic Society of Bangladesh 3508: 3260: 2946:East Pakistan Communist Party 2299:were seen as fundamentals of 2200: 1939:International Crimes Tribunal 1915:Parliamentary era, 2009–2024 1446:Period, c. 185 BCE – c. 75 AD 1059:Bangla Academy Literary Award 7920:Student protests in Pakistan 6888:Shadhin Bangla Football Team 6197:Indian independence movement 5745:Rastrabhasa Sangram Parishad 5405:Amar Ekushey O Shaheed Minar 4528:R. Upadhyay (7 April 2007). 4187:The Journal of Asian Studies 3596: 3074: 2715:Proposal for Arabic language 2693:Governor-General of Pakistan 2471:proposed legislation in the 2433:Rastrabhasa Sangram Parishad 2347:Early stages of the movement 2314:that arose from the eastern 1879:Military coups in Bangladesh 1875:Military rule, 1975 – 1990 1402:Northern Black Polished Ware 7: 7875:History of the Awami League 7579:2013 Pakistan Embassy siege 7562:2001 Indo-Bangla skirmishes 7032: 6883:Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra 4581:Bangladesh: A Country Study 4576:"Pakistan Period (1947–71)" 3729:বাংলা হরফের ওপর শয়তানি আছর 3562:. Oxford University Press. 3468: 3418: 2858:Communist Party of Pakistan 2851:Communist Party of Pakistan 2312:Eastern Indo-Aryan language 2279:) in South Asia during the 2241:Central Indo-Aryan language 1929:2013 Shapla Square protests 1802:Declaration of Independence 339:Government of East Pakistan 10: 7991: 7960:Independence of Bangladesh 7720:Decorations and depictions 7701:Martyred Intellectuals Day 7635:National Martyrs' Memorial 7552:Bangladesh–India relations 7530:Hamoodur Rahman Commission 7006:Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 6893:The Concert for Bangladesh 6322:Bengali self-determination 6308:1958 Pakistani coup d'état 6237:Partition of Bengal (1947) 6182:Partition of Bengal (1905) 5350:; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). 5161:; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). 4147:; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). 4065:Cambridge University Press 3978:; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). 3970:Halder, Shashwati (2012). 3883:Upadhyay, R (1 May 2003). 3648:Maloney, Clarence (1978). 3425:Bengali language activists 3308:, set to music by Shaheed 3217: 3214:Independence of Bangladesh 2987:. Police fired on a major 2355:Britain's holdings on the 2335:. The Muslim League was a 2185:, a national holiday. The 1767:Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 1739:Partition of Bengal (1947) 1706:Partition of Bengal (1905) 1456:Indo-Roman trade relations 612:List of Bangladeshi people 302:Bengali people in Pakistan 153:Independence of Bangladesh 81:Machine translation, like 29: 7975:Muslim League (1947–1958) 7885:Bengali language movement 7787: 7749: 7719: 7706:Victory day of Bangladesh 7678: 7627: 7620: 7616: 7598: 7500: 7489: 7431: 7330: 7323: 7268: 7187: 7180: 7100: 7049: 7042: 7038: 7027: 6998: 6913: 6850: 6774: 6671: 6625: 6563: 6519:Special Guerrilla Forces 6452: 6445: 6441: 6411: 6362: 6321: 6288:Bengali language movement 6245: 6174: 6128: 6124: 6113: 6088: 6082:Bangladesh Liberation War 5990: 5789: 5778: 5727: 5721:Bengali language movement 5687: 5479:Chowdhury, Afsan (1999). 5153:Al Helal, Bashir (2012). 4711:Umar, Badaruddin (1970). 4300:. 1980. pp. 102–103. 4139:Al Helal, Bashir (2012). 4073:10.1017/S0026749X00016978 3949:10.1080/01434639708666310 3913:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 3893:South Asia Analysis Group 3457: 3250:Bangladesh Liberation War 3220:Bangladesh Liberation War 3198:Standard Bengali Movement 3049:Reaction in West Pakistan 3045:firings on the students. 2745:Sindh Legislative Council 2171:Bangladesh Liberation War 2113:population. In 1948, the 2106:province having a mainly 2076:Bengali language movement 1854:Bangladesh famine of 1974 1794:Bangladesh Liberation War 1749:Bengali Language Movement 1630:Chittagong-Arakan Kingdom 1452:, c. 114 BCE – c. 1450 AD 654:Bengali language movement 373: 368: 298:Students of East Pakistan 280: 275: 241: 222: 212:government of East Bengal 202: 181: 173: 158: 150: 146:Bengali language movement 145: 58:the corresponding article 7940:Secularism in Bangladesh 7870:History of East Pakistan 7128:Muhammad Hamidullah Khan 7087:Muhammad Hamidullah Khan 6797:Battle of Dhalai Outpost 6683:Pakistan Eastern Command 6375:Non-cooperation movement 6339:Agartala Conspiracy Case 6187:Eastern Bengal and Assam 5972:Abdur Rashid Tarkabagish 5927:Mahbub Ul Alam Choudhury 5610:Robert S. Stern (2000). 5562:Government of Bangladesh 5301: 4491:"NATIONAL CONSOLIDATION" 4441: 4368: 4366:Umar, Badruddin (1970). 4339: 4004:language. Archived from 3728: 3577:Uddin, Sufia M. (2006). 3558:Umar, Badruddin (2004). 3549: 3493:in 1955, now modern-day 3440: 3390: 3208:Central Standard Bengali 3179:constitution of Pakistan 3132:coalition, which—led by 3107:, with support from the 3011:22 February rally after 2487:Fazlur Rahman's proposal 2193:declared 21 February as 1924:Bangladesh Rifles revolt 1812:1971 Bangladesh Genocide 1762:1964 East Pakistan riots 1721:Prime Minister of Bengal 1711:Eastern Bengal and Assam 1436:, c. 232 BCE – c. 800 AD 7905:Romanization of Brahmic 7628:Monuments and memorials 7547:Bangladeshi nationalism 7281:Dr. Abdul Motaleb Malik 6928:Shankharibazar massacre 6711:Eastern Command (India) 6602:Central Peace Committee 6192:All-India Muslim League 5922:Muhammad Habibur Rahman 5772:Romanisation of Bengali 5665:15 October 2016 at the 5403:Islam, Rafiqul (2000). 5020:"History of Bangladesh" 4789:, February 5, 1952, p 3 4465:Islam, Rafiqul (2000). 4031:. New York: HW Wilson. 3027:"Shaheed Smritistombho" 2749:Sindh Arabic University 2747:and Vice-Chancellor of 2525:Muhammad Qudrat-i-Khuda 2521:romanisation of Bengali 2513:Muhammad Qudrat-i-Khuda 2143:Romanisation of Bengali 1624:Porto Grande de Bengala 1458:, c. 30 BCE – c. 600 AD 1392:, c. 1200 – c. 200 BCE 1386:, c. 3300 – c. 1200 BCE 1380:, c. 7600 – c. 3300 BCE 229:Political demonstration 128:For more guidance, see 7950:Islamism in Bangladesh 7945:Secularism in Pakistan 7737:Awards and decorations 7158:Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad 6766:Operation Cactus-Lilly 6761:Operation Chengiz Khan 6263:Pakistan Muslim League 5614:. Praeger Publishers. 5342:Khan, Sanjida (2012). 5128:Chronicles of Pakistan 5124:"UF elections victory" 4294:Ekusher Shongkolon '80 3300:Abdul Gaffar Choudhury 3277: 3229: 3100: 3092: 3018: 2812: 2801: 2773: 2724: 2688: 2584: 2516: 2464: 2392: 2316:Middle Indic languages 1450:Southwestern Silk Road 1398:, c. 1200 – c. 600 BCE 403:Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin 377:Collective leadership 320:Government of Pakistan 18:1952 language movement 7757:2013 Shahbag protests 7727:Muktijuddho e-Archive 7655:Liberation War Museum 7378:Minoo Merwan Engineer 7363:Gopal Gurunath Bewoor 7108:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman 6688:Operation Searchlight 6573:Pakistan Armed Forces 6390:Operation Searchlight 6385:Admiral Ahsan Mission 6268:Objectives Resolution 6217:Muslim National Guard 6013:Language Movement Day 5977:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman 5907:Abul Kalam Shamsuddin 5591:Anwar S. Dil (2000). 4296:(in Bengali). Dhaka: 3658:. pp. 145, 146. 3469:Bangla bhasha andōlon 3282:Language Movement Day 3274:Dhaka Medical College 3268: 3227: 3098: 3082: 3023:Shaheed Smritistombho 3010: 2807: 2799: 2767: 2722: 2680: 2655:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman 2594:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman 2561:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman 2559: 2546:Muhammad Enamul Haque 2511: 2477:Bhupendra Kumar Datta 2454: 2354: 2251:and belonging to the 2247:, closely related to 2225:Sir Khwaja Salimullah 2207:British Indian Empire 2183:Language Movement Day 2169:and subsequently the 2038:Bangladesh portal 1827:Surrender of Pakistan 1744:East Bengali refugees 1716:Bengal famine of 1943 1676:Bengal famine of 1770 1600:Hussain Shahi dynasty 1430:, c. 325 – c. 185 BCE 1424:, c. 350 – c. 325 BCE 1418:, c. 400 – c. 325 BCE 1416:Bengal in Mahabharata 1410:, c. 700 – c. 200 BCE 1404:, c. 700 – c. 200 BCE 1270:Bangladesh portal 1112:Theatre in Bangladesh 488:Culture of Bangladesh 130:Knowledge:Translation 101:copyright attribution 7955:Islamism in Pakistan 7368:Sourendra Nath Kohli 7301:Motiur Rahman Nizami 7168:Abu Sayeed Chowdhury 6953:Jathibhanga massacre 6807:Battle of Ajmiriganj 6751:Sinking of PNS Ghazi 6660:(Indo-Bangali group) 6499:Bangladesh Air Force 6253:Dominion of Pakistan 5962:Muhammad Shahidullah 4057:Modern Asian Studies 3841:Taylor & Francis 3618:Taylor & Francis 3499:Dominion of Pakistan 3124:United Front in 1954 3060:Perso-Arabic culture 2728:Muhammad Shahidullah 2565:Sheikh Lutfar Rahman 2498:Muhammad Shahidullah 2401:Dominion of Pakistan 2377:Dominion of Pakistan 2117:ordained as part of 2092:Dominion of Pakistan 1758:, c. 1955 – c. 1971 1735:, c. 1947 – c. 1955 1697:, c. 1858 – c. 1947 1672:, c. 1757 – c. 1858 1638:, c. 1576 – c. 1717 1591:, c. 1352 – c. 1576 1562:, c. 1204 – c. 1338 1556:, c. 1203 – c. 1600s 1479:, c. 240 – c. 550 AD 1218:World Heritage Sites 344:East Pakistan Police 7732:Artistic depictions 7711:Vijay Diwas (India) 7557:Indira-Mujib Treaty 7449:Gopal Swarup Pathak 7408:Inderjit Singh Gill 7353:Jagjit Singh Aurora 7276:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto 7153:Muhammad Mansur Ali 7148:Chitta Ranjan Dutta 7138:Dhirendranath Datta 6968:Madhyapara massacre 6863:Bangladesh genocide 6822:Battle of Longewala 6638:Indian Armed Forces 6633:Parliament of India 6151:Bengali nationalism 6136:Bengali Renaissance 5932:Mohammad Akram Khan 5832:Muhammad Ali Jinnah 5822:Dhirendranath Datta 5354:(Second ed.). 5332:, pp. 120, 126 5199:Weekly Notun Khobor 5165:(Second ed.). 4345:Shongramer Notebook 4151:(Second ed.). 4141:"Language Movement" 3982:(Second ed.). 3369:University of Dhaka 3204:Rabindranath Tagore 3109:Awami Muslim League 2949:following demands: 2931:Dhirendranath Datta 2770:Muhammad Akram Khan 2696:Muhammad Ali Jinnah 2682:Muhammad Ali Jinnah 2589:University of Dhaka 2469:Dhirendranath Datta 2411:, the secretary of 2357:Indian subcontinent 2289:Perso-Arabic script 2245:Indo-Iranian branch 2233:Nawab Viqar-ul-Mulk 2229:Sir Syed Ahmed Khan 2159:University of Dhaka 2135:Perso-Arabic script 1691:, c. 1857 – c. 1858 1689:The Great Rebellion 1685:, c. 1818 – c. 1884 1666:, c. 1717 – c. 1757 1632:, c. 1530 – c. 1666 1626:, c. 1528 – c. 1666 1620:, c. 1550 – c. 1620 1614:, c. 1540 – c. 1556 1595:Ilyas Shahi dynasty 1585:, c. 1338 – c. 1352 1583:Sonargaon Sultanate 1535:, c. 1100 – c. 1250 1529:, c. 1070 – c. 1320 1515:, c. 800 – c. 1050 427:Sir Ghulam Muhammad 391:Muhammad Ali Jinnah 254:Losing majority of 249:Bengali nationalism 7830:Military personnel 7815:Causes and prelude 7670:Shabash Bangladesh 7645:Swadhinata Stambha 7373:Nilakanta Krishnan 7291:Shah Azizur Rahman 6973:Bakhrabad massacre 6963:Chuknagar massacre 6827:Battle of Basantar 6812:Battle of Garibpur 6792:Battle of Goalhati 6716:Meghna Heli Bridge 6363:Declaration of war 6349:1970 Bhola cyclone 6334:Six point movement 6232:Partition of India 5827:Khawaja Nazimuddin 5728:History and events 5633:. Bangla Academy. 5538:. 21 February 2015 5536:The Indian Express 5512:. 21 February 2012 5510:The Times of India 5456:Ekattorer Dingulee 5430:The Wastes of Time 5258:Far Eastern Survey 5187:, pp. 608–613 5134:on 18 January 2012 5108:, pp. 600–603 5093:, pp. 594–609 5009:, pp. 120–121 4997:, pp. 546–552 4985:, pp. 515–523 4973:, pp. 417–418 4914:. 21 February 2015 4861:, pp. 377–393 4777:, pp. 192–193 4614:Far Eastern Survey 4430:, pp. 263–265 3458:বাংলা ভাষা আন্দোলন 3385:Ekushey Television 3278: 3236:at the expense of 3230: 3183:Mohammad Ali Bogra 3138:Muhammad Ali Bogra 3101: 3093: 3055:ethnic nationalism 3019: 2817:Khawaja Nazimuddin 2813: 2802: 2778:Maulana Akram Khan 2774: 2725: 2689: 2622:Khawaja Nazimuddin 2606:Kazi Golam Mahboob 2585: 2581:Dhaka Central jail 2552:Agitations of 1948 2542:Muhammad Abdul Hai 2534:on 18 April 1949. 2519:During that time, 2517: 2465: 2461:traditional script 2393: 2369:Dominion of Ceylon 2325:partition of India 2321:Bengal Renaissance 2020:Bengali literature 1889:1990 Mass Uprising 1772:Six Point Movement 1701:Bengal Renaissance 1521:, c. 900 – c. 1050 1509:, c. 750 – c. 1100 1497:, c. 600 – c. 1303 1422:Gangaridai kingdom 1134:Syed Shamsul Haque 1008:Vaishnava Padavali 109:interlanguage link 7880:Linguistic rights 7852: 7851: 7846: 7845: 7842: 7841: 7838: 7837: 7745: 7744: 7594: 7593: 7485: 7484: 7481: 7480: 7477: 7476: 7469:Dilip Mahalanabis 7319: 7318: 7176: 7175: 7133:Serajul Alam Khan 7113:Syed Nazrul Islam 7023: 7022: 7019: 7018: 6999:Related conflicts 6983:Sohagpur massacre 6938:Sutrapur massacre 6915:List of massacres 6878:Refugees in India 6832:Battle of Kushtia 6736:Operation Trident 6721:Operation Jackpot 6693:Operation Barisal 6667: 6666: 6514:Bangladesh Police 6504:Bangladesh Rifles 6407: 6406: 6403: 6402: 6222:Direct Action Day 6207:Lahore Resolution 6202:Pakistan Movement 6175:Pakistan Movement 6146:Two-nation theory 6041: 6040: 5998:Ekushey Book Fair 5912:Kazi Golam Mahbub 5852:Nurul Huq Bhuiyan 5817:Rafiq Uddin Ahmed 5621:978-0-275-97041-3 5602:978-969-0-01577-8 5344:"National Awards" 4680:978-3-030-97158-8 4271:, pp. 227–28 3850:978-1-315-41432-4 3812:978-3-030-76251-3 3774:978-0-262-52333-2 3665:978-90-04-05741-8 3627:978-1-000-81044-8 3524:Agamee Prakashani 3466: 3334:, the stage play 3290:Ekushey Book Fair 3064:two-nation theory 2911:Rafiq Uddin Ahmed 2700:Racecourse Ground 2577:Yar Mohammad Khan 2437:Nurul Huq Bhuiyan 2429:Abul Mansur Ahmed 2361:Dominion of India 2297:Devanagari script 2181:) is observed as 2072: 2071: 1822:Bangladesh Forces 1554:Bhulua (Noakhali) 1503:, c. 650 – c. 750 1491:, c. 590 – c. 626 1485:, c. 600 - c. 650 1306: 1305: 1129:Abdullah al Mamun 676:Traditional games 472: 471: 364: 363: 141: 140: 70: 66: 16:(Redirected from 7982: 7665:Aparajeyo Bangla 7625: 7624: 7618: 7617: 7600: 7599: 7491: 7490: 7398:Khem Karan Singh 7383:Hari Chand Dewan 7328: 7327: 7220:Mohammad Shariff 7185: 7184: 7123:AHM Qamaruzzaman 7067:Khaled Mosharraf 7047: 7046: 7040: 7039: 7029: 7028: 6978:Burunga massacre 6943:Jinjira massacre 6842:Battle of Atgram 6802:Battle of Dhalai 6782:Battle of Daruin 6731:Operation Python 6509:Bangladesh Ansar 6450: 6449: 6443: 6442: 6413: 6412: 6380:Rodionov message 6126: 6125: 6115: 6114: 6097: 6080: 6079: 6068: 6061: 6054: 6045: 6044: 5982:Munier Choudhury 5887:Maulana Bhashani 5882:A. K. Fazlul Huq 5877:Abdul Malek Ukil 5862:Liaquat Ali Khan 5784: 5735:Tamaddun Majlish 5714: 5707: 5700: 5691: 5690: 5678: 5677: 5644: 5625: 5606: 5578: 5577: 5575: 5573: 5564:. Archived from 5554: 5548: 5547: 5545: 5543: 5528: 5522: 5521: 5519: 5517: 5502: 5496: 5495: 5493: 5491: 5476: 5470: 5469: 5448: 5442: 5441: 5425: 5419: 5418: 5400: 5394: 5393: 5391: 5389: 5366: 5360: 5359: 5339: 5333: 5327: 5321: 5320: 5318: 5316: 5296: 5290: 5289: 5253: 5247: 5239: 5231: 5225: 5217: 5216:. 23 April 1954. 5209: 5203: 5202: 5194: 5188: 5182: 5171: 5170: 5155:"Bangla Academy" 5150: 5144: 5143: 5141: 5139: 5130:. Archived from 5120: 5109: 5103: 5094: 5088: 5082: 5081: 5042: 5036: 5035: 5033: 5031: 5016: 5010: 5004: 4998: 4992: 4986: 4980: 4974: 4968: 4962: 4956: 4950: 4949: 4947: 4945: 4933:Rafique, Ahmed. 4930: 4924: 4923: 4921: 4919: 4904: 4898: 4892: 4886: 4885: 4877: 4871: 4868: 4862: 4856: 4845: 4837: 4829: 4823: 4822: 4814: 4808: 4805: 4799: 4796: 4790: 4784: 4778: 4772: 4766: 4760: 4754: 4753: 4751: 4749: 4733: 4727: 4726: 4724: 4722: 4708: 4689: 4688: 4664: 4658: 4652: 4646: 4645: 4609: 4603: 4602: 4600: 4598: 4571: 4558: 4552: 4546: 4545: 4543: 4541: 4525: 4519: 4513: 4507: 4506: 4504: 4502: 4493:. Archived from 4487: 4481: 4480: 4462: 4456: 4455: 4437: 4431: 4425: 4410: 4401: 4382: 4381: 4379: 4377: 4363: 4357: 4356: 4354: 4352: 4335: 4329: 4328: 4308: 4302: 4301: 4290: 4284: 4283:, pp. 30–32 4278: 4272: 4266: 4260: 4254: 4248: 4247: 4235: 4229: 4228: 4202: 4178: 4161: 4160: 4159:on 7 March 2016. 4155:. Archived from 4136: 4101: 4100: 4049: 4043: 4042: 4024: 4018: 4017: 4015: 4013: 3994: 3988: 3987: 3967: 3961: 3960: 3932: 3919: 3918: 3912: 3904: 3902: 3900: 3880: 3871: 3868: 3862: 3861: 3859: 3857: 3830: 3824: 3823: 3821: 3819: 3792: 3786: 3785: 3783: 3781: 3754: 3748: 3747: 3745: 3743: 3735:banglanews24.com 3723: 3717: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3707:. pp. 52–73 3690: 3677: 3676: 3674: 3672: 3645: 3639: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3607: 3592: 3573: 3554: 3537: 3502: 3487: 3481: 3480: 3475: 3471: 3461: 3459: 3451: 3371:Vice-Chancellor 3344:Ekushey February 3340:Munier Chowdhury 3327:Jibon Theke Neya 3242:6-point movement 3154:Governor General 3142:Maulvi Abdul Haq 3134:A. K. Fazlul Huq 3003:Continued unrest 2827:Maulana Bhashani 2733:Rajshahi College 2642:Liaquat Ali Khan 2630:A. K. Fazlul Huq 2626:Dhaka High Court 2587:Students of the 2481:Liaquat Ali Khan 2467:Assembly member 2413:Tamaddun Majlish 2237:Maulvi Abdul Haq 2179:Ekushey February 2167:6-Point Movement 2151:Bengali-speaking 2084:Bengali language 2064: 2057: 2050: 2036: 2035: 2034: 2004:Related articles 1964:Smart Bangladesh 1869:Jail Killing Day 1683:Faraizi Movement 1664:Nawabs of Bengal 1589:Bengal Sultanate 1513:Arrival of Islam 1483:Harikela kingdom 1434:Samatata kingdom 1336: 1326: 1308: 1307: 1298: 1291: 1284: 1268: 1267: 1266: 830:Seven-colour tea 499: 490: 474: 473: 461: 460: 449: 448: 437: 436: 425: 424: 415:Liaquat Ali Khan 413: 412: 401: 400: 389: 388: 330: 329: 318: 317: 316: 282: 281: 251:in East Pakistan 206:Decision of the 163: 143: 142: 120: 114: 87:Google Translate 68: 64: 47: 46: 39: 21: 7990: 7989: 7985: 7984: 7983: 7981: 7980: 7979: 7855: 7854: 7853: 7848: 7847: 7834: 7783: 7741: 7715: 7674: 7612: 7590: 7520:Delhi Agreement 7515:Simla Agreement 7496: 7473: 7427: 7315: 7264: 7172: 7143:Kazi Nuruzzaman 7096: 7057:M. A. G. Osmani 7034: 7015: 6994: 6948:Akhira massacre 6909: 6846: 6837:Battle of Boyra 6817:Battle of Hilli 6770: 6676: 6674: 6663: 6621: 6597:Jamaat-e-Islami 6559: 6516: 6494:Bangladesh Navy 6472:Bangladesh Army 6437: 6399: 6358: 6317: 6241: 6170: 6120: 6109: 6108: 6084: 6074: 6072: 6042: 6037: 5986: 5942:Mohammad Sultan 5785: 5776: 5723: 5718: 5683: 5667:Wayback Machine 5651: 5641: 5622: 5603: 5587: 5585:Further reading 5582: 5581: 5571: 5569: 5556: 5555: 5551: 5541: 5539: 5530: 5529: 5525: 5515: 5513: 5504: 5503: 5499: 5489: 5487: 5481:"Move over BTV" 5477: 5473: 5466: 5449: 5445: 5426: 5422: 5415: 5401: 5397: 5387: 5385: 5383: 5367: 5363: 5340: 5336: 5328: 5324: 5314: 5312: 5303: 5297: 5293: 5270:10.2307/3024111 5254: 5250: 5232: 5228: 5211: 5210: 5206: 5196: 5195: 5191: 5183: 5174: 5151: 5147: 5137: 5135: 5122: 5121: 5112: 5104: 5097: 5089: 5085: 5062:10.2307/2645700 5043: 5039: 5029: 5027: 5018: 5017: 5013: 5005: 5001: 4993: 4989: 4981: 4977: 4969: 4965: 4957: 4953: 4943: 4941: 4935:"Shaheed Minar" 4931: 4927: 4917: 4915: 4906: 4905: 4901: 4893: 4889: 4879: 4878: 4874: 4869: 4865: 4857: 4848: 4830: 4826: 4816: 4815: 4811: 4806: 4802: 4797: 4793: 4785: 4781: 4773: 4769: 4761: 4757: 4747: 4745: 4734: 4730: 4720: 4718: 4709: 4692: 4681: 4665: 4661: 4653: 4649: 4626:10.2307/3023818 4610: 4606: 4596: 4594: 4592: 4572: 4561: 4553: 4549: 4539: 4537: 4536:on 11 June 2007 4526: 4522: 4514: 4510: 4500: 4498: 4489: 4488: 4484: 4477: 4463: 4459: 4452: 4443: 4438: 4434: 4426: 4413: 4404:Bashir Al Helal 4402: 4385: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4364: 4360: 4350: 4348: 4341: 4337: 4336: 4332: 4309: 4305: 4292: 4291: 4287: 4279: 4275: 4267: 4263: 4255: 4251: 4236: 4232: 4200:10.2307/2056443 4179: 4164: 4137: 4104: 4050: 4046: 4039: 4025: 4021: 4011: 4009: 4008:on 11 June 2007 3996: 3995: 3991: 3968: 3964: 3933: 3922: 3906: 3905: 3898: 3896: 3881: 3874: 3869: 3865: 3855: 3853: 3851: 3843:. p. 122. 3831: 3827: 3817: 3815: 3813: 3805:. p. 136. 3803:Springer Nature 3793: 3789: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3755: 3751: 3741: 3739: 3730: 3724: 3720: 3710: 3708: 3691: 3680: 3670: 3668: 3666: 3646: 3642: 3632: 3630: 3628: 3608: 3604: 3599: 3589: 3570: 3551: 3542:Umar, Badruddin 3534: 3511: 3506: 3505: 3488: 3484: 3473: 3452: 3448: 3443: 3421: 3409: 3393: 3342:and the novels 3263: 3258: 3222: 3216: 3200: 3170: 3157:Ghulam Muhammad 3126: 3077: 3051: 3005: 2972: 2927:Manoranjan Dhar 2892: 2794: 2762: 2717: 2675: 2659:Kamruddin Ahmed 2638: 2618: 2602:M Sirajul Islam 2583:on 26 June 1949 2554: 2506: 2489: 2449: 2367:(now Myanmar), 2349: 2331:session of the 2281:Delhi Sultanate 2203: 2068: 2032: 2030: 2025: 2024: 2015:Bangladeshi art 2005: 1997: 1996: 1995: 1845: 1835: 1834: 1833: 1658: 1650: 1649: 1648: 1605:Karrani dynasty 1560:Delhi Sultanate 1548: 1540: 1539: 1538: 1471: 1463: 1462: 1461: 1372: 1364: 1324: 1317: 1302: 1264: 1262: 1255: 1254: 1250:National anthem 1235: 1234: 1223: 1222: 1213: 1212: 1203: 1202: 1183: 1182: 1171: 1170: 1151: 1150: 1139: 1138: 1085: 1084: 1082:performing arts 1069: 1068: 1035:Science fiction 978:Folk literature 973: 972: 961: 960: 946: 945: 934: 933: 899: 898: 887: 886: 877:Pohela Boishakh 852: 851: 840: 839: 754: 753: 742: 741: 712: 711: 696: 695: 681:Muslim weddings 671: 670: 659: 658: 629: 628: 617: 616: 592: 591: 580: 579: 578: 577: 511: 510: 486: 468: 467: 455: 443: 431: 419: 407: 395: 383: 379: 360: 324: 314: 312: 306: 265:Declaration of 198: 169: 137: 136: 135: 118: 112: 71: 65:(December 2022) 48: 44: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7988: 7978: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7957: 7952: 7947: 7942: 7937: 7932: 7927: 7922: 7917: 7912: 7907: 7902: 7897: 7892: 7887: 7882: 7877: 7872: 7867: 7850: 7849: 7844: 7843: 7840: 7839: 7836: 7835: 7833: 7832: 7827: 7822: 7817: 7812: 7807: 7802: 7797: 7795:Liberation War 7791: 7789: 7785: 7784: 7782: 7781: 7776: 7775: 7774: 7764: 7759: 7753: 7751: 7747: 7746: 7743: 7742: 7740: 7739: 7734: 7729: 7723: 7721: 7717: 7716: 7714: 7713: 7708: 7703: 7698: 7693: 7688: 7682: 7680: 7676: 7675: 7673: 7672: 7667: 7662: 7657: 7652: 7647: 7642: 7637: 7631: 7629: 7622: 7614: 7613: 7611: 7610: 7607: 7606:Related topics 7596: 7595: 7592: 7591: 7589: 7588: 7587: 7586: 7581: 7571: 7570: 7569: 7564: 7559: 7549: 7544: 7539: 7538: 7537: 7527: 7522: 7517: 7512: 7507: 7501: 7498: 7497: 7487: 7486: 7483: 7482: 7479: 7478: 7475: 7474: 7472: 7471: 7466: 7461: 7456: 7451: 7446: 7441: 7435: 7433: 7429: 7428: 7426: 7425: 7420: 7418:E. C. Kuruvila 7415: 7413:J. F. R. Jacob 7410: 7405: 7400: 7395: 7390: 7385: 7380: 7375: 7370: 7365: 7360: 7355: 7350: 7345: 7340: 7334: 7332: 7325: 7321: 7320: 7317: 7316: 7314: 7313: 7308: 7303: 7298: 7293: 7288: 7283: 7278: 7272: 7270: 7266: 7265: 7263: 7262: 7257: 7255:Siddique Salik 7252: 7247: 7242: 7237: 7235:Khadim Hussain 7232: 7227: 7225:Rao Farman Ali 7222: 7217: 7215:Yaqub Ali Khan 7212: 7207: 7202: 7197: 7191: 7189: 7182: 7178: 7177: 7174: 7173: 7171: 7170: 7165: 7160: 7155: 7150: 7145: 7140: 7135: 7130: 7125: 7120: 7118:Tajuddin Ahmad 7115: 7110: 7104: 7102: 7098: 7097: 7095: 7094: 7089: 7084: 7082:A. K. Khandker 7079: 7074: 7072:K M Shafiullah 7069: 7064: 7059: 7053: 7051: 7044: 7036: 7035: 7025: 7024: 7021: 7020: 7017: 7016: 7014: 7013: 7008: 7002: 7000: 6996: 6995: 6993: 6992: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6958:Demra massacre 6955: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6933:Ramna massacre 6930: 6925: 6919: 6917: 6911: 6910: 6908: 6907: 6906: 6905: 6900: 6890: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6858:Blood Telegram 6854: 6852: 6848: 6847: 6845: 6844: 6839: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6794: 6789: 6784: 6778: 6776: 6772: 6771: 6769: 6768: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6743: 6738: 6733: 6728: 6723: 6718: 6713: 6708: 6703: 6698: 6695: 6690: 6685: 6679: 6677: 6672: 6669: 6668: 6665: 6664: 6662: 6661: 6655: 6654: 6653: 6635: 6629: 6627: 6623: 6622: 6620: 6619: 6614: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6593: 6592: 6569: 6567: 6561: 6560: 6558: 6557: 6552: 6551: 6550: 6548:Hemayet Bahini 6545: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6525: 6517: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6490: 6489: 6484: 6479: 6469: 6464: 6458: 6456: 6447: 6439: 6438: 6436: 6435: 6432: 6429: 6426: 6423: 6420: 6409: 6408: 6405: 6404: 6401: 6400: 6398: 6397: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6366: 6364: 6360: 6359: 6357: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6325: 6323: 6319: 6318: 6316: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6249: 6247: 6243: 6242: 6240: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6227:Noakhali riots 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6178: 6176: 6172: 6171: 6169: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6156:Bengal studies 6153: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6132: 6130: 6122: 6121: 6111: 6110: 6107: 6106: 6101: 6090: 6089: 6086: 6085: 6071: 6070: 6063: 6056: 6048: 6039: 6038: 6036: 6035: 6030: 6025: 6020: 6015: 6010: 6005: 6000: 5994: 5992: 5988: 5987: 5985: 5984: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5867:Mohammad Toaha 5864: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5837:Hamidur Rahman 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5807:Shafiur Rahman 5804: 5799: 5793: 5791: 5787: 5786: 5779: 5777: 5775: 5774: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5731: 5729: 5725: 5724: 5717: 5716: 5709: 5702: 5694: 5688: 5685: 5684: 5675: 5674: 5669: 5657: 5650: 5649:External links 5647: 5646: 5645: 5639: 5626: 5620: 5607: 5601: 5586: 5583: 5580: 5579: 5568:on 20 May 2007 5549: 5523: 5497: 5485:Himal Magazine 5471: 5464: 5452:Imam, Jahanara 5443: 5420: 5413: 5395: 5381: 5361: 5348:Islam, Sirajul 5334: 5322: 5291: 5248: 5236:New York Times 5226: 5214:New York Times 5204: 5189: 5172: 5159:Islam, Sirajul 5145: 5110: 5095: 5083: 5037: 5026:on 9 June 2007 5011: 4999: 4987: 4975: 4963: 4951: 4925: 4912:The Daily Star 4899: 4887: 4872: 4863: 4846: 4834:New York Times 4824: 4809: 4800: 4791: 4779: 4767: 4755: 4728: 4690: 4679: 4659: 4647: 4604: 4590: 4559: 4557:, pp. 2–4 4547: 4520: 4508: 4497:on 21 May 2014 4482: 4475: 4457: 4450: 4432: 4411: 4383: 4358: 4347:. 21 July 2019 4330: 4303: 4298:Bangla Academy 4285: 4273: 4261: 4249: 4230: 4162: 4145:Islam, Sirajul 4102: 4044: 4037: 4019: 3989: 3976:Islam, Sirajul 3972:"Apabhrangsha" 3962: 3943:(2): 145–154. 3920: 3872: 3863: 3849: 3825: 3811: 3787: 3773: 3767:. p. 77. 3749: 3718: 3705:Bangla Academy 3699:(in Bengali). 3678: 3664: 3640: 3626: 3601: 3600: 3598: 3595: 3594: 3593: 3587: 3574: 3568: 3555: 3538: 3532: 3522:(in Bengali). 3510: 3507: 3504: 3503: 3482: 3445: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3438: 3437: 3432: 3427: 3420: 3417: 3408: 3405: 3395:The states of 3392: 3389: 3365:Hamidur Rahman 3346:by Raihan and 3322:Shamsur Rahman 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3218:Main article: 3215: 3212: 3199: 3196: 3169: 3166: 3150:Bangla Academy 3125: 3122: 3076: 3073: 3050: 3047: 3004: 3001: 2971: 2968: 2967: 2966: 2963: 2960: 2957: 2954: 2915:Shafiur Rahman 2891: 2888: 2793: 2792:Events of 1952 2790: 2761: 2758: 2716: 2713: 2674: 2671: 2667:Tajuddin Ahmed 2637: 2634: 2617: 2614: 2553: 2550: 2505: 2502: 2488: 2485: 2448: 2445: 2365:Union of Burma 2348: 2345: 2337:British Indian 2221:Indian Muslims 2202: 2199: 2096:Bengali script 2070: 2069: 2067: 2066: 2059: 2052: 2044: 2041: 2040: 2027: 2026: 2023: 2022: 2017: 2012: 2006: 2003: 2002: 1999: 1998: 1994: 1993: 1992: 1991: 1989:Yunus ministry 1983: 1982: 1981: 1976: 1971: 1966: 1961: 1956: 1951: 1946: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1926: 1921: 1913: 1912: 1911: 1906: 1901: 1893: 1892: 1891: 1886: 1881: 1873: 1872: 1871: 1866: 1861: 1856: 1847: 1846: 1841: 1840: 1837: 1836: 1832: 1831: 1830: 1829: 1824: 1819: 1809: 1804: 1799: 1791: 1790: 1789: 1784: 1779: 1774: 1769: 1764: 1753: 1752: 1751: 1746: 1741: 1730: 1729: 1728: 1726:Noakhali riots 1723: 1718: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1692: 1686: 1680: 1679: 1678: 1667: 1660: 1659: 1656: 1655: 1652: 1651: 1647: 1646: 1645: 1644: 1633: 1627: 1621: 1618:Twelve Bhuyans 1615: 1609: 1608: 1607: 1602: 1597: 1586: 1580: 1579: 1578: 1576:Tugluq Dynasty 1573: 1571:Khalji Dynasty 1568: 1566:Mamluk Dynasty 1557: 1550: 1549: 1546: 1545: 1542: 1541: 1537: 1536: 1530: 1524: 1523: 1522: 1519:Candra dynasty 1510: 1504: 1501:Khadga dynasty 1498: 1492: 1486: 1480: 1473: 1472: 1469: 1468: 1465: 1464: 1460: 1459: 1453: 1447: 1437: 1431: 1428:Mauryan Empire 1425: 1419: 1413: 1412: 1411: 1408:Pundra kingdom 1405: 1399: 1387: 1381: 1374: 1373: 1370: 1369: 1366: 1365: 1363: 1362: 1357: 1352: 1347: 1341: 1338: 1337: 1329: 1328: 1319: 1318: 1311: 1304: 1303: 1301: 1300: 1293: 1286: 1278: 1275: 1274: 1273: 1272: 1257: 1256: 1253: 1252: 1247: 1242: 1236: 1230: 1229: 1228: 1225: 1224: 1221: 1220: 1214: 1210: 1209: 1208: 1205: 1204: 1201: 1200: 1195: 1190: 1184: 1178: 1177: 1176: 1173: 1172: 1169: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1152: 1146: 1145: 1144: 1141: 1140: 1137: 1136: 1131: 1125: 1124: 1120: 1119: 1114: 1108: 1107: 1103: 1102: 1097: 1095:Manipuri dance 1091: 1090: 1086: 1076: 1075: 1074: 1071: 1070: 1067: 1066: 1061: 1055: 1054: 1050: 1049: 1047:Bangla Academy 1043: 1042: 1038: 1037: 1032: 1027: 1022: 1020:Bengal studies 1016: 1015: 1011: 1010: 1005: 1000: 995: 990: 985: 980: 974: 968: 967: 966: 963: 962: 959: 958: 953: 947: 941: 940: 939: 936: 935: 932: 931: 926: 921: 916: 911: 906: 900: 894: 893: 892: 889: 888: 885: 884: 879: 874: 869: 864: 859: 853: 847: 846: 845: 842: 841: 838: 837: 832: 826: 825: 821: 820: 815: 810: 805: 800: 794: 793: 789: 788: 783: 778: 772: 771: 767: 766: 760: 759: 755: 749: 748: 747: 744: 743: 740: 739: 734: 729: 724: 719: 713: 703: 702: 701: 698: 697: 694: 693: 688: 686:Hindu weddings 683: 678: 672: 666: 665: 664: 661: 660: 657: 656: 651: 646: 641: 636: 630: 624: 623: 622: 619: 618: 615: 614: 609: 604: 599: 593: 587: 586: 585: 582: 581: 576: 575: 570: 565: 560: 559: 558: 553: 548: 543: 538: 525: 520: 514: 513: 512: 506: 505: 504: 501: 500: 492: 491: 483: 482: 470: 469: 466: 465: 453: 441: 439:Iskander Mirza 429: 417: 405: 393: 380: 375: 374: 371: 370: 366: 365: 362: 361: 359: 358: 353: 351:Muhajir people 348: 347: 346: 336: 335: 334: 309: 307: 305: 304: 299: 296: 291: 285: 278: 277: 273: 272: 271: 270: 263: 252: 243: 239: 238: 237: 236: 231: 224: 220: 219: 204: 200: 199: 185: 183: 179: 178: 175: 171: 170: 164: 156: 155: 148: 147: 139: 138: 134: 133: 126: 115: 93: 90: 79: 72: 53: 52: 51: 49: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7987: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7946: 7943: 7941: 7938: 7936: 7933: 7931: 7928: 7926: 7925:1952 protests 7923: 7921: 7918: 7916: 7913: 7911: 7908: 7906: 7903: 7901: 7898: 7896: 7893: 7891: 7888: 7886: 7883: 7881: 7878: 7876: 7873: 7871: 7868: 7866: 7863: 7862: 7860: 7831: 7828: 7826: 7823: 7821: 7818: 7816: 7813: 7811: 7808: 7806: 7803: 7801: 7798: 7796: 7793: 7792: 7790: 7786: 7780: 7777: 7773: 7770: 7769: 7768: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7755: 7754: 7752: 7748: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7730: 7728: 7725: 7724: 7722: 7718: 7712: 7709: 7707: 7704: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7694: 7692: 7689: 7687: 7684: 7683: 7681: 7679:Anniversaries 7677: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7633: 7632: 7630: 7626: 7623: 7621:Commemoration 7619: 7615: 7608: 7605: 7604: 7601: 7597: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7577: 7576: 7575: 7572: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7558: 7555: 7554: 7553: 7550: 7548: 7545: 7543: 7540: 7536: 7533: 7532: 7531: 7528: 7526: 7523: 7521: 7518: 7516: 7513: 7511: 7508: 7506: 7503: 7502: 7499: 7492: 7488: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7454:Rameshwar Kao 7452: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7439:Indira Gandhi 7437: 7436: 7434: 7430: 7424: 7421: 7419: 7416: 7414: 7411: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7358:K. P. Candeth 7356: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7341: 7339: 7338:Sam Manekshaw 7336: 7335: 7333: 7329: 7326: 7324:Indian allies 7322: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7292: 7289: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7274: 7273: 7271: 7267: 7261: 7258: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7248: 7246: 7243: 7241: 7238: 7236: 7233: 7231: 7228: 7226: 7223: 7221: 7218: 7216: 7213: 7211: 7208: 7206: 7203: 7201: 7198: 7196: 7193: 7192: 7190: 7186: 7183: 7179: 7169: 7166: 7164: 7161: 7159: 7156: 7154: 7151: 7149: 7146: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7105: 7103: 7099: 7093: 7092:Matiur Rahman 7090: 7088: 7085: 7083: 7080: 7078: 7077:Shafaat Jamil 7075: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7055: 7054: 7052: 7048: 7045: 7041: 7037: 7030: 7026: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7003: 7001: 6997: 6991: 6990: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6920: 6918: 6916: 6912: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6895: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6856: 6855: 6853: 6849: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6779: 6777: 6775:Major battles 6773: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6680: 6678: 6673:Campaigns and 6670: 6659: 6656: 6652: 6648: 6644: 6641: 6640: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6630: 6628: 6626:Indian allies 6624: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6591: 6587: 6583: 6579: 6576: 6575: 6574: 6571: 6570: 6568: 6566: 6562: 6556: 6555:Crack Platoon 6553: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6474: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6459: 6457: 6455: 6451: 6448: 6444: 6440: 6433: 6430: 6427: 6424: 6421: 6418: 6417: 6414: 6410: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6367: 6365: 6361: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6326: 6324: 6320: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6298:East Pakistan 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6250: 6248: 6246:East Pakistan 6244: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6212:United Bengal 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6179: 6177: 6173: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6133: 6131: 6127: 6123: 6116: 6112: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6096: 6092: 6091: 6087: 6083: 6078: 6069: 6064: 6062: 6057: 6055: 6050: 6049: 6046: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6008:Ekushey Padak 6006: 6004: 6003:Shaheed Minar 6001: 5999: 5996: 5995: 5993: 5991:Commemoration 5989: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5794: 5792: 5788: 5783: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5762:Urdu movement 5760: 5758: 5757: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5732: 5730: 5726: 5722: 5715: 5710: 5708: 5703: 5701: 5696: 5695: 5692: 5686: 5679: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5664: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5652: 5642: 5640:984-07-2968-3 5636: 5632: 5627: 5623: 5617: 5613: 5608: 5604: 5598: 5595:. Ferozsons. 5594: 5589: 5588: 5567: 5563: 5559: 5553: 5537: 5533: 5527: 5511: 5507: 5501: 5486: 5482: 5475: 5467: 5465:984-480-000-5 5461: 5457: 5453: 5447: 5439: 5435: 5431: 5424: 5416: 5414:984-8245-39-1 5410: 5406: 5399: 5384: 5382:0-521-00155-2 5378: 5374: 5373: 5365: 5357: 5353: 5349: 5345: 5338: 5331: 5326: 5310: 5309: 5304: 5295: 5287: 5283: 5279: 5275: 5271: 5267: 5263: 5259: 5252: 5246: 5242: 5237: 5230: 5224: 5220: 5215: 5208: 5200: 5193: 5186: 5185:Al Helal 2003 5181: 5179: 5177: 5168: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5149: 5133: 5129: 5125: 5119: 5117: 5115: 5107: 5106:Al Helal 2003 5102: 5100: 5092: 5091:Al Helal 2003 5087: 5079: 5075: 5071: 5067: 5063: 5059: 5055: 5051: 5047: 5046:Rahman, Tariq 5041: 5025: 5021: 5015: 5008: 5003: 4996: 4995:Al Helal 2003 4991: 4984: 4983:Al Helal 2003 4979: 4972: 4967: 4961:, p. 218 4960: 4955: 4940: 4936: 4929: 4913: 4909: 4903: 4897:, p. 483 4896: 4895:Al Helal 2003 4891: 4883: 4876: 4867: 4860: 4859:Al Helal 2003 4855: 4853: 4851: 4844: 4840: 4835: 4828: 4820: 4813: 4804: 4795: 4788: 4783: 4776: 4771: 4765:, 24 May 1950 4764: 4759: 4743: 4739: 4732: 4716: 4715: 4707: 4705: 4703: 4701: 4699: 4697: 4695: 4687: 4682: 4676: 4672: 4671: 4663: 4656: 4651: 4643: 4639: 4635: 4631: 4627: 4623: 4619: 4615: 4608: 4593: 4591:0-16-017720-0 4587: 4583: 4582: 4577: 4570: 4568: 4566: 4564: 4556: 4551: 4535: 4531: 4524: 4517: 4512: 4496: 4492: 4486: 4478: 4476:984-8245-39-1 4472: 4468: 4461: 4453: 4451:984-07-4045-8 4447: 4436: 4429: 4428:Al Helal 2003 4424: 4422: 4420: 4418: 4416: 4409: 4405: 4400: 4398: 4396: 4394: 4392: 4390: 4388: 4371: 4362: 4346: 4342: 4334: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4307: 4299: 4295: 4289: 4282: 4277: 4270: 4269:Al Helal 2003 4265: 4258: 4253: 4245: 4241: 4234: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4177: 4175: 4173: 4171: 4169: 4167: 4158: 4154: 4150: 4146: 4142: 4135: 4133: 4131: 4129: 4127: 4125: 4123: 4121: 4119: 4117: 4115: 4113: 4111: 4109: 4107: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4053:Rahman, Tariq 4048: 4040: 4038:0-8242-0970-2 4034: 4030: 4023: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3993: 3985: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3966: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3931: 3929: 3927: 3925: 3916: 3910: 3894: 3890: 3886: 3879: 3877: 3867: 3852: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3837: 3829: 3814: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3799: 3791: 3776: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3761: 3753: 3737: 3736: 3731: 3722: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3697: 3689: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3667: 3661: 3657: 3656:Brill Archive 3653: 3652: 3644: 3629: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3614: 3606: 3602: 3590: 3588:0-8078-3021-6 3584: 3580: 3575: 3571: 3569:0-19-579571-7 3565: 3561: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3533:984-401-523-5 3529: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3512: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3491:East Pakistan 3486: 3479: 3470: 3464: 3455: 3450: 3446: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3423: 3422: 3416: 3414: 3404: 3402: 3398: 3388: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3377:Zainul Abedin 3374: 3373:Mahmud Husain 3370: 3366: 3362: 3361: 3360:Shaheed Minar 3355: 3353: 3352:Shawkat Osman 3349: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3328: 3323: 3319: 3318:February 1969 3315: 3311: 3307: 3306: 3301: 3297: 3296: 3295:Ekushey Padak 3291: 3287: 3286:Shohid Dibosh 3283: 3275: 3271: 3270:Shaheed Minar 3267: 3253: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3238:East Pakistan 3235: 3234:West Pakistan 3226: 3221: 3211: 3209: 3205: 3195: 3192: 3187: 3184: 3180: 3174: 3165: 3161: 3158: 3155: 3151: 3146: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3121: 3118: 3117:Fazlur Rahman 3114: 3113:Shohid Dibosh 3110: 3106: 3097: 3090: 3089:Shaheed Minar 3086: 3081: 3072: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3056: 3046: 3043: 3039: 3034: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3016: 3015: 3009: 3000: 2998: 2997:Sofiur Rahman 2994: 2993:Nawabpur Road 2990: 2986: 2982: 2981:Jubilee Press 2977: 2964: 2961: 2958: 2955: 2952: 2951: 2950: 2947: 2942: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2903: 2898: 2887: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2859: 2854: 2852: 2847: 2843: 2841: 2836: 2835:Fazlur Rahman 2832: 2831:Arabic script 2828: 2824: 2823: 2818: 2811: 2806: 2798: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2779: 2771: 2766: 2757: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2741:Zahid Hussain 2738: 2734: 2729: 2721: 2712: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2694: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2670: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2643: 2633: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2613: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2590: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2549: 2547: 2543: 2538: 2535: 2533: 2528: 2526: 2522: 2514: 2510: 2501: 2499: 2494: 2493:Fazlur Rahman 2484: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2462: 2458: 2453: 2444: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2425: 2422: 2421:Fazlur Rahman 2418: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2390: 2387:, 1971-today 2386: 2385:East Pakistan 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2353: 2344: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2333:Muslim League 2330: 2326: 2322: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2304: 2302: 2301:Hindu culture 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2285:Mughal Empire 2282: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2267:influence on 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2253:Indo-European 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2217: 2216:lingua franca 2212: 2208: 2198: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2187:Shaheed Minar 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2163: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2123:East Pakistan 2120: 2116: 2112: 2109: 2105: 2099: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2088:lingua franca 2085: 2081: 2077: 2065: 2060: 2058: 2053: 2051: 2046: 2045: 2043: 2042: 2039: 2029: 2028: 2021: 2018: 2016: 2013: 2011: 2008: 2007: 2001: 2000: 1990: 1987: 1986: 1984: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1972: 1970: 1967: 1965: 1962: 1960: 1957: 1955: 1952: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1942: 1940: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1930: 1927: 1925: 1922: 1920: 1917: 1916: 1914: 1910: 1907: 1905: 1902: 1900: 1897: 1896: 1894: 1890: 1887: 1885: 1882: 1880: 1877: 1876: 1874: 1870: 1867: 1865: 1862: 1860: 1857: 1855: 1852: 1851: 1849: 1848: 1844: 1839: 1838: 1828: 1825: 1823: 1820: 1817: 1813: 1810: 1808: 1805: 1803: 1800: 1798: 1797: 1795: 1792: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1759: 1757: 1756:East Pakistan 1754: 1750: 1747: 1745: 1742: 1740: 1737: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1727: 1724: 1722: 1719: 1717: 1714: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1702: 1699: 1698: 1696: 1693: 1690: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1677: 1674: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1665: 1662: 1661: 1654: 1653: 1643: 1640: 1639: 1637: 1636:Mughal Empire 1634: 1631: 1628: 1625: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1610: 1606: 1603: 1601: 1598: 1596: 1593: 1592: 1590: 1587: 1584: 1581: 1577: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1567: 1564: 1563: 1561: 1558: 1555: 1552: 1551: 1544: 1543: 1534: 1531: 1528: 1525: 1520: 1517: 1516: 1514: 1511: 1508: 1505: 1502: 1499: 1496: 1495:Gour (Sylhet) 1493: 1490: 1489:Gauda Kingdom 1487: 1484: 1481: 1478: 1475: 1474: 1467: 1466: 1457: 1454: 1451: 1448: 1445: 1441: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1423: 1420: 1417: 1414: 1409: 1406: 1403: 1400: 1397: 1394: 1393: 1391: 1388: 1385: 1382: 1379: 1376: 1375: 1368: 1367: 1361: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1342: 1340: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1330: 1327: 1321: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1309: 1299: 1294: 1292: 1287: 1285: 1280: 1279: 1277: 1276: 1271: 1261: 1260: 1259: 1258: 1251: 1248: 1246: 1243: 1241: 1238: 1237: 1233: 1227: 1226: 1219: 1216: 1215: 1207: 1206: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1186: 1185: 1181: 1175: 1174: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1153: 1149: 1143: 1142: 1135: 1132: 1130: 1127: 1126: 1122: 1121: 1118: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1109: 1105: 1104: 1101: 1098: 1096: 1093: 1092: 1088: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1073: 1072: 1065: 1064:Ekushey Padak 1062: 1060: 1057: 1056: 1052: 1051: 1048: 1045: 1044: 1040: 1039: 1036: 1033: 1031: 1028: 1026: 1023: 1021: 1018: 1017: 1013: 1012: 1009: 1006: 1004: 1001: 999: 996: 994: 991: 989: 986: 984: 981: 979: 976: 975: 971: 965: 964: 957: 954: 952: 949: 948: 944: 938: 937: 930: 927: 925: 922: 920: 917: 915: 912: 910: 907: 905: 902: 901: 897: 891: 890: 883: 882:Pahela Falgun 880: 878: 875: 873: 870: 868: 865: 863: 860: 858: 855: 854: 850: 844: 843: 836: 833: 831: 828: 827: 823: 822: 819: 816: 814: 811: 809: 806: 804: 801: 799: 796: 795: 791: 790: 787: 784: 782: 779: 777: 776:Beef hatkhora 774: 773: 769: 768: 765: 762: 761: 757: 756: 752: 746: 745: 738: 735: 733: 730: 728: 725: 723: 720: 718: 715: 714: 710: 706: 700: 699: 692: 689: 687: 684: 682: 679: 677: 674: 673: 669: 663: 662: 655: 652: 650: 647: 645: 642: 640: 637: 635: 632: 631: 627: 621: 620: 613: 610: 608: 605: 603: 600: 598: 595: 594: 590: 584: 583: 574: 571: 569: 566: 564: 561: 557: 554: 552: 549: 547: 544: 542: 539: 537: 534: 533: 532: 530: 526: 524: 521: 519: 516: 515: 509: 503: 502: 498: 494: 493: 489: 485: 484: 480: 476: 475: 464: 459: 454: 452: 451:Fazlur Rahman 447: 442: 440: 435: 430: 428: 423: 418: 416: 411: 406: 404: 399: 394: 392: 387: 382: 381: 378: 372: 367: 357: 356:Muslim League 354: 352: 349: 345: 342: 341: 340: 337: 333: 332:Pakistan Army 328: 323: 322: 321: 311: 310: 308: 303: 300: 297: 295: 292: 290: 287: 286: 284: 283: 279: 274: 268: 264: 261: 257: 256:Muslim League 253: 250: 246: 245: 244: 240: 235: 234:Strike action 232: 230: 227: 226: 225: 221: 217: 213: 209: 205: 201: 196: 193:(present-day 192: 188: 187:East Pakistan 184: 180: 176: 172: 168: 162: 157: 154: 149: 144: 131: 127: 124: 116: 110: 106: 102: 98: 94: 91: 88: 84: 80: 77: 74: 73: 67: 61: 59: 54:You can help 50: 41: 40: 37: 33: 19: 7900:Islamization 7464:Jagjivan Ram 7459:Swaran Singh 7403:Sartaj Singh 7250:Inamul Haque 7163:M. A. Hannan 7062:Ziaur Rahman 6988: 6851:Other events 6658:Mitro Bahini 6543:Afsar Bahini 6538:Baten Bahini 6533:Kader Bahini 6528:Mujib Bahini 6467:Mukti Bahini 6287: 6283:United Front 6278:Awami League 6033:Ekusher Gaan 5957:Altaf Mahmud 5937:Zahir Raihan 5917:Gaziul Haque 5802:Abdul Jabbar 5754: 5720: 5630: 5611: 5592: 5570:. Retrieved 5566:the original 5561: 5552: 5540:. Retrieved 5535: 5526: 5514:. Retrieved 5509: 5500: 5490:25 September 5488:. Retrieved 5484: 5474: 5455: 5446: 5429: 5423: 5404: 5398: 5386:. Retrieved 5371: 5364: 5351: 5337: 5325: 5315:28 September 5313:. Retrieved 5311:(in Bengali) 5308:Kaler Kantho 5306: 5294: 5261: 5257: 5251: 5235: 5229: 5213: 5207: 5198: 5192: 5162: 5148: 5136:. Retrieved 5132:the original 5127: 5086: 5053: 5050:Asian Survey 5049: 5040: 5028:. Retrieved 5024:the original 5014: 5002: 4990: 4978: 4966: 4954: 4942:. Retrieved 4938: 4928: 4916:. Retrieved 4911: 4902: 4890: 4881: 4875: 4866: 4833: 4827: 4818: 4812: 4803: 4794: 4782: 4770: 4758: 4746:. Retrieved 4741: 4731: 4719:. Retrieved 4713: 4684: 4669: 4662: 4657:, p. 35 4650: 4617: 4613: 4607: 4595:. Retrieved 4580: 4550: 4538:. Retrieved 4534:the original 4523: 4518:, p. 34 4511: 4499:. Retrieved 4495:the original 4485: 4466: 4460: 4435: 4374:. Retrieved 4361: 4349:. Retrieved 4344: 4333: 4312: 4306: 4293: 4288: 4276: 4264: 4259:, p. 35 4252: 4246:(1): 99–124. 4243: 4239: 4233: 4190: 4186: 4157:the original 4148: 4060: 4056: 4047: 4028: 4022: 4010:. Retrieved 4006:the original 3992: 3979: 3965: 3940: 3936: 3897:. Retrieved 3888: 3866: 3854:. Retrieved 3835: 3828: 3816:. Retrieved 3797: 3790: 3778:. Retrieved 3759: 3752: 3740:. Retrieved 3738:(in Bengali) 3733: 3721: 3709:. Retrieved 3695: 3669:. Retrieved 3650: 3643: 3631:. Retrieved 3612: 3605: 3578: 3559: 3546: 3519: 3485: 3449: 3410: 3394: 3358: 3356: 3347: 3343: 3335: 3332:Zahir Raihan 3325: 3317: 3313: 3310:Altaf Mahmud 3305:Ekusher Gaan 3303: 3293: 3285: 3279: 3245: 3231: 3201: 3188: 3175: 3171: 3162: 3147: 3130:United Front 3127: 3112: 3104: 3102: 3068:western wing 3052: 3035: 3026: 3022: 3020: 3012: 2988: 2985:Morning News 2984: 2980: 2973: 2943: 2923:Abdul Jabbar 2893: 2855: 2848: 2844: 2820: 2814: 2786: 2782: 2775: 2737:3 State Bank 2726: 2704:fifth column 2690: 2685: 2663:Abdul Mannan 2639: 2619: 2586: 2569:Awami League 2548:opposed it. 2539: 2536: 2529: 2518: 2490: 2466: 2426: 2394: 2383:, from 1956 2305: 2269:apabhramshas 2239:. Urdu is a 2214: 2204: 2178: 2164: 2153:majority of 2139:Roman script 2119:Islamization 2100: 2090:of the then- 2075: 2073: 1843:Contemporary 1642:Bengal Subah 1612:Suri Dynasty 1533:Deva dynasty 1527:Sena dynasty 1477:Gupta Empire 1245:Coat of arms 1041:Institutions 998:Mangal-Kāvya 951:Architecture 914:Christianity 781:Haji biryani 691:Textile arts 653: 597:Bangladeshis 527: 376: 369:Lead figures 247:Uprising of 105:edit summary 96: 63: 55: 36: 7895:Arabization 7423:S. H. Sarma 7393:T. N. Raina 7388:Sagat Singh 7343:S. M. Nanda 7296:Ghulam Azam 7245:Ahmad Zamir 7240:Mitty Masud 6523:Gono Bahini 6258:East Bengal 6023:Moder Gorob 5952:Abdul Gafur 5947:Abdul Latif 5902:Shawkat Ali 5897:Abul Hashim 5872:Abdul Matin 5847:Shamsul Huq 5842:Abul Kashem 5812:Abdus Salam 5797:Abul Barkat 5542:19 November 5516:19 November 5138:11 December 4939:Banglapedia 4908:"Its True!" 4067:: 177–207. 3899:20 February 3856:27 November 3818:27 November 3780:27 November 3711:27 November 3671:27 November 3633:27 November 3516:Al Helal, B 3397:West Bengal 3381:Abul Barkat 3324:, the film 3031:Narayanganj 2976:section 144 2970:22 February 2919:Abul Barkat 2907:Abdus Salam 2890:21 February 2840:Section 144 2708:Curzon Hall 2651:Abul Kashem 2598:Shawkat Ali 2573:Shamsul Huq 2571:politician 2441:Shamsul Huq 2409:Abul Kashem 2397:East Bengal 2381:East Bengal 2379:(including 2375:), and the 2287:. With its 2155:East Bengal 2127:East Bengal 2104:East Bengal 2080:East Bengal 1733:East Bengal 1695:British Raj 1670:Company Raj 1507:Pala Empire 1355:Traditional 1323:History of 862:Eid al-Fitr 857:Eid al-Adha 770:Main dishes 242:Resulted in 177:1948 – 1956 7859:Categories 7788:Categories 7609:Categories 7535:War Report 7444:V. V. Giri 7311:Tridev Roy 7306:J.A. Rahim 7286:Nurul Amin 7230:A.O. Mitha 7210:A.K. Niazi 7205:S.M. Ahsan 7200:Tikka Khan 7195:Yahya Khan 7043:Bangladesh 6697:Cable 1971 6454:Bangladesh 6446:Combatants 6419:Combatants 6166:Joy Bangla 6129:Philosophy 5967:Nurul Amin 5857:Shahed Ali 5330:Uddin 2006 5007:Uddin 2006 4944:29 January 4918:29 January 4787:Daily Azad 4763:Daily Azad 4721:8 December 4555:Uddin 2006 4351:7 December 3701:Bangladesh 3509:References 3495:Bangladesh 3474:pronounced 3261:Bangladesh 3246:Bangladesh 3042:communists 2935:Nurul Amin 2647:Aziz Ahmad 2532:Daily Azad 2389:Bangladesh 2201:Background 1796:, c. 1971 1384:Bronze Age 1325:Bangladesh 1161:Television 983:Charyapada 970:Literature 786:Kala bhuna 764:Bakarkhani 668:Traditions 644:Vocabulary 546:Literature 463:Nurul Amin 195:Bangladesh 7805:Aftermath 7495:Aftermath 7348:P. C. Lal 7260:K.M. Arif 6651:Air Force 6586:Air Force 6434:Massacres 6422:Campaigns 6161:Bangamata 5278:0362-8949 5245:112939727 5223:113105078 5070:0004-4687 4971:Umar 1979 4959:Umar 2004 4843:112392067 4775:Umar 2004 4655:Umar 2004 4634:0362-8949 4516:Umar 2004 4325:416657937 4281:Umar 1979 4257:Umar 1979 4225:145152852 4209:0021-9118 4097:144261554 4081:1469-8099 3957:0143-4632 3765:MIT Press 3742:3 January 3597:Citations 3526:, Dhaka. 3463:romanized 3191:Ayub Khan 3075:Aftermath 2739:Governor 2459:with its 2373:Sri Lanka 1547:Mediaeval 1470:Classical 1378:Neolithic 1345:Etymology 1211:Monuments 956:Sculpture 849:Festivals 803:Rosogolla 798:Ras malai 732:Satya Pir 705:Mythology 626:Languages 203:Caused by 123:talk page 60:in Bangla 7800:Genocide 7772:timeline 7432:Civilian 7331:Military 7269:Civilian 7188:Military 7181:Pakistan 7101:Civilian 7050:Military 6675:theaters 6617:Al-Shams 6607:Razakars 6565:Pakistan 6425:Theaters 6293:One Unit 6104:Timeline 5892:Oli Ahad 5756:The Azad 5663:Archived 5454:(1986). 5438:41452432 5241:ProQuest 5219:ProQuest 4882:The Azad 4839:ProQuest 4819:The Azad 3909:cite web 3544:(1979). 3518:(2003). 3489:Renamed 3419:See also 3348:Artonaad 2983:and the 2897:tear gas 2867:Punjabis 2863:Bengalis 2753:Aga Khan 2610:Oli Ahad 2295:and the 2173:and the 2086:as a co- 1396:Janapada 1390:Iron Age 1360:Urheimat 1350:Timeline 1314:a series 1312:Part of 1193:Football 993:Jangnama 919:Hinduism 909:Buddhism 896:Religion 808:Chomchom 792:Desserts 709:folklore 639:Dialects 607:Diaspora 568:Cyclones 551:Military 541:Aviation 518:Timeline 479:a series 477:Part of 214:to make 210:and the 191:Pakistan 182:Location 151:Part of 99:provide 7825:Peoples 7820:Battles 7033:Leaders 6612:Al-Badr 6590:Marines 6487:Z Force 6482:S Force 6477:K Force 6428:Battles 5572:21 June 5388:24 June 5286:3024111 5078:2645700 5030:21 June 4748:23 June 4642:3023818 4597:16 June 4540:16 June 4217:2056443 4012:15 June 3465:: 3454:Bengali 3401:Tripura 2879:Balochs 2875:Sindhis 2871:Pathans 2457:Bangali 2405:Karachi 2329:Lucknow 2277:Prakrit 2257:Persian 2243:of the 2111:Bengali 1371:Ancient 1232:Symbols 1198:Kabaddi 1188:Cricket 1106:Theatre 929:Judaism 924:Sikhism 872:Nobanno 835:Sharbat 818:Sandesh 758:Entrées 751:Cuisine 727:Oladevi 722:Bonbibi 649:Grammar 523:Outline 508:History 276:Parties 267:Bengali 262:in 1954 223:Methods 121:to the 103:in the 62:. 7750:Trials 6431:Events 5790:People 5637: 5618: 5599: 5462: 5436: 5411: 5379: 5284: 5276: 5243: 5221: 5076: 5068: 4841: 4677: 4640: 4632: 4588: 4501:21 May 4473: 4448: 4323: 4223: 4215: 4207: 4095: 4089:312861 4087: 4079: 4035: 3955: 3889:Papers 3847: 3809: 3771: 3662: 3624: 3585: 3566: 3530: 3038:Hindus 3014:janaja 2989:janaza 2363:, the 2341:Muslim 2308:Bengal 2265:Turkic 2261:Arabic 2191:UNESCO 2147:Arabic 2108:ethnic 1657:Modern 1444:Kushan 1440:Shunga 1316:on the 1166:Cinema 1123:People 1053:Awards 1030:Novels 1025:Poetry 1014:Genres 824:Drinks 813:Jalebi 737:Manasa 717:Behula 634:Script 589:People 563:Rulers 556:Postal 536:Bengal 529:Topics 481:on the 7810:Films 6898:Album 5346:. In 5282:JSTOR 5157:. In 5074:JSTOR 4638:JSTOR 4376:5 May 4221:S2CID 4213:JSTOR 4143:. In 4093:S2CID 4085:JSTOR 4063:(1). 3974:. In 3441:Notes 3391:India 3336:Kobor 2810:Dhaka 2371:(now 2293:Hindi 2249:Hindi 2145:) or 2129:that 1180:Sport 1156:Radio 1148:Media 1117:Jatra 1100:Alkap 1089:Dance 1078:Music 1003:Puthi 988:Kissa 904:Islam 602:Names 573:Years 167:Dhaka 83:DeepL 6989:more 6903:Film 6647:Navy 6643:Army 6582:Navy 6578:Army 5635:ISBN 5616:ISBN 5597:ISBN 5574:2007 5544:2022 5518:2022 5492:2022 5460:ISBN 5434:OCLC 5409:ISBN 5390:2007 5377:ISBN 5317:2022 5274:ISSN 5140:2011 5066:ISSN 5032:2007 4946:2018 4920:2018 4750:2007 4723:2022 4675:ISBN 4630:ISSN 4599:2007 4586:ISBN 4542:2007 4503:2014 4471:ISBN 4446:ISBN 4378:2022 4353:2022 4321:OCLC 4205:ISSN 4077:ISSN 4033:ISBN 4014:2007 3953:ISSN 3915:link 3901:2008 3858:2022 3845:ISBN 3820:2022 3807:ISBN 3782:2022 3769:ISBN 3744:2017 3713:2022 3673:2022 3660:ISBN 3635:2022 3622:ISBN 3583:ISBN 3564:ISBN 3528:ISBN 3399:and 3316:and 3103:The 3040:and 2921:and 2883:Urdu 2544:and 2283:and 2273:Pali 2263:and 2235:and 2211:Urdu 2131:Urdu 2074:The 1816:Rape 1240:Flag 1080:and 867:Puja 707:and 216:Urdu 174:Date 97:must 95:You 76:View 5266:doi 5058:doi 4622:doi 4195:doi 4069:doi 3945:doi 3350:by 3338:by 3330:by 3320:by 3302:'s 3284:or 2219:of 2137:or 2125:or 2121:of 943:Art 258:in 85:or 7861:: 6649:, 6645:, 6588:, 6584:, 6580:, 5560:. 5534:. 5508:. 5483:. 5280:. 5272:. 5262:28 5260:. 5175:^ 5126:. 5113:^ 5098:^ 5072:. 5064:. 5054:37 5052:. 4937:. 4910:. 4849:^ 4740:. 4693:^ 4683:. 4636:. 4628:. 4618:23 4616:. 4578:. 4562:^ 4414:^ 4406:, 4386:^ 4343:. 4319:. 4315:. 4244:25 4242:. 4219:. 4211:. 4203:. 4191:44 4189:. 4185:. 4165:^ 4105:^ 4091:. 4083:. 4075:. 4061:31 4059:. 4000:. 3951:. 3941:18 3939:. 3923:^ 3911:}} 3907:{{ 3891:. 3887:. 3875:^ 3839:. 3801:. 3763:. 3732:. 3703:: 3681:^ 3654:. 3620:. 3616:. 3472:, 3460:, 3456:: 3354:. 3252:. 2917:, 2913:, 2909:, 2881:, 2877:, 2873:, 2869:, 2865:, 2665:, 2661:, 2657:, 2653:, 2649:, 2608:, 2604:, 2600:, 2596:, 2575:, 2567:, 2391:). 2303:. 2259:, 2231:, 2227:, 2098:. 189:, 6067:e 6060:t 6053:v 5713:e 5706:t 5699:v 5643:. 5624:. 5605:. 5576:. 5546:. 5520:. 5494:. 5468:. 5440:. 5417:. 5392:. 5358:. 5319:. 5288:. 5268:: 5238:. 5169:. 5142:. 5080:. 5060:: 5034:. 4948:. 4922:. 4836:. 4752:. 4725:. 4644:. 4624:: 4601:. 4544:. 4505:. 4479:. 4454:. 4380:. 4355:. 4327:. 4227:. 4197:: 4099:. 4071:: 4041:. 4016:. 3986:. 3959:. 3947:: 3917:) 3903:. 3860:. 3822:. 3784:. 3746:. 3715:. 3675:. 3637:. 3591:. 3572:. 3536:. 2275:– 2141:( 2063:e 2056:t 2049:v 1818:) 1814:( 1442:– 1297:e 1290:t 1283:v 531:: 197:) 132:. 125:. 34:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index