12000:(Ben Gurion) He also did not flinch from provoking the United Nations by breaking the truce agreement. But the limit of his fearlessness was a clash with a Western power. Vainly, the right and Mapam accused him of defeatism. He did not flinch from confronting them but chose to maintain good relations with the United States, which he perceived as a potential ally of the new state, and also not to provoke the British lion, even though its fangs had been drawn. At the end of the war, when Yigal Allon, who represented the younger generation of commanders that had grown up in the war, demanded the conquest of the West Bank up to the Jordan River as the natural, defensible border of the state, Ben-Gurion refused. He recognized that the IDF was militarily strong enough to carry out the conquest, but he believed that the young state should not bite off more than it had already chewed. There was a limit to what the world was prepared to accept. Furthermore, the armistice borders – which later became known as the Green Line – were better than those he had dreamed of at the beginning of the war. In Ben-Gurion's opinion, in terms of territory Israel was satisfied. It was time to send the troops home and start work on building the new nation.
7025:
but the
Palestinians, the neighboring Arab states, and the Arab League rejected it. Great Britain did everything in its power toward the end of the Palestine Mandate to frustrate the establishment of the Jewish state envisaged in the UN plan. With the expiry of the Mandate and the proclamation of the State of Israel, seven Arab states sent their armies into Palestine with the firm intention of strangling the Jewish state at birth. The subsequent struggle was an unequal one between a Jewish David and an Arab Goliath. The infant Jewish state fought a desperate, heroic, and ultimately successful battle for survival against overwhelming odds. During the war, hundreds of thousands of Palestinians fled to the neighboring Arab states, mainly in response to orders from their leaders and despite Jewish pleas to stay and demonstrate that peaceful coexistence was possible. After the war, the story continues, Israeli leaders sought peace with all their heart and all their might but there was no one to talk to on the other side. Arab intransigence was alone responsible for the political deadlock, which was not broken until President Anwar Sadat's visit to Jerusalem thirty years later.
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meeting in
Damascus on 11–13 May, Abdullah rejected the plan, which served Syrian interests, using the fact his allies were afraid to go to war without his army. He proposed that the Iraqis attack the Jezreel valley and the Arab Legion enter Ramallah and Nablus and link with the Egyptian army at Hebron, which was more in compliance with his political objective to occupy the territory allocated to the Arab State by the partition plan and promises not to invade the territory allocated to the Jewish State by the partition plan. In addition, Lebanon decided not to take part in the war at the last minute, due to the still-influential Christians' opposition and due to Jewish bribes.
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11353:'the Little Triangle': Ijzim, Ein Ghazal, and Jaba. The villages repeatedly fired at Israeli traffic along the coast road and were supplied by the Iraqis from northern Samaria. … Sniping at traffic continued after the start of the Second Truce, …on 24 July Israel launched mivtza shoter (Operation Policeman). The aim was 'to gain control' of the coast road between Zikhron Yaakov and Haifa 'and to destroy all the enemy in the area.'… By 26 July it was over. Most of the inhabitants fled before and during the attack, reaching northern Samaria; hundreds of others were forcibly expelled during the following days. At least a hundred militiamen and civilians were killed.
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5531:. The fort's Egyptian defenders had previously repulsed eight attempts to take it, including two during Operation Yoav. Israeli forces bombarded the fort before an assault with artillery and airstrikes by B-17 bombers. After breaching the outlying fences without resistance, the Israelis blew a hole in the fort's outer wall, prompting the 180 Egyptian soldiers manning the fort to surrender without a fight. The defeat prompted the Egyptians to evacuate several nearby positions, including hills the IDF had failed to take by force. Meanwhile, IDF forces took Iraq Suwaydan itself after a fierce battle, losing 6 dead and 14 wounded.
3588:", a makeshift bypass road built by Israeli forces that allowed Israeli supply convoys to pass into Jerusalem. Parts of the area where the road was built were cleared of Jordanian snipers in May and the road was completed on 14 June. Supplies had already begun passing through before the road was completed, with the first convoy passing through on the night of 1–2 June. The Jordanians spotted the activity and attempted to shell the road, but were ineffective, as it could not be seen. However, Jordanian sharpshooters killed several road workers, and an attack on 9 June left eight Israelis dead. On 18 July, elements of the
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6124:. According to Morris and Kedar, the Haganah initially used typhoid bacteria to contaminate water wells in newly cleared Arab villages to prevent the population including militiamen from returning. Later, the biological warfare campaign expanded to include Jewish settlements that were in imminent danger of being captured by Arab troops and inhabited Arab towns not slated for capture. There were also plans to expand the biological warfare campaign into other Arab states including Egypt, Lebanon and Syria, but they were not carried out.
4514:, which were within the boundaries of the proposed Jewish state, were under the control of the Arabs. The IDF captured about 50 large Arab villages outside of the boundaries of the proposed Jewish State and a larger number of hamlets and Bedouin encampments. 350 square kilometres of the proposed Jewish State were under the control of the Arab forces, while 700 square kilometres of the proposed Arab State were under the control of the IDF. This figure ignores the Negev desert which was not under any absolute control of either side.
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2118:, which had just ended; the Arabs' public rhetoric reinforced these fears". As the war progressed, the aim of expanding the Jewish state beyond the UN partition borders appeared: first to incorporate clusters of isolated Jewish settlements and later to add more territories to the state and give it defensible borders. A third and further aim that emerged among the political and military leaders after four or five months was to "reduce the size of Israel's prospective large and hostile Arab minority, seen as a potential powerful
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included in the Arab state and that
Western Galilee, or part of it, be included in Israel; that the whole of Jerusalem be part of the Arab state, with the Jewish areas enjoying municipal autonomy and that Lydda Airport and Haifa be 'free ports' – presumably free of Israeli or Arab sovereignty". Israel rejected the proposal, in particular the aspect of losing control of Jerusalem, but they did agree to extend the truce for another month. The Arabs rejected both the extension of the truce and the proposal.
7802:'Plan Dalet' or 'Plan D' was the name given by the Zionist High Command to the general plan for military operations within the framework of which the Zionists launched successive offensives in April and early May 1948 in various parts of Palestine. These offensives, which entailed the destruction of the Palestinian Arab community and the expulsion and pauperization of the bulk of the Palestine Arabs, were calculated to achieve the military fait accompli upon which the state of Israel was to be based.
2177:, the plan specified that in case of resistance, the population of conquered villages was to be expelled outside the borders of the Jewish state. If no resistance was met, the residents could stay put, under military rule. According to Morris, Plan D called for occupying the areas within the UN sponsored Jewish state, several concentrations of Jewish population outside those areas (West Jerusalem and Western Galilee), and areas along the roads where the invading Arab armies were expected to attack.
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6338:, the Palestinians suffered double the Jewish losses, with 13,000 dead, 1,953 of whom are known to have died in combat situations. Of the remainder, 4,004 remain nameless but the place, tally and date of their death is known, and a further 7,043, for whom only the place of death is known, not their identities nor the date of their death. According to Laurens, the largest part of Palestinian casualties consisted of non-combatants and corresponds to the successful operations of the Israelis.
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4819:. The Egyptians managed to penetrate the village perimeter, but the defenders concentrated in an inner position in the village and fought off the Egyptian advance until IDF reinforcements arrived and drove out the attackers. The Egyptians suffered an estimated 200 casualties, while the Israelis had 17 dead and 15 wounded. The battle was one of Egypt's last offensive actions during the war, and the Egyptians did not attack any Israeli villages following this battle.
2148:) was a plan worked out by the Haganah, a Jewish paramilitary group and the forerunner of the Israel Defense Forces, in autumn 1947 to spring 1948, which was sent to Haganah units in early March 1948. The intent of Plan Dalet is subject to much controversy, with historians on the one extreme asserting that it was entirely defensive, and historians on the other extreme asserting that the plan aimed at maximum conquest and expulsion of the Palestinians. According to
5159:. A four-man team ambushed Bernadotte's motorcade in Jerusalem, killing him and a French UN observer sitting next to him. Lehi saw Bernadotte as a British and Arab puppet, and thus a serious threat to the emerging State of Israel, and feared that the provisional Israeli government would accept the plan, which it considered disastrous. Unbeknownst to Lehi, the government had already decided to reject it and resume combat in a month. Bernadotte's deputy, American
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3183:, but crossed to Egypt after Saudi rival King Abdallah denied them permission to pass through Jordanian territory. The Saudi troops were attached to the Egyptian command throughout the war, and estimates of their total strength ranged up to 1,200. By July 1948, the Saudis comprised three brigades within the Egyptian expeditionary force, and were stationed as guards between Gaza city and Rafah. This area came under heavy aerial bombardment during
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2005:, which produced about 2.5 million bullets for Sten guns. The munitions produced by the Ayalon Institute were said to have been the only supply that was not in shortage during the war. Locally produced explosives were also plentiful. After Israel's independence, these clandestine arms manufacturing operations were moved above ground. All of the Haganah's weapons-manufacturing was centralised and later became
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the next day. That night, in anticipation of an impending
British attack, some pilots decided not to offer any resistance and left the base, while others prepared their Spitfires and were strapped into the cockpits at dawn, preparing to repel a retaliatory airstrike. However, despite pressure from the squadrons involved in the incidents, British commanders refused to authorise any retaliatory strikes.
347:
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request at the end of April to permit the landing of a squadron of
British aircraft on their way to Transjordan; e) authorization of Air France to transport cargo to Tel Aviv on 13 May; f) allowing aircraft to land on French territory in transit to Israel; g) discreet French diplomatic support for Israel in the UN; h) two arms shipments to 'Nicaragua', which were actually intended for Israel.
5046:, at 20:00 on 16 July, two days before the second ceasefire of the war. The plan went wrong from the beginning and was postponed first to 23:00 and then to midnight. It was not until 02:30 that the battle actually began. The Irgun managed to break through at the New Gate, but the other forces failed in their missions. At 05:45 on 17 July, Shaltiel ordered a retreat and to cease hostilities.
327:
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suffered light damage during the engagement. During the battle, British
Tempest pilots treated British Spitfires as potential Israeli aircraft until the British Spitfire pilots were told by radio to wiggle their wings to be more clearly identifiable. The engagement ended when the Israelis realised the danger of their situation and disengaged, returning to Hatzor Airbase.
361:
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chance of victory of the
Palestinians against the Jews. His conclusions were that they had no chance of victory and that an invasion of the Arab regular armies was mandatory. The political committee nevertheless rejected these conclusions and decided to support an armed opposition to the Partition Plan excluding the participation of their regular armed forces.
3472:. The Israeli planes dropped 70 kilogram bombs and strafed the column, although their machine guns jammed quickly. Two of the planes crashed, killing a pilot. The attack caused the Egyptians to scatter, and they had lost the initiative by the time they had regrouped. Following the air attack, Israeli forces constantly bombarded Egyptian forces in Isdud with
8033:"One of the most important problems which must be cleared up before a lasting peace can be established in Palestine is the question of the more than 700,000 Arab refugees who during the Palestine conflict fled from their homes in what is now Israeli occupied territory and are at present living as refugees in Arab Palestine and the neighbouring Arab states."
4647:. Fearing a coup by the Irgun (at the time the IDF was in the process of integrating various pre-independence political factions), Ben-Gurion ordered that the arms be confiscated by force. After some miscommunication, the army was ordered by Ben-Gurion to sink the ship. Sixteen Irgun members and three IDF soldiers were killed in the fighting.
5558:, also called Operation Ayin. The goal of the operation was to drive all remaining Egyptian forces from the Negev, destroying the Egyptian threat on Israel's southern communities and forcing the Egyptians into a ceasefire. During five days of fighting, the Israelis secured the Western Negev, expelling all Egyptian forces from the area.
2304:
state contained in the United
Nations partition resolution (in which Jerusalem was given neither to the Arab nor the Jewish state, but was to be an internationally administered area). In order to keep their support to his plan of annexation of the Arab State, Abdullah promised to the British he would not attack the Jewish State.
4204:. Several aircraft were destroyed, some others were damaged, and five Israelis were killed. Throughout the following hours, additional waves of Egyptian aircraft bombed and strafed targets around Tel Aviv, although these raids had little effect. One Spitfire was shot down by anti-aircraft fire, and its pilot was taken prisoner.
6251:'s independence in 1946. Israel controlled territories of about one-third more than was allocated to the Jewish State under the UN partition proposal. After the armistices, Israel had control over 78% of the territory comprising former Mandatory Palestine or some 21,000 km (8,000 sq mi), including the entire
7879:, p. 307, by Chris Cook and Diccon Bewes, published by Routledge, section from book: Arab-Israeli War 1948–9: Israel was invaded by the armies of its Arab neighbours on the day the British Mandate ended, 15 May 1948. After initial Arab gains, Israel counter-attacked successfully, enlarging its national territory...
5433:-Jerusalem road and ultimately to conquer the whole Negev. This was a special concern on the Israeli part because of a British diplomatic campaign to have the entire Negev handed over to Egypt and Jordan, and which thus made Ben-Gurion anxious to have Israeli forces in control of the Negev as soon as possible.
2296:." Ideally, Abdullah would have liked to annex all of Palestine, but he was prepared to compromise. He supported the partition, intending that the West Bank area of the British Mandate allocated for the Arab state be annexed to Jordan. Abdullah held secret meetings with the Jewish Agency (at which the future
11027:
4 October 2013: 'In all the Arab villages in the south almost nobody fought. The villagers were so poor, so miserable, that they didn't even have weapons ... The flight of these residents began when we started to clean up the routes used by those accompanying the convoys. Then we began to expel them,
7245:
and other historians hold that "there is no established, authoritative
Palestinian master narrative." They attribute this to, among other reasons, the dispersed and fragmented state of the Palestinian community and the loss, destruction, or appropriation by Israel of relevant documents and libraries.
7128:
In this period, the focus of
Israeli historical writing on 1948 shifted largely from its human impact back to its military aspects. Neo-Zionist writers were given selective access to top-secret material, to which writers critical of Zionism would not have been given access, and much of their work was
6994:
A major reason for this grip of the past over the present is the unfulfilled quest of both Israelis and Palestinians for legitimacy, in one or more of the following three senses: (a) each party's sense of its own legitimacy as a national community entitled to its own sovereign state; (b) each party's
5776:
The day following the incident, British pilots were issued a directive to regard any Israeli aircraft infiltrating Egyptian or Jordanian airspace as hostile and to shoot them down, but were also ordered to avoid activity close to Israel's borders. Later in January 1949, the British managed to prevent
5542:
infantry covered the rear. An Egyptian counterattack was repulsed. The Egyptians planned another counterattack, but it failed after Israeli aerial reconnaissance revealed Egyptian preparations, and the Israelis launched a preemptive strike. About 100 Egyptians were killed, and 5 tanks were destroyed,
4678:
and a team of UN Observers made up of army officers from Belgium, United States, Sweden and France. Bernadotte was voted in by the General Assembly to "assure the safety of the holy places, to safeguard the well-being of the population, and to promote 'a peaceful adjustment of the future situation of
4408:
The ships were put into minimum running condition by contractors dressed as stevedores and port personnel, who were able to work in the engine rooms and below deck. The work had to be clandestine to avoid arousing British suspicion. On 21 May 1948, the three ships set sail for Tel Aviv, and were made
3108:
In 1948, Egypt's army was able to put a maximum of around 40,000 men into the field, 80% of its military-age male population were unfit for military service, and its embryonic logistics system was limited in its ability to support ground forces beyond its borders. Initially, an expeditionary force of
3088:
France prevented a large sale of arms by a Swiss company to Ethiopia, brokered by the UK foreign office, which was actually destined for Egypt and Jordan, and denied a British request at the end of April to land a squadron of British aircraft on its way to Transjordan, and applied diplomatic pressure
2420:
On 12 May, three days before the invasion, David Ben-Gurion was told by his chief military advisers (who over-estimated the size of the Arab armies and the numbers and efficiency of the troops who would be committed – much as the Arab generals tended to exaggerate Jewish fighters' strength) that
2334:
the Egyptian Ministry of Defence's first communique describe the Palestine operations as a merely punitive expedition against the Zionist "gangs", using a term frequent in Haganah reports of Palestinian fighters. According to a 2019 study, "senior British intelligence, military officers and diplomats
2097:
The effective number of Arab combatants is listed as growing to 12,000 by some historians while others calculate an eventual total Arab strength of approximately 23,500 troops, and with this being more of less or roughly equal to that of the Yishuv. However, as Israel mobilised most of its most able
11521:
If the front lines of 14 October were to turn into permanent borders, Israel would be truncated and extremely vulnerable. Moreover, the no-peace, no-war situation was untenable. As David Ben-Gurion put it to his ministers on 26 September, "A protracted truce will break us. The Egyptian expeditionary
10067:
King Abdullah had always acknowledged Arab (as distinct from Jordanian) weakness, and his son, Prince Talal, openly predicted defeat. at the last moment, several leaders, including King Ibn Sagud and Azzam Pasha – to avert catastrophe – secretly appealed to the British to soldier on in Palestine for
9937:.= Iraq had dispatched 3,000 troops to the front in May and in the months that followed a further 15,000 troops were sent, making them the largest single Arab force in Palestine (also – The War for Palestine: Rewriting the History of 1948, edited by Eugene L. Rogan, Avi Shlaim, chapter at pp. 125–49)
8355:
At the time, Ben-Gurion and the HGS believed that they had initiated a one-shot affair, albeit with the implication of a change of tactics and strategy on the Jerusalem front. In fact, they had set in motion a strategic transformation of Haganah policy. Nahshon heralded a shift from the defensive to
7024:
The conflict between Jews and Arabs in Palestine came to a head following the passage, on 29 November 1947, of the United Nations partition resolution that called for the establishment of two states, one Jewish and one Arab. The Jews accepted the U.N. plan despite the painful sacrifices it entailed,
7011:
The Israelis, whether or not they were conquerors, were irrefutably the victors of the war, and for this reason among others, "they were able to propagate more effectively than their opponents their version of this fateful war." Only in 1987 was that narrative effectively challenged outside the Arab
6301:
Just before the signing of the Israel-Transjordan armistice agreement, general Yigal Allon proposed a military offensive to conquer the West Bank up to the Jordan River as the natural, defensible border of the state. Ben-Gurion refused, although he was aware that the IDF was militarily strong enough
5712:
Israeli soldiers on the ground, alerted by the sound of the approaching Spitfires and fearing another Egyptian air attack, opened fire with machine guns. One Spitfire was shot down by a tank-mounted machine gun, while the other was lightly damaged and rapidly pulled up. The remaining three Spitfires
4714:
Taking all the issues into account, Bernadotte presented a new partition plan. He proposed there be a Palestinian Arab state alongside Israel and that a "Union" "be established between the two sovereign states of Israel and Jordan (which now included the West Bank); that the Negev, or part of it, be
4626:
The Israeli army increased its manpower from approximately 30,000–35,000 men to almost 65,000 during the truce due to mobilisation and the constant immigration into Israel. It was also able to increase its arms supply to more than 25,000 rifles, 5,000 machine guns, and fifty million bullets. As well
4517:
In the period between the invasion and the first truce the Syrian army had 315 of its men killed and 400–500 injured; the Iraqi expeditionary force had 200 of its men killed and 500 injured; the Jordanian Arab Legion had 300 of its men killed and 400–500 injured (including irregulars and Palestinian
4229:
Although lacking fighter or bomber aircraft, in the first few days of the war, Israel's embryonic air force still attacked Arab targets, with light aircraft being utilised as makeshift bombers, striking Arab encampments and columns. The raids were mostly carried out at night to avoid interception by
2253:
According to Gelber, the Arab countries were "drawn into the war by the collapse of the Palestinian Arabs and the Arab Liberation Army the Arab governments' primary goal was preventing the Palestinian Arabs' total ruin and the flooding of their own countries by more refugees. According to their own
1776:
The operation was successful, and enough foodstuffs to last two months were trucked into Jerusalem for distribution to the Jewish population. The success of the operation was assisted by the death of al-Husayni in combat. During this time, and independently of Haganah or the framework of Plan Dalet,
1652:
was greeted with overwhelming joy in Jewish communities and widespread outrage in the Arab world. In Palestine, violence erupted almost immediately, feeding into a spiral of reprisals and counter-reprisals. The British refrained from intervening as tensions boiled over into a low-level conflict that
9467:
a) the suspension of arms sales to Syria, notwithstanding signed contracts; b) prevention of a large sale of arms by a Swiss company to Ethiopia, which was actually destined for Egypt and Transjordan; c) diplomatic pressure on Belgium to suspend arms sales to the Arab states; d) denial of a British
5303:
Some prisoners were reportedly executed by the Israeli forces. An estimated 50,000 Palestinian refugees fled into Lebanon, some of them fleeing ahead of the advancing forces, and some expelled from villages which had resisted, while the Arab inhabitants of those villages which had remained at peace
5213:
The Arabs claimed that the Israelis had massacred Arab civilians, but the Israelis rejected the claims. A United Nations investigation found no evidence of a massacre. Following the operation, the Tel Aviv-Haifa road was opened to Israeli military and civilian traffic, and Arab roadblocks along the
4785:
veteran of the Southern front, hardly any Arab villages in the south fought back, due to the miserable poverty of their means and lack of weapons, and suffered expulsion. What slight resistance was offered was quelled by an artillery barrage, followed by the storming of the village, whose residents
4710:
After the truce was in place, Bernadotte began to address the issue of achieving a political settlement. The main obstacles in his opinion were "the Arab world's continued rejection of the existence of a Jewish state, whatever its borders; Israel's new 'philosophy', based on its increasing military
4614:
stated that the four-week-long truce "would certainly be exploited by the Jews to continue military training and reorganization while the Arabs would waste feuding over the future divisions of the spoils". During the truce, the Israelis sought to bolster their forces by massive import of arms. The
4321:
and dropped several dozen 55 and 110-pound bombs, hitting the King's Palace and an adjacent British airfield. Some 12 people were killed and 30 wounded. During the attack, an RAF hangar was damaged, as were some British aircraft. The British threatened that in the event of another such attack, they
3520:
and Israeli forces. As part of the redeployment to deal with the Egyptian advance, the Israelis abandoned the Latrun fortress overlooking the main highway to Jerusalem, which the Arab Legion immediately seized. The Arab Legion also occupied the Latrun Monastery. From these positions, the Jordanians
3104:
had 100 planes, mostly British. Initially the Iraqis committed around 3,000 men to the war effort, including four infantry brigades, one armoured battalion and support personnel. These were to operate under Jordanian guidance. The first Iraqi forces to be deployed reached Jordan in April 1948 under
5772:
was placed on high alert. At Hatzor Airbase, the general consensus among the pilots, most of whom had flown with or alongside the RAF during World War II, was that the RAF would not allow the loss of five aircraft and two pilots to go without retaliation, and would probably attack the base at dawn
5708:
area flew over an Israeli convoy that had been attacked by five Egyptian Spitfires fifteen minutes earlier. The pilots had spotted smoking vehicles and were drawn to the scene out of curiosity. Two planes dived to below 500 feet altitude to take pictures of the convoy, while the remaining two
5604:
was launched following nearly a month of reconnaissance, with the goal of securing the Southern Negev from Jordan. The IDF entered and secured the territory, but did not meet significant resistance along the way, as the area was already designated to be part of the Jewish state in the UN Partition
5417:
Israel launched a series of military operations to drive out the Arab armies and secure the borders of Israel. However, invading the West Bank might have brought into the borders of the expanding State of Israel a massive Arab population it could not absorb. The Negev desert was an empty space for
5209:
Israeli assaults on 24 and 25 July were beaten back with stiff resistance. The Israelis then broke the Arab defences with a combined infantry and armour assault backed by heavy shelling and bombing. Three Arab villages surrendered, and most of the inhabitants fled before and during the attack. The
4447:
As the war progressed, the IDF managed to field more troops than the Arab forces. In July 1948, the IDF had 63,000 troops; by early spring 1949, they had 115,000. The Arab armies had an estimated 40,000 troops in July 1948, rising to 55,000 in October 1948, and slightly more by the spring of 1949.
3346:
The first mission of the Jewish forces was to hold on against the Arab armies and stop them, although the Arabs had enjoyed major advantages (the initiative, vastly superior firepower). As the British stopped blocking the incoming Jewish immigrants and arms supply, the Israeli forces grew steadily
2208:
The Arab League before partition affirmed the right to the independence of Palestine, while blocking the creation of a Palestinian government. Towards the end of 1947, the League established a military committee commanded by the retired Iraqi general Isma'il Safwat whose mission was to analyse the
1699:
While the Jewish population had received strict orders requiring them to hold their ground everywhere at all costs, the Arab population was more affected by the general conditions of insecurity to which the country was exposed. Up to 100,000 Arabs, from the urban upper and middle classes in Haifa,
12226:
In order to highlight the plight of the refugees and to put pressure on Israel to admit responsibility for them, Arab countries (except Transjordan) have denied citizenship rights to the Palestinians in their midst; in so doing, they claimed they were serving the interests of the Palestinians and
7085:
According to Shlaim, the new historians disagreed with the Zionist narrative on six main points: British policy with regard to the Yishuv at the end of the Palestine Mandate, the military balance in 1948, the origins of the Palestinian refugee problem, the nature of relations between Israelis and
6974:
An issue affecting the historiography of 1948 is access to sources and archives, which may have been destroyed, appropriated, censored, or otherwise made unavailable to some or all researchers. Linguistic barriers represent another hurdle, as most research is published exclusively in the author's
6927:
Jewish immigrants from Arab and Muslim countries left for numerous reasons. The war's outcome had exacerbated Arab hostilities to local Jewish communities. News of the victory aroused messianic expectations in Libya and Yemen; Zionism had taken root in many countries; active incentives for making
5747:
The Tempests found they could not jettison their external fuel tanks, and some had non-operational guns. Schroeder shot down a British Tempest, killing pilot David Tattersfield, and Weizman severely damaged a British plane flown by Douglas Liquorish. Weizman's plane and two other British aircraft
5210:
Israeli soldiers and aircraft struck one of the Arab retreat routes, killing 60 Arab soldiers.. Most of the inhabitants fled before and during the attack, reaching northern Samaria; hundreds were forcibly expelled during the following days. At least a hundred militiamen and civilians were killed.
3161:
Lebanon's army was the smallest of the Arab states, consisting of 3,500 soldiers. According to Gelber, in June 1947, Ben-Gurion "arrived at an agreement with the Maronite religious leadership in Lebanon that cost a few thousand pounds and kept Lebanon's army out of the War of Independence and the
10433:
On 26–27 May, the Legionnaires took the Hurvat Israel (or "Hurva") Synagogue, the quarter's largest and most sacred building, and then, without reason, blew it up. 'This affair will rankle for generations in the heart of world Jewry,' predicted one Foreign Office official. The destruction of the
5755:
personally ordered the wrecks of the RAF fighters that had been shot down to be dragged into Israeli territory. Israeli troops subsequently visited the crash sites, removed various parts, and buried the other aircraft. However, the Israelis did not manage to conceal the wrecks in time to prevent
2993:
was considered the most effective Arab force. Armed, trained and commanded by British officers, this 8,000–12,000 strong force was organised in four infantry/mechanised regiments supported by some forty artillery pieces and seventy-five armoured cars. Until January 1948, it was reinforced by the
2303:
was among the delegates) that reached an agreement of Jewish non-interference with Jordanian annexation of the West Bank (although Abdullah failed in his goal of acquiring an outlet to the Mediterranean Sea through the Negev desert) and of Jordanian agreement not to attack the area of the Jewish
5170:
of Israel passed the Area of Jurisdiction and Powers Ordnance, 5708–1948. The law officially added to Israel's size by annexing all land it had captured since the war began. It also declared that from then on, any part of Palestine captured by the Israeli army would automatically become part of
4530:
The UN declared a truce on 29 May, which came into effect on 11 June and lasted 28 days. The truce was designed to last 28 days and an arms embargo was declared with the intention that neither side would make any gains from the truce. Neither side respected the truce; both found ways around the
2307:
The neighbouring Arab states pressured Abdullah into joining them in an "all-Arab military invasion" against the newly created State of Israel, that he used to restore his prestige in the Arab world, which had grown suspicious of his relatively good relationship with Western and Jewish leaders.
7124:
period, "not only were Israel's brutal military operations against the Palestinians during the new intifada seen as justified, but so was their systematic expulsion in 1948." Evidence of the expulsions, massacres, and war crimes of 1948 brought to light by the New Historians could no longer be
3478:
cannons, and IDF patrols engaged in small-scale harassment of Egyptian lines. Following another air attack, the Givati Brigade launched a counterattack. Although the counterattack was repulsed, the Egyptian offensive was halted as Egypt changed its strategy from offensive to defensive, and the
3335:
The initial Arab plans called for Syrian and Lebanese forces to invade from north while Jordanian and Iraqi forces were to invade from east in order to meet at Nazareth and then to push forward together to Haifa. In the south, the Egyptians were to advance and take Tel Aviv. At the Arab League
2129:
leadership drew parallels between the war and the biblical wars of extermination, and states this was not a fringe position. IDF indoctrination pamphlets were distributed to recruits instructing them that God “demands a revenge of extermination without mercy to whoever tries to hurt us for no
2049:
There were also several thousand men and women who had served in the British Army in World War II who did not serve in any of the underground militias but would provide valuable military experience during the war. Walid Khalidi says the Yishuv had the additional forces of the Jewish Settlement
7857:
In the first phase of the conflict, from the passage of the United Nations partition resolution on 29 November 1947 until the proclamation of statehood on 14 May 1948, the Yishuv had to defend itself against attacks from Palestinian irregulars and volunteers from the Arab world. Following the
7195:
Unlike Israeli narratives that shifted over the decades, Palestinian narratives of 1948 have been more or less constant, focusing on Palestinians' indigenous rights to Palestine, Palestinian victimhood, dispossession, displacement, exile, statelessness, and more "unrequited grievances against
1914:
In 1946, Ben-Gurion decided that the Yishuv would probably have to defend itself against both the Palestinian Arabs and neighbouring Arab states and accordingly began a "massive, covert arms acquisition campaign in the West", and acquired many more during the first few months of hostilities.
7029:
According to Shlaim, this narrative is "not history in the proper sense of the word," as most of the literature on the war was produced – not by professional academic historians – but rather by participants in the war, politicians, soldiers, and state-sponsored
2344:
One result of the ambitions of the various Arab leaders was a distrust of all the Palestinian leaders who wished to set up a Palestinian state, and a mutual distrust of each other. Co-operation was to be very poor during the war between the various Palestinian factions and the Arab armies.
2464:
Yishuv forces were organised in nine brigades, and their numbers grew following Israeli independence, eventually expanding to twelve brigades. Although both sides increased their manpower over the first few months of the war, the Israeli forces grew steadily as a result of the progressive
5760:, 6 km (4 mi) inside Israel. Interviews with local Arabs confirmed that the Israelis had visited the crash sites to remove and bury the wrecks. Tattersfield was initially buried near the wreckage, but his body was later removed and reburied at the British War Cemetery in
2224:
5494:, with three Israeli corvettes facing an Egyptian corvette with air support. An Israeli sailor was killed and four wounded, and two of the ships were damaged. One Egyptian plane was shot down, but the corvette escaped. Israeli naval vessels also shelled Majdal on 17 October, and
3813:, when they were stopped. On 29 May, an Israeli attack against the Iraqis led to three days of heavy fighting over Jenin, but Iraqi forces managed to hold their positions. After these battles, the Iraqi forces became stationary and their involvement in the war effectively ended.
2054:
was instituted for all men and women aged between 17 and 25 and by the end of March, 21,000 had been conscripted. On 30 March, the call-up was extended to men and single women aged between 26 and 35. Five days later, a General Mobilization order was issued for all men under 40.
16292:
2114:'s aims evolved during the war. Mobilisation for a total war was organised. Initially, the aim was "simple and modest": to survive the assaults of the Palestinian Arabs and the Arab states. "The Zionist leaders deeply, genuinely, feared a Middle Eastern reenactment of the
11279:
In recent years, several members of the group known by the British as the Stern Gang have acknowledged responsibility for the killing. Mr. Shamir, who was a member of the Stern Gang, has declined to discuss the killing, and one of his spokesman has said he had no role in
2312:
told the British that were other Arab armies to advance against Israel, Jordan would follow suit. On 23 May Abdullah told the French consul in Amman that he "was determined to fight Zionism and prevent the establishment of an Israeli state on the border of his kingdom".
6242:
with Egypt on 24 February, Lebanon on 23 March, Transjordan on 3 April, and Syria on 20 July. The Armistice Demarcation Lines, as set by the agreements, saw the territory under Israeli control encompassing approximately three-quarters of the prior British administered
1835:
The British had essentially withdrawn their troops. This pushed the leaders of the neighbouring Arab states to intervene, but they were not fully prepared, and could not assemble sufficient forces to turn the tide. The majority of Palestinian Arab hopes lay with the
5767:
In response, the RAF readied all Tempests and Spitfires to attack any IAF aircraft they encountered and bomb IAF airfields. British troops in the Middle East were placed on high alert with all leave cancelled, and British citizens were advised to leave Israel. The
4799:, which they had previously failed to capture, using three infantry battalions, an armoured battalion, and an artillery regiment. In the battle that followed, the Egyptians were repulsed, suffering 200–300 casualties, while the Israelis lost 5 dead and 16 wounded.
2965:
volunteers, 1,000 Lebanese, and several hundred Saudis), in addition to the irregular Palestinians already present. These Arab forces had been trained by British and French instructors; this was particularly true of Jordan's Arab Legion under command of Lt Gen Sir
2329:
was anxious to prevent Abdullah from being seen as the main champion of the Arab world in Palestine, which he feared might damage his own leadership aspirations of the Arab world. In addition, Farouk wished to annex all of southern Palestine to Egypt. According to
6858:
instructed its members to deny Palestinians citizenship "to avoid dissolution of their identity and protect their right of return to their homeland." More than 1.4 million Palestinians still live in 58 recognised refugee camps, while more than 5 million
3733:
south of Jerusalem. After a fierce battle in which 31 Jordanians and 13 Israelis were killed, the defenders of Ramat Rachel withdrew, only to partially retake the kibbutz the following day. Fighting continued until 26 May, until the entire kibbutz was recaptured.
2316:
Abdullah's role in this war became substantial. He saw himself as the "supreme commander of the Arab forces" and "persuaded the Arab League to appoint him" to this position. Through his leadership, the Arabs fought the 1948 war to meet Abdullah's political goals.
14602:
13787:
4912:. Lydda had become an important military center in the region, lending support to Arab military activities elsewhere, and Ramle was one of the main obstacles blocking Jewish transportation. Lydda was defended by a local militia of around 1,000 residents, with an
6302:
to carry out the conquest. He feared the reaction of Western powers and wanted to maintain good relations with the United States and not to provoke the British. Moreover, the results of the war were already satisfactory and Israeli leaders had to build a state.
3524:
The Israelis attempted to take the Latrun fortress in a series of battles lasting from 24 May to 18 July. The Arab Legion held Latrun and managed to repulse the attacks. During the attempts to take Latrun, Israeli forces suffered some 586 casualties, among them
1519:, and expeditionary forces from Iraq entered Palestine. The invading forces took control of the Arab areas and attacked Israeli forces and several Jewish settlements. The 10 months of fighting took place mostly on the territory of the British Mandate and in the
2090:, by the end of 1947, the Palestinians already "had a healthy and demoralising respect for the Yishuv's military power" and if it came to battle, the Palestinians expected to lose. When the first violent incidents broke out in Jerusalem on the 29 November, the
3971:
village. The Syrians were forced to besiege the kibbutz rather than advance. One author claims that the main reason for the Syrian defeat was the Syrian soldiers' low regard for the Israelis who they believed would not stand and fight against the Arab army.
3725:
of the Old City. The 1,500 Jewish inhabitants of the Old City's Jewish Quarter were expelled, and several hundred were detained. The Jews had to be escorted out by the Arab Legion to protect them against Palestinian Arab mobs that intended to massacre them.
5596:
failed to take the Falluja Pocket, but managed to seize Iraq el-Manshiyeh and temporarily hold it. The Egyptians counterattacked, but were mistaken for a friendly force and allowed to advance, trapping a large number of men. The Israelis lost 87 soldiers.
5577:, with the goal of encircling the entire Egyptian expeditionary force. Israeli forces pulled out of the Sinai on 2 January 1949 following joint British-American pressure and a British threat of military action. IDF forces regrouped at the border with the
5308:
and Birim were persuaded to leave their homes by Israeli authorities, who promised them that they would be allowed to return. Israel eventually decided not to allow them to return, and offered them financial compensation, which they refused to accept.
5201:
and were supplied by the Iraqis from northern Samaria. The sniping at traffic continued during the Second Truce. The poorly-planned assaults on 18 June and 8 July had failed to dislodge Arab militia from their superior positions. The Israelis launched
6850:
as a relief and human development agency tasked with providing humanitarian assistance to Palestinian refugees. Arab nations refused to absorb Palestinian refugees, instead keeping them in refugee camps while insisting that they be allowed to return.
1692:'s armoured vehicles had been destroyed, the blockade was in full operation, and hundreds of Haganah members who had tried to bring supplies into the city were killed. The situation for those who dwelt in the Jewish settlements in the highly isolated
7267:
wrote with a focus on distilling and extracting historical lessons to galvanize Arab society, politics, and ideology in preparation for the next conflict with Israel – neither approach bridled itself too much with historical accuracy.
1687:
authorities tried to supply the city with convoys of up to 100 armoured vehicles, but the operation became more and more impractical as the number of casualties in the relief convoys surged. By March, Al-Hussayni's tactic had paid off. Almost all of
16285:
16400:
2368:
on 8 September under the nominal leadership of the Mufti. Abdullah regarded the attempt to revive al-Husayni's Holy War Army as a challenge to his authority and all armed bodies operating in the areas controlled by the Arab Legion were disbanded.
4217:
As more effective air defences were transferred to Tel Aviv, the Egyptians began taking significant aircraft losses. As a result of these losses, as well as the loss of five Spitfires downed by the British when the Egyptians mistakenly attacked
11240:
Mr. Shamir, nearly 80, still speaks elliptically about the Bernadotte assassination. Years later, when Ben-Gurion moved to a kibbutz in the Negev desert, Sdeh Bokker, one of his closest friends there was Yehoshua Cohen, who had been one of the
2180:
The Yishuv perceived the peril of an Arab invasion as threatening its very existence. Having no real knowledge of the Arabs' true military capabilities, the Jews took Arab propaganda literally, preparing for the worst and reacting accordingly.
4022:
In the continuity of the civil war between Jewish and Arab forces that had begun in 1947, battles between Israeli forces and Palestinian Arab militias took place, particularly in the Lydda, al-Ramla, Jerusalem, and Haifa areas. On 23 May, the
5756:
British reconnaissance planes from photographing them. An RAF salvage team was deployed to recover the wrecks, entering Israeli territory during their search. Two were discovered inside Egypt, while Tattersfield's Tempest was found north of
8014:"It is impossible to arrive at a definite persuasive estimate. My predilection would be to opt for the loose contemporary British formula, that of 'between 600,000 and 760,000' refugees; but, if pressed, 700,000 is probably a fair estimate"
5805:
to facilitate peace between Israel and Arab states. However, many of the resolution's articles were not fulfilled, since these were opposed by Israel, rejected by the Arab states, or were overshadowed by war as the 1948 conflict continued.
3347:
with large numbers of immigrants and weapons, that allowed the Haganah to transform itself from a paramilitary force into a real army. Initially, the fighting was handled mainly by the Haganah, along with the smaller Jewish militant groups
3323:
later stated that had it not been for the Arab invasion, Haganah's forces would have reached 'the natural borders of western Israel.' Although the Arab invasion was denounced by the United States, the Soviet Union, and UN secretary-general
16278:
7258:
In the narratives of the wider Arab-Muslim world, 1948 is seen as an "Arab debacle," representative of the region's social and political decline from its "glorious distant past." The official narratives of Arab states on 1948 tended to be
3706:
cut off supplies to western Jerusalem. Though some supplies, mostly munitions, were airdropped into the city, the shortage of food, water, fuel and medicine was acute. The Israeli forces were seriously short of food, water and ammunition.
12061:
The clearest expression of this 'activist' approach is found in a "personal, top secret" letter sent by Yigal Allon to BG shortly after ... We cannot imagine a border more stable than the Jordan River, which runs the entire length of the
1727:
cause, the Jewish representatives of Palestine were able to sign very important armament contracts in the East. Other Haganah agents recovered stockpiles from the Second World War, which helped improve the army's equipment and logistics.
3097:, which was abandoned by ALA combatants before the arrival of the Jordanian forces and the importance of which was not fully understood by the Haganah. In the later stages of the war, Latrun proved a decisive factor in Jerusalem's fate.
5300:. The entire operation lasted just 60 hours, during which numerous villages were captured, often after locals or Arab forces put up resistance. Arab losses were estimated at 400 dead and 550 taken prisoner, with low Israeli casualties.
6931:
Some Arab governments, Egypt, for example, held their Jewish communities hostage at times. Persecution, political instability, and news of a number of violent pogroms also played a role. Some 800,000–1,000,000 Jews eventually left the
7844:
14632:
5585:
the following day, and after several days of fighting, Egyptian forces in the Gaza Strip were surrounded. The Egyptians agreed to negotiate a ceasefire on 7 January, and the IDF subsequently pulled out of Gaza. According to Morris,
2094:, well aware of their lack of armaments, had called for a three-day strike: the most militant Palestinian group in the city, consisting of 44 fighters, was furnished with 12 rifles, some handguns and a few kilograms of explosives.
12030:
in March 1949, just before the signing of the Israel-Transjordan armistice agreement, when IDF general Yigal Allon proposed conquering the West Bank, Ben-Gurion turned him down flat. Like most Israelis, Ben-Gurion had given up the
4273:
to counter British-designed Spitfires flown by Egypt. Throughout the rest of the war, Israel would acquire more Avia fighters, as well as 62 Spitfires from Czechoslovakia. On 28 May 1948, Sherut Avir became the Israeli Air Force.
3206:
During the first truce, Sudan sent six companies of regular troops to fight alongside the Egyptians. Yemen also committed a small expeditionary force to the war effort, and contingents from Morocco joined the Arab armies as well.
7030:
historians, as well as by sympathetic journalists, chroniclers, and biographers. It also portrays Israelis as morally superior, lacks political analysis, and gives undue weight to "the heroic feats of the Israeli fighters." This
4742:
The fighting continued for ten days until the UN Security Council issued the Second Truce on 18 July. During those 10 days, the fighting was dominated by large-scale Israeli offensives and a defensive posture from the Arab side.
1707:
to believe that the Palestinian Arabs, reinforced by the Arab Liberation Army, could put an end to the plan. However, the British decided on 7 February 1948 to support the annexation of the Arab part of Palestine by Transjordan.
2335:
in Cairo were deeply involved in a covert scheme to drive the King to participate in the Arab states' war coalition against Israel." These intelligence officers acted without the approval or knowledge of the British government.
4297:
began engaging the Arab air forces in air-to-air combat. The first dogfight took place on 8 June, when an Israeli fighter plane flown by Gideon Lichtman shot down an Egyptian Spitfire. By the fall of 1948, the IAF had achieved
2824:
light tanks, and a large number of half-tracks. The Haganah readied twelve cargo ships throughout European ports to transfer the equipment, which would set sail as soon as the British blockade lifted at the end of the Mandate.
10139:"Communication dated 11 May 1948 from J. Fletcher-Cooke of the United Kingdom delegation to the United Nations Commission on Palestine to Dr. Ralph J. Bunche, Principal Secretary to the Commission: Retrieved 15 December 2013"
6995:
willingness to grant legitimacy to at least part of the competing national narrative of the other; and (c) the international community's extension of legitimacy to the competing rights and claims of Israelis and Palestinians.
5418:
expansion, so the main war effort shifted to Negev from early October. Israel decided to destroy or at least drive out the Egyptian expeditionary force since the Egyptian front lines were too vulnerable as permanent borders.
5268:
On 22 October, the third truce went into effect. Irregular Arab forces refused to recognise the truce, and continued to harass Israeli forces and settlements in the north. On the same day that the truce came into effect, the
2386:
Though the State of Israel faced the formidable armies of neighbouring Arab countries, due to previous battles the Palestinians themselves hardly existed as a military force by the middle of May. The British Intelligence and
7971:, University of Michigan Press, 2009 p. 4: 'A combined invasion of a Jordanian and Egyptian army started ... The Syrian and the Lebanese armies engaged in a token effort but did not stage a major attack on the Jewish state.'
3412:
anti-tank weapon, held up a column of 2,500 Egyptians, well-supported by armour, artillery and air units, for five days. The Egyptians took heavy losses, while the losses sustained by the defenders were comparatively light.
16393:
10582:
5444:, which meant that once the IDF had broken through the Egyptian lines, there was little to stop them. The operation was a huge success, shattering the Egyptian ranks and forcing the Egyptian Army from the northern Negev,
3162:
military Arab coalition". A token force of 436 soldiers crossed into northern Galilee, seized two villages after a small skirmish, and withdrew. Israel then invaded and occupied southern Lebanon until the end of the war.
8837:
6923:
gave key assistance to the Jewish Agency to organise immigrants from Europe and the Middle East, and arrange for their transport to Israel. For Ben-Gurion, a fundamental defect of the State was that 'it lacked Jews'.
4384:
harbour, where they were tied up at the breakwater. Work on establishing a navy had begun shortly before Israeli independence, and the three ships were selected due to them having a military background – one, the INS
3092:
The Jordanian forces were probably the best trained of all combatants. Other combatant forces lacked the ability to make strategic decisions and tactical manoeuvres, as evidenced by positioning the fourth regiment at
11266:
10167:
Routledge 2010 p. 37: "If it wasn't for the Arab invasion there would have been no stop to the expansion of the forces of Haganah who could have, with the same drive, reached the natural borders of western Israel".
4292:
shot down a pair of Egyptian DC-3s that had just bombed Tel Aviv. Although Tel Aviv would see additional raids by fighter aircraft, there would be no more raids by bombers for the rest of the war. From then on, the
16386:
8043:
8024:
6329:
The exact number of Arab casualties is unknown. One estimate places the Arab death toll at 7,000, including 3,000 Palestinians, 2,000 Egyptians, 1,000 Jordanians, and 1,000 Syrians. In 1958, Palestinian historian
4164:
in April. By 10 May, when the SA suffered its first combat loss, there were three flying units, an air staff, maintenance facilities and logistics support. At the outbreak of the war on 15 May, the SA became the
2041:
composed of 2,100 fighters and 1,000 reservists. The reservists trained three or four days a month and went back to civilian life the rest of the time. These mobile forces could rely on a garrison force, the HIM
8052:"Approximately 700,000 refugees from the Palestine hostilities, now located principally in Arab Palestine, Transjordan, Lebanon and Syria, will require repatriation to Israel or resettlement in the Arab states."
2359:
Following rumours that King Abdullah was re-opening the bilateral negotiations with Israel that he had previously conducted in secret with the Jewish Agency, the Arab League, led by Egypt, decided to set up the
1807:
Within the framework of the establishment of Jewish territorial continuity foreseen by Plan Dalet, the Haganah, Palmach and Irgun forces intended to conquer mixed zones. The Palestinian Arab society was shaken.
2249:
a week before the armies marched: "...when I asked him for his estimate of the size of the Jewish forces, waved his hands and said: 'It does not matter how many there are. We will sweep them into the sea.'"
23287:
23137:
4781:. The task of the 11th Brigades's 1st Battalion on the southern flank was to capture villages, and its operation ran smoothly, with but little resistance from local irregulars. According to Amnon Neumann, a
2417:, armoured vehicles, anti-tank or anti-aircraft weapons, nor military aircraft or tanks. The four Arab armies that invaded on 15 May were far stronger than the Haganah formations they initially encountered.
16409:
6756:
1950:), 200 heavy machine guns, 5,021 light machine guns, 24,500 rifles, and 52 million rounds of ammunition, enough to equip all units, but short of heavy arms. The airborne arms smuggling missions from
26165:
4623:, an IDF commander at the time of the war and later Israel's fifth Prime Minister, stated "ithout the arms from Czechoslovakia... it is very doubtful whether we would have been able to conduct the war".
3319:, Zionist forces had already, from 1 April down to 14 May, conducted 8 of its 13 full-scale military operations outside of the area allotted to a Jewish state by partition, and the operational commander
1773:, under neither Jewish nor Arab jurisdiction. The Arabs did not accept the Plan, while the Jews were determined to oppose the internationalisation of the city, and secure it as part of the Jewish state.
13498:
Israel Foreign Ministry, Foreign Ministry of the Russian Federation, Israel State Archives, Russian Federal Archives, Cummings Center for Russian Studies Tel Aviv University, Oriental Institute (2000).
4950:
to the Arab front lines, and following resistance in Lydda, the population there was expelled without provision of transport vehicles; some of the evictees died on the long walk under the hot July sun.
11227:
4522:); the ALA, which returned to fight in early June, had 100 of its men killed or injured. 800 Jews were taken hostage by the Arabs and 1,300 Arabs were taken hostage by the Jews, mostly Palestinians.
2274:
in 2007. (In contrast, Morris wrote in 2008 that the Egyptian army was the most powerful and threatening army.) The Arab Legion had about 10,000 soldiers, trained and commanded by British officers.
12904:
6959:, "each side subscribes to a different version of events." In the Israeli narrative, the war is Israel's War of Independence. In the Palestinian narrative, the War of 1948 is inextricable from the
5814:
Largely leftover World War II era weapons were used by both sides. Egypt had some British equipment; the Syrian army had some French. German, Czechoslovak and British equipment was used by Israel.
3624:
10226:
Intelligence provided by the French consulate in Jerusalem on 12 May 1948 on the Arab armies' revised plan to invade the new state was crucial in Israel's success in withstanding the Arab invasion
6334:
calculated that the Arab armies' combined losses amounted to 3,700, with Egypt losing 961 regular and 200 irregular soldiers and Transjordan losing 362 regulars and 200 irregulars. According to
4409:
to look like ships that had been purchased by foreign owners for commercial use. In Tel Aviv, the ships were fitted with small field guns dating to the late 19th century and anti-aircraft guns.
4302:
and had superior firepower and more knowledgeable personnel, many of whom had seen action in World War II. Israeli planes then began intercepting and engaging Arab aircraft on bombing missions.
2308:
Jordan's undertakings not to cross partition lines were not taken at face value. While repeating assurances that Jordan would only take areas allocated to a future Arab state, on the eve of war
13178:
5091:
Operation Brosh was launched in a failed attempt to dislodge Syrian forces from the Eastern Galilee and the Benot Yaakov Bridge. During the operation, 200 Syrians and 100 Israelis were killed.
5000:'s aim was to secure the Old City of Jerusalem, but fewer resources were allocated. The operation failed. Originally the operation was to begin on 8 July, immediately after the first truce, by
1997:" mortars, which had been indigenously designed and produced. They were inaccurate but had a loud explosion that demoralised the enemy. Much of the munitions used by the Israelis came from the
1511:
that began April 1948, in which Zionist forces had conquered cities and territories in Mandatory Palestine in preparation for the establishment of a Jewish state, Zionist leaders announced the
15694:
8705:"Mi5 Files of Jewish Interest "the activities of Irgun, the Jewish organisation involved or implicated in numerous acts of terrorism in the closing years of the British mandate in Palestine""
5440:. Committed to Yoav were three infantry and one armoured brigades, who were given the task of breaking through the Egyptian lines. The Egyptian positions were badly weakened by the lack of a
1645:
adopted a resolution recommending the adoption and implementation of a plan to partition the British Mandate of Palestine into two states, one Arab and one Jewish, and the City of Jerusalem.
1218:
10681:
7454:
3404:
using artillery, tanks and aircraft. The Egyptians' attacks met fierce resistance from the few and lightly armed defenders of both settlements, and failed. On 19 May the Egyptians attacked
8356:
the offensive and marked the beginning of the implementation of tochnit dalet (Plan D) – without Ben-Gurion or the HGS ever taking an in principle decision to embark on its implementation.
4506:
Within the boundaries of the proposed Jewish state, there were twelve Arab villages which opposed Jewish control or were captured by the invading Arab armies, and in addition to them, the
3721:
Heavy house-to-house fighting occurred between 19 and 28 May, with the Arab Legion eventually succeeding in pushing Israeli forces from the Arab neighbourhoods of Jerusalem as well as the
2961:. On the eve of war, the available number of Arab troops likely to be committed was between 23,500 and 26,500 (10,000 Egyptians, 4,500 Jordanians, 3,000 Iraqis, 3,000–6,000 Syrians, 2,000
1530:
As a result of the war, the State of Israel controlled the area that the UN had proposed for the Jewish state, as well as almost 60% of the area proposed for the Arab state, including the
9188:
4444:
Throughout the following days, the Arabs were only able to make limited gains due to fierce Israeli resistance, and were quickly driven off their new holdings by Israeli counterattacks.
14986:
5588:
the inequitable and unfair rules of engagement: the Arabs could launch offensives with impunity, but international interventions always hampered and restrained Israel's counterattacks."
1767:'s Harel brigade conducted sorties to free up the route to the city between 5 and 20 April. Both sides acted offensively in defiance of the Partition Plan, which foresaw Jerusalem as a
4211:, killing 42 people and wounding 100. In addition to their attacks on Tel Aviv, the Egyptians bombed rural settlements and airfields, though few casualties were caused in these raids.
24700:
7384:
At maximum, not half of the forces of the Israelis but these numbers include only the combat units sent to the former mandate-territory of Palestine, not the entire military strength.
4420:
during World War II, and foreign volunteers. The newly refurbished and crewed warships served on coastal patrol duties and bombarded Egyptian coastal installations in and around the
6824:
1789:, an event that, though publicly deplored and criticised by the principal Jewish authorities, had a deep impact on the morale of the Arab population and contributed to generate the
2189:
2098:
citizens during the war while the Arab troops were only a small percentage of its far greater population, the strength of the Yishuv grew steadily and dramatically during the war.
14776:
8515:
2341:, the strongman of Iraq, had ambitions for bringing the entire Fertile Crescent under Iraqi leadership. Both Syria and Lebanon wished to take certain areas of northern Palestine.
3268:-15 truck. The car has brought supply to the kibbutz. The Negev Kibbutz's children were later evacuated by those cars from their kibbutz, before an expected Egyptian Army attack.
7048:
The standard Zionist narrative of the war remained unchallenged outside the Arab world until the war's fortieth anniversary, when a number of critical books came out, including
6298:
were set up to monitor ceasefires, supervise the armistice agreements, to prevent isolated incidents from escalating, and assist other UN peacekeeping operations in the region.
3738:
was also taken from the Arab Legion, and held until 26 May, when the Jordanians retook it in a battle that left 19 Israelis and 2 Jordanians dead. A total of 23 attempts by the
1004:
6827:
during the Arab–Israeli conflict, most of them during 1948. According to estimate based on earlier census, the total Muslim population in Palestine was 1,143,336 in 1947. The
6761:
6462:
4610:
At the time of the truce, the British view was that "the Jews are too weak in armament to achieve spectacular success". As the truce commenced, a British officer stationed in
26035:
11258:
4322:
would shoot down the attacking aircraft and bomb Israeli airfields, and as a result, Israeli aircraft did not attack Amman again for the rest of the war. Israel also bombed
26195:
6806:
and the 1948 Arab–Israeli War that followed, around 750,000 Palestinian Arabs fled or were expelled from their homes, out of approximately 1,200,000 Arabs living in former
4919:
The IDF forces gathered to attack the city numbered around 8,000. It was the first operation where several brigades were involved. The city was attacked from the north via
15204:
14624:
2046:, lit. Guard Corps), composed of people aged over 25. The Yishuv's total strength was around 35,000 with 15,000 to 18,000 fighters and a garrison force of roughly 20,000.
12074:
General Progress Report and Supplementary Report of the United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine, Covering the Period from 11 December 1949 to 23 October 1950
10942:
Security Council, S/1025, 5 October 1948, Report by the United Nations, Mediator on the Observtation of the Truce in, Palestine in the Period from 11 June, to 9 July 1948
8038:
8019:
5651:
began conducting almost daily reconnaissance missions over Israel and the Sinai. RAF reconnaissance aircraft took off from Egyptian airbases and sometimes flew alongside
4214:
At the outset of the war, the REAF was able to attack Israel with near impunity, due to the lack of Israeli fighter aircraft to intercept them, and met only ground fire.
26290:
5689:. Peake opened fire with his cannons, causing a fire to break out in the port engine. The aircraft turned to sea and lowered its altitude, then exploded and crashed off
4099:
12239:
8541:
4616:
1969:, commander of the first Israeli air assault against the Arabs. Several Americans, including Schwimmer, were later prosecuted by the U.S. government for violating the
11292:
11157:
8868:
5053:
after a fierce battle. Several hours later, the Arabs launched a counterattack, but Israeli reinforcements arrived, and the village was retaken at a cost of 17 dead.
3447:. The Givati Brigade reported this advance but no fighters were sent to confront the Egyptians. Had the Egyptians wished to continue their advance northward, towards
2850:
The Haganah also managed to obtain stocks of British weapons due to the logistical complexity of the British withdrawal, and the corruption of a number of officials.
11103:
3343:
on 12 May 1948 on the Arab armies' invading forces and their revised plan to invade the new state contributed to Israel's success in withstanding the Arab invasion.
1840:
of Transjordan's monarch, King Abdullah I, but he had no intention of creating a Palestinian Arab-run state, since he hoped to annex as much of the territory of the
26328:
7346:
6226:
3959:. One tank that was disabled by Molotov cocktails and hand grenades still remains at the kibbutz. The remaining Syrian forces were driven off the next day by four
2799:
2636:
1289:
16232:
13097:
5277:, capturing the strongpoint of Sheikh Abed, repulsing counterattacks by local Israeli units, and ambushed Israeli forces attempting to relieve Manara. The IDF's
4416:
was purchased from the United States. The warships were manned by former merchant seamen, former crewmembers of Aliyah Bet ships, Israelis who had served in the
4317:, Israel began bombing targets in Arab cities. On the night of 31 May/1 June, the first Israeli raid on an Arab capital took place when three IAF planes flew to
3085:
The Arab Legion joined the war in May 1948, but fought only in the area that King Abdullah wanted to secure for Jordan: the West Bank, including East Jerusalem.
8549:
11219:
9628:
7101:
May 1989. Teveth claimed that the new historiography was flawed in its practice and that it was politically motived, that it was pro-Palestinian and aimed to
24886:
10750:
10068:
at least another year. Egypt's foreign minister, Khashaba, had already done so. He 'wished they would remain, and suggested that it was their duty to do so.'
5955:
5296:
area, driving the ALA back to Lebanon, and ambushing and destroying an entire Syrian battalion. The Israeli force of four infantry brigades was commanded by
2409:
would be taken "in two weeks." Egypt, Iraq, and Syria all possessed air forces, Egypt and Syria had tanks, and all had some modern artillery. Initially, the
3151:
Syria had 12,000 soldiers at the beginning of the 1948 War, grouped into three infantry brigades and an armoured force of approximately battalion size. The
1715:
reorganised Haganah and made conscription obligatory. Every Jewish man and woman in the country had to receive military training. Thanks to funds raised by
26187:
24317:
15803:
14769:
6321:
3647:
2050:
Police, numbering some 12,000, the Gadna Youth Battalions, and the armed settlers. Few of the units had been trained by December 1947. On 5 December 1947,
12896:
4982:
4739:
and the Egyptian air force bombed the city of Tel Aviv. During the fighting, the Israelis were able to open a lifeline to a number of besieged kibbutzim.
4531:
restrictions placed on them. Both the Israelis and the Arabs used this time to improve their positions, a direct violation of the terms of the ceasefire.
2998:. As many as 48 British officers served in the Arab Legion. Glubb Pasha, the commander of the Legion, organised his forces into four brigades as follows:
1894:
had "10,489 rifles, 702 light machine-guns, 2,666 submachine guns, 186 medium machine-guns, 672 two-inch mortars and 92 three-inch (76 mm) mortars".
1751:
with the responsibility to come up with a plan of offence whose timing was related to the foreseeable evacuation of British forces. This strategy, called
23130:
15981:
15352:
14738:
10312:
7442:
6905:
6562:
1211:
997:
7858:
proclamation of the state of Israel, however, the neighboring Arab states and Iraq committed their regular armies to the battle against the Jewish state
2441:, there was roughly one weapon for every three fighters, and even the Palmach could arm only two out of every three of its active members. According to
1961:
The airborne smuggling missions were carried out by mostly American aviators – Jews and non-Jews – led by ex-U.S. Air Transport Command flight engineer
26541:
24365:
23270:
7927:
The invasion of Palestine by the Arab Armies started on 15 May, when the Iraqi, Syrian, Jordanian and Egyptian forces crossed the international border.
4847:
was the most important Israeli offensive, aimed at securing and enlarging the corridor between Jerusalem and Tel Aviv by capturing the roadside cities
3904:
instructed his troops in the front, "to destroy the Zionists". "The situation was very grave. There aren't enough rifles. There are no heavy weapons,"
7146:
5487:
5312:
At the end of the month, the IDF had captured the whole of Galilee, driven all ALA forces out of Israel, and had advanced 8 kilometres (5 miles) into
4960:
On 15–16 July, an attack on Latrun took place but did not manage to occupy the fort. A desperate second attempt occurred on 18 July by units from the
4711:
strength, of ignoring the partition boundaries and conquering what additional territory it could; and the emerging Palestinian Arab refugee problem".
2872:
from an arms depot in the Haifa port area, smashing them through the unguarded gates, and joined the IDF. These two tanks would form the basis of the
16195:
16189:
10965:
Another truce violation occurred through the refusal of Egyptian forces to permit the passage of relief convoys to Jewish settlements in the Negeb...
7216:
4908:
The objectives of Operation Danny were to capture territory east of Tel Aviv and then to push inland and relieve the Jewish population and forces in
4702:
Another truce violation occurred through the refusal of Egyptian forces to permit the passage of relief convoys to Jewish settlements in the Negeb...
3750:
3612:
3215:
At the last moment, several Arab leaders, to avert catastrophe – secretly appealed to the British to hold on in Palestine for at least another year.
1294:
1263:
16378:
5728:
and handed over to the Egyptian Army, which turned him over to the RAF. Later that day, four RAF Spitfires from the same squadron escorted by seven
3714:, the commander of the Arab Legion, to enter Jerusalem on 17 May. The Arab Legion fired 10,000 artillery and mortar shells a day, and also attacked
2017:
In November 1947, the Haganah was an underground paramilitary force that had existed as a highly organised, national force, since the Arab riots of
1918:
The Yishuv managed clandestinely to amass arms and military equipment abroad for transfer to Palestine once the British blockade was lifted. In the
26020:
25547:
24297:
15197:
14916:
14617:
10673:
7141:
12076:
10944:
10138:
8485:
4140:(Air Service, known as the SA) in November 1947 and flying operations began in the following month from a small civil airport on the outskirts of
23864:
23203:
16177:
16167:
16149:
16143:
16139:
14762:
12998:
9868:
8137:
6467:
5079:. Nazareth was captured on 16 July, and by the time the second truce took effect at 19:00 18 July, the whole Lower Galilee from Haifa Bay to the
4947:
4871:
1664:
regiments inside Palestine, each active in a variety of distinct sectors around the different coastal towns. They consolidated their presence in
1361:
12296:
4968:, but that attack also failed. Despite the second truce, which began on 18 July, the Israeli efforts to conquer Latrun continued until 20 July.
4802:
After failing to take Negba, the Egyptians turned their attention to more isolated settlements and positions. On 14 July, an Egyptian attack on
3172:
During the first truce, the Iraqis increased their force to about 10,000. Ultimately, the Iraqi expeditionary force numbered around 18,000 men.
26571:
26448:
26106:
23615:
23424:
23177:
23113:
16026:
16020:
16014:
16001:
15991:
15985:
15975:
15971:
15965:
15939:
13843:
10968:
The third violation of the truce arose as a result of the failure of the Transjordan and Iraqi forces to permit the flow of water to Jerusalem.
9221:
8704:
6803:
6525:
6430:
5798:
4705:
The third violation of the truce arose as a result of the failure of the Transjordan and Iraqi forces to permit the flow of water to Jerusalem.
3273:
3224:
2449:, by April 1948, the Haganah had accumulated only about 20,000 rifles and Sten guns for the 35,000 soldiers who existed on paper. According to
1628:
1488:
1422:
990:
35:
12188:
8832:
16161:
14981:
14423:
14399:
10920:
9734:
7160:
6816:. In 1951, the UN Conciliation Commission for Palestine estimated that the number of Palestinian refugees displaced from Israel was 711,000.
6291:
4207:
Throughout the next six days, the REAF continued to attack Tel Aviv, causing civilian casualties. On 18 May, Egyptian warplanes attacked the
3753:
and a member of the UN Truce Commission was shot dead in West Jerusalem. It was disputed whether Wasson was killed by the Arabs or Israelis.
1473:
10958:
the attempt by ...the Irgun Zvai Leumi to bring war materials and immigrants, including men of military age, into Palestine aboard the ship
6854:
Refugee status was also passed on to their descendants, who were also largely denied citizenship in Arab states, except in Transjordan. The
6326:
Israel lost 6,373 of its people, about 1% of its population at the time, in the war. About 4,000 were soldiers and the rest were civilians.
4695:
the attempt by ...the Irgun Zvai Leumi to bring war materials and immigrants, including men of military age, into Palestine aboard the ship
3554:
26096:
16301:
16255:
14356:
12870:
8601:
W. Khalidi, 'Plan Dalet: Master Plan for the Conquest of Palestine', J. Palestine Studies 18(1), pp. 4–33, 1988 (reprint of a 1961 article)
7171:
6897:
5717:
and John McElroy, volunteers from the United States and Canada respectively. All three Spitfires were shot down, and one pilot was killed.
1654:
2791:
allowed aircraft carrying arms from Czechoslovakia to land on French territory in transit to Israel, and permitted two arms shipments to ‘
2070:, and a few thousand armed settlers. Irgun was eventually absorbed into the Jewish Defence Army. The activities of Irgun was monitored by
26443:
26070:
24957:
23092:
15922:
15916:
15190:
14610:
13817:
11960:
11917:
10100:
9676:
9572:
7872:
7643:
7604:
7351:
6407:
6150:
4500:
3309:
2170:, Pappé asserts that Plan Dalet was a "blueprint for ethnic cleansing" with the aim of reducing both rural and urban areas of Palestine.
1649:
1624:
1492:
16270:
14379:
9497:
9378:
8785:
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volunteers fighting under the Jordanians); the Egyptian army had 600 of its men killed and 1,400 injured (including irregulars from the
4002:. Subsequently, the Syrians reverted to a defensive posture, conducting only a few minor attacks on small, exposed Israeli settlements.
26060:
21646:
20760:
16341:
16247:
16237:
12113:
6913:
2536:
1711:
Although doubt took hold among Yishuv supporters, their apparent defeats were due more to their wait-and-see policy than to weakness.
1228:
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26338:
26149:
23313:
23072:
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15501:
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5234:
Israel launched a series of military operations to drive out the Arab armies and secure the northern and southern borders of Israel.
17:
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24134:
22900:
16242:
15796:
15676:
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11016:
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5817:
According to Amitzur Ilan, "Israel's ability to cope better with the embargo situation was, by far, her greatest strategic asset."
5507:
4864:
3340:
1434:
1118:
5148:, and those who chose not to return would be compensated for lost property. The UN would control and regulate Jewish immigration.
3436:. The Israeli defenders held out fiercely for days against vastly superior forces, and managed to buy valuable time for the IDF's
25537:
24181:
21357:
20565:
15302:
14731:
10634:
6537:
3165:
By the time of the second truce, the Egyptians had 20,000 men in the field in thirteen battalions equipped with 135 tanks and 90
2254:
perception, had the invasion not taken place, there was no Arab force in Palestine capable of checking the Haganah's offensive".
12621:
Khalidi, Rashid (2007). "1 The Palestinians and 1948: the underlying causes of failure". In Eugene L. Rogan; Avi Shlaim (eds.).
6928:
aliyah formed a key part of Israeli policy; and better economic prospects and security were to be expected from a Jewish state.
4495:, was not occupied but its residents fled. The combined Arab forces captured 14 Jewish settlement points, but only one of them,
26229:
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24302:
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21047:
16351:
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14542:
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12084:
10607:
7231:
Palestinian narratives have focused on countering the dominant Zionist narrative; the preeminent Palestinian historian of 1948
5802:
5624:") at 16:00 on 10 March, claiming Umm Rashrash for Israel. The raising of the Ink Flag is considered to be the end of the war.
5605:
Plan, and the operation meant to establish Israeli sovereignty over the territory rather than actually conquer it. The Golani,
3896:
On 14 May Syria entered Palestine with the 1st Infantry Brigade supported by a battalion of armoured cars, a company of French
2868:
On 29 June 1948, the day before the last British troops left Haifa, two British soldiers sympathetic to the Israelis stole two
2810:
and ZB 37 machine guns, and millions of rounds of ammunition. Czechoslovakia supplied fighter aircraft, including at first ten
2037:, which had 2,000 full-time fighters (men and women) and 10,000 reservists (all aged between 18 and 25) and an elite unit, the
2030:
1477:
5744:. The remaining three were manned by Weizman's wingman Alex Jacobs and American volunteers Bill Schroeder and Caesar Dangott.
3595:
The Arab Legion was able to repel an Israeli attack on Latrun. The Jordanians launched two counterattacks, temporarily taking
2205:
had unanimously rejected the UN partition plan and were opposed to the establishment of a Jewish state alongside an Arab one.
1930:
transport planes, and dozens of half-tracks, which were repainted and defined as "agricultural equipment". In Western Europe,
1844:
as he could. He was playing a double game, being just as much in contact with the Jewish authorities as with the Arab League.
1680:. Having recruited a few thousand volunteers, al-Husayni organised the blockade of the 100,000 Jewish residents of Jerusalem.
26253:
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11993:
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6356:
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4946:
Up to 450 Arabs and 9–10 Israeli soldiers were killed. The next day, Ramle fell. The civilian populations of Lydda and Ramle
4265:, the first of which arrived in Israel on 20 May. Ironically, Israel was using the Avia S-199, an inferior derivative of the
1590:
1583:
1575:
249:
241:
214:
204:
25048:
13943:
13435:
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12130:
11599:
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11508:
11340:
8342:
8209:
4627:
as violating the arms and personnel embargo, they also sent fresh units to the front lines, much as their Arab enemies did.
1476:
between Arabs, Jews, and the British. British policies dissatisfied both Arabs and Jews. Arab opposition developed into the
26393:
24867:
24792:
24452:
24052:
15570:
11296:
11154:
11098:
Kadish, Alon, and Sela, Avraham. (2005) "Myths and historiography of the 1948 Palestine War revisited: the case of Lydda,"
8865:
4222:, the Egyptian air attacks became less frequent. By the end of May 1948, almost the entire REAF Spitfire squadron based in
3473:
3308: – invaded territories of the former Palestinian mandate allocated for a future Arab state according to the
3175:
Saudi Arabia sent hundreds of volunteers to join the Arab forces. In February 1948, around 800 tribesmen had gathered near
14393:
11816:"Review of The Origin of the Arab-Israeli Arms Race: Arms, Embargo, Military Power and Decision in the 1948 Palestine War"
11753:
7165:
26521:
26173:
26065:
24472:
23605:
23067:
15789:
15650:
15523:
6450:
4451:
Upon the implementation of the truce, the IDF had control over nine Arab cities and towns or mixed cities and towns: New
3433:
3281:
3232:
2921:, with the agreement of the Yugoslav government. The airborne arms smuggling missions from Czechoslovakia were codenamed
1606:
1512:
1430:
1235:
23714:
23642:
6909:
6896:, mainly along the borders and in former Arab lands, doubling the Jewish population there. Of these, upwards of 300,000
2933:
At the invasion, in addition to the irregular Palestinian militia groups, the five Arab states that joined the war were
2231:
the Arab states find themselves compelled to intervene in order to restore law and order and to check further bloodshed.
1882:
entered its second phase with the intervention of the Arab state armies and the beginning of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.
26546:
26154:
25507:
24602:
23580:
23465:
23419:
23414:
23360:
23308:
23039:
15910:
15834:
15702:
15666:
15062:
14976:
14724:
14640:
4943:. Bombers were also used for the first time in the conflict to bombard the city. The IDF captured the city on 11 July.
1108:
8973:"Cablegram dated 15 May 1948 addressed to the Secretary-General by the Secretary-General of the League of Arab States"
2465:
mobilisation of Israeli society and the influx of an average of 10,300 immigrants each month. By the end of 1948, the
100:
26366:
26280:
25239:
24802:
24072:
24013:
23318:
16408:
15586:
14971:
14152:
13904:
12851:
1988. "Disinformation and the Palestine Question: The Not-So-Strange Case of Joan Peters's From Time Immemorial". In
12804:"The Joan Peters Case*: From Time Immemorial: The Origins of the Arab-Jewish Conflict Over Palestine, by Joan Peters"
11946:
How Long O Lord?: Christian, Jewish, and Muslim Voices from the Ground and visions for the future in Israel–Palestine
6904:. The remaining came mostly from Europe, including 136,000 from the 250,000 displaced Jews of World War II living in
6887:
4121:
3797:
with little success. Following this defeat, Iraqi forces moved into the strategic triangle bounded by the Arab towns
3329:
2292:
In 1946–47, Abdullah said that he had no intention to "resist or impede the partition of Palestine and creation of a
2166:
1605:
for "the catastrophe"). A similar number of Jews moved to Israel during the three years following the war, including
23810:
14384:
11671:
5612:
On 10 March, Israeli forces secured the Southern Negev, reaching the southern tip of Palestine: Umm Rashrash on the
3416:
One of the Egyptian force's two main columns made its way northwards along the shoreline, through what is today the
24942:
24937:
24432:
24395:
24124:
23570:
22885:
16413:
16325:
16315:
15754:
15736:
15718:
14584:
14369:
12747:
12087:, 23 October 1950. (U.N. General Assembly Official Records, 5th Session, Supplement No. 18, Document A/1367/Rev. 1)
10746:
9624:
7399:
Lebanon had decided to not participate in the war and only took part in the battle of al-Malikiya on 5–6 June 1948.
6983:
6936:
over the next three decades as a result of these various factors. An estimated 650,000 of the departees settled in
5609:, and Alexandroni brigades participated in the operation, together with some smaller units and with naval support.
5137:
5105:
At 19:00 on 18 July, the second truce of the conflict went into effect after intense diplomatic efforts by the UN.
24620:
24482:
24166:
14147:
12159:
12112:
The War for Palestine. Rewriting the History of 1948 by Eugene L. Rogan and Avi Shlaim . Retrieved 8 August 2009.
7914:
7097:, who published "The New Historians," a series of four weekly full-page articles attacking the new historians, in
4169:. With its fleet of light planes it was no match for Arab forces during the first few weeks of the war with their
3832:, from where they could put pressure on the Israeli center. On 25 May, Iraqi forces advanced from Tulkarm, taking
3793:
An Iraqi force consisting of two infantry and one armoured brigade crossed the Jordan River from northern Jordan,
1566:, which was meant to be part of an international zone for Jerusalem and its environs. Transjordan took control of
26398:
26311:
25662:
25043:
24972:
24872:
24750:
24522:
24512:
24099:
23486:
16157:
15362:
15243:
15001:
13792:
13665:
13647:
11862:
11364:
Shapira, Anita. Yigal Allon; Native Son; A Biography Translated by Evelyn Abel, University of Pennsylvania Press
6919:
On the establishment of the state, a top priority was given to a policy for the "ingathering of exiles", and the
6789:
6729:
5794:
5782:
4412:
After the British left Haifa port on 30 June, Haifa became the main base of the Israeli Navy. In October 1948, a
3860:
attempted to capture Jenin during an offensive launched on 31 May, but were defeated in course of the subsequent
3265:
1642:
220:
24437:
24324:
24312:
7125:
ignored, but writers of what Pappé calls a "neo-Zionist" narrative justified these as necessary or unavoidable.
3196:
2074:, which found that Irgun was "involved or implicated in numerous acts of terrorism" during the end years of the
26494:
25093:
24862:
24442:
24344:
24077:
23521:
23516:
16367:
16320:
16153:
16083:
16077:
15955:
15813:
14347:
13124:
9979:(The role of Saudi Arabia in the Palestine war of 1948), Revue d'Histoire Maghrébine 1986 13(43–44): 201–221.
6964:
5907:
4778:
4756:
1481:
1075:
24762:
24492:
24003:
23775:
13601:(2001). "The Palestinians and 1948: the underlying causes of failure." In Eugene Rogan and Avi Shlaim (eds.).
10316:
5740:
went searching for the lost planes, and were attacked by four IAF Spitfires. The Israeli formation was led by
2898:
After the first truce, by July 1948, the Israelis had established an air force, a navy, and a tank battalion.
26581:
26270:
26040:
25055:
25008:
24772:
24695:
24427:
16005:
15862:
15596:
14991:
14506:
14477:
13421:
7356:
6315:
4436:
3944:
3891:
3305:
2429:
Sources disagree about the quantity of arms at the Yishuv's disposal at the end of the Mandate. According to
1516:
1284:
24487:
24196:
24119:
23790:
7176:
5260:
4731:. The following day, Israeli air forces launched a simultaneous offensive on all three fronts, ranging from
4257:
The balance of air power soon began to swing in favour of the Israeli Air Force following the arrival of 25
3994:
On 6 June, Syrian forces attacked Mishmar HaYarden, but they were repulsed. On 10 June, the Syrians overran
3199:
and evacuation of almost 4,000 Arab soldiers and civilians from Gaza, the Saudi contingent withdrew through
2405:
In May, Egyptian generals told their government that the invasion would be "a parade without any risks" and
26576:
26428:
25073:
25033:
25003:
24952:
24812:
24730:
24726:
24597:
24527:
24292:
24109:
23875:
23770:
23702:
15744:
15310:
15027:
14966:
14896:
14644:
11108:
10174:
9151:
6908:
and urban centers in Germany, Austria, and Italy, and more than 270,000 coming from Eastern Europe, mainly
6508:
6182:
5463:, when the village was peacefully transferred to Israel and the Egyptian troops left. Four warships of the
4810:
4208:
3963:
mountain guns – Israel's first use of artillery during the war. Following the Syrian forces' defeat at the
2843:
2662:
2643:
2282:
2058:
By March 1948, the Yishuv had a numerical superiority, with 35,780 mobilised and deployed fighters for the
1769:
1496:
1070:
9257:
Zamir, Meir (28 May 2019). "The role of MI6 in Egypt's decision to go to war against Israel in May 1948".
7291:
had a massive impact on how 1948 was understood in popular and political narratives in the United States.
5785:
presented the Israeli government with a demand for compensation over the loss of personnel and equipment.
91:
71:
26321:
26045:
25517:
25512:
25229:
24907:
24635:
24380:
24339:
24283:
24186:
24067:
24025:
23930:
23455:
23409:
23329:
23162:
23108:
16300:
15949:
15519:
15404:
14674:
14530:
7130:
6901:
6871:
6513:
6295:
5566:
5425:
in the northern Negev. Its goal was to drive a wedge between the Egyptian forces along the coast and the
5412:
5329:
4339:
3816:
Iraqi forces failed in their attacks on Israeli settlements with the most notable battle taking place at
3513:
3408:, where an inferior force of 100 Israelis armed with nothing more than rifles, a medium machinegun and a
2395:
1923:
1594:
1515:
on 14 May 1948. The following morning, after the termination of the British Mandate, Egypt, Transjordan,
1168:
80:
12073:
10941:
10142:
7116:
identifies a turn in predominant Israeli narratives about 1948 in September 2000. In the climate of the
5506:, and took 120 Egyptian soldiers prisoner. On 22 October, Israeli naval commandos using explosive boats
5206:
on 24 July in order to gain control of the main road to Haifa and to destroy all the enemy in the area.
3987:
in what became the only intervention of the Lebanese army during the war, handing the towns over to the
2853:
1938:
light tanks, and a large number of half-tracks. By mid-May or thereabouts the Yishuv had purchased from
1703:
This situation caused the United States to withdraw its support for the Partition Plan, encouraging the
1495:
on 29 November 1947 – which planned to divide the territory into an Arab state, a Jewish state, and the
26566:
26484:
26203:
25882:
25103:
25088:
25078:
24932:
24532:
24020:
23823:
23590:
16095:
16073:
16009:
14461:
14178:
14113:
13992:
13981:
13848:
13606:
10200:
Zamir, Meir (January 2010). "'Bid' for Altalena: France's Covert Action in the 1948 War in Palestine".
9441:
Zamir, Meir (January 2010). "'Bid' for Altalena: France's Covert Action in the 1948 War in Palestine".
9230:
8627:
8623:
8493:
7332:
7102:
7086:
Jordanians during the war, Arab aims in the war, and the reasons peace remained elusive after the war.
7031:
6971:
and the Palestinians as victims. The different narratives of 1948 reflect these different perceptions.
5503:
4313:, killing 7 civilians and wounding 30. In response to this, and probably to the Jordanian victories at
4103:
3722:
2995:
2624:
2026:
2006:
1985:
capacity", that between October 1947 and July 1948 "produced 3 million 9 mm bullets, 150,000
1660:
From January onwards, operations became increasingly militarised, with the intervention of a number of
1113:
868:
857:
600:
476:
468:
463:
19503:
9875:
8130:
26245:
26111:
25987:
25932:
25752:
24740:
24447:
24008:
23537:
16061:
15945:
15892:
15840:
15541:
14961:
14747:
13385:
12438:
The Hundred Years' War on Palestine : A History of Settler Colonialism and Resistance, 1917–2017
12293:
8844:
8075:
6875:
6501:
6311:
6138:
5897:
5893:
5538:
to take control of the Western Negev. The main assaults were spearheaded by mechanised forces, while
5460:
5248:
5167:
4728:
4390:
3794:
3133:
2246:
1760:
1446:
763:
58:
8708:
7020:
Avi Shlaim gives the conventional Zionist narrative or the "old history" of the 1948 war as follows:
5620:
was built later) and taking it without a battle. Israeli soldiers raised a hand-made Israeli flag ("
5132:
would be internationalised, with municipal autonomy for the city's Jewish and Arab inhabitants, the
26474:
26453:
25737:
25304:
24567:
24457:
24211:
23755:
21010:
15856:
15852:
15642:
15624:
15531:
15425:
14811:
14566:
14339:
14242:
14157:
13726:. "Syria and the Palestine War: fighting King 'Abdullah's 'Greater Syria plan.'" Rogan and Shlaim.
13464:
13258:
12184:
12127:"Dr. Sarah Ozacky-Lazar, Relations between Jews and Arabs during Israel's first decade (in Hebrew)"
10916:
9535:. Arabic edition translated by Samir Jabbour. Institute of Palestine Studies, Beirut, 1994. p. 303.
8734:
6704:
6143:
6121:
6107:
4955:
4314:
4189:
3542:
3507:
3443:
On 28 May the Egyptians renewed their northern advance, and stopped at a destroyed bridge north to
2835:
2361:
2354:
1399:
1223:
1158:
25477:
19098:
14431:
14407:
13958:
Reiter, Yitzhak, "National Minority, Regional Majority: Palestinian Arabs Versus Jews in Israel" (
9742:
1867:
on 13 May by the Arab Legion led to predictions that the battle for Jerusalem would be merciless.
26551:
26258:
24967:
24912:
24897:
24837:
24645:
24625:
24385:
24062:
23667:
23152:
22827:
22636:
21017:
21005:
19197:
16123:
15898:
14926:
14295:
14210:
14083:
14048:
13102:
13053:
8955:
8751:
8729:
7246:
Without access to much in the way of archival materials, Palestinian historians have made use of
6864:
6843:
6832:
6352:
6335:
6081:
5152:
3405:
2213:
1790:
1673:
1386:
1041:
23870:
17082:
13788:
Expulsion of the Palestinians: The Concept of 'Transfer' in Zionist Political Thought, 1882–1948
10951:, During the period of the truce, three violations occurred ... of such a serious nature... the
9984:
7586:
Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015
3592:
took about 10 villages to the south of Latrun to enlarge and secure the area of the Burma Road.
2820:
agents in Western Europe had amassed fifty 65mm French mountain guns, twelve 120mm mortars, ten
26561:
26556:
25757:
25261:
24655:
24329:
23805:
23565:
23560:
23353:
23193:
23032:
22817:
21118:
21079:
20976:
20604:
20331:
17064:
17046:
16105:
16101:
15578:
15509:
15493:
15485:
14859:
13271:
13200:
13173:
13006:
12328:
Immigrants in Turmoil: Mass Immigration to Israel and Its Repercussions in the 1950s and after,
12281:
Immigrants in Turmoil: Mass Immigration to Israel and Its Repercussions in the 1950s and after,
11073:
10556:
10550:
8155:
An Introduction to the Causes of War: Patterns of Interstate Conflict from World War 1 to Iraq,
7590:
7074:
Collusion Across the Jordan: King Abdullah, the Zionist Movement and the Partition of Palestine
6979:
6445:
6248:
5582:
4233:
3861:
3777:
3301:
3192:
2938:
2873:
2858:
2442:
2297:
2237:
the only solution of the Palestine problem is the establishment of a unitary Palestinian state.
1970:
1700:
Jaffa and Jerusalem, or Jewish-dominated areas, evacuated abroad or to Arab centres eastwards.
1244:
1173:
846:
25967:
19386:
19206:
18540:
17271:
13998:
Rogan, Eugene L. "Jordan and 1948: the persistence of an official history." Rogan and Shlaim.
13862:
12523:
12326:
12279:
12044:
11983:
11944:
11921:
11630:
11131:
10409:
10084:
10043:
9920:
9660:
9576:
8153:
8072:
Immigrants in Turmoil: Mass Immigration to Israel and Its Repercussions in the 1950s and After
8067:
7999:
7869:
7627:
7584:
7513:
5151:
The plan was once again rejected by both sides. On the next day, 17 September, Bernadotte was
3675:
2541:
1902:
25992:
25276:
25271:
25038:
24927:
24882:
24842:
24777:
24721:
24640:
24422:
24236:
24114:
24032:
23940:
23905:
23815:
23760:
23657:
23498:
23303:
22953:
22863:
22710:
22058:
21518:
21511:
20971:
19728:
18504:
18180:
18171:
17982:
17289:
16201:
15874:
15396:
15052:
15017:
14906:
14849:
14686:
14454:
13909:
13868:
13403:
13374:
12655:
11427:
9481:
9373:
8994:
8769:
8664:. pp. 32, 117. Pay £P2 per month. c.f. would buy 2lb of meat in Jerusalem, April 1948. p. 91.
8168:
7717:
7519:
7323:
6699:
6268:
6085:
6040:
5979:
5667:
4305:
Following Israeli air attacks on Egyptian and Iraqi columns, the Egyptians repeatedly bombed
4201:
3976:
3401:
3356:
3126:
2883:
2466:
2091:
2063:
1927:
1031:
526:
401:
350:
20286:
19575:
19323:
19314:
19287:
18999:
18963:
18909:
17523:
14007:
Militarization and State Power in the Arab-Israeli Conflict: Case Study of Israel, 1948–1982
12109:
25532:
25299:
25154:
25108:
25023:
25018:
24817:
24716:
24665:
24660:
24552:
24507:
24462:
24400:
24231:
24206:
24156:
24084:
23998:
23848:
23450:
23429:
23198:
22822:
22812:
22435:
21820:
21335:
21285:
21151:
21144:
21130:
21089:
21084:
20439:
20151:
19476:
19458:
18846:
18306:
18252:
18243:
17298:
17253:
16183:
16089:
15764:
15632:
15467:
15336:
15169:
15112:
15037:
15022:
14911:
14704:
14692:
14590:
14317:
14287:
14069:
14019:
13708:
13444:
13303:
11259:"The Middle East Talks: Reporter's Notebook; Syria Offers Old Photo To Fill an Empty Chair"
10454:
7670:
Hughes, Matthew (Winter 2005). "Lebanon's Armed Forces and the Arab-Israeli War, 1948–49".
7375:
This includes the entire military personnel count – both combat units and logistical units.
7287:
7000:
6496:
6440:
6022:
6014:
5993:
5925:
5915:
5733:
5701:
5697:
5270:
4892:
4641:
During the truce, Irgun attempted to bring in a private arms shipment aboard a ship called
4266:
4056:
4015:
3988:
3670:
3654:
3638:
3245:
3137:
3113:. This consisted of five infantry battalions, one armoured battalion equipped with British
2974:
2962:
2902:
2286:
2034:
2018:
1947:
1864:
1786:
1732:
allowed arms and other equipment to be transported for the first time by the end of March.
1677:
1661:
1366:
1194:
882:
862:
807:
606:
585:
481:
340:
20457:
19692:
19521:
19404:
19368:
19188:
19143:
18990:
18837:
18450:
18396:
18198:
17973:
17955:
17802:
17487:
17280:
16713:
3908:
told the Israeli Cabinet. On 15 May, the Syrian forces turned to the eastern and southern
8:
26479:
25977:
25892:
25887:
25787:
25650:
25447:
25331:
25246:
25134:
24987:
24982:
24962:
24947:
24857:
24852:
24757:
24690:
24680:
24592:
24587:
24577:
24477:
24417:
24390:
24216:
24201:
24171:
24149:
23935:
23925:
23652:
23575:
23545:
23529:
23157:
23062:
23001:
22525:
21873:
21504:
21072:
20823:
20818:
20547:
20475:
20421:
20412:
19998:
19836:
19746:
19602:
19062:
18972:
18495:
18405:
18234:
18018:
17964:
17856:
17712:
17451:
17145:
17091:
16749:
16509:
16346:
15961:
15886:
15868:
15846:
15370:
14649:
14494:
14373:
14163:
13683:
A History of Palestine: From the Ottoman Conquest to the Founding of the State of Israel,
12528:
The war of 1948 : representations of Israeli and Palestinian memories and narratives
12488:
The war of 1948 : representations of Israeli and Palestinian memories and narratives
6920:
6839:
6807:
6782:
6402:
6275:
6244:
6196:
5962:, improvised self-propelled guns used by Syrians in 1948–49, 65 mm mountain guns on
5903:
5671:
5660:
5593:
5141:
4402:
4309:, where IAF fighters were based. During a 30 May raid, bombs aimed for Ekron hit central
4219:
4024:
3849:
3684:
3585:
3289:
3237:
2531:
2075:
1841:
1461:
1457:
1450:
1442:
840:
172:
24832:
24745:
20241:
20097:
20061:
20007:
19278:
19260:
19242:
18675:
18585:
18486:
18459:
18423:
18342:
18009:
17559:
17541:
17442:
17433:
17172:
17109:
16830:
11453:
11013:
10086:
The Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Political, Social, and Military History
8068:"Aliyah to Israel by Country of Origin and Year of Aliyah, 14 May 1948–31 December 1953"
6860:
4691:
During the period of the truce, three violations occurred ... of such a serious nature:
2277:
2245:
wrote in his 1976 memoirs about a conversation with the Arab League's Secretary-General
2234:
the Mandate over Palestine has come to an end, leaving no legally constituted authority.
2216:
and the pressure of their public opinion, the Arab leaders decided to invade Palestine.
26504:
26433:
26408:
26403:
26388:
26265:
26131:
25927:
25912:
25837:
25817:
25812:
25797:
25644:
25392:
25144:
25028:
24782:
24685:
24670:
24582:
24572:
24547:
24542:
24307:
24261:
24176:
24161:
24104:
23920:
23843:
23719:
23610:
23600:
23172:
23082:
22934:
22875:
22778:
22768:
22660:
22216:
22020:
21929:
21774:
21586:
21414:
21292:
21228:
21197:
20731:
20493:
20268:
20223:
20169:
20115:
19629:
19350:
19179:
19170:
19134:
19089:
19008:
18936:
18918:
18648:
18621:
18576:
18333:
18324:
18279:
18153:
18099:
17991:
17532:
17352:
16875:
16596:
16494:
16171:
16127:
15995:
15378:
15228:
15067:
14956:
14313:
14131:
13782:
13485:
13335:
13275:
13248:
13080:
12848:
12831:
12739:
12524:"Epilogue: Reflections on Post-Oslo Israeli and Palestinian History and Memory of 1948"
12418:
12410:
11890:
11843:
10494:
10217:
9544:
Later, in the midst of the war, Yitzhak Rabin was succeeded by Joseph Tebenkin who led
9458:
9369:
9326:
9282:
9180:
9140:
8459:
7793:
7765:
7695:
7297:
asserts the neo-Zionist narrative was pushed in the United States most passionately by
7235:
has dedicated much of his career to disproving the official Israeli narrative that the
6542:
6472:
6421:
5937:
5737:
5652:
5491:
5483:
4816:
4619:
as well as improve training of forces and reorganisation of the army during this time.
4519:
3901:
3765:
3491:
3483:
3110:
2953:
sending expeditionary forces of their regular armies. Additional contingents came from
2906:
2725:
2446:
2399:
2331:
2309:
2220:
2157:
1879:
1756:
1633:
1618:
1426:
1337:
1163:
1058:
785:
54:
31:
25827:
25656:
20511:
20466:
20358:
20250:
20196:
19890:
19845:
19827:
19710:
19485:
19341:
18891:
18882:
18657:
18612:
18603:
18522:
18432:
18297:
18126:
18072:
17865:
17235:
17118:
17001:
16956:
14446:
12958:
10638:
10445:(Morris (2008), "1948: The First Arab-Israeli War", Yale University Press, New Haven,
8656:
Levin, Harry. "Jerusalem Embattled – A Diary of the City under Siege." Cassels, 1997.
8616:
5285:
were totally cut off, and Israel's protests at the UN failed to change the situation.
3533:. The Arab Legion also took losses, losing 90 dead and some 200 wounded up to 29 May.
26144:
25997:
25942:
25917:
25872:
25802:
25777:
25742:
25732:
25701:
25588:
25472:
25442:
25179:
25169:
25083:
24977:
24822:
24537:
24334:
24191:
24144:
24042:
23993:
23967:
23945:
23785:
23765:
23709:
23697:
23511:
23346:
23025:
22946:
22736:
22729:
22573:
22568:
22537:
22530:
22498:
22323:
22273:
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21253:
21216:
21055:
20907:
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20295:
20052:
20043:
19953:
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19773:
19593:
19116:
19107:
18945:
18855:
18711:
18702:
18639:
18594:
18567:
18531:
18225:
18117:
17667:
16884:
16839:
16794:
16776:
16578:
16302:
Anti-Jewish attacks in Arab countries during the 1948 Palestine war and its aftermath
16133:
16038:
15828:
15328:
15294:
15047:
14834:
14365:
14321:
14299:
14278:
14264:
14246:
14214:
14182:
14135:
14117:
14087:
14052:
14045:
Armed Struggle and the Search for State: The Palestinian National Movement, 1949–1993
14031:
14010:
13963:
13933:
13913:
13890:
13872:
13852:
13832:
13796:
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13742:
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12019:
11989:
11950:
11894:
11882:
11835:
11794:
11634:
11623:
11589:
11550:
11546:
All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948
11498:
11433:
11365:
11330:
11135:
11124:
11079:
10984:
10887:
10876:
10587:
10583:
All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948
10560:
10446:
10415:
10221:
10090:
10049:
9980:
9926:
9850:
9840:
9666:
9487:
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7896:
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7687:
7633:
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7523:
7206:
7201:
6659:
5959:
5929:
5911:
5675:
5641:
5499:
5186:
4723:
On 8 July, the day before the expiration of the truce, Egyptian forces under General
4294:
4166:
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3921:
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3566:
3461:
3455:
2891:
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2126:
1965:. Schwimmer's operation also included recruiting and training fighter pilots such as
1856:
1351:
1199:
1153:
1103:
1046:
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397:
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4010:
1735:
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21970:
21837:
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19881:
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16044:
15616:
15443:
15286:
14816:
14635:
14560:
14536:
14518:
14144:
14027:
13883:
Israeli Humor – The Content: The Content and Structure of the Chizbat of the Palmah
13299:
13116:
12815:
12593:
12585:
12394:
11874:
11827:
11786:
10955:
incident, the Negeb convoys, and the question of the water supply to Jerusalem....
10209:
10165:
The Discourse of Palestinian-Israeli Relations: Persistent Analytics and Practices,
9545:
9450:
9266:
9164:
7836:
7777:
7679:
7264:
7182:
7152:
7094:
6820:
6520:
6089:
6005:
5872:
5752:
5714:
5520:
5479:
5441:
5392:
5203:
5180:
5109:
5100:
4990:
4897:
4790:
4774:
4752:
4684:
4675:
4660:
4496:
4480:
4413:
4153:
3995:
3968:
3952:
3933:
3929:
3913:
3905:
3761:
3746:
3711:
3297:
3152:
3141:
3114:
2749:
2632:
2597:
2577:
2555:
1871:
1848:
1712:
1524:
1376:
1356:
1308:
1270:
1206:
1125:
1063:
1053:
886:
877:
818:
791:
780:
769:
674:
626:
566:
455:
116:
20403:
20340:
20088:
20034:
19683:
19647:
19638:
19017:
18810:
18630:
18513:
18351:
18063:
18045:
17928:
17739:
17685:
17676:
17604:
17586:
17379:
17100:
16740:
16677:
16650:
16410:
Palestinian Arab towns and villages depopulated during the 1948 Palestinian exodus
13678:
13071:
Beker, A. (2005). "The Forgotten Narrative: Jewish Refugees From Arab Countries".
11878:
9765:
The Jordanian-Israeli war, 1948–1951: a history of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
9270:
7828:
4230:
Arab fighter aircraft. These attacks usually had little effect, except on morale.
2285:, 29 May 1948, the day after Jordanian forces took control of the Old City in the
1859:, which created a united front around Jerusalem. The inconclusive meeting between
1755:, was readied by March and implemented towards the end of April. A separate plan,
26458:
26423:
26376:
26126:
25982:
25972:
25957:
25937:
25922:
25897:
25842:
25607:
25575:
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25189:
25184:
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25065:
24797:
24675:
24502:
24467:
24375:
24370:
24094:
23988:
23662:
23595:
23585:
23550:
23506:
23493:
23445:
22929:
22917:
22614:
22484:
22303:
22150:
22034:
21852:
21788:
21614:
21494:
21340:
21258:
21233:
21166:
21099:
20966:
20852:
20717:
20712:
20599:
20430:
19863:
19854:
19701:
19530:
19422:
19305:
19296:
19224:
19215:
18738:
18270:
17910:
17883:
17721:
17631:
17325:
17316:
17208:
17181:
17154:
17136:
16866:
16848:
16803:
16785:
16659:
16614:
16605:
16469:
16227:
15880:
15562:
15433:
15344:
14946:
14830:
14668:
14554:
14351:
14257:
Decision on Palestine Deferred: America, Britain and Wartime Diplomacy, 1939–1945
14202:
14198:
13927:
13923:
13642:
13482:
The Fight for Jerusalem: Radical Islam, the West, and the Future of the Holy City
13439:
13432:
12300:
12126:
12080:
12013:
11583:
11544:
11492:
11324:
11161:
11102:, 22 September 2005; and Khalidi, Walid. (1998) Introduction to Munayyer, Spiro.
11020:
10948:
9382:
8872:
8841:
8326:
8193:
8141:
8047:
8028:
7876:
7840:
7117:
6823:. More than 400 Arab villages, and about ten Jewish villages and neighbourhoods,
6679:
6365:
5951:
5837:
5648:
5637:
5562:
5555:
5535:
5404:
5400:
5289:
5278:
5243:
5145:
5068:
5062:
5032:
5012:, possibly because he did not trust their ability after their failure to capture
4997:
4986:
4977:
4961:
4924:
4920:
4875:
4844:
4724:
4643:
4306:
4299:
4197:
4145:
3948:
3853:
3634:
3603:
after a fierce battle, which was retaken by two Palmach squads the same evening.
3600:
3393:
3188:
3118:
3101:
2950:
2922:
2753:
2736:
2729:
2705:
2682:
2674:
2612:
2601:
2573:
2562:
2524:
2511:
2504:
2500:
2438:
2326:
2137:
1955:
1875:
1729:
1520:
1371:
1330:
1315:
1301:
1256:
1249:
1146:
1139:
1036:
835:
796:
513:
411:
237:
190:
24089:
20529:
20367:
20178:
20142:
19989:
19809:
19755:
19620:
19611:
19557:
19413:
19251:
19035:
18873:
18801:
18756:
18414:
18315:
17892:
17766:
17649:
17595:
17010:
16992:
16974:
16812:
16731:
16641:
16623:
14108:(2001). "Israel and the Arab Coalition." In Eugene Rogan and Avi Shlaim (eds.).
13643:
From Haven to Conquest: Readings in Zionism and the Palestine Problem Until 1948
13400:
Palestine 1948. War, Escape and the Emergence of the Palestinian Refugee Problem
10178:, Vol. 18, No. 1, Special Issue: Palestine 1948, (Autumn,1988), pp. 4–33, p. 19.
6952:
traditions have interpreted the events of 1948 differently; in the words of the
3158:
France suspended arms sales to Syria, notwithstanding already-signed contracts.
2421:
Israel's chances of winning a war against the Arab states were only about even.
26350:
25952:
25877:
25867:
25862:
25722:
25462:
25251:
25174:
24902:
24807:
24557:
24497:
24129:
24047:
23950:
23910:
23880:
23780:
23735:
23077:
23006:
22958:
22880:
22715:
22621:
22561:
22467:
22455:
22413:
22379:
22328:
22247:
22013:
21735:
21484:
21392:
21314:
21106:
21065:
21032:
20750:
20657:
20626:
20580:
20520:
20385:
20376:
20205:
20160:
20016:
19971:
19944:
19926:
19917:
19791:
19548:
19512:
19494:
19359:
19233:
19161:
18927:
18765:
18729:
18549:
18369:
18189:
17946:
17820:
17784:
17496:
17406:
17217:
17199:
17190:
17127:
16938:
16929:
16821:
16767:
16571:
16474:
15477:
15451:
15320:
15148:
15143:
15117:
14951:
14548:
14524:
13598:
13457:
13427:
13324:
13192:
13092:
12589:
11780:
11757:
11478:
11215:
11198:
10871:
8820:
Social Mobilization in the Arab/Israeli War of 1948: On the Israeli Home Front,
7298:
7242:
7090:
7077:
7043:
7034:
was taught in Israeli schools and used for gaining legitimacy internationally.
6953:
6949:
6775:
6614:
6567:
6287:
6264:
6256:
6117:
5729:
5686:
5647:
As the fighting progressed and Israel mounted an incursion into the Sinai, the
5601:
5539:
5512:
5422:
5408:
5388:
5361:
5274:
5080:
5020:
5009:
4766:
4343:
4288:
On 3 June, Israel scored its first victory in aerial combat when Israeli pilot
4278:
4262:
4087:
3909:
3857:
3817:
3715:
3680:
3437:
3424:. To secure their flanks, the Egyptians attacked and laid siege to a number of
3389:
The Egyptian force, the largest among the Arab armies, invaded from the south.
3184:
3155:
had fifty planes, the ten newest of which were World War II–generation models.
2978:
2779:
2757:
2701:
2678:
2617:
2584:
2489:
2434:
2242:
1951:
1939:
1797:
1567:
1563:
1180:
1096:
1089:
707:
637:
423:
20259:
20124:
20079:
20070:
19962:
19935:
19800:
19539:
19449:
19431:
19395:
18819:
18792:
18666:
18288:
18090:
17901:
17874:
17775:
17730:
17694:
17640:
17613:
17415:
17019:
16947:
16920:
16902:
16704:
16587:
12704:
12455:
12398:
11790:
10213:
9454:
9085:
The Politics of Partition: King Abdullah, the Zionists and Palestine 1921–1951
8972:
7683:
5459:", an encircled Egyptian force was able to hold out for four months until the
5367:
5226:
4630:
3900:
and R 37 tanks, an artillery battalion and other units. The Syrian president,
3521:
were able to cut off supplies to Israeli fighters and civilians in Jerusalem.
3464:. In the first combat mission performed by Israel's fledgling air force, four
1593:
from their homes in the area that became Israel, marking the beginning of the
26535:
26381:
26116:
25962:
25857:
25822:
25807:
25767:
25309:
25139:
24877:
24787:
24650:
24630:
24517:
24278:
24256:
24221:
23800:
23795:
23750:
23672:
23632:
23381:
23234:
22761:
22722:
22648:
22643:
22609:
22554:
22355:
22333:
22046:
21671:
21569:
21441:
21397:
21321:
21178:
20912:
20830:
20806:
20783:
20705:
20700:
20671:
20652:
20609:
20594:
20538:
20394:
20232:
20187:
20133:
19737:
19584:
19467:
19377:
19125:
19044:
19026:
18828:
18783:
18684:
18378:
18162:
18135:
18081:
18027:
18000:
17937:
17757:
17703:
17622:
17514:
17478:
17469:
17460:
17424:
17361:
17343:
17307:
17262:
17226:
16965:
16857:
16686:
16539:
16529:
16484:
16459:
16454:
15686:
15270:
15122:
14891:
14698:
14578:
14360:
14075:
13828:
13772:
13723:
13637:
13593:
Politics in Palestine: Arab Factionalism and Social Disintegration, 1939–1948
13556:
13371:
Israeli-Jordanian Dialogue, 1948–1953: Cooperation, Conspiracy, or Collusion?
13213:
13142:
12935:
12827:
12788:
12735:
12640:
12607:
12573:
12545:
12505:
12406:
12185:"Re-claiming Palestine: The Legal Basis for Rights of Return and Restitution"
11886:
11839:
10867:
10854:
10169:
9278:
9176:
9160:
8063:
7910:
7789:
7691:
7306:
7302:
7232:
6734:
6724:
6619:
6065:
5941:
5933:
5882:
5878:
5705:
5606:
5528:
5472:
5456:
5396:
5325:
5321:
5293:
5133:
5072:
4965:
4718:
4620:
4241:
4200:, where the bulk of Sherut Avir's aircraft were concentrated, as well as the
3757:
3739:
3589:
3530:
3526:
3359:(IDF), incorporating these forces into one military under a central command.
3145:
3122:
2879:
2869:
2862:
2821:
2768:
2717:
2712:
2694:
2667:
2648:
2589:
2450:
2149:
1998:
1935:
1919:
1720:
1543:
1381:
1132:
1082:
774:
751:
729:
696:
670:
23249:
20322:
19782:
18108:
17748:
13899:
9854:
7294:
7113:
7065:
6634:
4067:
Volunteers evacuating a wounded man during Egyptian bombardment of Tel Aviv.
2153:
580:
370:
26418:
26371:
26285:
25902:
25852:
25782:
25772:
25626:
25614:
25601:
25407:
25234:
24735:
23983:
23833:
23692:
23687:
23682:
23388:
23259:
23244:
23229:
23219:
23147:
22994:
22851:
22805:
22705:
22653:
22578:
22542:
22445:
22420:
22296:
22157:
22145:
22109:
21999:
21723:
21716:
21681:
21621:
21564:
21533:
21528:
21424:
21347:
21328:
21304:
21263:
21022:
20981:
20924:
20724:
20695:
20664:
20633:
20587:
16549:
16067:
15386:
15164:
14996:
14941:
14854:
14239:
Empires of the Sand: The Struggle for Mastery in the Middle East, 1789–1923
14234:
14166:. "Iraq and the 1948 War: mirror of Iraq's disorder." in Rogan and Shlaim.
14061:
14040:
13805:
13624:
13535:
13517:
13316:
13280:
9776:
9217:
7629:
The Encyclopedia of Middle East Wars: The United States in the Persian Gulf
7247:
7211:
7200:' to describe the Palestinian catastrophe in the war of 1948 was coined in
7137:
7057:
7049:
6987:
6649:
6629:
6609:
6599:
6572:
6331:
6113:
6026:
5974:
5972:
Mortars, 2-inch (51 mm) British mortars, 65 mm French howitzers (
5963:
5921:
5861:
5741:
5678:
5464:
5317:
5297:
5160:
5156:
5128:, with the frontier running from Faluja northeast towards Ramla and Lydda.
5005:
4827:
4795:
On 12 July, the Egyptians launched an offensive action, and again attacked
4664:
4464:
4373:
4282:
4270:
4036:
3999:
3964:
3960:
3884:
3730:
3397:
3352:
3293:
3277:
2954:
2689:
2516:
2430:
2338:
2293:
2267:
2161:
2119:
2087:
2051:
1962:
1847:
In preparation for the offensive, Haganah successfully launched Operations
1782:
1748:
873:
829:
740:
659:
552:
374:
143:
13296:
The Israeli-Egyptian Peace Process in the Reporting of Western Journalists
12977:
12897:"Israeli Air Force, particularly its scrappy beginnings, inspires 3 films"
10387:
War in Palestine, 1948: Israeli and Arab Strategy and Diplomacy. David Tal
8643:
6831:
are a controversial topic among historians. After the war, around 156,000
4249:
3460:
From 29 May to 3 June, Israeli forces stopped the Egyptian drive north in
1934:
agents amassed fifty 65mm French mountain guns, twelve 120mm mortars, ten
26413:
26333:
26316:
26275:
25947:
25552:
25522:
25377:
25367:
25266:
25129:
24922:
24411:
24241:
24226:
24037:
23885:
23853:
23740:
23555:
23460:
23399:
23239:
23224:
22698:
22513:
22406:
22391:
22313:
22261:
22131:
21987:
21980:
21958:
21896:
21847:
21740:
21676:
21581:
21552:
21387:
21382:
21377:
21273:
21248:
21238:
21209:
21125:
21037:
20934:
20882:
20862:
20811:
20801:
20676:
16117:
15278:
15251:
15107:
14901:
14512:
14500:
14230:
13348:
13253:
13160:
12856:
11675:
11254:
11009:
10121:
7336:, depicts the Al Schwimmer-led airborne smuggling missions to arm Israel.
7282:
7156:
6855:
6639:
6624:
6604:
6030:
6001:
5857:
5849:
5841:
5781:
and other essential fuels to Israel in retaliation for the incident. The
5524:
5437:
5380:
5027:, Lehi was to break through the wall stretching from the New Gate to the
5013:
4913:
4885:
4840:
4836:
4806:
was driven off by a minefield and by resistance from Gal On's residents.
4507:
4157:
4136:
4091:
4051:
3980:
3917:
3897:
3877:
3630:
3517:
3320:
2990:
2741:
2388:
2370:
2263:
2202:
2194:
2174:
2022:
1837:
1829:
1704:
1438:
758:
718:
685:
648:
438:
120:
14716:
14310:
Reshaping Palestine: From Muhammad Ali to the British Mandate, 1831–1922
13084:
12743:
12719:
12686:
The Iron Cage : The Story of the Palestinian Struggle for Statehood
4855:. In a second planned stage of the operation the fortified positions of
4063:
2078:
such as the attacks on trains and the kidnapping of British servicemen.
982:
25706:
25417:
25387:
25341:
25256:
25224:
25216:
25159:
24847:
24562:
24251:
24139:
23745:
23264:
23087:
22980:
22970:
22800:
22585:
22460:
22450:
22396:
22384:
22367:
22350:
22308:
22254:
22162:
22051:
22039:
21992:
21934:
21906:
21730:
21479:
21185:
21060:
20993:
20986:
20840:
20835:
20778:
20773:
20688:
15904:
14825:
14389:
14105:
13973:
13886:
12835:
12598:
12382:
12155:
11847:
11815:
9184:
9145:
8875:
7797:
7450:
6956:
6933:
6654:
6435:
6279:
6061:
6018:
6009:
5886:
5865:
5769:
5578:
5570:
5036:
5028:
4511:
4417:
4377:
4258:
4182:
4040:
3998:
and advanced to the main road, where they were stopped by units of the
3880:
3596:
3498:, and the Israeli defenders surrendered after resisting for five days.
3465:
3417:
3325:
3316:
3228:
2967:
2918:
2839:
2829:
2811:
2458:
2300:
2271:
2133:
1986:
1966:
1943:
1907:
1860:
1752:
1740:
1716:
1579:
1508:
593:
253:
24360:
12853:
Blaming the Victims, Spurious Scholarship and the Palestinian Question
12684:
12414:
12209:
4880:
2402:
says that in terms of manpower, the sides were fairly evenly matched.
2125:
According to research by Shay Hazkani, Ben-Gurion and segments of the
1832:
fell, resulting in the flight of more than 250,000 Palestinian Arabs.
1800:
in its first large-scale operation, coinciding with the loss of their
26489:
26002:
25847:
25696:
25669:
25482:
25437:
25346:
25314:
25294:
25286:
24615:
24405:
23254:
23142:
22939:
22839:
22788:
22479:
22401:
22126:
22097:
22006:
21951:
21911:
21878:
21745:
21709:
21702:
21688:
21636:
21474:
21469:
21409:
21365:
21202:
20951:
20892:
20872:
20845:
16519:
16032:
14936:
14886:
14260:
13767:
Comrades and Enemies: Arab and Jewish Workers in Palestine, 1906–1948
13738:
13504:
13477:
13356:
13221:
13030:
12953:
10883:
9977:
Dawr Al-Mamlaka Al-'Arabiyya Al-Sa'udiyya Fi Harb Filastin 1367H/1948
9520:
The Philosopher as Witness: Fackenheim and Responses to the Holocaust
9375:
Sword and the Olive: A Critical History of the Israeli Defense Force,
9331:
Sword and the Olive: A Critical History of the Israeli Defense Force,
8611:
7890:
7140:(who had become more outspokenly defensive of Zionism by this time),
7121:
6689:
6644:
6577:
6283:
6239:
6188:
5997:
5906:, Automitrailleuses Dodge/Bich type, improvised armored cars/trucks,
5853:
5632:
5495:
5445:
5426:
5357:
5340:
5304:
were allowed to remain and became Israeli citizens. The villagers of
5282:
5129:
4909:
4671:
4452:
4425:
4421:
4362:
4327:
4289:
4170:
3932:
using tanks and aircraft, and on 18 May they succeeded in conquering
3841:
3837:
3696:
3692:
3581:
3421:
3166:
2914:
2792:
2414:
2365:
2115:
1571:
1559:
1551:
1504:
1500:
245:
14344:
14139:
13825:
Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881–2001
13013:
12993:
12819:
11831:
9168:
8464:
Sword and the Olive: A Critical History of the Israeli Defense Force
7781:
4867:, near Latrun, was captured by the Israelis at a cost of nine dead.
4354:
3378:
2981:, but the shipment never arrived due to Haganah force intervention.
2832:
from scrap-heap material found in abandoned British ordnance depots.
2828:
Following Israeli independence, the Israelis managed to build three
25581:
25422:
25319:
25194:
25013:
24917:
24057:
23915:
23369:
22922:
22858:
22667:
22602:
22474:
22340:
22179:
22090:
21975:
21963:
21832:
21436:
21419:
21372:
21268:
21221:
21190:
20956:
20929:
20897:
20768:
20743:
20621:
16544:
16504:
16489:
16479:
16449:
16444:
16439:
13735:
Military Preparations of the Arab Community in Palestine: 1945–1948
12656:"The History of Zionist Historiography: From Apologetics to Denial"
12242:(Report). Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. 2006. Archived from
12046:
David Ben-Gurion, the State of Israel and the Arab World, 1949–1956
11014:'Drafting the blueprint for Palestinian refugees' right of return,'
8131:
United Nations: General Assembly: A/RES/181(II): 29 November 1947:
7260:
7136:
Among those Pappé associated with the neo-Zionist perspective were
6968:
6694:
6069:
6044:
5724:
for interrogation, and were later released. Another was rescued by
5721:
5621:
5468:
5467:
provided support by bombarding Egyptian shore installations in the
5345:
5194:
5116:
would be divided between Jordan and Egypt, and Jordan would annexe
5076:
5024:
4932:
4860:
4732:
4655:
4472:
4331:
4223:
4193:
4174:
4141:
3735:
3487:
3468:
attacked an Egyptian armoured column of 500 vehicles on its way to
3448:
3195:
in early January of the new year. With the subsequent armistice of
3058:
2406:
2197:
cablegram explaining the reasons for their entry into the territory
2160:
and to expel as many Palestinians as possible, though according to
1809:
1796:
At the same time, the Arab Liberation Army was roundly defeated at
1555:
130:
124:
24701:
Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union
13353:
Jewish-Transjordanian Relations 1921–48: Alliance of Bars Sinister
12803:
11863:"'Cast thy bread': Israeli biological warfare during the 1948 War"
10128:, 2006 – Chap. 8 "The Arab Regular Armies' Invasion of Palestine".
6892:
In the three years from May 1948 to the end of 1951, 700,000 Jews
5546:
5375:
5264:
Israeli soldiers attack Sasa during Operation Hiram, October 1948.
1993:
Guns) and 210 three-inch (76 mm) mortars", along with a few "
407:
26499:
25527:
25412:
25402:
25351:
24892:
23637:
22773:
22674:
22595:
22518:
22508:
22503:
22425:
22372:
22360:
22345:
22278:
22242:
22068:
22027:
21941:
21815:
21810:
21557:
21545:
21523:
21309:
21113:
21094:
20998:
20961:
20939:
20887:
20614:
16524:
16514:
16111:
15102:
15057:
15032:
14361:
History of Palestine, Israel and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
14098:
13621:
The Iron Cage:The Story of the Palestinian Struggle for Statehood
13179:
Israel's Secret Wars: A History of Israel's Intelligence Services
11522:
force had to be destroyed or, at the least, driven from Palestine
11024:
8516:"Al Schwimmer, Founder of Israel Aircraft Industries, Dies at 94"
7263:
with the goal of defending their political legitimacy, while the
7098:
6684:
6252:
5983:
5920:
British World War II era trucks, improvised armored cars/trucks,
5869:
5725:
5682:
5613:
5352:
5313:
5125:
5043:
4940:
4782:
4499:, was in the territory of the proposed Jewish State according to
4310:
4028:
3925:
3845:
3829:
3810:
3806:
3425:
3250:
2946:
2817:
2410:
2059:
2038:
1994:
1931:
1891:
1852:
1764:
1724:
1689:
1669:
1665:
1465:
539:
380:
330:
316:
312:
13716:
12969:
11039:
War in Palestine, 1948: Israeli and Arab Strategy and Diplomacy,
9110:
War in Palestine, 1948: Israeli and Arab Strategy and Diplomacy,
8635:
8313:
War in Palestine, 1948: Israeli and Arab Strategy and Diplomacy,
8257:
Dominique Lapierre et Larry Collins (1971), chap. 7, pp. 131–153
7815:
War in Palestine, 1948: Israeli and Arab Strategy and Diplomacy,
4773:
In the south, the IDF carried out several offensives, including
4134:
All Jewish aviation assets were placed under the control of the
3947:
in the north, where local militia reinforced by elements of the
3928:, but they were bogged down by resistance. Later, they attacked
3653:
Jewish residents of Jerusalem fleeing during the battle for the
3109:
10,000 men was sent to Palestine under the command of Maj. Gen.
2398:
believed that the Arab states would finally win in case of war.
26208:
25595:
25397:
25336:
24271:
22975:
22868:
22832:
22783:
22679:
22631:
22626:
22590:
22547:
22440:
22318:
22235:
22228:
22223:
22206:
22172:
22114:
22102:
22075:
21626:
21574:
21446:
21243:
21156:
21027:
20946:
20877:
20857:
20645:
16554:
15092:
15087:
14844:
14839:
10459:
8866:'Unsettling 1948: A Review of Shay Hazkani's ‘Dear Palestine’,'
8774:(3rd ed.). London: Taylor & Francis. pp. 23, 24.
8739:
7892:
War in Palestine, 1948: Israeli and Arab Strategy and Diplomacy
6937:
6893:
6052:
5690:
5449:
5430:
5253:
5221:
5215:
4928:
4859:– overlooking the Tel Aviv-Jerusalem highway – and the city of
4856:
4803:
4476:
4161:
4149:
3872:
3833:
3825:
3798:
3703:
3469:
3444:
3285:
3261:
3100:
In 1948, Iraq's army had 21,000 men in twelve brigades and the
3094:
3076:
3027:
2910:
2803:
2788:
2454:
2111:
2002:
1821:
1684:
1602:
1469:
824:
813:
802:
746:
735:
724:
713:
702:
691:
680:
665:
654:
643:
632:
621:
499:
299:
293:
279:
198:
13003:
The Edge of the Sword: Israel's War of Independence, 1947–1949
12015:
One state, two states: resolving the Israel/Palestine conflict
9996:
Morris, 2008, p. 205; cites British diplomatic communications.
4761:
3782:
3367:
336:
26198:
26080:
26036:
American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation
25542:
25325:
23404:
23048:
22963:
22890:
22793:
22754:
22430:
22266:
22201:
22196:
22167:
22085:
22080:
21901:
21859:
21842:
21805:
21798:
21793:
21755:
21750:
21666:
21661:
21631:
21591:
21489:
21402:
21161:
20917:
20902:
20867:
20736:
20681:
16534:
16464:
15127:
15097:
15042:
14931:
14921:
14863:
14820:
9203:
8170:
Imperial Endgame: Britain's Dirty Wars and the End of Empire,
7541:
L'imaginaire d'Israël : histoire d'une culture politique
7197:
6960:
6870:
Palestinian refugees and displaced persons and the lack of a
6847:
6812:
6530:
6378:
6260:
6077:
6073:
5845:
5778:
5761:
5757:
5656:
5617:
5574:
5305:
5198:
5193:
repeatedly fired at Israeli traffic along the main road from
5190:
5121:
5113:
5050:
5001:
4936:
4901:
4852:
4815:
The Egyptians then assaulted the lightly defended village of
4796:
4736:
4611:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4468:
4460:
4456:
4440:
The Palestine Military Situation, 11 June 1948. Truman Papers
4381:
4335:
4323:
4318:
4277:
Many of the pilots who fought for the Israeli Air Force were
4032:
3984:
3821:
3802:
3787:
3495:
3429:
3383:
3372:
3348:
3257:
3253:
3200:
3180:
3176:
3129:
and one medium-machine-gun battalion with supporting troops.
2958:
2942:
2934:
2807:
2453:, "the arms at the disposal of these forces were plentiful".
2067:
1825:
1817:
1813:
1801:
1778:
1693:
1598:
1547:
1539:
1531:
364:
346:
137:
14370:
Palestinian viewpoint concerning the context of the 1948 war
14277:, Random House Ballantine Publishing Group, New York, 2003,
13690:
The Forgotten Friendship: Israel and the Soviet Bloc 1947–53
12720:"Revisionist Views of the Modern History of Palestine: 1948"
12303:
retrieved on 29 October 2007 from the U.S. Holocaust Museum.
12150:
12148:
9813:
I. Pappe, "The ethnic cleansing of Palestine", 2006, p. 129.
9781:
Victimes : histoire revisitée du conflit arabo-sioniste
8379:
5681:
flown by American volunteer Wayne Peake as it flew over the
4765:
An Egyptian artillery piece captured by battalion 53 of the
3633:
soldier standing in ruins of the most sacred Synagogue, the
26291:
2023 exchange of Israeli hostages for Palestinian prisoners
25620:
25502:
23394:
23338:
22191:
21946:
16429:
10866:
10172:, "Plan Dalet: Master Plan for the Conquest of Palestine,"
9770:
6290:) were occupied by Egypt and Transjordan respectively. The
6093:
6057:
6048:
5856:(dug in and used as stationary gun emplacements by Egypt),
5332:. Both officers were later put on trial for their actions.
4380:
ships that had been seized by the British and impounded in
4178:
3956:
3409:
2348:
2266:, the strongest Arab army involved in the war according to
1990:
1480:, while the Jewish opposition developed into the 1944–1947
13568:
The Birth of Israel, 1945–1949: Ben-Gurion and His Critics
12771:
The war for Palestine : rewriting the history of 1948
12623:
The war for Palestine : rewriting the history of 1948
9643:
9573:"Wars of the World: Israeli War of Independence 1948–1949"
7719:
Politics and Society in Modern Israel: Myths and Realities
7431:, "Israel's Bedouin Warriors", Gene Dison, August 12, 1948
6846:
throughout the Arab world. The United Nations established
5720:
Two pilots were captured by Israeli soldiers and taken to
5655:
planes. High-flying British aircraft frequently flew over
5436:
Operation Yoav was headed by the Southern Front commander
5320:, occupying thirteen Lebanese villages. In the village of
5094:
3852:
then stopped the Iraqi advance and retook Geulim. The IDF
3288:
on 14 May 1948, a few hours before the termination of the
326:
26075:
26055:
26050:
22119:
14292:
A Century of Spies: Intelligence in the Twentieth Century
12768:
12145:
12110:
http://www.history.ac.uk/reviews/paper/hughesMatthew.html
10696:
8469:
8242:
5666:
On 20 November 1948, an unarmed RAF photo-reconnaissance
5117:
4848:
4843:
troops to "make arrangements...for a phony war". Israeli
2071:
1535:
1429:. The civil war became a war of separate states with the
23017:
10981:
A History of Israel from the Rise of Zionism to Our Time
8444:
8415:
8296:
8269:
7347:
List of battles and operations in the 1948 Palestine war
5713:
were then attacked by patrolling IAF Spitfires flown by
5663:, and became known to the Israelis as the "shuftykeit."
5344:
Israeli troops occupying abandoned Egyptian trenches at
3451:, there would have been no Israeli force to block them.
3392:
On 15 May 1948, the Egyptians attacked two settlements:
3249:
A "Butterfly" improvised armoured car of the Haganah at
360:
23288:
Villages depopulated during the 1948 Palestinian exodus
14476:
14066:
The Continuum Political Encyclopedia of the Middle East
13810:
The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947–1949
13098:
Scars of War, Wounds of Peace: The Israeli-Arab Tragedy
12773:(2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
12625:(2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
12574:"The Vicissitudes of the 1948 Historiography of Israel"
12485:
11126:
The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947–1949
10772:
10770:
10768:
10650:
10648:
10514:
10512:
10510:
10508:
9402:
9400:
8542:"How a Fake Kibbutz Was Built to Hide a Bullet Factory"
8388:
8376:
Dominique Lapierre et Larry Collins (1971), pp. 369–381
8287:
8260:
8233:
8040:
Memorandum on the Palestine Refugee Problem, 4 May 1949
7766:"Plan Dalet: Master Plan for the Conquest of Palestine"
4663:, assassinated in September 1948 by the militant group
4035:, from Arab forces. On 2 June, Holy War Army commander
3560:
A bulldozer tows a truck on the "Burma road", June 1948
3516:
and on the Jerusalem – Tel Aviv road, between Jordan's
3396:, using artillery, armoured cars carrying cannons, and
2469:
had 88,033 soldiers, including 60,000 combat soldiers.
1445:
the following morning. The war formally ended with the
964:
6,373 killed (about 4,000 fighters and 2,400 civilians)
13844:
The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited
13753:
Jerusalem Embattled – A Diary of the City under Siege.
13197:
Terror Out of Zion: The Fight For Israeli Independence
12212:
The Palestinian Refugees: Old Problems – new Solutions
10900:
10535:
10533:
9223:
The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited
8278:
8251:
8224:
8001:
The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited
7508:
7506:
6999:
The narratives of 1948 have also had implications for
6101:
1926:
bombers, one of which bombed Cairo in July 1948, some
1785:
formations massacred a substantial number of Arabs at
14784:
13058:
The Jewish Brigade: An Army With Two Masters, 1944–45
12855:, ed. E. W. Said and C. Hitchens, pp. 33–69. London:
10935:
9839:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. p. 32.
9837:
Arabs at War : Military Effectiveness, 1948–1991
9786:
6122:
biological warfare operation codenamed Cast Thy Bread
5969:, 2-pounder anti-tank guns, 6-pounder anti-tank guns
5550:
An Israeli convoy in the Negev during Operation Horev
4525:
3218:
3089:
on Belgium to suspend arms sales to the Arab states.
3049:
Third Brigade, includes: Second and Fourth Regiments
30:
This article is about the international phase of the
27:
Second and final stage of the 1947–1949 Palestine war
13989:
The War for Palestine: Rewriting the History of 1948
13978:
The War for Palestine: Rewriting the History of 1948
12440:(First ed.). New York: Henry Holt and Company.
12265:
12263:
12261:
11861:
Morris, Benny; Kedar, Benjamin Z. (1 January 2022).
10765:
10645:
10505:
9604:
9397:
7408:
Final armistice agreement concluded on 20 July 1949.
6821:
displaced Palestinians inside Israeli-held territory
6322:
Killings and massacres during the 1948 Palestine war
5561:
Israeli forces subsequently launched raids into the
5112:
proposed a new partition for Palestine in which the
5049:
On 14 July 1948, Irgun occupied the Arab village of
4160:
in March 1948, and the Negev Squadron was formed at
3432:, among those Kfar Darom, Nirim, Yad Mordechai, and
3035:
Second Brigade, includes: Fifth and Sixth Regiments
14345:
United Nations: System on the Question of Palestine
12334:
10530:
9625:"British deserter who stole tanks for Haganah dies"
8942:
8940:
8938:
8936:
8133:
Resolution 181 (II). Future government of Palestine
7503:
7311:
Israeli Historical Revisionism: From Left to Right.
5475:from evacuating retreating Egyptian troops by sea.
5383:, near Hebron, after it was captured. October 1948.
5328:between 35 and 58 prisoners as retaliation for the
3867:
3440:to prepare to stop the Egyptian drive on Tel Aviv.
3191:beginning in late December which culminated in the
23271:The Origins and Evolution of the Palestine Problem
14080:Land and Power: Zionist Resort to Force, 1881–1948
13332:A Documentary History of the Arab-Israeli Conflict
12957:
12331:Syracuse University Press 2003 pp. 24, 31, 42, 45.
12179:
12177:
11785:. St Antony's Series. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
11622:
11318:
11316:
11314:
11293:"Area of Jurisdiction and Powers Ordinance (1948)"
11123:
10875:
10857:, 2002, p. 24 citing Ben Gurion's diary of the war
10841:
10839:
10837:
10835:
10833:
10831:
10829:
10827:
10186:
10184:
9828:
9821:
9819:
9144:
8805:
8803:
8615:
8275:Dominique Lapierre et Larry Collins (1971), p. 163
7582:
7443:"Bedouin army trackers scale Israel social ladder"
6274:The armistice lines were known afterwards as the "
6120:show that during the 1948 war, Israel conducted a
5543:with the Israelis losing 5 killed and 30 wounded.
4226:had been lost, including many of its best pilots.
3943:On 21 May, the Syrian army was stopped at kibbutz
2373:carried out the order ruthlessly and efficiently.
557:
15811:
14175:Israel's Holocaust and the Politics of Nationhood
14156:6th ed., Peter N. Stearns (general editor), 2001
14096:Sheleg, Yair (2001). "A Short History of Terror"
13960:Syracuse Studies on Peace and Conflict Resolution
13540:The Arab-Israeli Conflict. The Palestine War 1948
12258:
11409:
11407:
10552:Elusive Victory: The Arab–Israeli Wars, 1947–1974
8437:
8435:
8433:
8431:
8429:
8427:
7954:
7952:
7950:
7948:
7946:
7944:
7715:
4148:, with the first ground support operation (in an
3584:was only saved via the opening of the so-called "
2257:
2219:The Arab League gave reasons for its invasion in
1851:and Ben-'Ami to secure the Jewish settlements of
977:3,000–13,000 killed (both fighters and civilians)
26533:
26021:List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States
11975:
11629:. Doubleday Religious Publishing Group. p.
11581:
11549:. Institute for Palestine Studies. p. 108.
11446:
11429:Access Denied: Palestinian Land Rights in Israel
11405:
11403:
11401:
11399:
11397:
11395:
11393:
11391:
11389:
11387:
10814:
10812:
10810:
10808:
10806:
10804:
10802:
10800:
10798:
10796:
10586:. Institute for Palestine Studies. p. 480.
10477:
10475:
10473:
10471:
10370:
10368:
10366:
10364:
10362:
10360:
10358:
10331:
10259:
10257:
10255:
9717:
9715:
9700:
9662:Imperial Defence: The Old World Order, 1856–1956
9599:The Israeli Army in the Middle East Wars 1948–73
9436:
9434:
9432:
9430:
8933:
7835:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 228–247,
6978:The historiography of 1948 is tied to political
6762:Estimates of the number of Palestinians who fled
5124:. There would be a Jewish state in the whole of
4719:Second phase: 8–18 July 1948 ("Ten Day Battles")
3809:. On 25 May, they were making their way towards
2901:After the second truce, Czechoslovakia supplied
1676:came from Egypt with several hundred men of the
24458:North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972
23865:On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences
13929:Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness, 1948–1991
12960:The Faithful City: The Siege of Jerusalem, 1948
12210:Joseph Ginat and Edward Joseph Perkins (2001).
12174:
12036:
11484:
11311:
10824:
10786:
10784:
10782:
10674:"Focus on Israel: MACHAL – Overseas Volunteers"
10637:. John Hayles, aeroflight.co.uk. Archived from
10401:
10181:
10035:
9816:
9044:
9042:
9040:
9038:
9036:
9034:
9032:
8800:
8618:The faithful city: the siege of Jerusalem, 1948
8580:
8578:
8576:
6900:. Among them, the largest group, over 100,000,
5569:on 28 December. The IDF captured Umm Katef and
4964:equipped with armoured vehicles, including two
4872:1948 Palestinian expulsion from Lydda and Ramle
4188:On 15 May, with the beginning of the war, four
3420:and the other column advanced eastwards toward
3018:First Brigade, includes: 1st and 3rd regiments
2033:, and World War II. It had a mobile force, the
2001:, a clandestine bullet factory beneath kibbutz
1591:700,000 Palestinian Arabs fled or were expelled
13501:Documents on Israeli Soviet Relations, 1941–53
13462:The Arab-Israeli Conflict: Its History in Maps
12662:. Benny Morris. University of Michigan Press.
12005:
10231:
8424:
8318:
8104:
8102:
7941:
7070:Britain and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1948–51
6810:, a displacement known to Palestinians as the
3820:, and instead took defensive positions around
3618:Jordanian artillery shelling Jerusalem in 1948
2973:Syria bought a quantity of small arms for the
136:Israeli soldier with Palestinian prisoners in
26181:
23354:
23033:
16394:
16286:
15797:
15198:
14770:
14732:
14618:
14462:
14376:Web Archives (archived 13 September 2002)
13777:Palestine Inside Out: An Everyday Occupation,
12214:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 140.
11981:
11666:
11664:
11662:
11660:
11658:
11656:
11654:
11652:
11650:
11494:1948: a history of the first Arab-Israeli war
11384:
11326:1948: a history of the first Arab-Israeli war
11295:. Israellawresourcecenter.org. Archived from
11220:"Terrorism Can Be Just Another Point of View"
11208:
11167:
11075:1948: A History of the First Arab-Israeli War
10793:
10468:
10411:1948: A History of the First Arab-Israeli War
10355:
10343:
10252:
10240:
10193:
10141:. Unispal.un.org. 12 May 1948. Archived from
10078:
10076:
10045:1948: A History of the First Arab-Israeli War
9918:
9912:
9712:
9427:
9146:"Nasser's Memoirs of the First Palestine War"
8597:
8595:
8593:
8328:1948: a history of the first Arab-Israeli war
8195:1948: A History of the First Arab-Israeli War
8119:Jewish Property Claims Against Arab Countries
7327:tells the story of an Egyptian fighter pilot.
6783:
6292:United Nations Truce Supervision Organization
5185:The Arab villagers of the area known as the "
3296:of neighbouring Arab states –
1763:. 1500 men from Haganah's Givati brigade and
1696:and north of Galilee was even more critical.
998:
162:(9 months, 3 weeks and 2 days)
26097:Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War
23648:Incapacitation of the Allied Control Council
12929:
12387:International Journal of Middle East Studies
12240:Population, by Religion and Population Group
12011:
11490:
11322:
11121:
11071:
10779:
10407:
10269:
10115:
10041:
9233:. pp. 76, 82, 104, 126, 130, 202, 253.
9054:
9029:
8834:Dear Palestine:A Social History of the 1948,
8573:
8324:
8191:
7062:The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem
6982:in the present and has implications for the
6215: Israeli controlled territory from 1949
6132:
5693:. The pilot and navigator were both killed.
5627:
5222:Third phase: 15 October 1948 – 10 March 1949
5214:route were removed. Traffic along the Haifa-
4237:An Avia S-199, Israel's 1st fighter aircraft
3695:, with his water quota, during the siege of
3529:, Israel's first general, who was killed by
2795:’, which were actually intended for Israel.
2376:
1719:from sympathisers in the United States, and
1470:mass migration of European Jews to Palestine
24958:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
13818:1948 and after; Israel and the Palestinians
13563:Infobase Publishing. 2005. pp. 291–298
13157:Contested Spaces: The Arab-Israeli Conflict
12042:
11860:
11585:Rudi Weissenstein: Israel Early Photographs
11247:
11201:, Assassination in International Politics,
9869:"Yoav Gelber, 2006, 'Sharon's Inheritance'"
8099:
8004:, pp. 602–604. Cambridge University Press;
7711:
7709:
7564:
7562:
7533:
7352:List of modern conflicts in the Middle East
7228:that was published in Arabic in the 1950s.
6898:arrived from Asian and North African states
5237:
5155:in Jerusalem by the militant Zionist group
3310:United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine
1981:The Yishuv also had "a relatively advanced
1625:United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine
1493:United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine
26188:
26174:
26061:United States involvement in regime change
23616:1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine
23361:
23347:
23040:
23026:
16401:
16387:
16293:
16279:
16256:Israeli–Lebanese maritime border agreement
15804:
15790:
15205:
15191:
14777:
14763:
14739:
14725:
14625:
14611:
14469:
14455:
12769:Eugene L. Rogan; Avi Shlaim, eds. (2007).
12521:
11901:
11647:
10315:. Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Archived from
10073:
9925:. Cambridge University Press. p. 73.
9081:
8926:
8924:
8590:
7741:
7739:
7076:(1988). These writers came to be known as
6804:1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine
6790:
6776:
5960:25 mm anti-tank guns on Bren carriers
4888:after the town's capture by Israeli forces
3795:attacking the Israeli settlement of Gesher
3486:, Egyptian forces attacked the kibbutz of
3225:1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine
2800:supplied vast quantities of arms to Israel
2461:to transport cargo to Tel Aviv on 13 May.
2212:In April with the Palestinian defeat, the
1629:1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine
1005:
991:
919:: 2,000 initially, rising to 15,000–18,000
36:1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine
26542:History of the Jews in Palestine (region)
26439:2011 southern Israel cross-border attacks
26339:Israeli occupation of the Sinai Peninsula
23073:Sectarian conflict in Mandatory Palestine
15966:UN Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 242
15940:UN General Assembly (UNGA) Resolution 194
14746:
13932:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
13705:Genesis 1948 – the first Arab-Israeli war
12597:
12530:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
12490:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
11708:
11706:
11704:
11702:
11625:To the Promised Land: The Birth of Israel
10973:
10878:The Fifty Years War: Israel and the Arabs
9909:D. Kurzman, "Genesis 1948", 1972, p. 556.
9804:D. Kurzman, 'Genesis 1948', 1972, p. 382.
9735:"Trans-Jordan: Chess Player & Friend"
9567:
9565:
9563:
8771:Israel's Wars : A History Since 1947
8707:. Nationalarchives.gov.uk. Archived from
8691:D. Kurzman, "Genesis 1948", 1970, p. 282.
7958:Morris, 2008, pp. 236, 237, 247, 253, 254
7665:
7663:
7661:
7190:
7108:
6233:controlled territory from 1948 until 1967
5696:Just before noon on 7 January 1949, four
5498:on 21 October, with air support from the
5174:
4650:
4431:
4122:Learn how and when to remove this message
3760:began its offensive in what was known as
3742:to capture Radar Hill in the war failed.
3362:
3355:. On 26 May 1948, Israel established the
2184:
1012:
34:. For the preceding civil war phase, see
14207:The Oxford History of the British Empire
13692:. University of Illinois Press, Urbana.
13321:The Birth of Israel: Myths and Realities
12942:. Macmillan Company of Canada, Toronto.
12486:Avraham Sela; Alon Kadish, eds. (2016).
12377:
12375:
12373:
12371:
12369:
12049:. Sussex Academic Press. pp. 174–.
11988:. Yale University Press. pp. 173–.
11813:
11782:The Origin of the Arab-Israeli Arms Race
11214:
10741:
10739:
10737:
10735:
9320:
8745:
8185:
8121:. Columbia University Press, 2008, p. 27
7992:
7706:
7559:
7545:Latroun : la mémoire de la bataille
7054:The Birth of Israel: Myths and Realities
6413:Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine
6142:
5631:
5545:
5534:From 5 to 7 December, the IDF conducted
5374:
5366:
5351:
5339:
5281:lost 33 dead and 40 wounded. Manara and
5259:
5247:
5225:
4981:
4891:
4879:
4831:Israeli soldiers in Lod (Lydda) or Ramle
4826:
4760:
4654:
4629:
4435:
4353:
4248:
4240:
4232:
4098:Relevant discussion may be found on the
4062:
4050:
4009:
3871:
3781:
3729:On 22 May, Arab forces attacked kibbutz
3674:
3599:before being forced back, and capturing
3377:
3366:
3292:at midnight. The following morning, the
3244:
3236:
2878:
2852:
2834:
2424:
2349:Arab Higher Committee of Amin al-Husayni
2276:
2188:
2156:, its purpose was to conquer as much of
1901:
1734:
1650:General Assembly resolution on Partition
1632:
1607:260,000 from the surrounding Arab states
1527:, interrupted by several truce periods.
1491:began the day after the adoption of the
1435:end of the British Mandate for Palestine
142:Israeli forces attacking the village of
24187:Transition to the New Order (Indonesia)
15303:Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon
13922:
13702:
13155:Bickerton, Ian and Hill, Maria (2003).
13027:Britain, Israel and Anglo-Jewry 1949–57
12717:
12682:
12620:
12526:. In Avraham Sela; Alon Kadish (eds.).
12435:
12367:
12365:
12363:
12361:
12359:
12357:
12355:
12353:
12351:
12349:
12187:. Thejerusalemfund.org. 2 August 2005.
11920:. Lawcenter.birzeit.edu. Archived from
11542:
11425:
11130:. Cambridge University Press. pp.
11028:and in the end they fled on their own.'
10579:
9834:
9792:
9658:
9591:
9479:
9022:
9020:
8921:
8767:
8062:
8021:Memo US Department of State, 4 May 1949
7829:"Israel and the Arab coalition in 1948"
7826:
7763:
7736:
7276:
7089:Among their most vitriolic critics was
6975:native language and is not translated.
6835:in Israel and became Israeli citizens.
6538:Hebraization of Palestinian place names
6341:
5516:, and damaged an Egyptian minesweeper.
5095:Second truce: 18 July – 15 October 1948
5042:The battle was planned to begin on the
4393:icebreaker, and the other two, the INS
4368:1944 which became the Israeli INS Eilat
4039:was killed in a battle with Haganah at
3664:
3105:the command of Gen. Nur ad-Din Mahmud.
2802:during the war, including thousands of
2381:
2262:King Abdullah was the commander of the
2101:
446:
14:
26534:
26031:Russian espionage in the United States
24303:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
16248:Israel–Morocco normalization agreement
16238:Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement
13987:Rogan, Eugene L. and Avi Shlaim, eds.
13769:. University of California Press, 1996
13236:Palestine. The Prize and Price of Zion
12952:
12653:
12567:
12565:
12563:
12561:
12559:
12557:
12555:
12517:
12515:
12481:
12479:
12477:
12475:
12473:
12471:
12469:
12467:
12465:
12381:
12085:United Nations Conciliation Commission
11715:
11699:
11588:. Modan Publishing House. p. 32.
11582:Weissenstein, Rudi; Dvir, Ori (2008).
11497:. Yale University Press. p. 320.
11329:. Yale University Press. p. 116.
11253:
11078:. Yale University Press. p. 287.
10632:
10414:. Yale University Press. p. 218.
10275:Wallach et al. (Volume 2, 1978), p. 29
10082:
10048:. Yale University Press. p. 185.
9622:
9618:
9616:
9560:
9252:
9250:
9216:
9194:from the original on 28 September 2011
9139:
8699:
8697:
8610:
8331:. Yale University Press. p. 116.
7669:
7658:
7625:
7619:
7578:
7576:
7574:
7478:
7476:
7474:
7472:
6838:Displaced Palestinian Arabs, known as
6757:List of depopulated towns and villages
6161: Area assigned for a Jewish state
4059:shot down over Tel Aviv on 15 May 1948
2391:military reached similar conclusions.
2164:there was no such intent. In his book
504:
26572:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight
26329:Egyptian occupation of the Gaza Strip
26254:Second United Nations Emergency Force
26169:
26026:Soviet espionage in the United States
24182:Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966
23961:Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution
23626:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight
23342:
23126:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight
23021:
16382:
16274:
15785:
15212:
15186:
14758:
14720:
14606:
14450:
14394:Israel and the Arab Coalition in 1948
13534:
13070:
12907:from the original on 17 November 2015
12868:
12571:
12340:
12284:Syracuse University Press 2003 p. 267
12018:. Yale University Press. p. 79.
11942:
11413:
11173:
10818:
10732:
10684:from the original on 27 November 2021
10610:. Luftfahrtmuseum.com. Archived from
10548:
10481:
10374:
10349:
10337:
10263:
10246:
10199:
9721:
9706:
9440:
9256:
9060:
9048:
8993:Morris 2008 p. 187; quoting p. 24 of
8584:
8539:
8198:. Yale University Press. p. 76.
8158:Rowman & Littlefield 2007 p. 165.
7315:
7271:
7237:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight
7006:
6829:causes of the 1948 Palestinian exodus
6357:Causes of the 1948 Palestinian exodus
6195:Armistice Demarcation Lines of 1949 (
6171: Area assigned for an Arab state
5640:pilot killed during a clash with the
5519:On 9 November 1948, the IDF launched
4822:
4005:
3967:a few days later, they abandoned the
3241:Arab offensive, 15 May – 10 June 1948
2394:The British Foreign Ministry and the
1946:fighters (an inferior version of the
1425:as the second and final stage of the
986:
215:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight
205:Jordanian annexation of the West Bank
26394:Bahr El-Baqar primary school bombing
26102:Soviet Union–United States relations
24453:1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China
16243:Israel–Sudan normalization agreement
15982:Israel–Syria disengagement agreement
15659:Southern Israel cross-border attacks
15571:Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel
15502:Iraqi missile attacks against Israel
13962:), (2009) Syracuse Univ Press (Sd).
13019:
12801:
12522:Sela, Avraham; Caplan, Neil (2016).
12346:
12162:from the original on 16 January 2013
11778:
11511:from the original on 19 January 2023
11343:from the original on 19 January 2023
9631:from the original on 25 January 2022
9017:
8345:from the original on 19 January 2023
7547:, Chap. III. 1 l'événement pp. 91–96
7196:colonialism and Zionism." The term '
7015:
6151:1947 UN Partition Plan for Palestine
5788:
4786:were expelled and houses destroyed.
4070:
3975:On 6 June, the 3rd battalion of the
3501:
3210:
2890:unit advance in a captured Egyptian
2320:
909:: 10,000 initially, rising to 20,000
26066:Soviet involvement in regime change
23068:Israeli Declaration of Independence
14573:Israeli operation in the Gaza Strip
14478:Wars and conflicts involving Israel
13570:, University Press of Florida, 2001
13218:Israel's Wars: A History Since 1947
12552:
12512:
12462:
11985:Ben-Gurion: Father of Modern Israel
11620:
9613:
9483:Israel's Wars: A History since 1947
9247:
8694:
8152:Greg Cashman, Leonard C. Robinson,
7888:
7571:
7469:
7440:
6451:Israeli Declaration of Independence
6102:Israeli usage of biological warfare
5709:covered them from 1,500 feet.
5704:on a reconnaissance mission in the
5218:coastal railway was also restored.
5071:, which was aimed at capturing the
5056:
5008:forces. However, it was delayed by
4617:acquire weapons from Czechoslovakia
4152:) taking place on 17 December. The
3951:halted Syrian armoured forces with
3771:
3264:1948. The armoured car is based on
3233:Israeli Declaration of Independence
2141:
1513:Israeli Declaration of Independence
1431:Israeli Declaration of Independence
175:, Sinai Peninsula, southern Lebanon
24:
26107:Soviet Union–United States summits
23581:1947 Polish parliamentary election
23466:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states
16233:Israel–UAE normalization agreement
16124:Beirut Summit and peace initiative
14977:Palestinian Popular Struggle Front
14385:The BBC on the Formation of Israel
14192:
13946:from the original on 20 March 2023
12802:Said, Edward W. (1 January 1986).
11963:from the original on 20 March 2023
11943:Tobin, Maurine and Robert (2002).
11754:"Weapons of the Arab-Israeli Wars"
11602:from the original on 20 March 2023
11563:from the original on 20 March 2023
11481:(Shlomo Ben-Ami (2006), pp. 41–42)
11269:from the original on 27 March 2022
11244:Review of Kati Marton's biography.
11061:History of the War of Independence
10753:from the original on 10 March 2012
10678:Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs
10633:Hayles, John (19 September 1999).
10608:"Virtual Aviation Museum – RWD 13"
10103:from the original on 20 March 2023
9741:. 16 February 1948. Archived from
9679:from the original on 20 March 2023
9500:from the original on 20 March 2023
9385:, Public Affairs (1998) 2002 p. 78
9333:, Public Affairs (1998) 2002 p. 75
9259:Intelligence and National Security
8788:from the original on 20 March 2023
8466:, Public Affairs (1998) 2002 p. 78
8212:from the original on 20 March 2023
7917:from the original on 20 March 2023
7847:from the original on 20 March 2023
7646:from the original on 20 March 2023
7607:from the original on 20 March 2023
7457:from the original on 31 March 2022
7253:
5371:An IDF artillery unit in the Negev
5086:
4526:First truce: 11 June – 8 July 1948
3512:The heaviest fighting occurred in
3219:First phase: 15 May – 11 June 1948
2433:before the arrival shipments from
2122:, by belligerency and expulsion".
1976:
1874:declared the establishment of the
1637:A proposed separation of Palestine
1562:road. Israel also took control of
1478:1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine
25:
26593:
26367:1948 Tel Aviv bus station bombing
26281:Multinational Force and Observers
24868:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency
24803:United States invasion of Grenada
24073:Guinea-Bissau War of Independence
24014:Expulsion of Soviets from Albania
16368:Menarsha synagogue attack (Syria)
14332:
14153:The Encyclopedia of World History
13905:The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine
13561:Encyclopedia of the Palestinians,
13555:Fischbach, Michael R. 'Land'. In
12940:Dual Allegiance: An Autobiography
12750:from the original on 4 March 2023
12385:(1995). "The Debate about 1948".
12227:supporting their right of return.
11674:. Spyflight.co.uk. Archived from
11230:from the original on 20 June 2019
11205:, vol. 16, March 1972, pp. 59–82.
10635:"Israel Air Force Aircraft Types"
9424:Collins and LaPierre, 1973 p. 355
9159:(2). Translated and annotated by
8889:The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine
8570:Gelber, p. 73; Karsh 2002, p. 25.
8552:from the original on 12 June 2019
7827:Shlamim, Avi (19 November 2007),
7764:Khalidi, Walid (1 October 1988).
7037:
6963:, the Zionist movement is one of
6943:
6888:Jewish exodus from Arab countries
5902:British World War II era trucks,
5554:On 22 December, the IDF launched
4746:
4534:
4046:
3756:In mid to late October 1948, the
2167:The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine
1897:
1578:. The territory which became the
1439:military coalition of Arab states
110:From top to bottom, left to right
26517:
26516:
26207:
26197:
24943:United States invasion of Panama
24793:1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War
24433:1971 Turkish military memorandum
24396:Communist insurgency in Thailand
24366:Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
24298:Communist insurgency in Malaysia
24125:Assassination of John F. Kennedy
24053:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation
23571:Restatement of Policy on Germany
20546:
20537:
20528:
20519:
20510:
20501:
20492:
20483:
20474:
20465:
20456:
20447:
20438:
20429:
20420:
20411:
20402:
20393:
20384:
20375:
20366:
20357:
20348:
20339:
20330:
20321:
20312:
20303:
20294:
20285:
20276:
20267:
20258:
20249:
20240:
20231:
20222:
20213:
20204:
20195:
20186:
20177:
20168:
20159:
20150:
20141:
20132:
20123:
20114:
20105:
20096:
20087:
20078:
20069:
20060:
20051:
20042:
20033:
20024:
20015:
20006:
19997:
19988:
19979:
19970:
19961:
19952:
19943:
19934:
19925:
19916:
19907:
19898:
19889:
19880:
19871:
19862:
19853:
19844:
19835:
19826:
19817:
19808:
19799:
19790:
19781:
19772:
19763:
19754:
19745:
19736:
19727:
19718:
19709:
19700:
19691:
19682:
19673:
19664:
19655:
19646:
19637:
19628:
19619:
19610:
19601:
19592:
19583:
19574:
19565:
19556:
19547:
19538:
19529:
19520:
19511:
19502:
19493:
19484:
19475:
19466:
19457:
19448:
19439:
19430:
19421:
19412:
19403:
19394:
19385:
19376:
19367:
19358:
19349:
19340:
19331:
19322:
19313:
19304:
19295:
19286:
19277:
19268:
19259:
19250:
19241:
19232:
19223:
19214:
19205:
19196:
19187:
19178:
19169:
19160:
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19142:
19133:
19124:
19115:
19106:
19097:
19088:
19079:
19070:
19061:
19052:
19043:
19034:
19025:
19016:
19007:
18998:
18989:
18980:
18971:
18962:
18953:
18944:
18935:
18926:
18917:
18908:
18899:
18890:
18881:
18872:
18863:
18854:
18845:
18836:
18827:
18818:
18809:
18800:
18791:
18782:
18773:
18764:
18755:
18746:
18737:
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18710:
18701:
18692:
18683:
18674:
18665:
18656:
18647:
18638:
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18602:
18593:
18584:
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18566:
18557:
18548:
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18512:
18503:
18494:
18485:
18476:
18467:
18458:
18449:
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18395:
18386:
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18368:
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18350:
18341:
18332:
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18251:
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18215:
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18188:
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18143:
18134:
18125:
18116:
18107:
18098:
18089:
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18071:
18062:
18053:
18044:
18035:
18026:
18017:
18008:
17999:
17990:
17981:
17972:
17963:
17954:
17945:
17936:
17927:
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17909:
17900:
17891:
17882:
17873:
17864:
17855:
17846:
17837:
17828:
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17810:
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17792:
17783:
17774:
17765:
17756:
17747:
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17729:
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17711:
17702:
17693:
17684:
17675:
17666:
17657:
17648:
17639:
17630:
17621:
17612:
17603:
17594:
17585:
17576:
17567:
17558:
17549:
17540:
17531:
17522:
17513:
17504:
17495:
17486:
17477:
17468:
17459:
17450:
17441:
17432:
17423:
17414:
17405:
17396:
17387:
17378:
17369:
17360:
17351:
17342:
17333:
17324:
17315:
17306:
17297:
17288:
17279:
17270:
17261:
17252:
17243:
17234:
17225:
17216:
17207:
17198:
17189:
17180:
17171:
17162:
17153:
17144:
17135:
17126:
17117:
17108:
17099:
17090:
17081:
17072:
17063:
17054:
17045:
17036:
17027:
17018:
17009:
17000:
16991:
16982:
16973:
16964:
16955:
16946:
16937:
16928:
16919:
16910:
16901:
16892:
16883:
16874:
16865:
16856:
16847:
16838:
16829:
16820:
16811:
16802:
16793:
16784:
16775:
16766:
16757:
16748:
16739:
16730:
16721:
16712:
16703:
16694:
16685:
16676:
16667:
16658:
16649:
16640:
16631:
16622:
16613:
16604:
16595:
16586:
16577:
16570:
16342:Oujda and Jerada riots (Morocco)
16162:Agreement on Movement and Access
14648:
14634:
14380:The BBC on the UN Partition Plan
13864:1948: The First Arab-Israeli War
12988:. World Publishing, Cleveland.
12889:
12872:Dictionary of African Filmmakers
12862:
12842:
12795:
12762:
12711:
12676:
12647:
12614:
12429:
12319:
12306:
12287:
12272:
12232:
12203:
12191:from the original on 6 June 2013
12133:from the original on 6 June 2013
12119:
12103:
12090:
12067:
11936:
11910:
11854:
11807:
11772:
11746:
11737:
11728:
11690:
11614:
11575:
11536:
11527:
11472:
11460:from the original on 24 May 2019
11419:
11375:
11358:
11285:
11192:
11179:
11148:
11115:
11092:
11065:
11053:
11044:
11031:
11003:
10994:
10909:
10860:
10848:
10723:
10714:
10705:
10666:
10657:
10626:
10600:
10573:
10542:
10521:
10487:
10439:
10392:
10380:
10305:
10296:
10287:
10278:
10157:
10131:
10026:
10017:
10008:
9999:
9990:
9969:
9960:
9951:
9942:
9903:
9894:
9885:
9861:
9807:
9798:
9757:
9727:
9691:
9652:
9623:Yaakov, Yifa (2 February 2014).
9551:
9538:
9525:
9512:
9473:
9418:
9409:
9388:
9363:
9354:
9345:
9336:
9311:
9302:
9293:
9210:
8421:Benny Morris (2003), pp. 252–254
8412:Benny Morris (2003), pp. 248–252
8385:Benny Morris (2003), pp. 242–243
7515:1948: The First Arab-Israeli War
6364:
6238:In 1949, Israel signed separate
6191:would be neither Jewish nor Arab
5421:On 15 October, the IDF launched
5288:On 24 October, the IDF launched
5273:violated the truce by attacking
4075:
3868:Northern front – Lake of Galilee
3646:
3623:
3611:
3565:
3553:
3541:
3282:declaration of the establishment
3274:civil war in Mandatory Palestine
3121:tanks, one battalion of sixteen
2928:
1922:, Yishuv agents purchased three
1863:and Abdullah I, followed by the
1437:at midnight, and the entry of a
1423:civil war in Mandatory Palestine
881:
867:
856:
845:
834:
823:
812:
801:
790:
779:
768:
757:
745:
734:
723:
712:
701:
690:
679:
664:
653:
642:
631:
620:
599:
579:
559:
545:
532:
520:
506:
492:
475:
462:
448:
431:
406:
396:
369:
359:
345:
335:
325:
311:
292:
272:
99:
90:
79:
70:
26522:Category:Egypt–Israel relations
26495:Taba Hotel & Nelson Village
26399:Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114
26312:Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency
26250:Sinai Disengagement Agreements
25663:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
25044:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
24973:Fall of the inner German border
24873:1988 Black Sea bumping incident
24523:Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
24513:Spanish transition to democracy
24473:1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency
24100:Communist insurgency in Sarawak
23606:Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948
23487:Occupation of the Baltic states
16196:Israeli–Palestinian peace talks
16190:Israeli–Palestinian peace talks
16158:Israeli disengagement from Gaza
15363:Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114
15244:Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency
15002:Syrian Social Nationalist Party
14430:. 19 April 1948. Archived from
14406:. 15 March 1948. Archived from
13812:, Cambridge Middle East Library
13793:Institute for Palestine Studies
13666:Institute for Palestine Studies
13648:Institute for Palestine Studies
13073:Jewish Political Studies Review
12923:
11203:International Studies Quarterly
11189:, 1948 (Macmillan, 1989) p. 194
10923:from the original on 9 May 2008
10790:Gelber, 2004 ; Kinneret, p. 220
10313:"1948: The War of Independence"
10042:Benny Morris (1 October 2008).
9133:
9124:
9115:
9102:
9075:
9066:
9008:
8999:
8987:
8965:
8949:
8912:
8903:
8894:
8881:
8858:
8825:
8812:
8761:
8723:
8685:
8676:
8667:
8650:
8622:. Simon and Schuster. pp.
8604:
8564:
8533:
8508:
8478:
8453:
8406:
8403:Henry Laurens (2005), pp. 85–86
8397:
8370:
8361:
8305:
8176:
8161:
8146:
8124:
8111:
8056:
7983:
7974:
7961:
7932:
7882:
7863:
7820:
7807:
7757:
7748:
7550:
7378:
7369:
7214:wrote a six volume work titled
6967:, and the Israelis are seen as
6730:Palestinian genocide accusation
6112:Research by Israeli historians
5908:Marmon-Herrington Armoured Cars
5252:An Israeli mortar team outside
4281:or mercenaries, including many
4104:check for citation inaccuracies
1885:
1643:United Nations General Assembly
1597:, in what they refer to as the
221:Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency
26444:2011 attack on Israeli Embassy
26230:Ambassadors of Israel to Egypt
26225:Ambassadors of Egypt to Israel
24443:Four Power Agreement on Berlin
24078:Mozambican War of Independence
23517:Indonesian National Revolution
23204:Expulsion from Lydda and Ramle
15835:McMahon–Hussein Correspondence
15651:Palestinian militancy campaign
14112:(pp. 79–103). Cambridge:
14068:. Ed. Avraham Sela. New York:
13779:W.W. Norton & Company 2010
13125:University of California Press
12654:Gelber, Yoav (23 April 2010).
12572:Pappé, Ilan (1 October 2009).
11820:The American Historical Review
11000:Gelber, 2006; Kinneret, p. 226
10555:. Military Book Club. p.
10434:synagogue shook Jewish morale.
8540:Kamin, Debra (15 April 2013).
7494:
7485:
7434:
7422:
7402:
7393:
6468:Expulsion from Lydda and Ramle
6094:PIAT anti-tank infantry weapon
4900:captured by Israeli forces in
4779:Operation Death to the Invader
4757:Operation Death to the Invader
4372:At the outset of the war, the
4349:
4342:bombers flying to Israel from
3751:US Consul-General in Jerusalem
3479:initiative shifted to Israel.
3276:became a war between separate
3203:and returned to Saudi Arabia.
2984:
2258:King Abdullah I of Transjordan
2214:refugees coming from Palestine
2081:
1576:annexing it the following year
1482:Jewish insurgency in Palestine
934:: 800–1,200 (Egyptian command)
13:
1:
26041:CIA and the Cultural Cold War
25056:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia
25009:Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident
24731:1984 Summer Olympics boycotts
24696:Seven Days to the River Rhine
24428:Corrective Revolution (Egypt)
23715:March 1949 Syrian coup d'état
23643:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état
15923:American trusteeship proposal
14992:Popular Resistance Committees
14340:About the War of Independence
14255:Penkower, Monty Noam (2002).
13660:Khalidi, Walid (ed.) (1992).
13605:(pp. 12–36). Cambridge:
13422:Associated University Presses
13037:Arab-Israeli Air Wars 1947–82
11907:L. Carl Brown (2013), p. 126.
11879:10.1080/00263206.2022.2122448
11426:Hussein, Hussein Abu (2003).
11050:Herzog and Gazit, 2005, p. 86
9649:Arnold Krammer (1974), p. 103
9271:10.1080/02684527.2019.1616389
9088:. Columbia University Press.
9005:Rogan and Shlaim 2007 p. 110.
8475:Leonard Slater (1970), p. 100
8248:Yoav Gelber (2006), pp. 51–56
8173:Palgrave/Macmillan 2011 p. 57
7415:
7357:List of wars involving Israel
6316:Palestinian casualties of war
6305:
5573:, and advanced north towards
5140:would be a free airport. All
5023:were to break through at the
4884:Israeli armoured vehicles in
3955:, hand grenades and a single
3892:Battles of the Kinarot Valley
3341:French consulate in Jerusalem
3339:Intelligence provided by the
3148:modified into crude bombers.
2193:Clause 10 of the 15 May 1948
1842:British Mandate for Palestine
1791:exodus of the Arab population
1612:
1570:and what became known as the
1554:, and a wide strip along the
1460:and the 1920 creation of the
119:, commander of the Jordanian
25034:Fall of communism in Albania
25004:Mongolian Revolution of 1990
24953:Polish Round Table Agreement
24293:1968 Polish political crisis
24110:Eritrean War of Independence
23876:Hungarian Revolution of 1956
23771:East German uprising of 1953
23703:Chinese Communist Revolution
23368:
23314:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
14663:Saudi–Yemeni border skirmish
14225:Introduction to Geopolitics,
13294:El-Nawawy, Mohammed (2002),
13091:
12986:The Secret Battle for Israel
12875:. Indiana University Press.
12808:Journal of Palestine Studies
12578:Journal of Palestine Studies
11112:, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 80–98.
11109:Journal of Palestine Studies
10749:. Jewishvirtuallibrary.org.
10702:David Bercuson (1984), p. 74
10465:Netanel Lorch (1961), p. 192
10175:Journal of Palestine Studies
9891:Rogan and Shlaim 2001, p. 8.
9317:Benny Morris (2003), p. 189.
9152:Journal of Palestine Studies
8900:Pappé, 2006, pp. xii, 86–126
8450:Leonard Slater (1970), p. 31
8302:Arnold Krammer (1974), p. 89
7980:Rogan and Shlaim 2007 p. 99.
7938:Benny Morris (2008), p. 401.
7841:10.1017/cbo9781139167413.014
7770:Journal of Palestine Studies
7672:Journal of Palestine Studies
7556:Benny Morris (2008), p. 419.
6984:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
6863:live outside Israel and the
6819:This number did not include
6808:British Mandate of Palestine
6509:Palestinian return to Israel
6127:
5488:naval battle also took place
5016:without Haganah assistance.
4971:
4674:was overseen by UN mediator
4209:Tel Aviv Central Bus Station
3332:and other UN member states.
3328:, it found support from the
3290:British Mandate of Palestine
3013:Military Zone of operations
2844:Israeli 8th Armoured Brigade
2283:Church of the Holy Sepulchre
2076:British mandate in Palestine
1497:Special International Regime
1462:British Mandate of Palestine
173:British Mandate of Palestine
129:Jewish soldiers raising the
7:
24908:Korean Air Lines Flight 007
24636:Korean Air Lines Flight 902
24381:Corrective Movement (Syria)
24345:New People's Army rebellion
24340:Sino-Soviet border conflict
24068:Angolan War of Independence
23931:Second Taiwan Strait Crisis
23811:1954 Guatemalan coup d'état
23456:Jamaican political conflict
23330:The Holocaust and the Nakba
23163:Palestinian right of return
15520:Palestinian suicide attacks
13330:Geddes, Charles L. (1991).
12718:Khalidi, Rashid R. (1988).
11918:"Legal Status in Palestine"
10190:Yoav Gelber (2006), p. 130.
10083:Tucker, Spencer C. (2008).
9966:Morris, 2008, pp. 322, 326.
9825:Pollack, 2002, pp. 149–155.
9575:. Onwar.com. Archived from
8758:, vol. 3, Fayard 2007 p. 70
8394:Benny Morris (2003), p. 242
8293:Henry Laurens (2005), p. 83
8266:Benny Morris (2003), p. 163
8239:Benny Morris (2003), p. 101
7722:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 61.
7583:Micheal Clodfelter (2017).
7340:
7321:In 1948, the Egyptian film
7131:Israeli Ministry of Defense
6874:remain major issues in the
6872:Palestinian right of return
6296:Mixed Armistice Commissions
5956:15 cm sIG33 auf Pz IIs
5801:. It called to establish a
5330:Haifa Oil Refinery massacre
4637:burning near Tel Aviv beach
4346:bombed Egypt on their way.
4340:Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress
3991:and withdrawing on 8 July.
3936:and occupied the abandoned
3864:by an Iraqi counterattack.
2413:had no heavy machine guns,
2012:
1924:Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress
1595:Palestinian refugee problem
1550:, the east coast as far as
1499:encompassing the cities of
1189:Central and Jerusalem front
160:15 May 1948 – 10 March 1949
10:
26598:
26485:Palestinian autonomy talks
25104:Sino-Indian border dispute
24933:First Nagorno-Karabakh War
24863:1987–1989 JVP insurrection
24621:1976 Argentine coup d'état
24533:Turkish invasion of Cyprus
24483:1973 Uruguayan coup d'état
24167:1964 Brazilian coup d'état
24135:Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964
23824:First Taiwan Strait Crisis
23591:Asian Relations Conference
16561:
16352:Tripolitania riots (Libya)
16096:Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum
16084:Beilin–Abu Mazen agreement
16078:Israel–Jordan peace treaty
16010:Palestinian autonomy talks
14179:Cambridge University Press
14114:Cambridge University Press
14064:. "Abdallah Ibn Hussein."
13849:Cambridge University Press
13607:Cambridge University Press
12590:10.1525/jps.2010.XXXIX.1.6
12100:, Supplement, p. 10 (1946)
11814:Ovendale, Ritchie (1997).
10983:. New York. 1976. p. 330.
10711:Morris, 2001, pp. 217–218.
9665:. Routledge. p. 212.
9231:Cambridge University Press
9072:Morris (2008), pp. 190–192
8930:Yoav Gelber, 2006, p. 137.
8673:Benny Morris (2004), p. 16
8490:American Public Television
8284:Benny Morris (2003), p. 67
8230:Efraïm Karsh (2002), p. 30
8108:Morris, 2001, pp. 259–260.
7895:. Routledge. p. 163.
7716:Adam M. Garfinkle (2000).
7041:
6885:
6350:
6319:
6309:
6149:Boundaries defined in the
6136:
6105:
5980:120 mm French mortars
5809:
5803:UN Conciliation Commission
5581:. Israeli forces attacked
5386:
5241:
5178:
5166:On 22 September 1948, the
5136:would be a free port, and
5098:
5060:
5019:Irgun forces commanded by
4975:
4953:
4869:
4863:were also to be captured.
4808:
4788:
4750:
4376:consisted of three former
4192:(REAF) Spitfires attacked
3889:
3775:
3668:
3505:
3453:
3222:
2996:Transjordan Frontier Force
2352:
2281:King Abdullah outside the
2007:Israel Military Industries
1989:, 16,000 submachine guns (
1804:allies through defection.
1759:, was devised to lift the
1622:
1616:
471:(after 22 September 1948)
469:All-Palestine Protectorate
29:
26513:
26467:
26359:
26299:
26271:Egypt–Israel peace treaty
26246:1949 Armistice Agreements
26238:
26217:
26140:
26089:
26011:
25988:William Appleman Williams
25933:Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.
25715:
25687:
25636:
25568:
25561:
25495:
25360:
25285:
25215:
25208:
25117:
25064:
24996:
24709:
24448:Bangladesh Liberation War
24438:1971 Sudanese coup d'état
24353:
24325:1969 Sudanese coup d'état
24313:1968 Peruvian coup d'état
23976:
23751:Arab Cold War (1952–1979)
23728:
23438:
23376:
23327:
23296:
23280:
23212:
23186:
23101:
23055:
23047:
22899:
22745:
22287:
21920:
21887:
21645:
21600:
21455:
21356:
21046:
20792:
20759:
20564:
16420:
16360:
16334:
16308:
16210:
16053:
16006:Egypt–Israel peace treaty
15931:
15863:Faisal–Weizmann agreement
15820:
15781:
15554:
15417:
15262:
15220:
15182:
15157:
15136:
15080:
15010:
14897:al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades
14879:
14872:
14802:
14754:
14658:
14484:
13688:Krammer, Arnold. (1974).
13465:Weidenfeld & Nicolson
13386:Kinneret Zmora-Bitan Dvir
13382:Independence Versus Nakba
13259:Weidenfeld & Nicolson
12930:Works by involved parties
12901:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
12689:. Oneworld Publications.
12399:10.1017/S0020743800062097
12316:, Owl Books, 1986, p. 96.
12096:Government of Palestine,
11791:10.1007/978-1-349-13696-4
11432:. Zed Books. p. 85.
10906:Dov Joseph (1960), p. 239
10549:Dupuy, Trevor N. (2002).
10527:Morris, 2008, pp. 253–254
10518:Pollack 2002, pp. 448–457
10398:Morris, 2008, pp. 229–230
10214:10.1080/00263200903432258
10089:. ABC-CLIO. p. 528.
9900:Pollack, 2002, pp. 15–27.
9835:Pollack, Kenneth (2002).
9783:, 2003, pp. 241, 247–255.
9557:Morris, 2008: pp. 176–177
9486:. Routledge. p. 24.
9455:10.1080/00263200903432258
9342:Morris (2003), pp. 32–33.
8845:Stanford University Press
8809:Morris, 2008, pp. 397–98.
8182:Ilan Pappé (2000), p. 111
8167:Benjamin Grob-Fitzgibbon,
8076:Syracuse University Press
7870:Book: What Happened Where
7754:Morris 2008, pp. 404–406.
7684:10.1525/jps.2005.34.2.024
7632:. ABC-CLIO. p. 662.
7181:, as well as the journal
6948:Since the war, different
6844:Palestinian refugee camps
6489:1948 expulsion and flight
6312:Israeli casualties of war
6139:1949 Armistice Agreements
6133:1949 Armistice Agreements
5628:Anglo-Israeli air clashes
5471:area, and preventing the
5461:1949 Armistice Agreements
5168:Provisional State Council
4811:Battle of Be'erot Yitzhak
4510:and pumping station near
2377:Initial line-up of forces
2106:
2031:Great Uprising of 1936–39
1653:quickly escalated into a
1641:On 29 November 1947, the
1447:1949 Armistice Agreements
1024:
958:
892:
613:
484:(after 22 September 1948)
263:
152:
64:
52:
47:
26454:2023 Alexandria shooting
24763:1980 Turkish coup d'état
24598:Cambodian–Vietnamese War
24568:1978 Somali coup attempt
24528:Second Iraqi–Kurdish War
24493:1973 Chilean coup d'état
24318:Revolutionary Government
24212:South African Border War
24004:1960 Turkish coup d'état
23921:Iraqi 14 July Revolution
23776:1953 Iranian coup d'état
23756:1952 Egyptian revolution
23281:Related categories/lists
21011:al-Sawafir al-Shamaliyya
16045:Israel–Lebanon agreement
15857:Anglo-French Declaration
15853:Declaration to the Seven
15426:Misgav Am hostage crisis
14424:"War for Jerusalem Road"
14243:Harvard University Press
14158:Houghton Mifflin Company
14126:Slater, Leonard (1970).
14009:. Universal Publishers.
13924:Pollack, Kenneth Michael
13733:Levenberg, Haim (1993).
13619:Khalidi, Rashid (2006).
13575:Israeli Units Since 1948
13137:Bercuson, David (1983).
12683:Khalidi, Rashid (2006).
12436:Khalidi, Rashid (2020).
12314:1949. The First Israelis
10845:Morris, 2008, pp. 269–71
10208:(1). Routledge: 21, 32.
9381:22 December 2022 at the
8960:La Question de Palestine
8840:22 December 2022 at the
8756:La Question de Palestine
8735:La Question de Palestine
7875:22 December 2022 at the
7626:Tucker, Spencer (2010).
7500:Gelber, pp. 55, 200, 239
7362:
7330:A 2015 PBS documentary,
7281:The American journalist
6705:March of Return (Israel)
6346:
6259:in the north, the whole
6187:with the intention that
6108:Operation Cast Thy Bread
6082:Thompson submachine guns
5653:Royal Egyptian Air Force
5502:. The same day, the IDF
5335:
5292:and captured the entire
5238:Northern front – Galilee
5083:was captured by Israel.
4956:Battles of Latrun (1948)
4927:, and from the east via
4245:An Israeli Spitfire F Mk
4190:Royal Egyptian Air Force
3508:Battles of Latrun (1948)
3187:in October, and faced a
3038:Sam Sidney Arthur Cooke
2970:(known as Glubb Pasha).
2362:All-Palestine Government
2355:All-Palestine Government
1777:irregular fighters from
1723:decision to support the
1464:, and in the context of
26259:Sinai Interim Agreement
24968:Fall of the Berlin Wall
24913:People Power Revolution
24898:Central American crisis
24838:1986 Black Sea incident
24488:1973 Afghan coup d'état
24386:Western Sahara conflict
24197:1966 Syrian coup d'état
24120:1963 Syrian coup d'état
24063:Portuguese Colonial War
24026:First Iraqi–Kurdish War
23791:1954 Syrian coup d'état
23668:Annexation of Hyderabad
23611:1947–1949 Palestine war
23153:Palestine refugee camps
23109:1947–1949 Palestine war
21018:al-Sawafir al-Sharqiyya
21006:al-Sawafir al-Gharbiyya
15737:Israel–Palestine crisis
15588:Bringing Home the Goods
14927:Guardians of the Cedars
14585:Israel–Palestine crisis
14308:Sicker, Martin (1999).
14296:Oxford University Press
14211:Oxford University Press
14084:Oxford University Press
14072:, 2002. pp. 13–14.
14049:Oxford University Press
13881:Oring, Elliott (1981).
13522:Commander of the Exodus
13438:27 October 2022 at the
13416:Gershoni, Haim (1989).
13103:Oxford University Press
13060:. Sarpedon Publishers.
13025:Adrian, Nathan (2004).
12984:Kagan, Benjamin (1966)
11949:. Cowley Publications.
11721:Cohen, Michael Joseph:
11543:Khalidi, Walid (1992).
11187:Bernadotte in Palestine
11100:The Middle East Journal
11059:Lorch, Netanel (1998).
11019:16 October 2015 at the
10947:3 December 2013 at the
10580:Khalidi, Walid (1992).
10500:State of Israel is Born
9480:Bregman, Ahron (2002).
8768:Bregman, Ahron (2010).
8050:, FRUS, 1949, p. 984.:
8031:, FRUS, 1949, p. 973.:
7989:Cragg 1997 pp. 57, 116.
7969:Defending the Holy Land
7591:McFarland & Company
6881:
6865:Palestinian territories
6373:Part of a series on the
6353:1948 Palestinian exodus
5751:Israeli Prime Minister
5324:, two Israeli officers
5108:On 16 September, Count
4916:contingent of 125–300.
4659:UN Palestine mediator,
4253:Israeli B-17s in flight
3920:and the settlements of
3548:Building the Burma Road
3125:, a battalion of eight
2746:4,500 inc. some Golani
1890:By September 1947, the
1674:Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni
26204:Egypt–Israel relations
25262:Neoclassical economics
24773:Gulf of Sidra incident
24330:1969 Libyan revolution
24021:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
23806:1954 Geneva Conference
23566:Turkish straits crisis
23561:Corfu Channel incident
21080:Arab Zahrat al-Dumayri
20977:al-Masmiyya al-Saghira
16347:Cairo bombings (Egypt)
16326:Manama riots (Bahrain)
16154:Sharm El Sheikh Summit
16074:Gaza–Jericho Agreement
15956:Tripartite Declaration
15579:Ain es Saheb airstrike
15460:South Lebanon conflict
14681:First Arab–Israeli War
14543:South Lebanon conflict
14531:South Lebanon conflict
14350:15 August 2002 at the
14173:Zertal, Idith (2005).
14005:Sadeh, Eligar (1997).
13861:Morris, Benny (2008),
13841:Morris, Benny (2004),
13823:Morris, Benny (2001).
13815:Morris, Benny (1994),
13418:Israel: The Way it was
13201:Transaction Publishers
13035:Aloni, Shlomo (2001).
12964:. Simon and Schuster.
12724:Arab Studies Quarterly
11982:Anita Shapira (2014).
11867:Middle Eastern Studies
11779:Ilan, Amitzur (1996).
11456:. Zionism-israel.com.
11041:Routledge 2004 p. 307.
10729:Aloni, 2001, pp. 7–11.
10202:Middle Eastern Studies
9948:Pollack, 2002, p. 150.
9919:Charles Tripp (2002).
9659:Kennedy, Greg (2007).
9610:Laurens, vol. 3 p. 69.
9533:War Diaries, 1947–1949
9443:Middle Eastern Studies
8117:Fischbach, Michael R.
7512:Morris, Benny (2008),
7491:Morris (2008), p. 260.
7191:Palestinian narratives
7109:Neo-Zionist narratives
7027:
6997:
6431:Civil war in Palestine
6235:
6023:B-17 Flying Fortresses
5904:Humber Mk III & IV
5793:In December 1948, the
5783:British Foreign Office
5644:
5565:area, and entered the
5551:
5510:the Egyptian flagship
5384:
5372:
5364:
5349:
5265:
5257:
5231:
5175:Little triangle pocket
4994:
4905:
4889:
4839:ordered the defending
4832:
4770:
4708:
4667:
4651:UN mediator Bernadotte
4638:
4441:
4432:End of the first phase
4369:
4254:
4246:
4238:
4068:
4060:
4019:
3887:
3790:
3778:Battle of Jenin (1948)
3710:King Abdullah ordered
3699:
3679:Mathematics professor
3386:
3375:
3363:Southern front – Negev
3269:
3242:
2905:fighter planes, which
2895:
2874:Israeli Armoured Corps
2865:
2847:
2637:Battle of Ramat Rachel
2298:Israeli Prime Minister
2289:
2198:
2185:Arab League as a whole
1971:Neutrality Act of 1939
1911:
1744:
1638:
1449:which established the
1441:into the territory of
1419:First Arab–Israeli War
614:Commanders and leaders
26547:1948 Arab–Israeli War
26307:1948 Arab–Israeli War
26112:Russia–NATO relations
25993:Jonathan Reed Winkler
25277:Democratic capitalism
25272:Supply-side economics
25240:American conservatism
25039:Breakup of Yugoslavia
24928:Bougainville conflict
24843:South Yemen civil war
24778:Martial law in Poland
24641:Nicaraguan Revolution
24616:Dirty War (Argentina)
24423:1971 JVP insurrection
24237:Years of Lead (Italy)
24115:North Yemen civil war
24033:Berlin Crisis of 1961
24009:Albanian–Soviet split
23941:1959 Tibetan uprising
23906:Syrian Crisis of 1957
23761:Iraqi Intifada (1952)
23621:1948 Arab–Israeli War
23309:Arab–Israeli conflict
23119:1948 Arab–Israeli War
22711:al-Zahiriyya al-Tahta
21519:al-Jammasin al-Sharqi
21512:al-Jammasin al-Gharbi
20972:al-Masmiyya al-Kabira
16202:John Kerry Parameters
15875:Churchill White Paper
15841:Sykes–Picot Agreement
15397:Coastal Road massacre
15018:Arab Higher Committee
14907:Arab Liberation Front
14850:Palestinian Authority
14748:Arab–Israeli conflict
14687:North Yemen civil war
14338:The Israeli Knesset:
14288:Richelson, Jeffrey T.
14168:The War for Palestine
14110:The War for Palestine
14000:The War for Palestine
13991:. 2nd ed. Cambridge:
13972:Rogan, Eugene L. and
13910:Oneworld Publications
13869:Yale University Press
13728:The War for Palestine
13703:Kurzman, Dan (1970).
13603:The War for Palestine
13404:Sussex Academic Press
13398:Gelber, Yoav (2006).
13380:Gelber, Yoav (2004) "
13375:Sussex Academic Press
13369:Gelber, Yoav (2004).
12299:30 March 2010 at the
12098:A Survey of Palestine
12012:Benny Morris (2009).
11491:Benny Morris (2008).
11323:Benny Morris (2008).
11160:14 April 2005 at the
11122:Benny Morris (1987).
11072:Benny Morris (2008).
10747:"History of the Navy"
10720:Morris, 2008, p. 262.
10654:Morris (2008), p. 261
10408:Benny Morris (2008).
10032:Morris, 2008, p. 269.
9697:Gelber (2006), p. 50.
9627:. Timesofisrael.com.
9360:Benny (2008), p. 174.
9351:Morris (2008), p. 81.
8975:. UN.org. 16 May 1948
8962:, Fayard, 2007 p. 32.
8822:Routledge 2013 p. 15.
8486:"A Wing and a Prayer"
8367:David Tal, pp. 89–90.
8325:Benny Morris (2008).
8315:Routledge 2004 p. 89.
8192:Benny Morris (2008).
7833:The War for Palestine
7568:Gelber (2006), p. 12.
7522:, p. 205, New Haven,
7520:Yale University Press
7441:AFP (24 April 2013).
7324:A Girl from Palestine
7105:the State of Israel.
7072:(1988), and Shlaim's
7042:Further information:
7032:nationalist narrative
7022:
6992:
6916:, over 100,000 each.
6876:Arab–Israeli conflict
6700:Great March of Return
6146:
5926:Daimler Armoured Cars
5922:White M3A1 Scout Cars
5916:Lloyd Towing Carriers
5668:De Havilland Mosquito
5635:
5549:
5387:Further information:
5378:
5370:
5355:
5343:
5263:
5251:
5242:Further information:
5229:
5144:would be granted the
5099:Further information:
5061:Further information:
4985:
4976:Further information:
4954:Further information:
4948:fled or were expelled
4895:
4883:
4870:Further information:
4830:
4809:Further information:
4789:Further information:
4764:
4751:Further information:
4689:
4658:
4633:
4439:
4357:
4252:
4244:
4236:
4202:Reading Power Station
4066:
4054:
4013:
3912:shores, and attacked
3890:Further information:
3875:
3785:
3776:Further information:
3678:
3669:Further information:
3580:The besieged Israeli
3506:Further information:
3454:Further information:
3381:
3370:
3357:Israel Defense Forces
3248:
3240:
3223:Further information:
3069:Ahmad Sudqi al-Jundi
2882:
2859:Israeli Armored Corps
2856:
2838:
2467:Israel Defense Forces
2425:Yishuv/Israeli forces
2353:Further information:
2280:
2192:
2092:Arab Higher Committee
2025:, and throughout the
1928:Curtiss C-46 Commando
1905:
1743:tank leading a convoy
1738:
1683:To counter this, the
1636:
1623:Further information:
1415:1948 Arab–Israeli War
1016:1948 Arab–Israeli War
959:Casualties and losses
402:Israel Defense Forces
236:Establishment of the
189:Establishment of the
133:at the end of the war
59:Arab–Israeli conflict
48:1948 Arab–Israeli War
18:1948 Arab–Israeli war
26582:Wars of independence
26449:2023 border shooting
25533:Non-Aligned Movement
25155:Peaceful coexistence
25109:North Borneo dispute
25024:German reunification
25019:Min Ping Yu No. 5202
24717:Salvadoran Civil War
24666:Grand Mosque seizure
24661:Yemenite War of 1979
24553:Mozambican Civil War
24508:Carnation Revolution
24463:Yemenite War of 1972
24401:1970 Polish protests
24232:1967 Hong Kong riots
24207:Argentine Revolution
24157:Guatemalan Civil War
24085:Cuban Missile Crisis
23999:Bay of Pigs Invasion
23871:1956 Poznań protests
23849:Geneva Summit (1955)
23451:Hukbalahap Rebellion
23430:Non-Aligned Movement
23319:Gaza–Israel conflict
23199:Deir Yassin massacre
21152:al-Ghubayya al-Tahta
21145:al-Ghubayya al-Fawqa
16316:Aleppo riots (Syria)
16184:Annapolis Conference
16178:UNSC Resolution 1701
16168:UNSC Resolution 1850
16150:UNSC Resolution 1583
16144:UNSC Resolution 1566
16140:UNSC Resolution 1559
16090:Wye River Memorandum
15946:Armistice agreements
15703:Gaza border protests
15625:Gaza–Israel conflict
15337:Lod Airport massacre
15170:United Arab Republic
15113:United Arab Emirates
15023:Arab Liberation Army
14705:Yemenite War of 1979
14693:Yemenite War of 1972
14434:on 30 September 2007
14024:A History of Israel,
13709:New American Library
13005:. New York, London:
12269:Sachar, pp. 395–403.
12246:on 30 September 2007
12156:"Palestine refugees"
12043:Zaki Shalom (2002).
11218:(22 February 1995).
10663:Morris, 2008, p. 235
10641:on 22 February 2007.
10455:Mordechai Weingarten
10293:Morris, 2008, p. 239
10237:Morris, 2008, p. 263
9975:Uthman Hasan Salih.
9449:(1). Routledge: 22.
9415:Morris, 2008, p. 401
9406:Morris, 2003, p. 35.
9308:Shlaim, 2001, p. 99.
9299:Shlaim, 2001, p. 97.
9130:Tripp, 2001, p. 137.
9014:Morris, 2008, p. 310
8946:Gelber (2006), p. 11
8871:24 June 2021 at the
8682:Gelber (2006), p. 73
8441:Morris, 2003, p. 16.
8046:12 July 2019 at the
8027:12 July 2019 at the
7998:Benny Morris, 2004.
7288:From Time Immemorial
7277:In the United States
7001:Palestinian refugees
6840:Palestinian refugees
6497:Palestinian refugees
6441:Deir Yassin massacre
6388:Precipitating events
6342:Demographic outcomes
5734:No. 213 Squadron RAF
5702:No. 208 Squadron RAF
5674:was shot down by an
5592:On 28 December, the
5413:Battles of the Sinai
5271:Arab Liberation Army
5142:Palestinian refugees
5067:The second plan was
5033:Beit Horon Battalion
4987:Beit Horon Battalion
4540:Israeli Forces 1948
4424:area all the way to
4016:Arab Liberation Army
3989:Arab Liberation Army
3786:Israeli soldiers in
3671:Battle for Jerusalem
3665:Battle for Jerusalem
3382:Israeli soldiers in
3371:Israeli soldiers in
2975:Arab Liberation Army
2903:Supermarine Spitfire
2787:After the invasion:
2382:Military assessments
2287:Battle for Jerusalem
2102:Political objectives
1948:Messerschmitt Bf 109
1865:Kfar Etzion massacre
1747:Ben-Gurion invested
1678:Army of the Holy War
1662:Arab Liberation Army
1655:full-scale civil war
1546:, some parts of the
1509:series of offensives
1474:tension and conflict
1433:on 14 May 1948, the
1417:, also known as the
1077:Death to the Invader
942:Arab Liberation Army
901:: 29,677 (initially)
863:Haj Amin al-Husseini
586:Arab Liberation Army
242:Jordanian annexation
26577:Invasions of Israel
26429:2009 Hezbollah plot
25978:Alex von Tunzelmann
25968:Vladimir Tismăneanu
25893:Thomas J. McCormick
25888:Jack F. Matlock Jr.
25788:Robert Hugh Ferrell
25651:Crusade for Freedom
25448:Illiberal democracy
25332:Ho Chi Minh Thought
25135:Eisenhower Doctrine
24988:Peaceful Revolution
24983:Romanian Revolution
24963:Revolutions of 1989
24948:1988 Polish strikes
24858:Operation INFEKTION
24853:1987 Lieyu massacre
24758:Eritrean Civil Wars
24741:Peruvian Revolution
24691:1979 Herat uprising
24681:Sino-Vietnamese War
24646:Uganda–Tanzania War
24626:Egyptian–Libyan War
24593:Third Indochina War
24588:Sino-Albanian split
24578:Ethiopian Civil War
24478:Eritrean Civil Wars
24418:Ping-pong diplomacy
24391:Cambodian Civil War
24217:Korean DMZ Conflict
24202:Cultural Revolution
24172:Dominican Civil War
24150:Tlatelolco massacre
23936:1959 Mosul uprising
23926:1958 Lebanon crisis
23653:Al-Wathbah uprising
23576:First Indochina War
23546:Iran crisis of 1946
23158:Palestinian refugee
23114:1947–1948 civil war
23093:1947 partition plan
23063:Mandatory Palestine
21505:Ijlil al-Shamaliyya
20824:al-Batani al-Sharqi
20819:al-Batani al-Gharbi
16027:UNSC Resolution 497
16021:UNSC Resolution 478
16015:UNSC Resolution 452
16002:UNSC Resolution 446
15992:UNSC Resolution 425
15986:UNSC Resolution 350
15976:UNSC Resolution 339
15972:UNSC Resolution 338
15962:Khartoum Resolution
15950:Lausanne Conference
15899:Morrison–Grady Plan
15869:San Remo conference
15847:Balfour Declaration
15719:Gaza–Israel clashes
15711:Gaza–Israel clashes
15486:Mothers' Bus attack
15063:Revolutionary Cells
14495:Reprisal operations
14374:Library of Congress
14170:. pp. 125–150.
13912:, Oxford, England,
13276:Lapierre, Dominique
13249:Van Creveld, Martin
13007:G. P. Putnam's Sons
12869:Armes, Roy (2008).
12083:, published by the
12079:20 May 2014 at the
11712:Aloni, 2001, p. 22.
11696:Aloni, 2001, p. 18.
11533:Morris 2008, p. 404
11381:Gelber, 2006, p. 33
11257:(2 November 1991).
10776:Gershoni, pp. 46–47
10145:on 12 December 2013
9518:Morgan, Michael L.:
9141:Nasser, Gamal Abdel
9082:Avi Shlaim (1988).
8995:Kirkbride's memoirs
8140:24 May 2012 at the
7889:Tal, David (2004).
7745:Laurens 2007 p. 194
7333:A Wing and a Prayer
7202:Constantin Zureiq's
7170:, Alon Kadish, and
7080:or "post-Zionists."
6965:settler colonialism
6921:Mossad LeAliyah Bet
6408:1947 partition plan
6403:Mandatory Palestine
5938:IHC M14 Half-tracks
5795:UN General Assembly
5672:No. 13 Squadron RAF
5661:Ramat David Airbase
5594:Alexandroni Brigade
5035:was to strike from
4727:renewed the war by
4541:
4403:Royal Canadian Navy
4025:Alexandroni Brigade
3850:Alexandroni Brigade
3075:Support: Ramallah,
2625:Battle of Jerusalem
1458:Balfour Declaration
1443:Mandatory Palestine
1109:Separation Corridor
841:Muzahim al-Pachachi
420:Foreign volunteers:
305:Paramilitary groups
250:Egyptian occupation
211:Palestinian defeat
26505:Yaakov Abuhatzeira
26434:Ilan Grapel affair
26409:Ein Netafim ambush
26404:Ras Burqa massacre
26389:Operation Damocles
26266:Camp David Accords
26132:Russian Revolution
25928:Mary Elise Sarotte
25913:William B. Pickett
25838:Patrick J. Hearden
25818:Gabriel Gorodetsky
25813:Timothy Garton Ash
25798:Anneli Ute Gabanyi
25393:Ethnic nationalism
25145:Hallstein Doctrine
25029:Yemeni unification
24818:1985 Geneva Summit
24783:Casamance conflict
24686:New Jewel Movement
24671:Iranian Revolution
24656:Chadian–Libyan War
24603:Cambodian conflict
24583:Lebanese Civil War
24573:Western Sahara War
24548:June 1976 protests
24543:Cambodian genocide
24308:17 July Revolution
24262:Nigerian Civil War
24177:Rhodesian Bush War
24162:Colombian conflict
24105:Ramadan Revolution
23844:Bandung Conference
23720:Operation Valuable
23601:Partition of India
23173:Transfer Committee
22886:al-Wa'ra al-Sawda'
22769:Ghuwayr Abu Shusha
22661:al-Shawka al-Tahta
22217:Sarafand al-Kharab
21587:al-Shaykh Muwannis
16172:Quartet Principles
16106:Clinton Parameters
15996:Camp David Accords
15379:Savoy Hotel attack
15229:1948 Palestine war
15068:South Lebanon Army
14957:Muslim Brotherhood
14561:Second Lebanon War
14160:, at Bartleby.com.
14132:Simon and Schuster
14002:. pp. 104–124
13765:Lockman, Zachary.
13685:Princeton UP 2011.
13595:. SUNY Press, 1991
13573:Katz, Sam (1988).
13486:Regnery Publishing
12849:Finkelstein, N. G.
11924:on 3 November 2007
11263:The New York Times
11224:The New York Times
11155:Map of the Attacks
10495:The Palestine Post
10319:on 3 December 2016
9745:on 1 February 2011
9531:Ben Gurion, David
9394:Morris 2008 p. 185
9370:Martin Van Creveld
9327:Martin Van Creveld
9121:Zamir, 2010, p. 34
9026:Sela, 2002, p. 14.
8918:Morris 2008 p. 119
8909:Gelber 2006 p. 306
8711:on 16 October 2015
8496:on 11 October 2016
8460:Martin Van Creveld
7447:Al Arabiya English
7316:In popular culture
7272:Western narratives
7007:Israeli narratives
6842:, were settled in
6673:Symbols and memory
6473:Transfer Committee
6422:1948 Palestine war
6247:as it stood after
6236:
6086:Lee–Enfield rifles
6078:MG-34 Machine guns
6041:Lee–Enfield rifles
5930:Universal Carriers
5912:Universal Carriers
5738:No. 6 Squadron RAF
5645:
5552:
5527:in the village of
5504:captured Beersheba
5484:Jerusalem Corridor
5455:In the so-called "
5385:
5373:
5365:
5350:
5266:
5258:
5232:
4995:
4993:in Jerusalem, 1948
4906:
4890:
4833:
4823:Lydda and al-Ramla
4771:
4668:
4639:
4539:
4520:Muslim Brotherhood
4442:
4370:
4279:foreign volunteers
4255:
4247:
4239:
4069:
4061:
4020:
4006:Palestinian forces
3902:Shukri al-Quwwatli
3888:
3791:
3766:Jerusalem Corridor
3718:with sniper fire.
3702:The Jordanians in
3700:
3490:, located between
3484:Battle of Nitzanim
3482:On 6 June, in the
3387:
3376:
3270:
3243:
3134:Egyptian Air Force
3111:Ahmed Ali al-Mwawi
3004:Military Division
2896:
2866:
2848:
2447:Dominique Lapierre
2400:Martin Van Creveld
2332:Gamal Abdel Nasser
2310:Tawfik Abu al-Huda
2290:
2199:
2062:, 3,000 men under
1912:
1880:1948 Palestine war
1761:siege of Jerusalem
1757:Operation Nachshon
1745:
1639:
1619:1948 Palestine war
1507:. At the end of a
1427:1948 Palestine war
1394:Biological warfare
1219:Jerusalem Old City
974:Palestinian Arabs:
971:3,700–7,000 killed
786:Ahmed Ali al-Mwawi
287:Before 26 May 1948
55:1948 Palestine war
32:1948 Palestine war
26567:Conflicts in 1948
26529:
26528:
26163:
26162:
26150:List of conflicts
25998:Rudolph Winnacker
25943:Giles Scott-Smith
25918:Ronald E. Powaski
25873:Melvyn P. Leffler
25803:John Lewis Gaddis
25778:Robert D. English
25743:Warren H. Carroll
25733:Michael Beschloss
25702:Nuclear arms race
25683:
25682:
25589:Neues Deutschland
25491:
25490:
25473:White nationalism
25443:Liberal democracy
25180:Ulbricht Doctrine
25170:Brezhnev Doctrine
24978:Velvet Revolution
24722:Soviet–Afghan War
24538:Angolan Civil War
24335:Goulash Communism
24192:ASEAN Declaration
24145:Mexican Dirty War
24043:Annexation of Goa
23994:1960 U-2 incident
23968:Sino-Soviet split
23946:Laotian Civil War
23786:Bricker Amendment
23766:Mau Mau rebellion
23710:Malayan Emergency
23698:Chinese Civil War
23658:Tito–Stalin split
23512:Division of Korea
23336:
23335:
23297:Related templates
23015:
23014:
22737:al-Zuq al-Tahtani
22730:al-Zuq al-Fawqani
22538:Mansurat al-Khayt
22499:Kirad al-Ghannama
22324:Arab al-Shamalina
21500:Ijlil al-Qibliyya
21336:Wa'arat al-Sarris
21131:Daliyat al-Rawha'
20908:Iraq al-Manshiyya
16376:
16375:
16321:Aden riots (Aden)
16268:
16267:
16264:
16263:
16134:Geneva Initiative
16102:Camp David Summit
16062:Madrid Conference
16039:Reagan peace plan
16012:
15917:UN Partition Plan
15911:London Conference
15893:London Conference
15829:Damascus Protocol
15777:
15776:
15678:Pillar of Defense
15329:Sabena Flight 571
15295:Battle of Karameh
15214:Armed engagements
15178:
15177:
15076:
15075:
15048:Japanese Red Army
14803:Primary countries
14714:
14713:
14600:
14599:
14537:First Lebanon War
14400:"I Have Returned"
14366:Stephen R. Shalom
14326:978-0-275-96639-3
14304:978-0-19-511390-7
14283:978-0-345-46192-6
14269:978-0-7146-5268-9
14251:978-0-674-00541-9
14219:978-0-19-820564-7
14187:978-0-521-85096-4
14145:Stearns, Peter N.
14122:978-0-521-79476-3
14092:978-0-19-506104-8
14057:978-0-19-829643-0
14036:978-0-679-76563-9
14020:Sachar, Howard M.
14015:978-0-9658564-6-1
13968:978-0-8156-3230-6
13939:978-0-8032-0686-1
13918:978-1-85168-467-0
13895:978-0-87395-512-6
13877:978-0-300-12696-9
13857:978-0-521-81120-0
13851:, Cambridge, UK,
13837:978-0-679-74475-7
13801:978-0-88728-235-5
13761:978-0-304-33765-1
13747:978-0-7146-3439-5
13698:978-0-252-00396-7
13674:978-0-88728-224-9
13656:978-0-88728-155-6
13633:978-0-8070-0309-1
13615:978-0-521-79476-3
13587:978-0-85045-837-4
13579:Osprey Publishing
13549:978-1-84176-372-9
13530:978-0-8021-3808-8
13513:978-0-7146-4843-9
13494:978-1-59698-029-7
13473:978-0-297-77241-5
13453:978-0-552-99545-0
13433:Israel: A History
13412:978-1-84519-075-0
13394:978-965-517-190-7
13365:978-0-7146-4675-6
13344:978-0-275-93858-1
13312:978-1-56750-544-3
13290:978-0-330-23514-3
13267:978-0-297-84669-7
13244:978-0-304-70075-2
13230:978-0-415-28716-6
13209:978-1-56000-870-5
13193:Bowyer Bell, John
13188:978-0-8021-3286-4
13174:Black, Ian (1992)
13169:978-0-07-471217-7
13151:978-0-8128-2984-6
13133:978-0-520-23422-2
13117:Benvenisti, Meron
13111:978-0-19-518158-6
13066:978-1-86227-423-5
13049:978-1-84176-294-4
13041:Osprey Publishing
13020:Secondary sources
12948:978-0-7705-1429-7
12882:978-0-253-35116-6
12780:978-0-511-37135-6
12696:978-1-78074-808-5
12669:978-0-472-02652-4
12632:978-0-511-37135-6
12537:978-0-253-02341-4
12497:978-0-253-02341-4
12447:978-1-62779-855-6
12325:Devorah Hakohen,
12294:Displaced Persons
12278:Devorah Hakohen,
12221:978-0-8061-3393-5
12056:978-1-902210-21-6
12025:978-0-300-12281-7
11995:978-0-300-18273-6
11956:978-1-56101-214-5
11800:978-1-349-13698-8
11760:on 9 January 2009
11723:Truman and Israel
11640:978-0-385-24597-5
11621:Dan, Uri (1988).
11595:978-965-7141-10-6
11556:978-0-88728-224-9
11504:978-0-300-12696-9
11454:"Operation Hiram"
11439:978-1-84277-122-8
11370:978-0-8122-4028-3
11336:978-0-300-12696-9
11141:978-0-521-33889-9
11104:The fall of Lydda
11085:978-0-300-14524-3
10989:978-0-394-48564-5
10979:Alfred A. Knopf.
10917:"The First Truce"
10893:978-1-57500-057-2
10593:978-0-88728-224-9
10566:978-0-9654428-0-0
10539:Tal, 2004, p. 251
10451:978-0-300-12696-9
10421:978-0-300-14524-3
10284:Tal, 2004, p. 179
10096:978-1-85109-841-5
10055:978-0-300-14524-3
9932:978-0-521-52900-6
9922:A History of Iraq
9846:978-0-8032-3733-9
9763:Ma'an Abu Nawar,
9672:978-1-134-25246-6
9493:978-0-415-28716-6
9240:978-0-521-81120-0
9095:978-0-231-07365-3
8853:978-1-503-61465-9
8781:978-0-415-42438-7
8662:978-0-304-33765-1
8338:978-0-300-12696-9
8205:978-0-300-14524-3
8085:978-0-8156-2969-6
8010:978-0-521-00967-6
7902:978-0-415-76137-6
7729:978-0-7656-0514-6
7639:978-1-85109-948-1
7600:978-0-7864-7470-7
7528:978-0-300-12696-9
7265:Arab nationalists
7129:published by the
7016:Zionist narrative
6950:historiographical
6894:settled in Israel
6800:
6799:
6660:Constantin Zureiq
6526:UN Resolution 194
6099:
6098:
6090:Molotov cocktails
6006:Hawker Hurricanes
5789:UN Resolution 194
5676:Israeli Air Force
5642:Israeli Air Force
5636:The funeral of a
5500:Israeli Air Force
4608:
4607:
4545:Initial strength
4491:). Another city,
4295:Israeli Air Force
4167:Israeli Air Force
4132:
4131:
4124:
3953:Molotov cocktails
3916:the neighbouring
3689:Hebrew University
3502:Battles of Latrun
3462:Operation Pleshet
3456:Operation Pleshet
3330:Republic of China
3211:Course of the war
3142:Hawker Hurricanes
3083:
3082:
2913:via an abandoned
2785:
2784:
2762:Battles of Latrun
2656:Battles of Latrun
2321:Other Arab states
2241:British diplomat
2127:religious Zionist
1857:Operation Kilshon
1584:occupied by Egypt
1472:, there had been
1408:
1407:
981:
980:
903:117,500 (finally)
852:Shukri al-Quwatli
389:After 26 May 1948
259:
258:
219:Beginning of the
123:with soldiers in
16:(Redirected from
26589:
26520:
26519:
26346:War of Attrition
26218:Diplomatic posts
26212:
26211:
26202:
26201:
26190:
26183:
26176:
26167:
26166:
25908:David S. Painter
25833:John Earl Haynes
25763:Nicholas J. Cull
25748:Adrian Cioroianu
25728:Thomas A. Bailey
25675:Voice of America
25566:
25565:
25478:White separatism
25458:Social democracy
25453:Guided democracy
25433:Authoritarianism
25383:Ultranationalism
25373:Anti-imperialism
25300:Marxism–Leninism
25213:
25212:
25200:Kinmen Agreement
25165:Johnson Doctrine
25150:Kennedy Doctrine
25066:Frozen conflicts
25049:1991 August Coup
24938:Afghan Civil War
24833:Reykjavík Summit
24828:Somali Rebellion
24768:Ugandan Bush War
24746:Gdańsk Agreement
24267:Protests of 1968
24247:War of Attrition
23956:Cuban Revolution
23892:We will bury you
23859:Cyprus Emergency
23839:Kashmir Princess
23829:Jebel Akhdar War
23678:Western betrayal
23363:
23356:
23349:
23340:
23339:
23168:Present absentee
23042:
23035:
23028:
23019:
23018:
22988:Wadi al-Hawarith
22492:Kirad al-Baqqara
22212:Sarafand al-Amar
21696:Bayt Umm al-Mays
21073:Arab al-Nufay'at
20550:
20541:
20532:
20523:
20514:
20505:
20496:
20487:
20478:
20469:
20460:
20451:
20442:
20433:
20424:
20415:
20406:
20397:
20388:
20379:
20370:
20361:
20352:
20343:
20334:
20325:
20316:
20307:
20298:
20289:
20280:
20271:
20262:
20253:
20244:
20235:
20226:
20217:
20208:
20199:
20190:
20181:
20172:
20163:
20154:
20145:
20136:
20127:
20118:
20109:
20100:
20091:
20082:
20073:
20064:
20055:
20046:
20037:
20028:
20019:
20010:
20001:
19992:
19983:
19974:
19965:
19956:
19947:
19938:
19929:
19920:
19911:
19902:
19893:
19884:
19875:
19866:
19857:
19848:
19839:
19830:
19821:
19812:
19803:
19794:
19785:
19776:
19767:
19758:
19749:
19740:
19731:
19722:
19713:
19704:
19695:
19686:
19677:
19668:
19659:
19650:
19641:
19632:
19623:
19614:
19605:
19596:
19587:
19578:
19569:
19560:
19551:
19542:
19533:
19524:
19515:
19506:
19497:
19488:
19479:
19470:
19461:
19452:
19443:
19434:
19425:
19416:
19407:
19398:
19389:
19380:
19371:
19362:
19353:
19344:
19335:
19326:
19317:
19308:
19299:
19290:
19281:
19272:
19263:
19254:
19245:
19236:
19227:
19218:
19209:
19200:
19191:
19182:
19173:
19164:
19155:
19146:
19137:
19128:
19119:
19110:
19101:
19092:
19083:
19074:
19065:
19056:
19047:
19038:
19029:
19020:
19011:
19002:
18993:
18984:
18975:
18966:
18957:
18948:
18939:
18930:
18921:
18912:
18903:
18894:
18885:
18876:
18867:
18858:
18849:
18840:
18831:
18822:
18813:
18804:
18795:
18786:
18777:
18768:
18759:
18750:
18741:
18732:
18723:
18714:
18705:
18696:
18687:
18678:
18669:
18660:
18651:
18642:
18633:
18624:
18615:
18606:
18597:
18588:
18579:
18570:
18561:
18552:
18543:
18534:
18525:
18516:
18507:
18498:
18489:
18480:
18471:
18462:
18453:
18444:
18435:
18426:
18417:
18408:
18399:
18390:
18381:
18372:
18363:
18354:
18345:
18336:
18327:
18318:
18309:
18300:
18291:
18282:
18273:
18264:
18255:
18246:
18237:
18228:
18219:
18210:
18201:
18192:
18183:
18174:
18165:
18156:
18147:
18138:
18129:
18120:
18111:
18102:
18093:
18084:
18075:
18066:
18057:
18048:
18039:
18030:
18021:
18012:
18003:
17994:
17985:
17976:
17967:
17958:
17949:
17940:
17931:
17922:
17913:
17904:
17895:
17886:
17877:
17868:
17859:
17850:
17841:
17832:
17823:
17814:
17805:
17796:
17787:
17778:
17769:
17760:
17751:
17742:
17733:
17724:
17715:
17706:
17697:
17688:
17679:
17670:
17661:
17652:
17643:
17634:
17625:
17616:
17607:
17598:
17589:
17580:
17571:
17562:
17553:
17544:
17535:
17526:
17517:
17508:
17499:
17490:
17481:
17472:
17463:
17454:
17445:
17436:
17427:
17418:
17409:
17400:
17391:
17382:
17373:
17364:
17355:
17346:
17337:
17328:
17319:
17310:
17301:
17292:
17283:
17274:
17265:
17256:
17247:
17238:
17229:
17220:
17211:
17202:
17193:
17184:
17175:
17166:
17157:
17148:
17139:
17130:
17121:
17112:
17103:
17094:
17085:
17076:
17067:
17058:
17049:
17040:
17031:
17022:
17013:
17004:
16995:
16986:
16977:
16968:
16959:
16950:
16941:
16932:
16923:
16914:
16905:
16896:
16887:
16878:
16869:
16860:
16851:
16842:
16833:
16824:
16815:
16806:
16797:
16788:
16779:
16770:
16761:
16752:
16743:
16734:
16725:
16716:
16707:
16698:
16689:
16680:
16671:
16662:
16653:
16644:
16635:
16626:
16617:
16608:
16599:
16590:
16581:
16574:
16573:
16435:Arab al-Samniyya
16403:
16396:
16389:
16380:
16379:
16295:
16288:
16281:
16272:
16271:
16222:Trump peace plan
16214:
16008:
15806:
15799:
15792:
15783:
15782:
15768:
15765:Israel–Hamas war
15760:
15756:Shield and Arrow
15750:
15740:
15732:
15722:
15714:
15706:
15698:
15695:Wave of violence
15690:
15682:
15672:
15662:
15654:
15646:
15638:
15628:
15620:
15612:
15602:
15592:
15582:
15574:
15566:
15547:
15537:
15527:
15515:
15505:
15497:
15489:
15481:
15473:
15463:
15455:
15447:
15439:
15429:
15410:
15400:
15392:
15382:
15374:
15371:Ma'alot massacre
15366:
15358:
15348:
15340:
15332:
15324:
15316:
15306:
15298:
15290:
15287:War of Attrition
15282:
15274:
15255:
15247:
15239:
15236:Arab–Israeli War
15231:
15207:
15200:
15193:
15184:
15183:
15081:Other countries
14877:
14876:
14817:Egyptian Kingdom
14779:
14772:
14765:
14756:
14755:
14741:
14734:
14727:
14718:
14717:
14675:Saudi–Yemeni war
14653:
14652:
14639:
14638:
14627:
14620:
14613:
14604:
14603:
14591:Israel–Hamas war
14519:War of Attrition
14489:Arab–Israeli War
14471:
14464:
14457:
14448:
14447:
14443:
14441:
14439:
14419:
14417:
14415:
14203:Louis, Wm. Roger
14199:Brown, Judith M.
13955:
13953:
13951:
13720:
13662:All that remains
13566:Heller, Joseph.
13552:
13238:. Cassel, 1997.
13234:Cragg, Kenneth.
13121:Sacred Landscape
13113:
13088:
12981:
12963:
12917:
12916:
12914:
12912:
12893:
12887:
12886:
12866:
12860:
12846:
12840:
12839:
12799:
12793:
12792:
12766:
12760:
12759:
12757:
12755:
12715:
12709:
12708:
12680:
12674:
12673:
12651:
12645:
12644:
12618:
12612:
12611:
12601:
12569:
12550:
12549:
12519:
12510:
12509:
12483:
12460:
12459:
12433:
12427:
12426:
12379:
12344:
12338:
12332:
12323:
12317:
12310:
12304:
12291:
12285:
12276:
12270:
12267:
12256:
12255:
12253:
12251:
12236:
12230:
12229:
12207:
12201:
12200:
12198:
12196:
12181:
12172:
12171:
12169:
12167:
12152:
12143:
12142:
12140:
12138:
12123:
12117:
12107:
12101:
12094:
12088:
12071:
12065:
12064:
12040:
12034:
12033:
12009:
12003:
12002:
11979:
11973:
11972:
11970:
11968:
11940:
11934:
11933:
11931:
11929:
11914:
11908:
11905:
11899:
11898:
11858:
11852:
11851:
11826:(4): 1198–1199.
11811:
11805:
11804:
11776:
11770:
11769:
11767:
11765:
11756:. Archived from
11750:
11744:
11741:
11735:
11732:
11726:
11719:
11713:
11710:
11697:
11694:
11688:
11687:
11685:
11683:
11678:on 14 April 2018
11668:
11645:
11644:
11628:
11618:
11612:
11611:
11609:
11607:
11579:
11573:
11572:
11570:
11568:
11540:
11534:
11531:
11525:
11524:
11518:
11516:
11488:
11482:
11476:
11470:
11469:
11467:
11465:
11450:
11444:
11443:
11423:
11417:
11411:
11382:
11379:
11373:
11362:
11356:
11355:
11350:
11348:
11320:
11309:
11308:
11306:
11304:
11289:
11283:
11282:
11276:
11274:
11251:
11245:
11243:
11237:
11235:
11212:
11206:
11196:
11190:
11183:
11177:
11171:
11165:
11152:
11146:
11145:
11129:
11119:
11113:
11096:
11090:
11089:
11069:
11063:
11057:
11051:
11048:
11042:
11035:
11029:
11012:and Alex Levac,
11007:
11001:
10998:
10992:
10977:
10971:
10939:
10933:
10932:
10930:
10928:
10913:
10907:
10904:
10898:
10897:
10881:
10864:
10858:
10852:
10846:
10843:
10822:
10816:
10791:
10788:
10777:
10774:
10763:
10762:
10760:
10758:
10743:
10730:
10727:
10721:
10718:
10712:
10709:
10703:
10700:
10694:
10693:
10691:
10689:
10670:
10664:
10661:
10655:
10652:
10643:
10642:
10630:
10624:
10623:
10621:
10619:
10604:
10598:
10597:
10577:
10571:
10570:
10546:
10540:
10537:
10528:
10525:
10519:
10516:
10503:
10491:
10485:
10479:
10466:
10463:
10457:
10443:
10437:
10436:
10430:
10428:
10405:
10399:
10396:
10390:
10384:
10378:
10372:
10353:
10347:
10341:
10340:, pp. 61–62
10335:
10329:
10328:
10326:
10324:
10309:
10303:
10302:Tal, 2004 p. 182
10300:
10294:
10291:
10285:
10282:
10276:
10273:
10267:
10261:
10250:
10244:
10238:
10235:
10229:
10228:
10197:
10191:
10188:
10179:
10163:Sean F. McMahon,
10161:
10155:
10154:
10152:
10150:
10135:
10129:
10119:
10113:
10112:
10110:
10108:
10080:
10071:
10070:
10064:
10062:
10039:
10033:
10030:
10024:
10021:
10015:
10012:
10006:
10003:
9997:
9994:
9988:
9973:
9967:
9964:
9958:
9955:
9949:
9946:
9940:
9939:
9916:
9910:
9907:
9901:
9898:
9892:
9889:
9883:
9882:
9880:
9874:. Archived from
9873:
9865:
9859:
9858:
9832:
9826:
9823:
9814:
9811:
9805:
9802:
9796:
9790:
9784:
9774:
9768:
9761:
9755:
9754:
9752:
9750:
9731:
9725:
9719:
9710:
9709:, pp. 26–27
9704:
9698:
9695:
9689:
9688:
9686:
9684:
9656:
9650:
9647:
9641:
9640:
9638:
9636:
9620:
9611:
9608:
9602:
9595:
9589:
9588:
9586:
9584:
9569:
9558:
9555:
9549:
9546:Operation Ha-Har
9542:
9536:
9529:
9523:
9516:
9510:
9509:
9507:
9505:
9477:
9471:
9470:
9438:
9425:
9422:
9416:
9413:
9407:
9404:
9395:
9392:
9386:
9367:
9361:
9358:
9352:
9349:
9343:
9340:
9334:
9324:
9318:
9315:
9309:
9306:
9300:
9297:
9291:
9290:
9254:
9245:
9244:
9228:
9214:
9208:
9207:
9201:
9199:
9193:
9148:
9137:
9131:
9128:
9122:
9119:
9113:
9106:
9100:
9099:
9079:
9073:
9070:
9064:
9058:
9052:
9046:
9027:
9024:
9015:
9012:
9006:
9003:
8997:
8991:
8985:
8984:
8982:
8980:
8969:
8963:
8953:
8947:
8944:
8931:
8928:
8919:
8916:
8910:
8907:
8901:
8898:
8892:
8885:
8879:
8862:
8856:
8829:
8823:
8816:
8810:
8807:
8798:
8797:
8795:
8793:
8765:
8759:
8749:
8743:
8727:
8721:
8720:
8718:
8716:
8701:
8692:
8689:
8683:
8680:
8674:
8671:
8665:
8654:
8648:
8647:
8621:
8608:
8602:
8599:
8588:
8582:
8571:
8568:
8562:
8561:
8559:
8557:
8537:
8531:
8530:
8528:
8526:
8512:
8506:
8505:
8503:
8501:
8492:. Archived from
8482:
8476:
8473:
8467:
8457:
8451:
8448:
8442:
8439:
8422:
8419:
8413:
8410:
8404:
8401:
8395:
8392:
8386:
8383:
8377:
8374:
8368:
8365:
8359:
8358:
8352:
8350:
8322:
8316:
8309:
8303:
8300:
8294:
8291:
8285:
8282:
8276:
8273:
8267:
8264:
8258:
8255:
8249:
8246:
8240:
8237:
8231:
8228:
8222:
8221:
8219:
8217:
8189:
8183:
8180:
8174:
8165:
8159:
8150:
8144:
8128:
8122:
8115:
8109:
8106:
8097:
8096:
8094:
8092:
8060:
8054:
7996:
7990:
7987:
7981:
7978:
7972:
7965:
7959:
7956:
7939:
7936:
7930:
7929:
7924:
7922:
7886:
7880:
7867:
7861:
7860:
7854:
7852:
7824:
7818:
7811:
7805:
7804:
7761:
7755:
7752:
7746:
7743:
7734:
7733:
7713:
7704:
7703:
7667:
7656:
7655:
7653:
7651:
7623:
7617:
7616:
7614:
7612:
7589:(4th ed.).
7580:
7569:
7566:
7557:
7554:
7548:
7537:
7531:
7510:
7501:
7498:
7492:
7489:
7483:
7482:Oren 2003, p. 5.
7480:
7467:
7466:
7464:
7462:
7438:
7432:
7426:
7409:
7406:
7400:
7397:
7385:
7382:
7376:
7373:
7309:with their 2003
7227:
7180:
7169:
7153:Mordechai Bar-On
7150:
7095:David Ben-Gurion
7093:, biographer of
6990:and Neil Caplan:
6825:were depopulated
6792:
6785:
6778:
6521:Present absentee
6458:Arab–Israeli War
6368:
6361:
6360:
6224:
6220:
6214:
6210:
6206:
6184:Corpus separatum
6180:
6176:
6170:
6166:
6160:
6068:(Czech copies),
5820:
5819:
5777:the delivery of
5753:David Ben-Gurion
5715:Chalmers Goodlin
5521:Operation Shmone
5480:Operation Ha-Har
5442:defence in depth
5379:IDF forces near
5204:Operation Shoter
5181:Operation Shoter
5163:, replaced him.
5110:Folke Bernadotte
5101:Folke Bernadotte
5057:Southern Galilee
4991:Russian Compound
4989:soldiers in the
4898:prisoners of war
4791:Battles of Negba
4775:Operation An-Far
4753:Operation An-Far
4685:Folke Bernadotte
4682:
4676:Folke Bernadotte
4661:Folke Bernadotte
4615:IDF was able to
4542:
4538:
4497:Mishmar HaYarden
4414:submarine chaser
4198:Sde Dov Airfield
4154:Galilee Squadron
4127:
4120:
4116:
4113:
4107:
4079:
4078:
4071:
3996:Mishmar HaYarden
3772:Northern Samaria
3764:, to secure the
3762:Operation Ha-Har
3747:Thomas C. Wasson
3650:
3627:
3615:
3569:
3557:
3545:
3197:24 February 1949
3153:Syrian Air Force
3136:had over thirty
3115:Light Tank Mk VI
3001:
3000:
2892:Bren Gun carrier
2886:soldiers of the
2814:fighter planes.
2567:Michael Ben-Gal
2545:
2472:
2471:
2143:
1999:Ayalon Institute
1872:David Ben-Gurion
1870:On 14 May 1948,
1770:corpus separatum
1713:David Ben-Gurion
1525:southern Lebanon
1019:
1017:
1007:
1000:
993:
984:
983:
954:63,500 (maximum)
952:51,100 (minimum)
950:13,000 (initial)
887:Fawzi al-Qawuqji
885:
872:
871:
861:
860:
850:
849:
839:
838:
828:
827:
819:John Bagot Glubb
817:
816:
806:
805:
795:
794:
784:
783:
773:
772:
762:
761:
750:
749:
739:
738:
728:
727:
717:
716:
706:
705:
695:
694:
684:
683:
669:
668:
658:
657:
647:
646:
636:
635:
627:David Ben-Gurion
625:
624:
604:
603:
583:
569:
565:
563:
562:
551:
549:
548:
538:
536:
535:
525:
524:
523:
516:
512:
510:
509:
498:
496:
495:
480:
479:
467:
466:
458:
454:
452:
451:
437:
435:
434:
410:
400:
373:
363:
349:
339:
329:
315:
297:
296:
278:
276:
275:
186:Israeli victory
154:
153:
117:John Bagot Glubb
103:
94:
83:
74:
45:
44:
21:
26597:
26596:
26592:
26591:
26590:
26588:
26587:
26586:
26532:
26531:
26530:
26525:
26509:
26463:
26459:Rafah offensive
26424:Sinai bus crash
26377:Meir Max Bineth
26355:
26295:
26234:
26213:
26206:
26196:
26194:
26164:
26159:
26136:
26127:Second Cold War
26085:
26013:
26007:
25983:Odd Arne Westad
25973:Patrick Vaughan
25958:Athan Theoharis
25938:Ellen Schrecker
25923:Yakov M. Rabkin
25898:Timothy Naftali
25843:Tvrtko Jakovina
25828:Jussi Hanhimäki
25711:
25689:
25679:
25657:Paix et Liberté
25632:
25576:Active measures
25557:
25487:
25468:White supremacy
25428:Totalitarianism
25356:
25281:
25204:
25190:Reagan Doctrine
25185:Carter Doctrine
25125:Truman Doctrine
25113:
25060:
24992:
24887:Soviet reaction
24798:Ndogboyosoi War
24705:
24676:Saur Revolution
24503:1973 oil crisis
24468:Munich massacre
24376:Alcora Exercise
24371:Black September
24349:
24095:Sino-Indian War
23989:Simba rebellion
23972:
23816:Capture of the
23724:
23663:Berlin Blockade
23596:May 1947 crises
23586:Truman Doctrine
23551:Greek Civil War
23540:Blacklist Forty
23507:Gouzenko Affair
23494:Cursed soldiers
23446:Morgenthau Plan
23434:
23372:
23367:
23337:
23332:
23323:
23292:
23276:
23213:Notable writers
23208:
23194:Battle of Haifa
23182:
23097:
23051:
23046:
23016:
23011:
22930:Ghabat Kafr Sur
22918:Bayyarat Hannun
22895:
22741:
22615:al-Ras al-Ahmar
22485:Khiyam al-Walid
22283:
22035:Dayr Abu Salama
21916:
21883:
21641:
21596:
21451:
21352:
21100:Balad al-Sheikh
21042:
20788:
20755:
20560:
20559:
20558:
20557:
20556:
20555:
20554:
20553:
20552:
20551:
20543:
20542:
20534:
20533:
20525:
20524:
20516:
20515:
20507:
20506:
20498:
20497:
20489:
20488:
20480:
20479:
20471:
20470:
20462:
20461:
20453:
20452:
20444:
20443:
20435:
20434:
20426:
20425:
20417:
20416:
20408:
20407:
20399:
20398:
20390:
20389:
20381:
20380:
20372:
20371:
20363:
20362:
20354:
20353:
20345:
20344:
20336:
20335:
20327:
20326:
20318:
20317:
20309:
20308:
20300:
20299:
20291:
20290:
20282:
20281:
20273:
20272:
20264:
20263:
20255:
20254:
20246:
20245:
20237:
20236:
20228:
20227:
20219:
20218:
20210:
20209:
20201:
20200:
20192:
20191:
20183:
20182:
20174:
20173:
20165:
20164:
20156:
20155:
20147:
20146:
20138:
20137:
20129:
20128:
20120:
20119:
20111:
20110:
20102:
20101:
20093:
20092:
20084:
20083:
20075:
20074:
20066:
20065:
20057:
20056:
20048:
20047:
20039:
20038:
20030:
20029:
20021:
20020:
20012:
20011:
20003:
20002:
19994:
19993:
19985:
19984:
19976:
19975:
19967:
19966:
19958:
19957:
19949:
19948:
19940:
19939:
19931:
19930:
19922:
19921:
19913:
19912:
19904:
19903:
19895:
19894:
19886:
19885:
19877:
19876:
19868:
19867:
19859:
19858:
19850:
19849:
19841:
19840:
19832:
19831:
19823:
19822:
19814:
19813:
19805:
19804:
19796:
19795:
19787:
19786:
19778:
19777:
19769:
19768:
19760:
19759:
19751:
19750:
19742:
19741:
19733:
19732:
19724:
19723:
19715:
19714:
19706:
19705:
19697:
19696:
19688:
19687:
19679:
19678:
19670:
19669:
19661:
19660:
19652:
19651:
19643:
19642:
19634:
19633:
19625:
19624:
19616:
19615:
19607:
19606:
19598:
19597:
19589:
19588:
19580:
19579:
19571:
19570:
19562:
19561:
19553:
19552:
19544:
19543:
19535:
19534:
19526:
19525:
19517:
19516:
19508:
19507:
19499:
19498:
19490:
19489:
19481:
19480:
19472:
19471:
19463:
19462:
19454:
19453:
19445:
19444:
19436:
19435:
19427:
19426:
19418:
19417:
19409:
19408:
19400:
19399:
19391:
19390:
19382:
19381:
19373:
19372:
19364:
19363:
19355:
19354:
19346:
19345:
19337:
19336:
19328:
19327:
19319:
19318:
19310:
19309:
19301:
19300:
19292:
19291:
19283:
19282:
19274:
19273:
19265:
19264:
19256:
19255:
19247:
19246:
19238:
19237:
19229:
19228:
19220:
19219:
19211:
19210:
19202:
19201:
19193:
19192:
19184:
19183:
19175:
19174:
19166:
19165:
19157:
19156:
19148:
19147:
19139:
19138:
19130:
19129:
19121:
19120:
19112:
19111:
19103:
19102:
19094:
19093:
19085:
19084:
19076:
19075:
19067:
19066:
19058:
19057:
19049:
19048:
19040:
19039:
19031:
19030:
19022:
19021:
19013:
19012:
19004:
19003:
18995:
18994:
18986:
18985:
18977:
18976:
18968:
18967:
18959:
18958:
18950:
18949:
18941:
18940:
18932:
18931:
18923:
18922:
18914:
18913:
18905:
18904:
18896:
18895:
18887:
18886:
18878:
18877:
18869:
18868:
18860:
18859:
18851:
18850:
18842:
18841:
18833:
18832:
18824:
18823:
18815:
18814:
18806:
18805:
18797:
18796:
18788:
18787:
18779:
18778:
18770:
18769:
18761:
18760:
18752:
18751:
18743:
18742:
18734:
18733:
18725:
18724:
18716:
18715:
18707:
18706:
18698:
18697:
18689:
18688:
18680:
18679:
18671:
18670:
18662:
18661:
18653:
18652:
18644:
18643:
18635:
18634:
18626:
18625:
18617:
18616:
18608:
18607:
18599:
18598:
18590:
18589:
18581:
18580:
18572:
18571:
18563:
18562:
18554:
18553:
18545:
18544:
18536:
18535:
18527:
18526:
18518:
18517:
18509:
18508:
18500:
18499:
18491:
18490:
18482:
18481:
18473:
18472:
18464:
18463:
18455:
18454:
18446:
18445:
18437:
18436:
18428:
18427:
18419:
18418:
18410:
18409:
18401:
18400:
18392:
18391:
18383:
18382:
18374:
18373:
18365:
18364:
18356:
18355:
18347:
18346:
18338:
18337:
18329:
18328:
18320:
18319:
18311:
18310:
18302:
18301:
18293:
18292:
18284:
18283:
18275:
18274:
18266:
18265:
18257:
18256:
18248:
18247:
18239:
18238:
18230:
18229:
18221:
18220:
18212:
18211:
18203:
18202:
18194:
18193:
18185:
18184:
18176:
18175:
18167:
18166:
18158:
18157:
18149:
18148:
18140:
18139:
18131:
18130:
18122:
18121:
18113:
18112:
18104:
18103:
18095:
18094:
18086:
18085:
18077:
18076:
18068:
18067:
18059:
18058:
18050:
18049:
18041:
18040:
18032:
18031:
18023:
18022:
18014:
18013:
18005:
18004:
17996:
17995:
17987:
17986:
17978:
17977:
17969:
17968:
17960:
17959:
17951:
17950:
17942:
17941:
17933:
17932:
17924:
17923:
17915:
17914:
17906:
17905:
17897:
17896:
17888:
17887:
17879:
17878:
17870:
17869:
17861:
17860:
17852:
17851:
17843:
17842:
17834:
17833:
17825:
17824:
17816:
17815:
17807:
17806:
17798:
17797:
17789:
17788:
17780:
17779:
17771:
17770:
17762:
17761:
17753:
17752:
17744:
17743:
17735:
17734:
17726:
17725:
17717:
17716:
17708:
17707:
17699:
17698:
17690:
17689:
17681:
17680:
17672:
17671:
17663:
17662:
17654:
17653:
17645:
17644:
17636:
17635:
17627:
17626:
17618:
17617:
17609:
17608:
17600:
17599:
17591:
17590:
17582:
17581:
17573:
17572:
17564:
17563:
17555:
17554:
17546:
17545:
17537:
17536:
17528:
17527:
17519:
17518:
17510:
17509:
17501:
17500:
17492:
17491:
17483:
17482:
17474:
17473:
17465:
17464:
17456:
17455:
17447:
17446:
17438:
17437:
17429:
17428:
17420:
17419:
17411:
17410:
17402:
17401:
17393:
17392:
17384:
17383:
17375:
17374:
17366:
17365:
17357:
17356:
17348:
17347:
17339:
17338:
17330:
17329:
17321:
17320:
17312:
17311:
17303:
17302:
17294:
17293:
17285:
17284:
17276:
17275:
17267:
17266:
17258:
17257:
17249:
17248:
17240:
17239:
17231:
17230:
17222:
17221:
17213:
17212:
17204:
17203:
17195:
17194:
17186:
17185:
17177:
17176:
17168:
17167:
17159:
17158:
17150:
17149:
17141:
17140:
17132:
17131:
17123:
17122:
17114:
17113:
17105:
17104:
17096:
17095:
17087:
17086:
17078:
17077:
17069:
17068:
17060:
17059:
17051:
17050:
17042:
17041:
17033:
17032:
17024:
17023:
17015:
17014:
17006:
17005:
16997:
16996:
16988:
16987:
16979:
16978:
16970:
16969:
16961:
16960:
16952:
16951:
16943:
16942:
16934:
16933:
16925:
16924:
16916:
16915:
16907:
16906:
16898:
16897:
16889:
16888:
16880:
16879:
16871:
16870:
16862:
16861:
16853:
16852:
16844:
16843:
16835:
16834:
16826:
16825:
16817:
16816:
16808:
16807:
16799:
16798:
16790:
16789:
16781:
16780:
16772:
16771:
16763:
16762:
16754:
16753:
16745:
16744:
16736:
16735:
16727:
16726:
16718:
16717:
16709:
16708:
16700:
16699:
16691:
16690:
16682:
16681:
16673:
16672:
16664:
16663:
16655:
16654:
16646:
16645:
16637:
16636:
16628:
16627:
16619:
16618:
16610:
16609:
16601:
16600:
16592:
16591:
16583:
16582:
16559:
16416:
16407:
16377:
16372:
16356:
16330:
16304:
16299:
16269:
16260:
16228:Abraham Accords
16212:
16206:
16049:
16031:1981–1982
15927:
15881:Peel Commission
15816:
15814:peace proposals
15810:
15773:
15763:
15753:
15743:
15735:
15725:
15717:
15709:
15701:
15693:
15685:
15675:
15665:
15657:
15649:
15641:
15631:
15623:
15615:
15605:
15595:
15585:
15577:
15569:
15563:Second Intifada
15561:
15550:
15543:Grapes of Wrath
15540:
15530:
15518:
15508:
15500:
15492:
15484:
15476:
15466:
15458:
15450:
15442:
15432:
15424:
15413:
15403:
15395:
15385:
15377:
15369:
15361:
15351:
15345:Munich massacre
15343:
15335:
15327:
15319:
15309:
15301:
15293:
15285:
15277:
15269:
15258:
15250:
15242:
15234:
15227:
15216:
15211:
15174:
15153:
15132:
15072:
15028:Black September
15006:
14947:Lebanese Forces
14868:
14864:Ba'athist Syria
14860:Syrian Republic
14805:and authorities
14804:
14798:
14797:
14783:
14750:
14745:
14715:
14710:
14669:Najran conflict
14654:
14647:
14633:
14631:
14601:
14596:
14555:Second Intifada
14480:
14475:
14437:
14435:
14422:
14413:
14411:
14398:
14352:Wayback Machine
14335:
14330:
14275:Six Days of War
14273:Oren, Michael,
14195:
14193:Ancillary works
13949:
13947:
13940:
13755:Cassels, 1997.
13599:Khalidi, Rashid
13550:
13524:. Grove Press.
13458:Gilbert, Martin
13440:Wayback Machine
13428:Gilbert, Martin
13182:. Grove Press.
13139:The Secret Army
13093:Ben-Ami, Shlomo
13054:Beckman, Morris
13022:
12932:
12926:
12921:
12920:
12910:
12908:
12903:. 12 May 2015.
12895:
12894:
12890:
12883:
12867:
12863:
12847:
12843:
12820:10.2307/2536835
12800:
12796:
12781:
12767:
12763:
12753:
12751:
12716:
12712:
12697:
12681:
12677:
12670:
12652:
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12380:
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12320:
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12307:
12301:Wayback Machine
12292:
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12175:
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12154:
12153:
12146:
12136:
12134:
12125:
12124:
12120:
12116:11 August 2009.
12108:
12104:
12095:
12091:
12081:Wayback Machine
12072:
12068:
12057:
12041:
12037:
12026:
12010:
12006:
11996:
11980:
11976:
11966:
11964:
11957:
11941:
11937:
11927:
11925:
11916:
11915:
11911:
11906:
11902:
11859:
11855:
11832:10.2307/2170732
11812:
11808:
11801:
11777:
11773:
11763:
11761:
11752:
11751:
11747:
11742:
11738:
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11695:
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11580:
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11385:
11380:
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11321:
11312:
11302:
11300:
11299:on 24 June 2017
11291:
11290:
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11272:
11270:
11252:
11248:
11233:
11231:
11216:Haberman, Clyde
11213:
11209:
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11193:
11184:
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11162:Wayback Machine
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11021:Wayback Machine
11008:
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10978:
10974:
10949:Wayback Machine
10940:
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10901:
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10706:
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10685:
10672:
10671:
10667:
10662:
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10653:
10646:
10631:
10627:
10617:
10615:
10614:on 3 March 2016
10606:
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10013:
10009:
10004:
10000:
9995:
9991:
9974:
9970:
9965:
9961:
9956:
9952:
9947:
9943:
9933:
9917:
9913:
9908:
9904:
9899:
9895:
9890:
9886:
9881:on 5 June 2013.
9878:
9871:
9867:
9866:
9862:
9847:
9833:
9829:
9824:
9817:
9812:
9808:
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9771:
9762:
9758:
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9696:
9692:
9682:
9680:
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9648:
9644:
9634:
9632:
9621:
9614:
9609:
9605:
9596:
9592:
9582:
9580:
9579:on 6 April 2012
9571:
9570:
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9543:
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9503:
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9439:
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9419:
9414:
9410:
9405:
9398:
9393:
9389:
9383:Wayback Machine
9368:
9364:
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9255:
9248:
9241:
9226:
9215:
9211:
9197:
9195:
9191:
9169:10.2307/2535478
9143:(Winter 1973).
9138:
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8908:
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8899:
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8886:
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8873:Wayback Machine
8863:
8859:
8842:Wayback Machine
8830:
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8470:
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8411:
8407:
8402:
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8384:
8380:
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8366:
8362:
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8339:
8323:
8319:
8310:
8306:
8301:
8297:
8292:
8288:
8283:
8279:
8274:
8270:
8265:
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8256:
8252:
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8238:
8234:
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8225:
8215:
8213:
8206:
8190:
8186:
8181:
8177:
8166:
8162:
8151:
8147:
8142:Wayback Machine
8129:
8125:
8116:
8112:
8107:
8100:
8090:
8088:
8086:
8061:
8057:
8048:Wayback Machine
8036:
8029:Wayback Machine
8017:
7997:
7993:
7988:
7984:
7979:
7975:
7966:
7962:
7957:
7942:
7937:
7933:
7920:
7918:
7903:
7887:
7883:
7877:Wayback Machine
7868:
7864:
7850:
7848:
7825:
7821:
7812:
7808:
7782:10.2307/2537591
7762:
7758:
7753:
7749:
7744:
7737:
7730:
7714:
7707:
7668:
7659:
7649:
7647:
7640:
7624:
7620:
7610:
7608:
7601:
7593:. p. 571.
7581:
7572:
7567:
7560:
7555:
7551:
7539:Anita Shapira,
7538:
7534:
7511:
7504:
7499:
7495:
7490:
7486:
7481:
7470:
7460:
7458:
7439:
7435:
7427:
7423:
7418:
7413:
7412:
7407:
7403:
7398:
7394:
7389:
7388:
7383:
7379:
7374:
7370:
7365:
7343:
7318:
7279:
7274:
7256:
7254:Arab narratives
7239:was voluntary.
7221:
7193:
7174:
7163:
7159:, Tamir Goren,
7144:
7118:Second Intifada
7111:
7046:
7040:
7018:
7009:
6986:. According to
6946:
6890:
6884:
6796:
6767:
6766:
6752:
6751:
6742:
6741:
6720:
6719:
6710:
6709:
6680:Palestinian key
6675:
6674:
6665:
6664:
6595:
6594:
6593:Notable writers
6585:
6584:
6558:
6557:
6548:
6547:
6514:Right of return
6492:
6491:
6480:
6479:
6446:Battle of Haifa
6417:
6390:
6389:
6359:
6351:Main articles:
6349:
6344:
6324:
6318:
6310:Main articles:
6308:
6271:in the center.
6234:
6222:
6218:
6216:
6212:
6208:
6204:
6202:
6201:
6193:
6192:
6178:
6174:
6172:
6168:
6164:
6162:
6158:
6156:
6155:
6147:
6141:
6135:
6130:
6110:
6104:
5984:Davidka mortars
5812:
5791:
5779:aviation spirit
5736:and eight from
5730:Hawker Tempests
5649:Royal Air Force
5638:Royal Air Force
5630:
5567:Sinai Peninsula
5556:Operation Horev
5536:Operation Assaf
5523:to capture the
5478:On 19 October,
5415:
5338:
5290:Operation Hiram
5279:Carmeli Brigade
5246:
5244:Operation Hiram
5240:
5230:October battles
5224:
5187:Little Triangle
5183:
5177:
5146:right of return
5103:
5097:
5089:
5087:Eastern Galilee
5069:Operation Dekel
5065:
5063:Operation Dekel
5059:
4998:Operation Kedem
4980:
4978:Operation Kedem
4974:
4962:Yiftach Brigade
4958:
4921:Majdal al-Sadiq
4878:
4876:Operation Danny
4845:Operation Danny
4825:
4817:Be'erot Yitzhak
4813:
4793:
4759:
4749:
4729:attacking Negba
4725:Muhammad Naguib
4721:
4680:
4653:
4537:
4528:
4479:(Beit She'an),
4434:
4352:
4300:air superiority
4220:RAF Ramat David
4128:
4117:
4111:
4108:
4097:
4080:
4076:
4049:
4008:
3949:Carmeli Brigade
3894:
3870:
3858:Golani Brigades
3844:on the Tulkarm-
3780:
3774:
3673:
3667:
3662:
3661:
3660:
3657:
3651:
3642:
3628:
3619:
3616:
3578:
3577:
3576:
3573:
3570:
3561:
3558:
3549:
3546:
3510:
3504:
3458:
3365:
3286:State of Israel
3235:
3221:
3213:
3193:Battle of Rafah
3123:25-pounder guns
3102:Iraqi Air Force
3066:Fourth Brigade
3021:Desmond Goldie
2987:
2931:
2923:Operation Balak
2798:Czechoslovakia
2539:
2439:Operation Balak
2427:
2384:
2379:
2357:
2351:
2327:Farouk of Egypt
2323:
2260:
2187:
2109:
2104:
2084:
2015:
1979:
1977:Arms production
1956:Operation Balak
1954:were codenamed
1900:
1888:
1876:State of Israel
1730:Operation Balak
1631:
1621:
1615:
1521:Sinai Peninsula
1456:Since the 1917
1421:, followed the
1411:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1391:
1343:
1071:Be'erot Yitzhak
1020:
1015:
1013:
1011:
976:
972:
970:
953:
951:
949:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
902:
880:
866:
865:
855:
854:
844:
843:
833:
832:
822:
821:
811:
810:
808:King Abdallah I
800:
799:
797:Muhammad Naguib
789:
788:
778:
777:
767:
766:
756:
744:
743:
733:
732:
722:
721:
711:
710:
700:
699:
689:
688:
678:
677:
663:
662:
652:
651:
641:
640:
630:
629:
619:
598:
589:
578:
572:
560:
558:
546:
544:
533:
531:
521:
519:
507:
505:
493:
491:
474:
461:
449:
447:
432:
430:
422:
418:
412:Minorities Unit
392:
386:
303:
291:
290:
284:
273:
271:
238:State of Israel
232:
191:State of Israel
176:
161:
148:
108:
107:
106:
105:
104:
96:
95:
86:
85:
84:
76:
75:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
26595:
26585:
26584:
26579:
26574:
26569:
26564:
26559:
26554:
26552:1948 in Israel
26549:
26544:
26527:
26526:
26514:
26511:
26510:
26508:
26507:
26502:
26497:
26492:
26487:
26482:
26477:
26471:
26469:
26465:
26464:
26462:
26461:
26456:
26451:
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26436:
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26426:
26421:
26416:
26411:
26406:
26401:
26396:
26391:
26386:
26385:
26384:
26379:
26369:
26363:
26361:
26357:
26356:
26354:
26353:
26351:Yom Kippur War
26348:
26343:
26342:
26341:
26331:
26326:
26325:
26324:
26314:
26309:
26303:
26301:
26297:
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26293:
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26283:
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26193:
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26185:
26178:
26170:
26161:
26160:
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26157:
26152:
26147:
26141:
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26137:
26135:
26134:
26129:
26124:
26119:
26114:
26109:
26104:
26099:
26093:
26091:
26087:
26086:
26084:
26083:
26078:
26073:
26068:
26063:
26058:
26053:
26048:
26043:
26038:
26033:
26028:
26023:
26017:
26015:
26009:
26008:
26006:
26005:
26000:
25995:
25990:
25985:
25980:
25975:
25970:
25965:
25960:
25955:
25953:Timothy Snyder
25950:
25945:
25940:
25935:
25930:
25925:
25920:
25915:
25910:
25905:
25900:
25895:
25890:
25885:
25883:Vojtech Mastny
25880:
25878:Geir Lundestad
25875:
25870:
25868:Walter Laqueur
25865:
25863:Walter LaFeber
25860:
25855:
25850:
25845:
25840:
25835:
25830:
25825:
25820:
25815:
25810:
25805:
25800:
25795:
25793:André Fontaine
25790:
25785:
25780:
25775:
25770:
25765:
25760:
25755:
25750:
25745:
25740:
25735:
25730:
25725:
25723:Gar Alperovitz
25719:
25717:
25713:
25712:
25710:
25709:
25704:
25699:
25693:
25691:
25685:
25684:
25681:
25680:
25678:
25677:
25672:
25666:
25665:
25660:
25653:
25648:
25640:
25638:
25634:
25633:
25631:
25630:
25623:
25618:
25611:
25604:
25599:
25592:
25585:
25578:
25572:
25570:
25563:
25559:
25558:
25556:
25555:
25550:
25545:
25540:
25535:
25530:
25525:
25520:
25515:
25510:
25505:
25499:
25497:
25493:
25492:
25489:
25488:
25486:
25485:
25480:
25475:
25470:
25465:
25463:Third-Worldism
25460:
25455:
25450:
25445:
25440:
25435:
25430:
25425:
25420:
25415:
25410:
25405:
25400:
25395:
25390:
25385:
25380:
25375:
25370:
25364:
25362:
25358:
25357:
25355:
25354:
25349:
25344:
25339:
25334:
25329:
25322:
25317:
25312:
25307:
25302:
25297:
25291:
25289:
25283:
25282:
25280:
25279:
25274:
25269:
25264:
25259:
25254:
25252:Libertarianism
25249:
25244:
25243:
25242:
25232:
25230:Chicago school
25227:
25221:
25219:
25210:
25206:
25205:
25203:
25202:
25197:
25192:
25187:
25182:
25177:
25175:Nixon Doctrine
25172:
25167:
25162:
25157:
25152:
25147:
25142:
25137:
25132:
25127:
25121:
25119:
25118:Foreign policy
25115:
25114:
25112:
25111:
25106:
25101:
25096:
25091:
25086:
25081:
25076:
25070:
25068:
25062:
25061:
25059:
25058:
25053:
25052:
25051:
25041:
25036:
25031:
25026:
25021:
25016:
25011:
25006:
25000:
24998:
24994:
24993:
24991:
24990:
24985:
24980:
24975:
24970:
24965:
24960:
24955:
24950:
24945:
24940:
24935:
24930:
24925:
24920:
24915:
24910:
24905:
24903:Operation RYAN
24900:
24895:
24890:
24880:
24875:
24870:
24865:
24860:
24855:
24850:
24845:
24840:
24835:
24830:
24825:
24820:
24815:
24810:
24808:Able Archer 83
24805:
24800:
24795:
24790:
24785:
24780:
24775:
24770:
24765:
24760:
24755:
24754:
24753:
24743:
24738:
24733:
24724:
24719:
24713:
24711:
24707:
24706:
24704:
24703:
24698:
24693:
24688:
24683:
24678:
24673:
24668:
24663:
24658:
24653:
24648:
24643:
24638:
24633:
24628:
24623:
24618:
24613:
24605:
24600:
24595:
24590:
24585:
24580:
24575:
24570:
24565:
24560:
24558:Oromo conflict
24555:
24550:
24545:
24540:
24535:
24530:
24525:
24520:
24515:
24510:
24505:
24500:
24498:Yom Kippur War
24495:
24490:
24485:
24480:
24475:
24470:
24465:
24460:
24455:
24450:
24445:
24440:
24435:
24430:
24425:
24420:
24415:
24408:
24403:
24398:
24393:
24388:
24383:
24378:
24373:
24368:
24363:
24357:
24355:
24351:
24350:
24348:
24347:
24342:
24337:
24332:
24327:
24322:
24321:
24320:
24310:
24305:
24300:
24295:
24290:
24281:
24276:
24275:
24274:
24264:
24259:
24254:
24249:
24244:
24239:
24234:
24229:
24224:
24219:
24214:
24209:
24204:
24199:
24194:
24189:
24184:
24179:
24174:
24169:
24164:
24159:
24154:
24153:
24152:
24142:
24137:
24132:
24130:Aden Emergency
24127:
24122:
24117:
24112:
24107:
24102:
24097:
24092:
24087:
24082:
24081:
24080:
24075:
24070:
24060:
24055:
24050:
24048:Papua conflict
24045:
24040:
24035:
24030:
24029:
24028:
24018:
24017:
24016:
24006:
24001:
23996:
23991:
23986:
23980:
23978:
23974:
23973:
23971:
23970:
23965:
23964:
23963:
23953:
23951:Kitchen Debate
23948:
23943:
23938:
23933:
23928:
23923:
23918:
23913:
23911:Sputnik crisis
23908:
23903:
23895:
23888:
23883:
23881:Polish October
23878:
23873:
23868:
23861:
23856:
23851:
23846:
23841:
23836:
23831:
23826:
23821:
23813:
23808:
23803:
23798:
23793:
23788:
23783:
23781:Pact of Madrid
23778:
23773:
23768:
23763:
23758:
23753:
23748:
23743:
23738:
23736:Bamboo Curtain
23732:
23730:
23726:
23725:
23723:
23722:
23717:
23712:
23707:
23706:
23705:
23695:
23690:
23685:
23680:
23675:
23670:
23665:
23660:
23655:
23650:
23645:
23640:
23635:
23630:
23629:
23628:
23623:
23618:
23608:
23603:
23598:
23593:
23588:
23583:
23578:
23573:
23568:
23563:
23558:
23553:
23548:
23543:
23535:
23527:
23519:
23514:
23509:
23504:
23496:
23491:
23490:
23489:
23484:
23476:
23463:
23458:
23453:
23448:
23442:
23440:
23436:
23435:
23433:
23432:
23427:
23422:
23417:
23412:
23407:
23402:
23397:
23392:
23385:
23377:
23374:
23373:
23366:
23365:
23358:
23351:
23343:
23334:
23333:
23328:
23325:
23324:
23322:
23321:
23316:
23311:
23306:
23300:
23298:
23294:
23293:
23291:
23290:
23284:
23282:
23278:
23277:
23275:
23274:
23267:
23262:
23257:
23252:
23247:
23242:
23237:
23232:
23227:
23222:
23216:
23214:
23210:
23209:
23207:
23206:
23201:
23196:
23190:
23188:
23184:
23183:
23181:
23180:
23178:Resolution 194
23175:
23170:
23165:
23160:
23155:
23150:
23145:
23140:
23135:
23134:
23133:
23123:
23122:
23121:
23116:
23105:
23103:
23099:
23098:
23096:
23095:
23090:
23085:
23080:
23078:New Historians
23075:
23070:
23065:
23059:
23057:
23053:
23052:
23045:
23044:
23037:
23030:
23022:
23013:
23012:
23010:
23009:
23004:
22999:
22997:
22992:
22990:
22985:
22983:
22978:
22973:
22968:
22966:
22961:
22956:
22951:
22949:
22944:
22942:
22937:
22932:
22927:
22925:
22920:
22915:
22913:
22908:
22905:
22903:
22897:
22896:
22894:
22893:
22888:
22883:
22878:
22873:
22871:
22866:
22861:
22856:
22854:
22849:
22847:
22842:
22837:
22835:
22830:
22825:
22820:
22815:
22810:
22808:
22803:
22798:
22796:
22791:
22786:
22781:
22776:
22771:
22766:
22764:
22759:
22757:
22751:
22749:
22743:
22742:
22740:
22739:
22734:
22732:
22727:
22725:
22720:
22718:
22716:al-Zanghariyya
22713:
22708:
22703:
22701:
22696:
22691:
22689:
22684:
22682:
22677:
22672:
22670:
22665:
22663:
22658:
22656:
22651:
22646:
22641:
22639:
22634:
22629:
22624:
22619:
22617:
22612:
22607:
22605:
22600:
22598:
22593:
22588:
22583:
22581:
22576:
22574:al-Nabi Yusha'
22571:
22566:
22564:
22562:Mughr al-Khayt
22559:
22557:
22552:
22550:
22545:
22540:
22535:
22533:
22528:
22523:
22521:
22516:
22511:
22506:
22501:
22496:
22494:
22489:
22487:
22482:
22477:
22472:
22470:
22468:Khan al-Duwayr
22465:
22463:
22458:
22453:
22448:
22443:
22438:
22433:
22428:
22423:
22418:
22416:
22411:
22409:
22404:
22399:
22394:
22389:
22387:
22382:
22380:al-Dirbashiyya
22377:
22375:
22370:
22365:
22363:
22358:
22353:
22348:
22343:
22338:
22336:
22331:
22329:Arab al-Zubayd
22326:
22321:
22316:
22311:
22306:
22301:
22299:
22293:
22291:
22285:
22284:
22282:
22281:
22276:
22271:
22269:
22264:
22259:
22257:
22252:
22250:
22245:
22240:
22238:
22233:
22231:
22226:
22221:
22219:
22214:
22209:
22204:
22199:
22194:
22189:
22184:
22182:
22177:
22175:
22170:
22165:
22160:
22155:
22153:
22148:
22143:
22141:
22136:
22134:
22129:
22124:
22122:
22117:
22112:
22107:
22105:
22100:
22095:
22093:
22088:
22083:
22078:
22073:
22071:
22066:
22061:
22056:
22054:
22049:
22044:
22042:
22037:
22032:
22030:
22025:
22023:
22018:
22016:
22011:
22009:
22004:
22002:
21997:
21995:
21990:
21985:
21983:
21978:
21973:
21968:
21966:
21961:
21956:
21954:
21949:
21944:
21939:
21937:
21932:
21926:
21924:
21918:
21917:
21915:
21914:
21909:
21904:
21899:
21893:
21891:
21885:
21884:
21882:
21881:
21876:
21871:
21869:
21864:
21862:
21857:
21855:
21850:
21845:
21840:
21835:
21830:
21828:Ras Abu 'Ammar
21825:
21823:
21818:
21813:
21808:
21803:
21801:
21796:
21791:
21786:
21784:
21779:
21777:
21772:
21770:
21765:
21760:
21758:
21753:
21748:
21743:
21738:
21736:Dayr al-Shaykh
21733:
21728:
21726:
21721:
21719:
21714:
21712:
21707:
21705:
21700:
21698:
21693:
21691:
21686:
21684:
21679:
21674:
21669:
21664:
21659:
21657:
21651:
21649:
21643:
21642:
21640:
21639:
21634:
21629:
21624:
21619:
21617:
21612:
21606:
21604:
21598:
21597:
21595:
21594:
21589:
21584:
21579:
21577:
21572:
21567:
21562:
21560:
21555:
21550:
21548:
21543:
21538:
21536:
21531:
21526:
21521:
21516:
21514:
21509:
21507:
21502:
21497:
21492:
21487:
21482:
21477:
21472:
21467:
21461:
21459:
21453:
21452:
21450:
21449:
21444:
21439:
21434:
21429:
21427:
21422:
21417:
21412:
21407:
21405:
21400:
21395:
21393:Deir al-Dubban
21390:
21385:
21380:
21375:
21370:
21368:
21362:
21360:
21354:
21353:
21351:
21350:
21345:
21343:
21338:
21333:
21331:
21326:
21324:
21319:
21317:
21312:
21307:
21302:
21297:
21295:
21290:
21288:
21283:
21281:
21276:
21271:
21266:
21261:
21256:
21251:
21246:
21241:
21236:
21231:
21226:
21224:
21219:
21214:
21212:
21207:
21205:
21200:
21195:
21193:
21188:
21183:
21181:
21176:
21174:
21169:
21164:
21159:
21154:
21149:
21147:
21142:
21140:
21135:
21133:
21128:
21123:
21121:
21116:
21111:
21109:
21107:Barrat Qisarya
21104:
21102:
21097:
21092:
21087:
21082:
21077:
21075:
21070:
21068:
21066:Arab al-Fuqara
21063:
21058:
21052:
21050:
21044:
21043:
21041:
21040:
21035:
21033:Tall al-Turmus
21030:
21025:
21020:
21015:
21013:
21008:
21003:
21001:
20996:
20991:
20989:
20984:
20979:
20974:
20969:
20964:
20959:
20954:
20949:
20944:
20942:
20937:
20932:
20927:
20922:
20920:
20915:
20910:
20905:
20900:
20895:
20890:
20885:
20880:
20875:
20870:
20865:
20860:
20855:
20850:
20848:
20843:
20838:
20833:
20828:
20826:
20821:
20816:
20814:
20809:
20804:
20798:
20796:
20790:
20789:
20787:
20786:
20781:
20776:
20771:
20765:
20763:
20757:
20756:
20754:
20753:
20748:
20746:
20741:
20739:
20734:
20729:
20727:
20722:
20720:
20715:
20710:
20708:
20703:
20698:
20693:
20691:
20686:
20684:
20679:
20674:
20669:
20667:
20662:
20660:
20658:Kawkab al-Hawa
20655:
20650:
20648:
20643:
20638:
20636:
20631:
20629:
20627:al-Ghazzawiyya
20624:
20619:
20617:
20612:
20607:
20602:
20597:
20592:
20590:
20585:
20583:
20581:Arab al-Bawati
20578:
20576:
20574:Arab al-'Arida
20570:
20568:
20562:
20561:
20545:
20544:
20536:
20535:
20527:
20526:
20518:
20517:
20509:
20508:
20500:
20499:
20491:
20490:
20482:
20481:
20473:
20472:
20464:
20463:
20455:
20454:
20446:
20445:
20437:
20436:
20428:
20427:
20419:
20418:
20410:
20409:
20401:
20400:
20392:
20391:
20383:
20382:
20374:
20373:
20365:
20364:
20356:
20355:
20347:
20346:
20338:
20337:
20329:
20328:
20320:
20319:
20311:
20310:
20302:
20301:
20293:
20292:
20284:
20283:
20275:
20274:
20266:
20265:
20257:
20256:
20248:
20247:
20239:
20238:
20230:
20229:
20221:
20220:
20212:
20211:
20203:
20202:
20194:
20193:
20185:
20184:
20176:
20175:
20167:
20166:
20158:
20157:
20149:
20148:
20140:
20139:
20131:
20130:
20122:
20121:
20113:
20112:
20104:
20103:
20095:
20094:
20086:
20085:
20077:
20076:
20068:
20067:
20059:
20058:
20050:
20049:
20041:
20040:
20032:
20031:
20023:
20022:
20014:
20013:
20005:
20004:
19996:
19995:
19987:
19986:
19978:
19977:
19969:
19968:
19960:
19959:
19951:
19950:
19942:
19941:
19933:
19932:
19924:
19923:
19915:
19914:
19906:
19905:
19897:
19896:
19888:
19887:
19879:
19878:
19870:
19869:
19861:
19860:
19852:
19851:
19843:
19842:
19834:
19833:
19825:
19824:
19816:
19815:
19807:
19806:
19798:
19797:
19789:
19788:
19780:
19779:
19771:
19770:
19762:
19761:
19753:
19752:
19744:
19743:
19735:
19734:
19726:
19725:
19717:
19716:
19708:
19707:
19699:
19698:
19690:
19689:
19681:
19680:
19672:
19671:
19663:
19662:
19654:
19653:
19645:
19644:
19636:
19635:
19627:
19626:
19618:
19617:
19609:
19608:
19600:
19599:
19591:
19590:
19582:
19581:
19573:
19572:
19564:
19563:
19555:
19554:
19546:
19545:
19537:
19536:
19528:
19527:
19519:
19518:
19510:
19509:
19501:
19500:
19492:
19491:
19483:
19482:
19474:
19473:
19465:
19464:
19456:
19455:
19447:
19446:
19438:
19437:
19429:
19428:
19420:
19419:
19411:
19410:
19402:
19401:
19393:
19392:
19384:
19383:
19375:
19374:
19366:
19365:
19357:
19356:
19348:
19347:
19339:
19338:
19330:
19329:
19321:
19320:
19312:
19311:
19303:
19302:
19294:
19293:
19285:
19284:
19276:
19275:
19267:
19266:
19258:
19257:
19249:
19248:
19240:
19239:
19231:
19230:
19222:
19221:
19213:
19212:
19204:
19203:
19195:
19194:
19186:
19185:
19177:
19176:
19168:
19167:
19159:
19158:
19150:
19149:
19141:
19140:
19132:
19131:
19123:
19122:
19114:
19113:
19105:
19104:
19096:
19095:
19087:
19086:
19078:
19077:
19069:
19068:
19060:
19059:
19051:
19050:
19042:
19041:
19033:
19032:
19024:
19023:
19015:
19014:
19006:
19005:
18997:
18996:
18988:
18987:
18979:
18978:
18970:
18969:
18961:
18960:
18952:
18951:
18943:
18942:
18934:
18933:
18925:
18924:
18916:
18915:
18907:
18906:
18898:
18897:
18889:
18888:
18880:
18879:
18871:
18870:
18862:
18861:
18853:
18852:
18844:
18843:
18835:
18834:
18826:
18825:
18817:
18816:
18808:
18807:
18799:
18798:
18790:
18789:
18781:
18780:
18772:
18771:
18763:
18762:
18754:
18753:
18745:
18744:
18736:
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18727:
18726:
18718:
18717:
18709:
18708:
18700:
18699:
18691:
18690:
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18681:
18673:
18672:
18664:
18663:
18655:
18654:
18646:
18645:
18637:
18636:
18628:
18627:
18619:
18618:
18610:
18609:
18601:
18600:
18592:
18591:
18583:
18582:
18574:
18573:
18565:
18564:
18556:
18555:
18547:
18546:
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18537:
18529:
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18511:
18510:
18502:
18501:
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18483:
18475:
18474:
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18465:
18457:
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18340:
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17854:
17853:
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17827:
17826:
17818:
17817:
17809:
17808:
17800:
17799:
17791:
17790:
17782:
17781:
17773:
17772:
17764:
17763:
17755:
17754:
17746:
17745:
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17728:
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17710:
17709:
17701:
17700:
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17674:
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17664:
17656:
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17638:
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17602:
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17593:
17592:
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17574:
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17565:
17557:
17556:
17548:
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17539:
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17484:
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17323:
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17314:
17313:
17305:
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17269:
17268:
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17242:
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17233:
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17215:
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17206:
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17188:
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17160:
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17098:
17097:
17089:
17088:
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17071:
17070:
17062:
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17053:
17052:
17044:
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17026:
17025:
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16999:
16998:
16990:
16989:
16981:
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16972:
16971:
16963:
16962:
16954:
16953:
16945:
16944:
16936:
16935:
16927:
16926:
16918:
16917:
16909:
16908:
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16891:
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16873:
16872:
16864:
16863:
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16809:
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16800:
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16791:
16783:
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16774:
16773:
16765:
16764:
16756:
16755:
16747:
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16738:
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16720:
16719:
16711:
16710:
16702:
16701:
16693:
16692:
16684:
16683:
16675:
16674:
16666:
16665:
16657:
16656:
16648:
16647:
16639:
16638:
16630:
16629:
16621:
16620:
16612:
16611:
16603:
16602:
16594:
16593:
16585:
16584:
16576:
16575:
16569:
16568:
16567:
16566:
16565:
16564:
16563:
16562:
16560:
16558:
16557:
16552:
16547:
16542:
16537:
16532:
16527:
16522:
16517:
16512:
16507:
16502:
16497:
16492:
16487:
16482:
16477:
16472:
16467:
16462:
16457:
16452:
16447:
16442:
16437:
16432:
16426:
16424:
16418:
16417:
16406:
16405:
16398:
16391:
16383:
16374:
16373:
16371:
16370:
16364:
16362:
16358:
16357:
16355:
16354:
16349:
16344:
16338:
16336:
16332:
16331:
16329:
16328:
16323:
16318:
16312:
16310:
16306:
16305:
16298:
16297:
16290:
16283:
16275:
16266:
16265:
16262:
16261:
16259:
16258:
16252:
16251:
16250:
16245:
16240:
16235:
16224:
16217:
16215:
16208:
16207:
16205:
16204:
16198:
16192:
16186:
16180:
16174:
16164:
16146:
16136:
16130:
16120:
16114:
16108:
16098:
16092:
16086:
16080:
16070:
16064:
16057:
16055:
16051:
16050:
16048:
16047:
16041:
16035:
16029:
16023:
16017:
15998:
15988:
15978:
15968:
15958:
15952:
15942:
15935:
15933:
15929:
15928:
15926:
15925:
15919:
15913:
15907:
15901:
15895:
15889:
15883:
15877:
15871:
15865:
15859:
15849:
15843:
15837:
15831:
15824:
15822:
15818:
15817:
15812:Diplomacy and
15809:
15808:
15801:
15794:
15786:
15779:
15778:
15775:
15774:
15772:
15771:
15770:
15769:
15761:
15751:
15741:
15733:
15723:
15715:
15707:
15699:
15691:
15683:
15673:
15668:Returning Echo
15663:
15655:
15647:
15639:
15621:
15613:
15603:
15593:
15583:
15575:
15567:
15558:
15556:
15552:
15551:
15549:
15548:
15538:
15533:Accountability
15528:
15516:
15506:
15498:
15490:
15482:
15478:First Intifada
15474:
15464:
15456:
15452:Bus 300 affair
15448:
15440:
15430:
15421:
15419:
15415:
15414:
15412:
15411:
15401:
15393:
15383:
15375:
15367:
15359:
15349:
15341:
15333:
15325:
15321:Yom Kippur War
15317:
15307:
15299:
15291:
15283:
15275:
15266:
15264:
15260:
15259:
15257:
15256:
15248:
15240:
15232:
15224:
15222:
15218:
15217:
15210:
15209:
15202:
15195:
15187:
15180:
15179:
15176:
15175:
15173:
15172:
15167:
15161:
15159:
15155:
15154:
15152:
15151:
15149:United Nations
15146:
15144:European Union
15140:
15138:
15134:
15133:
15131:
15130:
15125:
15120:
15118:United Kingdom
15115:
15110:
15105:
15100:
15095:
15090:
15084:
15082:
15078:
15077:
15074:
15073:
15071:
15070:
15065:
15060:
15055:
15050:
15045:
15040:
15035:
15030:
15025:
15020:
15014:
15012:
15008:
15007:
15005:
15004:
14999:
14994:
14989:
14984:
14979:
14974:
14969:
14964:
14959:
14954:
14952:al-Mourabitoun
14949:
14944:
14939:
14934:
14929:
14924:
14919:
14914:
14909:
14904:
14899:
14894:
14889:
14883:
14881:
14874:
14870:
14869:
14867:
14866:
14857:
14852:
14847:
14842:
14837:
14835:Ba'athist Iraq
14828:
14823:
14814:
14808:
14806:
14800:
14799:
14796:
14795:
14792:
14789:
14785:
14782:
14781:
14774:
14767:
14759:
14752:
14751:
14744:
14743:
14736:
14729:
14721:
14712:
14711:
14709:
14708:
14702:
14696:
14690:
14684:
14678:
14672:
14671:(1931/32–1932)
14666:
14659:
14656:
14655:
14630:
14629:
14622:
14615:
14607:
14598:
14597:
14595:
14594:
14593:(2023–present)
14588:
14582:
14576:
14570:
14564:
14558:
14552:
14549:First Intifada
14546:
14540:
14534:
14528:
14525:Yom Kippur War
14522:
14516:
14510:
14507:War over Water
14504:
14498:
14492:
14485:
14482:
14481:
14474:
14473:
14466:
14459:
14451:
14445:
14444:
14420:
14410:on 3 July 2007
14396:
14387:
14382:
14377:
14363:
14354:
14342:
14334:
14333:External links
14331:
14329:
14328:
14306:
14285:
14271:
14253:
14228:
14227:Routledge 2012
14223:Flint, Colin.
14221:
14194:
14191:
14190:
14189:
14171:
14164:Tripp, Charles
14161:
14142:
14124:
14103:
14094:
14076:Shapira, Anita
14073:
14059:
14038:
14017:
14003:
13996:
13985:
13970:
13956:
13938:
13920:
13897:
13879:
13859:
13839:
13821:
13813:
13803:
13780:
13770:
13763:
13751:Levin, Harry.
13749:
13731:
13724:Landis, Joshua
13721:
13700:
13686:
13679:Krämer, Gudrun
13676:
13658:
13638:Khalidi, Walid
13635:
13617:
13596:
13589:
13571:
13564:
13553:
13548:
13532:
13515:
13496:
13475:
13455:
13425:
13414:
13396:
13378:
13367:
13346:
13328:
13325:Pantheon Books
13314:
13292:
13272:Collins, Larry
13269:
13246:
13232:
13214:Bregman, Ahron
13211:
13190:
13171:
13153:
13135:
13114:
13089:
13068:
13051:
13033:
13021:
13018:
13017:
13016:
12999:Lorch, Netanel
12996:
12982:
12950:
12936:Dunkelman, Ben
12931:
12928:
12927:
12925:
12922:
12919:
12918:
12888:
12881:
12861:
12841:
12814:(2): 144–150.
12794:
12779:
12761:
12730:(4): 425–432.
12710:
12695:
12675:
12668:
12646:
12631:
12613:
12551:
12536:
12511:
12496:
12461:
12446:
12428:
12393:(3): 287–304.
12345:
12333:
12318:
12305:
12286:
12271:
12257:
12231:
12220:
12202:
12173:
12144:
12118:
12102:
12089:
12066:
12055:
12035:
12024:
12004:
11994:
11974:
11955:
11935:
11909:
11900:
11873:(5): 752–776.
11853:
11806:
11799:
11771:
11745:
11736:
11727:
11714:
11698:
11689:
11646:
11639:
11613:
11594:
11574:
11555:
11535:
11526:
11503:
11483:
11479:Shlomo Ben-Ami
11471:
11445:
11438:
11418:
11383:
11374:
11357:
11335:
11310:
11284:
11246:
11207:
11199:J. Bowyer Bell
11191:
11178:
11166:
11147:
11140:
11114:
11091:
11084:
11064:
11052:
11043:
11030:
11002:
10993:
10972:
10970:
10969:
10966:
10963:
10934:
10908:
10899:
10892:
10872:Jihan El-Tahri
10859:
10847:
10823:
10792:
10778:
10764:
10731:
10722:
10713:
10704:
10695:
10665:
10656:
10644:
10625:
10599:
10592:
10572:
10565:
10541:
10529:
10520:
10504:
10486:
10467:
10458:
10438:
10420:
10400:
10391:
10379:
10354:
10342:
10330:
10304:
10295:
10286:
10277:
10268:
10251:
10239:
10230:
10192:
10180:
10156:
10130:
10126:Palestine 1948
10114:
10095:
10072:
10054:
10034:
10025:
10023:Gelber, p. 239
10016:
10014:Gelber, p. 203
10007:
10005:Gelber, p. 200
9998:
9989:
9968:
9959:
9950:
9941:
9931:
9911:
9902:
9893:
9884:
9860:
9845:
9827:
9815:
9806:
9797:
9785:
9769:
9756:
9726:
9711:
9699:
9690:
9671:
9651:
9642:
9612:
9603:
9597:Laffin, John:
9590:
9559:
9550:
9537:
9524:
9511:
9492:
9472:
9426:
9417:
9408:
9396:
9387:
9362:
9353:
9344:
9335:
9319:
9310:
9301:
9292:
9265:(6): 775–799.
9246:
9239:
9209:
9132:
9123:
9114:
9101:
9094:
9074:
9065:
9053:
9028:
9016:
9007:
8998:
8986:
8964:
8948:
8932:
8920:
8911:
8902:
8893:
8880:
8864:Josh Ruebner,
8857:
8824:
8811:
8799:
8780:
8760:
8744:
8722:
8693:
8684:
8675:
8666:
8649:
8603:
8589:
8572:
8563:
8532:
8507:
8477:
8468:
8452:
8443:
8423:
8414:
8405:
8396:
8387:
8378:
8369:
8360:
8337:
8317:
8304:
8295:
8286:
8277:
8268:
8259:
8250:
8241:
8232:
8223:
8204:
8184:
8175:
8160:
8145:
8123:
8110:
8098:
8084:
8064:Hacohen, Dvora
8055:
7991:
7982:
7973:
7960:
7940:
7931:
7901:
7881:
7862:
7819:
7806:
7756:
7747:
7735:
7728:
7705:
7657:
7638:
7618:
7599:
7570:
7558:
7549:
7532:
7502:
7493:
7484:
7468:
7433:
7429:Palestine Post
7420:
7419:
7417:
7414:
7411:
7410:
7401:
7391:
7390:
7387:
7386:
7377:
7367:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7360:
7359:
7354:
7349:
7342:
7339:
7338:
7337:
7328:
7317:
7314:
7299:Michael Walzer
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7255:
7252:
7243:Rashid Khalidi
7207:Ma'na an-Nakba
7192:
7189:
7142:Daniel Gutwein
7110:
7107:
7091:Shabtai Teveth
7078:New Historians
7044:New Historians
7039:
7038:New Historians
7036:
7017:
7014:
7008:
7005:
6945:
6944:Historiography
6942:
6886:Main article:
6883:
6880:
6833:Arabs remained
6798:
6797:
6795:
6794:
6787:
6780:
6772:
6769:
6768:
6765:
6764:
6759:
6753:
6749:
6748:
6747:
6744:
6743:
6740:
6739:
6738:
6737:
6727:
6721:
6717:
6716:
6715:
6712:
6711:
6708:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6676:
6672:
6671:
6670:
6667:
6666:
6663:
6662:
6657:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6622:
6617:
6615:Rashid Khalidi
6612:
6607:
6602:
6596:
6592:
6591:
6590:
6587:
6586:
6583:
6582:
6581:
6580:
6570:
6568:New Historians
6565:
6559:
6555:
6554:
6553:
6550:
6549:
6546:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6534:
6533:
6523:
6518:
6517:
6516:
6506:
6505:
6504:
6493:
6487:
6486:
6485:
6482:
6481:
6478:
6477:
6476:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6455:
6454:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6427:
6426:
6425:
6416:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6399:
6398:
6397:
6391:
6387:
6386:
6385:
6382:
6381:
6375:
6374:
6370:
6369:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6307:
6304:
6288:East Jerusalem
6265:West Jerusalem
6257:Jezreel Valley
6217:
6203:
6181: Planned
6173:
6163:
6157:
6137:Main article:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6118:Benjamin Kedar
6106:Main article:
6103:
6100:
6097:
6096:
6062:Mills grenades
6055:
6038:
6034:
6033:
6012:
5991:
5987:
5986:
5970:
5949:
5945:
5944:
5942:M5 Half-tracks
5934:M3 Half-tracks
5918:
5900:
5890:
5889:
5879:Cromwell tanks
5876:
5835:
5831:
5830:
5827:
5824:
5811:
5808:
5799:Resolution 194
5790:
5787:
5687:Hatzor Airbase
5629:
5626:
5602:Operation Uvda
5540:Golani Brigade
5423:Operation Yoav
5389:Operation Yoav
5362:Operation Yoav
5356:IDF forces in
5348:, October 1948
5337:
5334:
5256:, October 1948
5239:
5236:
5223:
5220:
5179:Main article:
5176:
5173:
5096:
5093:
5088:
5085:
5081:Sea of Galilee
5058:
5055:
5021:Yehuda Lapidot
5010:David Shaltiel
4973:
4970:
4966:Cromwell tanks
4824:
4821:
4767:Givati Brigade
4748:
4747:Southern front
4745:
4720:
4717:
4707:
4706:
4703:
4700:
4652:
4649:
4606:
4605:
4602:
4598:
4597:
4594:
4590:
4589:
4586:
4582:
4581:
4578:
4574:
4573:
4570:
4566:
4565:
4562:
4558:
4557:
4554:
4550:
4549:
4546:
4536:
4535:Reinforcements
4533:
4527:
4524:
4501:Resolution 181
4433:
4430:
4391:US Coast Guard
4351:
4348:
4344:Czechoslovakia
4307:Ekron Airfield
4263:Czechoslovakia
4156:was formed at
4130:
4129:
4084:This section
4083:
4081:
4074:
4048:
4047:Air operations
4045:
4007:
4004:
3938:Sha'ar HaGolan
3922:Sha'ar HaGolan
3910:Sea of Galilee
3869:
3866:
3773:
3770:
3745:The same day,
3723:Jewish Quarter
3716:West Jerusalem
3681:Michael Fekete
3666:
3663:
3659:
3658:
3652:
3645:
3643:
3629:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3575:
3574:
3571:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3535:
3503:
3500:
3438:Givati Brigade
3364:
3361:
3294:regular armies
3220:
3217:
3212:
3209:
3185:Operation Yoav
3179:to invade the
3127:6-pounder guns
3081:
3080:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3063:
3062:
3061:Military Zone
3056:
3053:
3050:
3046:
3045:
3044:Support force
3042:
3039:
3036:
3032:
3031:
3030:Military Zone
3025:
3022:
3019:
3015:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3005:
2986:
2983:
2979:Czechoslovakia
2930:
2927:
2888:Samson's Foxes
2870:Cromwell tanks
2863:Cromwell tanks
2783:
2782:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2747:
2744:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2723:
2720:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2699:
2697:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2672:
2670:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2653:
2651:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2622:
2620:
2618:David Shaltiel
2615:
2609:
2608:
2595:
2592:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2549:
2546:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2522:
2519:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2435:Czechoslovakia
2426:
2423:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2350:
2347:
2322:
2319:
2259:
2256:
2243:Alec Kirkbride
2239:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2186:
2183:
2136:, or Plan D, (
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2083:
2080:
2014:
2011:
1987:Mills grenades
1983:arms producing
1978:
1975:
1952:Czechoslovakia
1940:Czechoslovakia
1899:
1898:Importing arms
1896:
1887:
1884:
1798:Mishmar HaEmek
1617:Main article:
1614:
1611:
1568:East Jerusalem
1564:West Jerusalem
1406:
1405:
1403:
1402:
1400:Cast Thy Bread
1390:
1389:
1387:Arab al-Mawasi
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1342:
1341:
1334:
1321:
1320:
1313:
1306:
1299:
1292:
1287:
1285:Kinarot Valley
1279:Northern front
1276:
1275:
1268:
1261:
1254:
1247:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1233:
1221:
1216:
1209:
1204:
1197:
1186:
1185:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1144:
1137:
1130:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1094:
1087:
1080:
1073:
1068:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1027:Southern front
1025:
1022:
1021:
1010:
1009:
1002:
995:
987:
979:
978:
965:
961:
960:
956:
955:
914:: 7,500–10,000
904:
895:
894:
890:
889:
754:
708:David Shaltiel
638:Yisrael Galili
616:
615:
611:
610:
597:
596:
571:
570:
555:
542:
529:
517:
502:
489:
488:
487:
486:
485:
426:
417:
416:
415:
414:
385:
384:
377:
367:
356:
355:
354:
353:
343:
333:
320:
319:
266:
265:
261:
260:
257:
256:
234:
228:
227:
226:
225:
224:
223:
217:
209:
208:
207:
195:
194:
193:
182:
178:
177:
170:
168:
164:
163:
158:
150:
149:
147:
146:
140:
134:
127:
113:
98:
97:
89:
88:
87:
78:
77:
69:
68:
67:
66:
65:
62:
61:
50:
49:
43:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
26594:
26583:
26580:
26578:
26575:
26573:
26570:
26568:
26565:
26563:
26562:1948 in Syria
26560:
26558:
26557:1948 in Egypt
26555:
26553:
26550:
26548:
26545:
26543:
26540:
26539:
26537:
26524:
26523:
26512:
26506:
26503:
26501:
26498:
26496:
26493:
26491:
26488:
26486:
26483:
26481:
26478:
26476:
26473:
26472:
26470:
26466:
26460:
26457:
26455:
26452:
26450:
26447:
26445:
26442:
26440:
26437:
26435:
26432:
26430:
26427:
26425:
26422:
26420:
26417:
26415:
26412:
26410:
26407:
26405:
26402:
26400:
26397:
26395:
26392:
26390:
26387:
26383:
26382:Moshe Marzouk
26380:
26378:
26375:
26374:
26373:
26370:
26368:
26365:
26364:
26362:
26358:
26352:
26349:
26347:
26344:
26340:
26337:
26336:
26335:
26332:
26330:
26327:
26323:
26320:
26319:
26318:
26315:
26313:
26310:
26308:
26305:
26304:
26302:
26298:
26292:
26289:
26287:
26284:
26282:
26279:
26277:
26274:
26272:
26269:
26267:
26264:
26260:
26257:
26255:
26252:
26251:
26249:
26247:
26244:
26243:
26241:
26237:
26231:
26228:
26226:
26223:
26222:
26220:
26216:
26210:
26205:
26200:
26191:
26186:
26184:
26179:
26177:
26172:
26171:
26168:
26156:
26153:
26151:
26148:
26146:
26143:
26142:
26139:
26133:
26130:
26128:
26125:
26123:
26120:
26118:
26117:War on terror
26115:
26113:
26110:
26108:
26105:
26103:
26100:
26098:
26095:
26094:
26092:
26088:
26082:
26079:
26077:
26074:
26072:
26069:
26067:
26064:
26062:
26059:
26057:
26054:
26052:
26049:
26047:
26044:
26042:
26039:
26037:
26034:
26032:
26029:
26027:
26024:
26022:
26019:
26018:
26016:
26012:Espionage and
26010:
26004:
26001:
25999:
25996:
25994:
25991:
25989:
25986:
25984:
25981:
25979:
25976:
25974:
25971:
25969:
25966:
25964:
25963:Andrew Thorpe
25961:
25959:
25956:
25954:
25951:
25949:
25946:
25944:
25941:
25939:
25936:
25934:
25931:
25929:
25926:
25924:
25921:
25919:
25916:
25914:
25911:
25909:
25906:
25904:
25901:
25899:
25896:
25894:
25891:
25889:
25886:
25884:
25881:
25879:
25876:
25874:
25871:
25869:
25866:
25864:
25861:
25859:
25858:Gabriel Kolko
25856:
25854:
25851:
25849:
25846:
25844:
25841:
25839:
25836:
25834:
25831:
25829:
25826:
25824:
25823:Fred Halliday
25821:
25819:
25816:
25814:
25811:
25809:
25808:Lloyd Gardner
25806:
25804:
25801:
25799:
25796:
25794:
25791:
25789:
25786:
25784:
25781:
25779:
25776:
25774:
25771:
25769:
25768:Norman Davies
25766:
25764:
25761:
25759:
25756:
25754:
25753:John Costello
25751:
25749:
25746:
25744:
25741:
25739:
25736:
25734:
25731:
25729:
25726:
25724:
25721:
25720:
25718:
25714:
25708:
25705:
25703:
25700:
25698:
25695:
25694:
25692:
25688:Technological
25686:
25676:
25673:
25671:
25668:
25667:
25664:
25661:
25659:
25658:
25654:
25652:
25649:
25647:
25646:
25642:
25641:
25639:
25635:
25629:
25628:
25624:
25622:
25619:
25617:
25616:
25612:
25610:
25609:
25605:
25603:
25600:
25598:
25597:
25593:
25591:
25590:
25586:
25584:
25583:
25579:
25577:
25574:
25573:
25571:
25569:Pro-communist
25567:
25564:
25560:
25554:
25551:
25549:
25546:
25544:
25541:
25539:
25536:
25534:
25531:
25529:
25526:
25524:
25521:
25519:
25516:
25514:
25511:
25509:
25506:
25504:
25501:
25500:
25498:
25496:Organizations
25494:
25484:
25481:
25479:
25476:
25474:
25471:
25469:
25466:
25464:
25461:
25459:
25456:
25454:
25451:
25449:
25446:
25444:
25441:
25439:
25436:
25434:
25431:
25429:
25426:
25424:
25421:
25419:
25416:
25414:
25411:
25409:
25406:
25404:
25401:
25399:
25396:
25394:
25391:
25389:
25386:
25384:
25381:
25379:
25376:
25374:
25371:
25369:
25366:
25365:
25363:
25359:
25353:
25350:
25348:
25345:
25343:
25340:
25338:
25335:
25333:
25330:
25328:
25327:
25323:
25321:
25318:
25316:
25313:
25311:
25310:Eurocommunism
25308:
25306:
25303:
25301:
25298:
25296:
25293:
25292:
25290:
25288:
25284:
25278:
25275:
25273:
25270:
25268:
25265:
25263:
25260:
25258:
25255:
25253:
25250:
25248:
25245:
25241:
25238:
25237:
25236:
25233:
25231:
25228:
25226:
25223:
25222:
25220:
25218:
25214:
25211:
25207:
25201:
25198:
25196:
25193:
25191:
25188:
25186:
25183:
25181:
25178:
25176:
25173:
25171:
25168:
25166:
25163:
25161:
25158:
25156:
25153:
25151:
25148:
25146:
25143:
25141:
25140:Domino theory
25138:
25136:
25133:
25131:
25128:
25126:
25123:
25122:
25120:
25116:
25110:
25107:
25105:
25102:
25100:
25097:
25095:
25094:South Ossetia
25092:
25090:
25087:
25085:
25082:
25080:
25077:
25075:
25072:
25071:
25069:
25067:
25063:
25057:
25054:
25050:
25047:
25046:
25045:
25042:
25040:
25037:
25035:
25032:
25030:
25027:
25025:
25022:
25020:
25017:
25015:
25012:
25010:
25007:
25005:
25002:
25001:
24999:
24995:
24989:
24986:
24984:
24981:
24979:
24976:
24974:
24971:
24969:
24966:
24964:
24961:
24959:
24956:
24954:
24951:
24949:
24946:
24944:
24941:
24939:
24936:
24934:
24931:
24929:
24926:
24924:
24921:
24919:
24916:
24914:
24911:
24909:
24906:
24904:
24901:
24899:
24896:
24894:
24891:
24888:
24884:
24881:
24879:
24878:8888 Uprising
24876:
24874:
24871:
24869:
24866:
24864:
24861:
24859:
24856:
24854:
24851:
24849:
24846:
24844:
24841:
24839:
24836:
24834:
24831:
24829:
24826:
24824:
24823:Iran–Iraq War
24821:
24819:
24816:
24814:
24811:
24809:
24806:
24804:
24801:
24799:
24796:
24794:
24791:
24789:
24788:Falklands War
24786:
24784:
24781:
24779:
24776:
24774:
24771:
24769:
24766:
24764:
24761:
24759:
24756:
24752:
24749:
24748:
24747:
24744:
24742:
24739:
24737:
24734:
24732:
24728:
24725:
24723:
24720:
24718:
24715:
24714:
24712:
24708:
24702:
24699:
24697:
24694:
24692:
24689:
24687:
24684:
24682:
24679:
24677:
24674:
24672:
24669:
24667:
24664:
24662:
24659:
24657:
24654:
24652:
24651:NDF Rebellion
24649:
24647:
24644:
24642:
24639:
24637:
24634:
24632:
24631:German Autumn
24629:
24627:
24624:
24622:
24619:
24617:
24614:
24612:
24611:
24606:
24604:
24601:
24599:
24596:
24594:
24591:
24589:
24586:
24584:
24581:
24579:
24576:
24574:
24571:
24569:
24566:
24564:
24561:
24559:
24556:
24554:
24551:
24549:
24546:
24544:
24541:
24539:
24536:
24534:
24531:
24529:
24526:
24524:
24521:
24519:
24518:Metapolitefsi
24516:
24514:
24511:
24509:
24506:
24504:
24501:
24499:
24496:
24494:
24491:
24489:
24486:
24484:
24481:
24479:
24476:
24474:
24471:
24469:
24466:
24464:
24461:
24459:
24456:
24454:
24451:
24449:
24446:
24444:
24441:
24439:
24436:
24434:
24431:
24429:
24426:
24424:
24421:
24419:
24416:
24414:
24413:
24409:
24407:
24404:
24402:
24399:
24397:
24394:
24392:
24389:
24387:
24384:
24382:
24379:
24377:
24374:
24372:
24369:
24367:
24364:
24362:
24359:
24358:
24356:
24352:
24346:
24343:
24341:
24338:
24336:
24333:
24331:
24328:
24326:
24323:
24319:
24316:
24315:
24314:
24311:
24309:
24306:
24304:
24301:
24299:
24296:
24294:
24291:
24289:
24287:
24282:
24280:
24279:Prague Spring
24277:
24273:
24270:
24269:
24268:
24265:
24263:
24260:
24258:
24257:Al-Wadiah War
24255:
24253:
24250:
24248:
24245:
24243:
24240:
24238:
24235:
24233:
24230:
24228:
24225:
24223:
24222:12-3 incident
24220:
24218:
24215:
24213:
24210:
24208:
24205:
24203:
24200:
24198:
24195:
24193:
24190:
24188:
24185:
24183:
24180:
24178:
24175:
24173:
24170:
24168:
24165:
24163:
24160:
24158:
24155:
24151:
24148:
24147:
24146:
24143:
24141:
24138:
24136:
24133:
24131:
24128:
24126:
24123:
24121:
24118:
24116:
24113:
24111:
24108:
24106:
24103:
24101:
24098:
24096:
24093:
24091:
24088:
24086:
24083:
24079:
24076:
24074:
24071:
24069:
24066:
24065:
24064:
24061:
24059:
24056:
24054:
24051:
24049:
24046:
24044:
24041:
24039:
24036:
24034:
24031:
24027:
24024:
24023:
24022:
24019:
24015:
24012:
24011:
24010:
24007:
24005:
24002:
24000:
23997:
23995:
23992:
23990:
23987:
23985:
23982:
23981:
23979:
23975:
23969:
23966:
23962:
23959:
23958:
23957:
23954:
23952:
23949:
23947:
23944:
23942:
23939:
23937:
23934:
23932:
23929:
23927:
23924:
23922:
23919:
23917:
23914:
23912:
23909:
23907:
23904:
23902:
23901:
23896:
23893:
23889:
23887:
23884:
23882:
23879:
23877:
23874:
23872:
23869:
23866:
23862:
23860:
23857:
23855:
23852:
23850:
23847:
23845:
23842:
23840:
23837:
23835:
23832:
23830:
23827:
23825:
23822:
23820:
23819:
23814:
23812:
23809:
23807:
23804:
23802:
23801:Domino theory
23799:
23797:
23796:Petrov Affair
23794:
23792:
23789:
23787:
23784:
23782:
23779:
23777:
23774:
23772:
23769:
23767:
23764:
23762:
23759:
23757:
23754:
23752:
23749:
23747:
23744:
23742:
23739:
23737:
23734:
23733:
23731:
23727:
23721:
23718:
23716:
23713:
23711:
23708:
23704:
23701:
23700:
23699:
23696:
23694:
23691:
23689:
23686:
23684:
23681:
23679:
23676:
23674:
23673:Madiun Affair
23671:
23669:
23666:
23664:
23661:
23659:
23656:
23654:
23651:
23649:
23646:
23644:
23641:
23639:
23636:
23634:
23633:Marshall Plan
23631:
23627:
23624:
23622:
23619:
23617:
23614:
23613:
23612:
23609:
23607:
23604:
23602:
23599:
23597:
23594:
23592:
23589:
23587:
23584:
23582:
23579:
23577:
23574:
23572:
23569:
23567:
23564:
23562:
23559:
23557:
23554:
23552:
23549:
23547:
23544:
23542:
23541:
23536:
23534:
23533:
23528:
23526:
23525:
23520:
23518:
23515:
23513:
23510:
23508:
23505:
23503:
23502:
23497:
23495:
23492:
23488:
23485:
23483:
23482:
23477:
23475:
23474:
23469:
23468:
23467:
23464:
23462:
23459:
23457:
23454:
23452:
23449:
23447:
23444:
23443:
23441:
23437:
23431:
23428:
23426:
23423:
23421:
23418:
23416:
23413:
23411:
23408:
23406:
23403:
23401:
23398:
23396:
23393:
23391:
23390:
23386:
23384:
23383:
23382:United States
23379:
23378:
23375:
23371:
23364:
23359:
23357:
23352:
23350:
23345:
23344:
23341:
23331:
23326:
23320:
23317:
23315:
23312:
23310:
23307:
23305:
23302:
23301:
23299:
23295:
23289:
23286:
23285:
23283:
23279:
23273:
23272:
23268:
23266:
23263:
23261:
23258:
23256:
23253:
23251:
23248:
23246:
23243:
23241:
23238:
23236:
23235:Walid Khalidi
23233:
23231:
23228:
23226:
23223:
23221:
23218:
23217:
23215:
23211:
23205:
23202:
23200:
23197:
23195:
23192:
23191:
23189:
23187:Key incidents
23185:
23179:
23176:
23174:
23171:
23169:
23166:
23164:
23161:
23159:
23156:
23154:
23151:
23149:
23146:
23144:
23141:
23139:
23136:
23132:
23129:
23128:
23127:
23124:
23120:
23117:
23115:
23112:
23111:
23110:
23107:
23106:
23104:
23102:Main articles
23100:
23094:
23091:
23089:
23086:
23084:
23081:
23079:
23076:
23074:
23071:
23069:
23066:
23064:
23061:
23060:
23058:
23054:
23050:
23043:
23038:
23036:
23031:
23029:
23024:
23023:
23020:
23008:
23005:
23003:
23000:
22998:
22996:
22993:
22991:
22989:
22986:
22984:
22982:
22979:
22977:
22974:
22972:
22969:
22967:
22965:
22962:
22960:
22957:
22955:
22952:
22950:
22948:
22945:
22943:
22941:
22938:
22936:
22933:
22931:
22928:
22926:
22924:
22921:
22919:
22916:
22914:
22912:
22909:
22907:
22906:
22904:
22902:
22898:
22892:
22889:
22887:
22884:
22882:
22879:
22877:
22876:al-'Ubaydiyya
22874:
22872:
22870:
22867:
22865:
22862:
22860:
22857:
22855:
22853:
22850:
22848:
22846:
22843:
22841:
22838:
22836:
22834:
22831:
22829:
22826:
22824:
22821:
22819:
22816:
22814:
22811:
22809:
22807:
22804:
22802:
22799:
22797:
22795:
22792:
22790:
22787:
22785:
22782:
22780:
22777:
22775:
22772:
22770:
22767:
22765:
22763:
22762:al-Dalhamiyya
22760:
22758:
22756:
22753:
22752:
22750:
22748:
22744:
22738:
22735:
22733:
22731:
22728:
22726:
22724:
22721:
22719:
22717:
22714:
22712:
22709:
22707:
22704:
22702:
22700:
22697:
22695:
22694:al-'Urayfiyya
22692:
22690:
22688:
22687:al-'Ulmaniyya
22685:
22683:
22681:
22678:
22676:
22673:
22671:
22669:
22666:
22664:
22662:
22659:
22657:
22655:
22652:
22650:
22649:al-Sanbariyya
22647:
22645:
22642:
22640:
22638:
22635:
22633:
22630:
22628:
22625:
22623:
22620:
22618:
22616:
22613:
22611:
22610:al-Qudayriyya
22608:
22606:
22604:
22601:
22599:
22597:
22594:
22592:
22589:
22587:
22584:
22582:
22580:
22577:
22575:
22572:
22570:
22567:
22565:
22563:
22560:
22558:
22556:
22555:al-Muftakhira
22553:
22551:
22549:
22546:
22544:
22541:
22539:
22536:
22534:
22532:
22529:
22527:
22524:
22522:
22520:
22517:
22515:
22512:
22510:
22507:
22505:
22502:
22500:
22497:
22495:
22493:
22490:
22488:
22486:
22483:
22481:
22478:
22476:
22473:
22471:
22469:
22466:
22464:
22462:
22459:
22457:
22454:
22452:
22449:
22447:
22444:
22442:
22439:
22437:
22436:al-Husayniyya
22434:
22432:
22429:
22427:
22424:
22422:
22419:
22417:
22415:
22412:
22410:
22408:
22405:
22403:
22400:
22398:
22397:al-Farradiyya
22395:
22393:
22390:
22388:
22386:
22383:
22381:
22378:
22376:
22374:
22371:
22369:
22366:
22364:
22362:
22359:
22357:
22356:al-Buwayziyya
22354:
22352:
22349:
22347:
22344:
22342:
22339:
22337:
22335:
22334:Ayn al-Zaytun
22332:
22330:
22327:
22325:
22322:
22320:
22317:
22315:
22312:
22310:
22307:
22305:
22302:
22300:
22298:
22295:
22294:
22292:
22290:
22286:
22280:
22277:
22275:
22272:
22270:
22268:
22265:
22263:
22260:
22258:
22256:
22253:
22251:
22249:
22246:
22244:
22241:
22239:
22237:
22234:
22232:
22230:
22227:
22225:
22222:
22220:
22218:
22215:
22213:
22210:
22208:
22205:
22203:
22200:
22198:
22195:
22193:
22190:
22188:
22185:
22183:
22181:
22178:
22176:
22174:
22171:
22169:
22166:
22164:
22163:al-Nabi Rubin
22161:
22159:
22156:
22154:
22152:
22149:
22147:
22144:
22142:
22140:
22137:
22135:
22133:
22130:
22128:
22125:
22123:
22121:
22118:
22116:
22113:
22111:
22108:
22106:
22104:
22101:
22099:
22096:
22094:
22092:
22089:
22087:
22084:
22082:
22079:
22077:
22074:
22072:
22070:
22067:
22065:
22062:
22060:
22059:al-Duhayriyya
22057:
22055:
22053:
22050:
22048:
22047:Dayr Muhaysin
22045:
22043:
22041:
22038:
22036:
22033:
22031:
22029:
22026:
22024:
22022:
22019:
22017:
22015:
22012:
22010:
22008:
22005:
22003:
22001:
21998:
21996:
21994:
21991:
21989:
21986:
21984:
21982:
21979:
21977:
21974:
21972:
21969:
21967:
21965:
21962:
21960:
21957:
21955:
21953:
21950:
21948:
21945:
21943:
21940:
21938:
21936:
21933:
21931:
21928:
21927:
21925:
21923:
21919:
21913:
21910:
21908:
21905:
21903:
21900:
21898:
21895:
21894:
21892:
21890:
21886:
21880:
21877:
21875:
21872:
21870:
21868:
21865:
21863:
21861:
21858:
21856:
21854:
21851:
21849:
21846:
21844:
21841:
21839:
21836:
21834:
21831:
21829:
21826:
21824:
21822:
21819:
21817:
21814:
21812:
21809:
21807:
21804:
21802:
21800:
21797:
21795:
21792:
21790:
21787:
21785:
21783:
21780:
21778:
21776:
21773:
21771:
21769:
21766:
21764:
21761:
21759:
21757:
21754:
21752:
21749:
21747:
21744:
21742:
21739:
21737:
21734:
21732:
21729:
21727:
21725:
21722:
21720:
21718:
21715:
21713:
21711:
21708:
21706:
21704:
21701:
21699:
21697:
21694:
21692:
21690:
21687:
21685:
21683:
21680:
21678:
21675:
21673:
21670:
21668:
21665:
21663:
21660:
21658:
21656:
21653:
21652:
21650:
21648:
21644:
21638:
21635:
21633:
21630:
21628:
21625:
21623:
21620:
21618:
21616:
21613:
21611:
21608:
21607:
21605:
21603:
21599:
21593:
21590:
21588:
21585:
21583:
21580:
21578:
21576:
21573:
21571:
21568:
21566:
21563:
21561:
21559:
21556:
21554:
21551:
21549:
21547:
21544:
21542:
21541:al-Mas'udiyya
21539:
21537:
21535:
21532:
21530:
21527:
21525:
21522:
21520:
21517:
21515:
21513:
21510:
21508:
21506:
21503:
21501:
21498:
21496:
21493:
21491:
21488:
21486:
21483:
21481:
21478:
21476:
21473:
21471:
21468:
21466:
21465:al-'Abbasiyya
21463:
21462:
21460:
21458:
21454:
21448:
21445:
21443:
21440:
21438:
21435:
21433:
21430:
21428:
21426:
21423:
21421:
21418:
21416:
21413:
21411:
21408:
21406:
21404:
21401:
21399:
21398:Dayr Nakhkhas
21396:
21394:
21391:
21389:
21386:
21384:
21381:
21379:
21376:
21374:
21371:
21369:
21367:
21364:
21363:
21361:
21359:
21355:
21349:
21346:
21344:
21342:
21339:
21337:
21334:
21332:
21330:
21327:
21325:
21323:
21322:Umm ash Shauf
21320:
21318:
21316:
21313:
21311:
21308:
21306:
21303:
21301:
21298:
21296:
21294:
21291:
21289:
21287:
21284:
21282:
21280:
21277:
21275:
21272:
21270:
21267:
21265:
21262:
21260:
21257:
21255:
21252:
21250:
21247:
21245:
21242:
21240:
21237:
21235:
21232:
21230:
21227:
21225:
21223:
21220:
21218:
21215:
21213:
21211:
21208:
21206:
21204:
21201:
21199:
21196:
21194:
21192:
21189:
21187:
21184:
21182:
21180:
21177:
21175:
21173:
21170:
21168:
21165:
21163:
21160:
21158:
21155:
21153:
21150:
21148:
21146:
21143:
21141:
21139:
21136:
21134:
21132:
21129:
21127:
21124:
21122:
21120:
21117:
21115:
21112:
21110:
21108:
21105:
21103:
21101:
21098:
21096:
21093:
21091:
21088:
21086:
21083:
21081:
21078:
21076:
21074:
21071:
21069:
21067:
21064:
21062:
21059:
21057:
21054:
21053:
21051:
21049:
21045:
21039:
21036:
21034:
21031:
21029:
21026:
21024:
21021:
21019:
21016:
21014:
21012:
21009:
21007:
21004:
21002:
21000:
20997:
20995:
20992:
20990:
20988:
20985:
20983:
20980:
20978:
20975:
20973:
20970:
20968:
20965:
20963:
20960:
20958:
20955:
20953:
20950:
20948:
20945:
20943:
20941:
20938:
20936:
20933:
20931:
20928:
20926:
20923:
20921:
20919:
20916:
20914:
20913:Iraq Suwaydan
20911:
20909:
20906:
20904:
20901:
20899:
20896:
20894:
20891:
20889:
20886:
20884:
20881:
20879:
20876:
20874:
20871:
20869:
20866:
20864:
20861:
20859:
20856:
20854:
20851:
20849:
20847:
20844:
20842:
20839:
20837:
20834:
20832:
20829:
20827:
20825:
20822:
20820:
20817:
20815:
20813:
20810:
20808:
20805:
20803:
20800:
20799:
20797:
20795:
20791:
20785:
20784:Auja al-Hafir
20782:
20780:
20777:
20775:
20772:
20770:
20767:
20766:
20764:
20762:
20758:
20752:
20749:
20747:
20745:
20742:
20740:
20738:
20735:
20733:
20730:
20728:
20726:
20723:
20721:
20719:
20716:
20714:
20711:
20709:
20707:
20706:Tall al-Shawk
20704:
20702:
20699:
20697:
20694:
20692:
20690:
20687:
20685:
20683:
20680:
20678:
20675:
20673:
20672:Masil al-Jizl
20670:
20668:
20666:
20663:
20661:
20659:
20656:
20654:
20651:
20649:
20647:
20644:
20642:
20639:
20637:
20635:
20632:
20630:
20628:
20625:
20623:
20620:
20618:
20616:
20613:
20611:
20608:
20606:
20603:
20601:
20598:
20596:
20595:al-Ashrafiyya
20593:
20591:
20589:
20586:
20584:
20582:
20579:
20577:
20575:
20572:
20571:
20569:
20567:
20563:
20549:
20540:
20531:
20522:
20513:
20504:
20495:
20486:
20477:
20468:
20459:
20450:
20441:
20432:
20423:
20414:
20405:
20396:
20387:
20378:
20369:
20360:
20351:
20342:
20333:
20324:
20315:
20306:
20297:
20288:
20279:
20270:
20261:
20252:
20243:
20234:
20225:
20216:
20207:
20198:
20189:
20180:
20171:
20162:
20153:
20144:
20135:
20126:
20117:
20108:
20099:
20090:
20081:
20072:
20063:
20054:
20045:
20036:
20027:
20018:
20009:
20000:
19991:
19982:
19973:
19964:
19955:
19946:
19937:
19928:
19919:
19910:
19901:
19892:
19883:
19874:
19865:
19856:
19847:
19838:
19829:
19820:
19811:
19802:
19793:
19784:
19775:
19766:
19757:
19748:
19739:
19730:
19721:
19712:
19703:
19694:
19685:
19676:
19667:
19658:
19649:
19640:
19631:
19622:
19613:
19604:
19595:
19586:
19577:
19568:
19559:
19550:
19541:
19532:
19523:
19514:
19505:
19496:
19487:
19478:
19469:
19460:
19451:
19442:
19433:
19424:
19415:
19406:
19397:
19388:
19379:
19370:
19361:
19352:
19343:
19334:
19325:
19316:
19307:
19298:
19289:
19280:
19271:
19262:
19253:
19244:
19235:
19226:
19217:
19208:
19199:
19190:
19181:
19172:
19163:
19154:
19145:
19136:
19127:
19118:
19109:
19100:
19091:
19082:
19073:
19064:
19055:
19046:
19037:
19028:
19019:
19010:
19001:
18992:
18983:
18974:
18965:
18956:
18947:
18938:
18929:
18920:
18911:
18902:
18893:
18884:
18875:
18866:
18857:
18848:
18839:
18830:
18821:
18812:
18803:
18794:
18785:
18776:
18767:
18758:
18749:
18740:
18731:
18722:
18713:
18704:
18695:
18686:
18677:
18668:
18659:
18650:
18641:
18632:
18623:
18614:
18605:
18596:
18587:
18578:
18569:
18560:
18551:
18542:
18533:
18524:
18515:
18506:
18497:
18488:
18479:
18470:
18461:
18452:
18443:
18434:
18425:
18416:
18407:
18398:
18389:
18380:
18371:
18362:
18353:
18344:
18335:
18326:
18317:
18308:
18299:
18290:
18281:
18272:
18263:
18254:
18245:
18236:
18227:
18218:
18209:
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16530:al-Sumayriyya
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15909:1946–47
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15746:Breaking Dawn
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15608:Autumn Clouds
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15271:Samu incident
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15137:Transnational
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15038:Holy War Army
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14912:Army of Islam
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14873:Organizations
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14831:Iraqi Kingdom
14829:
14827:
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14813:
14812:All-Palestine
14810:
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14807:
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14794:Organizations
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14706:
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14700:
14699:NDF Rebellion
14697:
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14433:
14429:
14428:Time Magazine
14425:
14421:
14409:
14405:
14404:Time Magazine
14401:
14397:
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14236:
14235:Karsh, Efraim
14232:
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14220:
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14200:
14197:
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14188:
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14177:. Cambridge:
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14062:Sela, Avraham
14060:
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14041:Sayigh, Yezid
14039:
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14021:
14018:
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14012:
14008:
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14001:
13997:
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13986:
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13980:. Cambridge:
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13871:, New Haven,
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13834:
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13829:Vintage Books
13826:
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13811:
13807:
13806:Morris, Benny
13804:
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13773:Makdisi Saree
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13591:Khalaf, Issa
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13557:Philip Mattar
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13536:Karsh, Efraim
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13518:Kaniuk, Yoram
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13317:Flapan, Simha
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13293:
13291:
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13284:, Pan Books.
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13143:Stein and Day
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13079:(3/4): 3–19.
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12158:. Unrwa.org.
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11743:Adrian, p. 59
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11281:
11268:
11264:
11260:
11256:
11250:
11242:
11229:
11225:
11221:
11217:
11211:
11204:
11200:
11195:
11188:
11182:
11175:
11170:
11163:
11159:
11156:
11151:
11143:
11137:
11133:
11128:
11127:
11118:
11111:
11110:
11105:
11101:
11095:
11087:
11081:
11077:
11076:
11068:
11062:
11056:
11047:
11040:
11034:
11026:
11022:
11018:
11015:
11011:
11006:
10997:
10990:
10986:
10982:
10976:
10967:
10964:
10962:on 21 June...
10961:
10957:
10956:
10954:
10950:
10946:
10943:
10938:
10922:
10918:
10912:
10903:
10895:
10889:
10885:
10880:
10879:
10873:
10869:
10868:Ahron Bregman
10863:
10856:
10851:
10842:
10840:
10838:
10836:
10834:
10832:
10830:
10828:
10820:
10815:
10813:
10811:
10809:
10807:
10805:
10803:
10801:
10799:
10797:
10787:
10785:
10783:
10773:
10771:
10769:
10752:
10748:
10742:
10740:
10738:
10736:
10726:
10717:
10708:
10699:
10683:
10679:
10675:
10669:
10660:
10651:
10649:
10640:
10636:
10629:
10613:
10609:
10603:
10595:
10589:
10585:
10584:
10576:
10568:
10562:
10558:
10554:
10553:
10545:
10536:
10534:
10524:
10515:
10513:
10511:
10509:
10501:
10497:
10496:
10490:
10483:
10478:
10476:
10474:
10472:
10462:
10456:
10452:
10448:
10442:
10435:
10423:
10417:
10413:
10412:
10404:
10395:
10388:
10383:
10376:
10371:
10369:
10367:
10365:
10363:
10361:
10359:
10351:
10346:
10339:
10334:
10318:
10314:
10308:
10299:
10290:
10281:
10272:
10265:
10260:
10258:
10256:
10248:
10243:
10234:
10227:
10223:
10219:
10215:
10211:
10207:
10203:
10196:
10187:
10185:
10177:
10176:
10171:
10170:Walid Khalidi
10166:
10160:
10144:
10140:
10134:
10127:
10123:
10118:
10102:
10098:
10092:
10088:
10087:
10079:
10077:
10069:
10057:
10051:
10047:
10046:
10038:
10029:
10020:
10011:
10002:
9993:
9986:
9982:
9978:
9972:
9963:
9957:Gelber, p. 55
9954:
9945:
9938:
9934:
9928:
9924:
9923:
9915:
9906:
9897:
9888:
9877:
9870:
9864:
9856:
9852:
9848:
9842:
9838:
9831:
9822:
9820:
9810:
9801:
9794:
9789:
9782:
9778:
9773:
9766:
9760:
9744:
9740:
9736:
9730:
9723:
9718:
9716:
9708:
9703:
9694:
9678:
9674:
9668:
9664:
9663:
9655:
9646:
9630:
9626:
9619:
9617:
9607:
9600:
9594:
9578:
9574:
9568:
9566:
9564:
9554:
9547:
9541:
9534:
9528:
9521:
9515:
9499:
9495:
9489:
9485:
9484:
9476:
9469:
9464:
9460:
9456:
9452:
9448:
9444:
9437:
9435:
9433:
9431:
9421:
9412:
9403:
9401:
9391:
9384:
9380:
9377:
9376:
9371:
9366:
9357:
9348:
9339:
9332:
9328:
9323:
9314:
9305:
9296:
9288:
9284:
9280:
9276:
9272:
9268:
9264:
9260:
9253:
9251:
9242:
9236:
9232:
9225:
9224:
9219:
9218:Morris, Benny
9213:
9205:
9190:
9186:
9182:
9178:
9174:
9170:
9166:
9162:
9161:Walid Khalidi
9158:
9154:
9153:
9147:
9142:
9136:
9127:
9118:
9111:
9105:
9097:
9091:
9087:
9086:
9078:
9069:
9062:
9057:
9050:
9045:
9043:
9041:
9039:
9037:
9035:
9033:
9023:
9021:
9011:
9002:
8996:
8990:
8974:
8968:
8961:
8957:
8956:Henry Laurens
8952:
8943:
8941:
8939:
8937:
8927:
8925:
8915:
8906:
8897:
8890:
8887:Pappe, Ilan.
8884:
8877:
8874:
8870:
8867:
8861:
8854:
8850:
8846:
8843:
8839:
8836:
8835:
8831:Shay Hazkani,
8828:
8821:
8815:
8806:
8804:
8787:
8783:
8777:
8773:
8772:
8764:
8757:
8753:
8752:Henry Laurens
8748:
8741:
8737:
8736:
8731:
8730:Henry Laurens
8726:
8710:
8706:
8700:
8698:
8688:
8679:
8670:
8663:
8659:
8653:
8645:
8641:
8637:
8633:
8629:
8625:
8620:
8619:
8613:
8607:
8598:
8596:
8594:
8586:
8581:
8579:
8577:
8567:
8551:
8547:
8543:
8536:
8521:
8517:
8511:
8495:
8491:
8487:
8481:
8472:
8465:
8461:
8456:
8447:
8438:
8436:
8434:
8432:
8430:
8428:
8418:
8409:
8400:
8391:
8382:
8373:
8364:
8357:
8344:
8340:
8334:
8330:
8329:
8321:
8314:
8308:
8299:
8290:
8281:
8272:
8263:
8254:
8245:
8236:
8227:
8211:
8207:
8201:
8197:
8196:
8188:
8179:
8172:
8171:
8164:
8157:
8156:
8149:
8143:
8139:
8136:
8134:
8127:
8120:
8114:
8105:
8103:
8087:
8081:
8077:
8073:
8069:
8065:
8059:
8053:
8049:
8045:
8042:
8041:
8034:
8030:
8026:
8023:
8022:
8015:
8011:
8007:
8003:
8002:
7995:
7986:
7977:
7970:
7964:
7955:
7953:
7951:
7949:
7947:
7945:
7935:
7928:
7916:
7912:
7908:
7904:
7898:
7894:
7893:
7885:
7878:
7874:
7871:
7866:
7859:
7846:
7842:
7838:
7834:
7830:
7823:
7816:
7810:
7803:
7799:
7795:
7791:
7787:
7783:
7779:
7775:
7771:
7767:
7760:
7751:
7742:
7740:
7731:
7725:
7721:
7720:
7712:
7710:
7701:
7697:
7693:
7689:
7685:
7681:
7677:
7673:
7666:
7664:
7662:
7645:
7641:
7635:
7631:
7630:
7622:
7606:
7602:
7596:
7592:
7588:
7587:
7579:
7577:
7575:
7565:
7563:
7553:
7546:
7542:
7536:
7529:
7525:
7521:
7517:
7516:
7509:
7507:
7497:
7488:
7479:
7477:
7475:
7473:
7456:
7452:
7448:
7444:
7437:
7430:
7425:
7421:
7405:
7396:
7392:
7381:
7372:
7368:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7348:
7345:
7344:
7335:
7334:
7329:
7326:
7325:
7320:
7319:
7313:
7312:
7308:
7307:Derek Penslar
7304:
7303:Anita Shapira
7300:
7296:
7292:
7290:
7289:
7284:
7269:
7266:
7262:
7251:
7249:
7244:
7240:
7238:
7234:
7233:Walid Khalidi
7229:
7225:
7220:
7218:
7213:
7209:
7208:
7203:
7199:
7188:
7186:
7185:
7178:
7173:
7167:
7162:
7158:
7154:
7148:
7143:
7139:
7134:
7132:
7126:
7123:
7119:
7115:
7106:
7104:
7100:
7096:
7092:
7087:
7083:
7082:
7079:
7075:
7071:
7067:
7063:
7059:
7055:
7051:
7045:
7035:
7033:
7026:
7021:
7013:
7004:
7002:
6996:
6991:
6989:
6985:
6981:
6976:
6972:
6970:
6966:
6962:
6958:
6955:
6954:New Historian
6951:
6941:
6939:
6935:
6929:
6925:
6922:
6917:
6915:
6911:
6907:
6906:refugee camps
6903:
6902:was from Iraq
6899:
6895:
6889:
6879:
6877:
6873:
6868:
6866:
6862:
6857:
6852:
6849:
6845:
6841:
6836:
6834:
6830:
6826:
6822:
6817:
6815:
6814:
6809:
6805:
6793:
6788:
6786:
6781:
6779:
6774:
6773:
6771:
6770:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6754:
6746:
6745:
6736:
6735:Gaza genocide
6733:
6732:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6725:Ongoing Nakba
6723:
6722:
6714:
6713:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6677:
6669:
6668:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6620:Walid Khalidi
6618:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6597:
6589:
6588:
6579:
6576:
6575:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6560:
6552:
6551:
6544:
6543:Paraguay plan
6541:
6539:
6536:
6532:
6529:
6528:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6519:
6515:
6512:
6511:
6510:
6507:
6503:
6500:
6499:
6498:
6495:
6494:
6490:
6484:
6483:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6460:
6459:
6456:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6433:
6432:
6429:
6428:
6424:
6423:
6419:
6418:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6400:
6396:
6393:
6392:
6384:
6383:
6380:
6377:
6376:
6372:
6371:
6367:
6363:
6362:
6358:
6354:
6339:
6337:
6336:Henry Laurens
6333:
6327:
6323:
6317:
6313:
6303:
6299:
6297:
6293:
6289:
6285:
6281:
6277:
6272:
6270:
6269:coastal plain
6266:
6262:
6258:
6254:
6250:
6246:
6241:
6232:
6228:
6200:
6198:
6190:
6186:
6185:
6154:
6152:
6145:
6140:
6125:
6123:
6119:
6115:
6109:
6095:
6091:
6087:
6083:
6079:
6075:
6071:
6067:
6066:Karabiner 98k
6063:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6050:
6046:
6042:
6039:
6036:
6035:
6032:
6028:
6027:P-51 Mustangs
6024:
6020:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6007:
6003:
5999:
5995:
5992:
5989:
5988:
5985:
5981:
5977:
5976:
5975:Napoleonchiks
5971:
5968:
5965:
5961:
5957:
5953:
5950:
5947:
5946:
5943:
5939:
5935:
5931:
5927:
5923:
5919:
5917:
5913:
5909:
5905:
5901:
5899:
5895:
5892:
5891:
5888:
5884:
5880:
5877:
5874:
5871:
5867:
5863:
5859:
5855:
5851:
5847:
5843:
5839:
5838:Matilda tanks
5836:
5833:
5832:
5828:
5825:
5822:
5821:
5818:
5815:
5807:
5804:
5800:
5796:
5786:
5784:
5780:
5774:
5771:
5765:
5763:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5745:
5743:
5739:
5735:
5731:
5727:
5723:
5718:
5716:
5710:
5707:
5706:Deir al-Balah
5703:
5699:
5694:
5692:
5688:
5684:
5680:
5677:
5673:
5669:
5664:
5662:
5658:
5654:
5650:
5643:
5639:
5634:
5625:
5623:
5619:
5615:
5610:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5595:
5590:
5589:
5584:
5580:
5576:
5572:
5568:
5564:
5559:
5557:
5548:
5544:
5541:
5537:
5532:
5530:
5529:Iraq Suwaydan
5526:
5522:
5517:
5515:
5514:
5509:
5505:
5501:
5497:
5493:
5489:
5485:
5482:began in the
5481:
5476:
5474:
5473:Egyptian Navy
5470:
5466:
5462:
5458:
5457:Faluja Pocket
5453:
5451:
5447:
5443:
5439:
5434:
5432:
5428:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5410:
5406:
5402:
5398:
5394:
5390:
5382:
5377:
5369:
5363:
5359:
5354:
5347:
5342:
5333:
5331:
5327:
5323:
5319:
5315:
5310:
5307:
5301:
5299:
5295:
5294:upper Galilee
5291:
5286:
5284:
5280:
5276:
5272:
5262:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5235:
5228:
5219:
5217:
5211:
5207:
5205:
5200:
5196:
5192:
5188:
5182:
5172:
5169:
5164:
5162:
5158:
5154:
5149:
5147:
5143:
5139:
5138:Lydda Airport
5135:
5134:Port of Haifa
5131:
5127:
5123:
5119:
5115:
5111:
5106:
5102:
5092:
5084:
5082:
5078:
5074:
5073:Lower Galilee
5070:
5064:
5054:
5052:
5047:
5045:
5040:
5038:
5034:
5030:
5026:
5022:
5017:
5015:
5011:
5007:
5003:
4999:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4979:
4969:
4967:
4963:
4957:
4952:
4949:
4944:
4942:
4938:
4934:
4930:
4926:
4922:
4917:
4915:
4911:
4903:
4899:
4894:
4887:
4886:Lydda airport
4882:
4877:
4873:
4868:
4866:
4862:
4858:
4854:
4850:
4846:
4842:
4838:
4829:
4820:
4818:
4812:
4807:
4805:
4800:
4798:
4792:
4787:
4784:
4780:
4776:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4754:
4744:
4740:
4738:
4734:
4730:
4726:
4716:
4712:
4704:
4701:
4699:on 21 June...
4698:
4694:
4693:
4692:
4688:
4686:
4677:
4673:
4666:
4662:
4657:
4648:
4646:
4645:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4624:
4622:
4621:Yitzhak Rabin
4618:
4613:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4595:
4592:
4591:
4587:
4584:
4583:
4579:
4576:
4575:
4571:
4568:
4567:
4563:
4560:
4559:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4547:
4544:
4543:
4532:
4523:
4521:
4515:
4513:
4509:
4504:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4486:
4482:
4478:
4474:
4470:
4466:
4462:
4458:
4454:
4449:
4445:
4438:
4429:
4427:
4423:
4419:
4415:
4410:
4406:
4404:
4400:
4396:
4392:
4388:
4383:
4379:
4375:
4367:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4347:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4303:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4284:
4280:
4275:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4251:
4243:
4235:
4231:
4227:
4225:
4221:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4205:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4186:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4138:
4126:
4123:
4115:
4105:
4101:
4095:
4093:
4089:
4082:
4073:
4072:
4065:
4058:
4053:
4044:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4017:
4012:
4003:
4001:
3997:
3992:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3977:Lebanese Army
3973:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3941:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3893:
3886:
3883:destroyed at
3882:
3879:
3874:
3865:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3836:and reaching
3835:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3814:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3769:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3758:Harel Brigade
3754:
3752:
3748:
3743:
3741:
3740:Harel Brigade
3737:
3732:
3727:
3724:
3719:
3717:
3713:
3708:
3705:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3656:
3649:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3626:
3621:
3614:
3609:
3608:
3604:
3602:
3598:
3593:
3591:
3590:Harel Brigade
3587:
3583:
3568:
3563:
3556:
3551:
3544:
3539:
3538:
3534:
3532:
3531:friendly fire
3528:
3527:Mickey Marcus
3522:
3519:
3515:
3509:
3499:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3457:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3414:
3411:
3407:
3406:Yad Mordechai
3403:
3399:
3398:Bren carriers
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3374:
3369:
3360:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3344:
3342:
3337:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3322:
3318:
3313:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3252:
3247:
3239:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3216:
3208:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3163:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3106:
3103:
3098:
3096:
3090:
3086:
3078:
3074:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:3,000-strong
2992:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2971:
2969:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2926:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2907:were smuggled
2904:
2899:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2864:
2861:operated two
2860:
2855:
2851:
2845:
2841:
2840:Sherman tanks
2837:
2833:
2831:
2830:Sherman tanks
2826:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2731:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2718:Yitzhak Rabin
2716:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2707:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2695:Avraham Yoffe
2693:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2668:Yitzhak Sadeh
2666:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2649:Shlomo Shamir
2647:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2590:Shimon Avidan
2588:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2579:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2543:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2506:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2451:Walid Khalidi
2448:
2444:
2443:Larry Collins
2440:
2436:
2432:
2422:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2392:
2390:
2374:
2372:
2367:
2363:
2356:
2346:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2333:
2328:
2318:
2314:
2311:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2295:
2288:
2284:
2279:
2275:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2255:
2251:
2248:
2244:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2217:
2215:
2210:
2206:
2204:
2196:
2191:
2182:
2178:
2176:
2173:According to
2171:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2150:Walid Khalidi
2147:
2146:Tokhnit dalet
2139:
2135:
2131:
2128:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2099:
2095:
2093:
2089:
2086:According to
2079:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2053:
2047:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2027:riots of 1929
2024:
2020:
2010:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1920:United States
1916:
1909:
1904:
1895:
1893:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1742:
1737:
1733:
1731:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1709:
1706:
1701:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1658:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1644:
1635:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1544:Upper Galilee
1541:
1537:
1533:
1528:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1324:International
1319:
1318:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1119:Naval battles
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1043:
1042:Yad Mordechai
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1008:
1003:
1001:
996:
994:
989:
988:
985:
975:
969:
966:
963:
962:
957:
948:
944:: 3,500–6,000
943:
938:
933:
928:
924:: 2,500–5,000
923:
918:
913:
908:
905:
900:
897:
896:
891:
888:
884:
879:
875:
870:
864:
859:
853:
848:
842:
837:
831:
826:
820:
815:
809:
804:
798:
793:
787:
782:
776:
775:King Farouk I
771:
765:
760:
755:
753:
752:Yitzhak Sadeh
748:
742:
737:
731:
730:Shimon Avidan
726:
720:
715:
709:
704:
698:
697:Yitzhak Rabin
693:
687:
682:
676:
672:
671:Mickey Marcus
667:
661:
656:
650:
645:
639:
634:
628:
623:
618:
617:
612:
609:
608:
607:Holy War Army
602:
595:
592:
591:
590:
588:
587:
582:
576:
568:
556:
554:
543:
541:
530:
528:
518:
515:
503:
501:
490:
483:
482:Holy War Army
478:
473:
472:
470:
465:
460:
459:
457:
445:
444:
443:
441:
440:
427:
425:
421:
413:
409:
405:
404:
403:
399:
395:
394:
393:
390:
382:
378:
376:
372:
368:
366:
362:
358:
357:
352:
348:
344:
342:
338:
334:
332:
328:
324:
323:
322:
321:
318:
314:
310:
309:
308:
306:
302:
301:
295:
288:
283:
282:
281:
268:
267:
262:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
230:
229:
222:
218:
216:
213:
212:
210:
206:
203:
202:
200:
196:
192:
188:
187:
185:
184:
183:
180:
179:
174:
169:
166:
165:
159:
156:
155:
151:
145:
141:
139:
135:
132:
128:
126:
122:
118:
115:
114:
111:
102:
93:
82:
73:
63:
60:
56:
51:
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
26515:
26419:Ouda Tarabin
26372:Lavon Affair
26306:
26286:Negev Summit
26122:Brinkmanship
26014:intelligence
25903:Marius Oprea
25853:Harvey Klehr
25783:Herbert Feis
25773:Willem Drees
25738:Archie Brown
25655:
25643:
25625:
25615:Trybuna Ludu
25613:
25606:
25602:Radio Moscow
25594:
25587:
25580:
25408:Anti-Zionism
25324:
25247:Keynesianism
25235:Conservatism
25099:Transnistria
25079:China-Taiwan
24736:Gera Demands
24609:
24410:
24285:
24090:El Porteñazo
23984:Congo Crisis
23899:
23834:Algerian War
23817:
23693:Western Bloc
23688:Eastern Bloc
23683:Iron Curtain
23620:
23539:
23531:
23523:
23500:
23480:
23472:
23389:Soviet Union
23387:
23380:
23304:Palestinians
23269:
23260:Avraham Sela
23245:Benny Morris
23230:Efraim Karsh
23220:Aref al-Aref
23148:Nakba denial
23118:
22995:Wadi Qabbani
22954:al-Manshiyya
22852:al-Samakiyya
22828:Nasir al-Din
22818:al-Manshiyya
22706:Yarda, Safad
22637:al-Salihiyya
22526:al-Manshiyya
22304:al-'Abisiyya
22297:Abil al-Qamh
22151:al-Muzayri'a
22146:al-Mukhayzin
22110:al-Kunayyisa
21724:Dayr al-Hawa
21682:Bayt Naqquba
21622:Ayn al-Mansi
21565:al-Safiriyya
21534:al-Khayriyya
21437:az-Zakariyya
21425:Tell es-Safi
21329:Umm az-Zinat
21305:al-Sindiyana
21264:al-Rihaniyya
20982:al-Muharraqa
20925:al-Jaladiyya
20696:al-Samiriyya
20665:al-Khunayzir
20634:al-Hamidiyya
20588:Arab al-Safa
16550:Umm al-Faraj
16495:al-Manshiyya
16170: /
16160: /
16156: /
16152: /
16142: /
16126: /
16104: /
16076: /
16068:Oslo Accords
16013: /
16004: /
15994: /
15984: /
15974: /
15964: /
15948: /
15855: /
15755:
15745:
15727:
15677:
15667:
15633:
15607:
15598:Summer Rains
15597:
15587:
15542:
15532:
15522:(1993–2008;
15511:Bramble Bush
15510:
15468:
15434:
15405:
15387:
15353:
15311:
15235:
15165:Soviet Union
14855:Saudi Arabia
14680:
14641:List of wars
14488:
14436:. Retrieved
14432:the original
14427:
14412:. Retrieved
14408:the original
14403:
14309:
14291:
14274:
14256:
14238:
14231:Karsh, Inari
14224:
14206:
14174:
14167:
14151:
14134:, New York.
14127:
14109:
14097:
14079:
14065:
14044:
14023:
14006:
13999:
13993:Cambridge UP
13988:
13982:Cambridge UP
13977:
13959:
13948:. Retrieved
13928:
13903:
13882:
13863:
13842:
13824:
13816:
13809:
13786:
13783:Masalha, Nur
13776:
13766:
13752:
13734:
13727:
13707:. New York:
13704:
13689:
13682:
13661:
13641:
13625:Beacon Press
13620:
13602:
13592:
13574:
13567:
13560:
13539:
13521:
13500:
13481:
13461:
13431:
13417:
13399:
13388:Publishing,
13381:
13370:
13352:
13349:Gelber, Yoav
13331:
13320:
13295:
13281:O Jerusalem!
13279:
13252:
13235:
13217:
13196:
13177:
13156:
13145:, New York.
13138:
13120:
13096:
13076:
13072:
13057:
13036:
13026:
13002:
12985:
12959:
12939:
12924:Bibliography
12909:. Retrieved
12900:
12891:
12871:
12864:
12852:
12844:
12811:
12807:
12797:
12770:
12764:
12752:. Retrieved
12727:
12723:
12713:
12685:
12678:
12659:
12649:
12622:
12616:
12581:
12577:
12527:
12487:
12437:
12431:
12390:
12386:
12343:, p. 4.
12336:
12327:
12321:
12313:
12308:
12289:
12280:
12274:
12248:. Retrieved
12244:the original
12234:
12225:
12211:
12205:
12193:. Retrieved
12164:. Retrieved
12135:. Retrieved
12121:
12105:
12097:
12092:
12069:
12060:
12045:
12038:
12029:
12014:
12007:
11999:
11984:
11977:
11967:28 September
11965:. Retrieved
11945:
11938:
11926:. Retrieved
11922:the original
11912:
11903:
11870:
11866:
11856:
11823:
11819:
11809:
11781:
11774:
11762:. Retrieved
11758:the original
11748:
11739:
11734:Adrian, p. 7
11730:
11722:
11717:
11692:
11680:. Retrieved
11676:the original
11624:
11616:
11606:28 September
11604:. Retrieved
11584:
11577:
11567:28 September
11565:. Retrieved
11545:
11538:
11529:
11520:
11513:. Retrieved
11493:
11486:
11474:
11462:. Retrieved
11448:
11428:
11421:
11416:, p. 68
11377:
11360:
11352:
11345:. Retrieved
11325:
11301:. Retrieved
11297:the original
11287:
11278:
11271:. Retrieved
11262:
11255:Cowell, Alan
11249:
11239:
11232:. Retrieved
11223:
11210:
11202:
11194:
11186:
11181:
11176:, p. 76
11169:
11150:
11125:
11117:
11107:
11099:
11094:
11074:
11067:
11060:
11055:
11046:
11038:
11033:
11005:
10996:
10980:
10975:
10959:
10952:
10937:
10925:. Retrieved
10911:
10902:
10877:
10862:
10850:
10821:, p. 64
10755:. Retrieved
10725:
10716:
10707:
10698:
10686:. Retrieved
10677:
10668:
10659:
10639:the original
10628:
10616:. Retrieved
10612:the original
10602:
10581:
10575:
10551:
10544:
10523:
10499:
10493:
10489:
10484:, p. 60
10461:
10441:
10432:
10425:. Retrieved
10410:
10403:
10394:
10386:
10382:
10377:, p. 62
10352:, p. 61
10345:
10333:
10321:. Retrieved
10317:the original
10307:
10298:
10289:
10280:
10271:
10266:, p. 56
10249:, p. 57
10242:
10233:
10225:
10205:
10201:
10195:
10173:
10164:
10159:
10147:. Retrieved
10143:the original
10133:
10125:
10117:
10105:. Retrieved
10085:
10066:
10059:. Retrieved
10044:
10037:
10028:
10019:
10010:
10001:
9992:
9976:
9971:
9962:
9953:
9944:
9936:
9921:
9914:
9905:
9896:
9887:
9876:the original
9863:
9836:
9830:
9809:
9800:
9795:, p. ?.
9793:Pollack 2004
9788:
9780:
9777:Benny Morris
9772:
9764:
9759:
9747:. Retrieved
9743:the original
9738:
9729:
9724:, p. 27
9702:
9693:
9681:. Retrieved
9661:
9654:
9645:
9633:. Retrieved
9606:
9598:
9593:
9581:. Retrieved
9577:the original
9553:
9540:
9532:
9527:
9519:
9514:
9504:28 September
9502:. Retrieved
9482:
9475:
9466:
9446:
9442:
9420:
9411:
9390:
9374:
9365:
9356:
9347:
9338:
9330:
9322:
9313:
9304:
9295:
9262:
9258:
9222:
9212:
9202:– via
9196:. Retrieved
9156:
9150:
9135:
9126:
9117:
9109:
9104:
9084:
9077:
9068:
9063:, p. 51
9056:
9051:, p. 26
9010:
9001:
8989:
8977:. Retrieved
8967:
8959:
8951:
8914:
8905:
8896:
8888:
8883:
8878:24 June 2021
8860:
8833:
8827:
8819:
8814:
8790:. Retrieved
8770:
8763:
8755:
8747:
8733:
8725:
8713:. Retrieved
8709:the original
8687:
8678:
8669:
8652:
8617:
8606:
8587:, p. 25
8566:
8556:16 September
8554:. Retrieved
8545:
8535:
8523:. Retrieved
8519:
8510:
8498:. Retrieved
8494:the original
8489:
8480:
8471:
8463:
8455:
8446:
8417:
8408:
8399:
8390:
8381:
8372:
8363:
8354:
8347:. Retrieved
8327:
8320:
8312:
8307:
8298:
8289:
8280:
8271:
8262:
8253:
8244:
8235:
8226:
8214:. Retrieved
8194:
8187:
8178:
8169:
8163:
8154:
8148:
8132:
8126:
8118:
8113:
8089:. Retrieved
8071:
8058:
8051:
8039:
8032:
8020:
8013:
8000:
7994:
7985:
7976:
7968:
7963:
7934:
7926:
7919:. Retrieved
7891:
7884:
7865:
7856:
7849:, retrieved
7832:
7822:
7814:
7809:
7801:
7773:
7769:
7759:
7750:
7718:
7678:(2): 24–41.
7675:
7671:
7648:. Retrieved
7628:
7621:
7611:28 September
7609:. Retrieved
7585:
7552:
7544:
7540:
7535:
7514:
7496:
7487:
7459:. Retrieved
7446:
7436:
7428:
7424:
7404:
7395:
7380:
7371:
7331:
7322:
7310:
7293:
7286:
7283:Joan Peters'
7280:
7257:
7248:oral history
7241:
7230:
7215:
7212:Aref al-Aref
7205:
7194:
7183:
7138:Benny Morris
7135:
7127:
7112:
7103:delegitimize
7088:
7084:
7081:
7073:
7069:
7061:
7058:Benny Morris
7053:
7050:Simha Flapan
7047:
7028:
7023:
7019:
7010:
6998:
6993:
6988:Avraham Sela
6977:
6973:
6947:
6930:
6926:
6918:
6891:
6869:
6861:Palestinians
6853:
6837:
6818:
6811:
6801:
6650:Avraham Sela
6630:Benny Morris
6610:Efraim Karsh
6600:Aref al-Aref
6573:Nakba denial
6457:
6420:
6394:
6332:Aref al-Aref
6328:
6325:
6300:
6273:
6237:
6194:
6183:
6148:
6114:Benny Morris
6111:
6031:C-47 Dakotas
6002:C-47 Dakotas
5973:
5967:chenillettes
5966:
5964:Lorraine 38L
5826:Arab armies
5816:
5813:
5792:
5775:
5766:
5750:
5746:
5742:Ezer Weizman
5719:
5711:
5695:
5679:P-51 Mustang
5665:
5646:
5622:The Ink Flag
5611:
5600:On 5 March,
5599:
5591:
5587:
5560:
5553:
5533:
5518:
5511:
5477:
5465:Israeli Navy
5454:
5435:
5420:
5416:
5318:Litani River
5311:
5302:
5298:Moshe Carmel
5287:
5267:
5233:
5212:
5208:
5184:
5165:
5161:Ralph Bunche
5153:assassinated
5150:
5107:
5104:
5090:
5066:
5048:
5041:
5018:
4996:
4959:
4945:
4925:al-Muzayri'a
4918:
4907:
4851:(Lydda) and
4835:On 10 July,
4834:
4814:
4801:
4794:
4772:
4741:
4722:
4713:
4709:
4696:
4690:
4669:
4642:
4640:
4634:
4625:
4609:
4601:30 December
4593:23 December
4529:
4516:
4505:
4450:
4446:
4443:
4411:
4407:
4398:
4394:
4389:, was an ex-
4386:
4374:Israeli Navy
4371:
4365:
4358:
4304:
4287:
4283:World War II
4276:
4271:Nazi Germany
4269:designed in
4256:
4228:
4216:
4213:
4206:
4187:
4135:
4133:
4118:
4112:January 2024
4109:
4090:that do not
4086:may contain
4085:
4055:An Egyptian
4037:Hasan Salama
4021:
4014:Kaukji, the
4000:Oded Brigade
3993:
3974:
3961:Napoleonchik
3945:Degania Alef
3942:
3895:
3885:Degania Alef
3815:
3792:
3755:
3744:
3731:Ramat Rachel
3728:
3720:
3709:
3701:
3594:
3579:
3523:
3511:
3481:
3475:Napoleonchik
3474:
3459:
3442:
3415:
3391:
3388:
3345:
3338:
3334:
3314:
3271:
3214:
3205:
3189:land assault
3174:
3171:
3164:
3160:
3157:
3150:
3131:
3107:
3099:
3091:
3087:
3084:
3079:, and Ramla
3052:Teel Ashton
2988:
2972:
2955:Saudi Arabia
2932:
2900:
2897:
2867:
2849:
2827:
2816:
2797:
2786:
2773:Nahum Sarig
2663:8th Armoured
2644:7th Armoured
2517:Moshe Carmel
2463:
2431:Efraim Karsh
2428:
2419:
2404:
2393:
2385:
2358:
2343:
2339:Nuri as-Said
2337:
2324:
2315:
2306:
2294:Jewish state
2291:
2268:Eugene Rogan
2261:
2252:
2240:
2218:
2211:
2207:
2200:
2179:
2172:
2165:
2162:Benny Morris
2145:
2132:
2124:
2120:fifth column
2110:
2096:
2088:Benny Morris
2085:
2057:
2052:conscription
2048:
2044:Heil Mishmar
2043:
2016:
1982:
1980:
1963:Al Schwimmer
1960:
1917:
1913:
1889:
1886:Armed forces
1869:
1846:
1834:
1806:
1795:
1775:
1768:
1749:Yigael Yadin
1746:
1710:
1702:
1698:
1682:
1659:
1647:
1640:
1588:
1529:
1486:
1455:
1418:
1414:
1412:
1393:
1392:
1345:
1344:
1336:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1295:
1290:al-Malikiyya
1278:
1277:
1271:
1264:
1257:
1250:
1236:
1229:
1212:
1200:
1188:
1187:
1181:
1147:
1140:
1133:
1126:
1097:
1090:
1083:
1076:
1064:
1047:
1026:
1014:
973:
968:Arab armies:
967:
946:
941:
936:
932:Saudi Arabia
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
898:
874:Hasan Salama
830:Habis Majali
741:Moshe Carmel
660:Yigael Yadin
605:
584:
574:
573:
553:Saudi Arabia
429:
428:
419:
388:
387:
304:
298:
286:
285:
270:
269:
264:Belligerents
131:Israeli flag
109:
53:Part of the
40:
26414:Azzam Azzam
26334:Six-Day War
26317:Suez Crisis
26276:Safari Club
25948:Shen Zhihua
25758:Michael Cox
25690:competition
25637:Pro-Western
25627:Soviet Life
25553:Safari Club
25523:Warsaw Pact
25378:Nationalism
25368:Imperialism
25267:Reaganomics
25130:Containment
24923:Perestroika
24412:Realpolitik
24242:Six-Day War
24227:Greek junta
24038:Berlin Wall
23886:Suez Crisis
23854:Vietnam War
23741:McCarthyism
23556:Baruch Plan
23501:Unthinkable
23461:Dekemvriana
23400:Warsaw Pact
23240:Nur Masalha
23225:Yoav Gelber
23002:al-Zabadida
22699:al-Wayziyya
22514:Al-Malkiyya
22456:Kafr Bir'im
22407:Ghabbatiyya
22262:Wadi Hunayn
22132:Majdal Yaba
21988:Bayt Shanna
21981:Bayt Nabala
21959:al-Barriyya
21930:Abu al-Fadl
21897:al-Mujaydil
21848:Sheikh Badr
21741:Deir Yassin
21677:Bayt Mahsir
21582:al-Sawalima
21553:al-Muwaylih
21485:Biyar 'Adas
21388:al-Dawayima
21383:Bayt Nattif
21378:Bayt Jibrin
21274:al-Sarafand
21239:Naghnaghiya
21126:al-Butaymat
20863:Dayr Sunayd
20802:Arab Suqrir
20677:al-Murassas
16414:subdistrict
16118:Taba Summit
15887:White Paper
15767:(2023–2024)
15697:(2015–2016)
15645:(2008–2009)
15637:(2007–2008)
15617:Lebanon War
15565:(2000–2005)
15480:(1987–1993)
15444:Lebanon War
15357:(1972–1979)
15305:(1968–1982)
15289:(1967–1970)
15279:Six-Day War
15252:Suez Crisis
15246:(1949–1956)
15238:(1948–1949)
15108:North Korea
14902:Arab League
14791:Authorities
14701:(1978–1982)
14689:(1962–1970)
14683:(1948–1949)
14645:North Yemen
14569:(2008–2009)
14557:(2000–2005)
14551:(1987–1993)
14545:(1985–2000)
14539:(1982–1985)
14521:(1967–1970)
14513:Six-Day War
14509:(1964–1967)
14501:Suez Crisis
14497:(1951–1956)
14491:(1948–1949)
14106:Shlaim, Avi
13900:Pappe, Ilan
13327:, New York.
13254:Moshe Dayan
13161:McGraw-Hill
12954:Joseph, Dov
12911:10 December
12599:10871/15209
12584:(1): 6–23.
12383:Shlaim, Avi
12312:Tom Segev,
11672:"Iaf V Raf"
11273:28 December
11234:28 December
11037:David Tal,
11010:Gideon Levy
10927:22 February
10688:30 November
10122:Yoav Gelber
9198:22 February
8818:Moshe Naor,
8612:Joseph, Dov
8500:15 December
8311:David Tal,
8216:14 November
8091:18 February
7967:Zeev Maoz,
7813:David Tal,
7776:(1): 4–19.
7222: [
7175: [
7164: [
7161:Arnon Golan
7157:Yoav Gelber
7145: [
7120:and in the
6856:Arab League
6802:During the
6640:Edward Said
6625:Nur Masalha
6605:Yoav Gelber
6286:(including
6249:Transjordan
6037:Small Arms
6019:Avia S-199s
6010:Avro Ansons
5858:Fiat M13/40
5700:FR18s from
5525:Tegart fort
5513:Emir Farouk
5438:Yigal Allon
5381:Bayt Nattif
5189:" south of
5014:Deir Yassin
4914:Arab Legion
4841:Arab Legion
4837:Glubb Pasha
4585:2 December
4577:28 October
4508:Lod Airport
4405:corvettes.
4401:, had been
4350:Sea battles
4259:Avia S-199s
4183:Avro Ansons
4137:Sherut Avir
4031:, south of
3981:Al-Malkiyya
3918:Tegart fort
3712:Glubb Pasha
3631:Arab Legion
3518:Arab Legion
3466:Avia S-199s
3321:Yigal Allon
3302:Transjordan
3144:and twenty
2991:Arab Legion
2985:Arab states
2939:Transjordan
2929:Arab forces
2806:rifles and
2742:Yigal Allon
2540: [
2532:Alexandroni
2494:Moshe Mann
2484:Operations
2457:authorised
2437:as part of
2389:Arab League
2371:Glubb Pasha
2264:Arab Legion
2247:Azzam Pasha
2203:Arab League
2195:Arab League
2175:Yoav Gelber
2082:Arab forces
1910:, June 1948
1906:An Israeli
1838:Arab Legion
1787:Deir Yassin
1705:Arab League
1367:Al-Dawayima
1159:Bir Thamila
1104:Beit Hanoun
912:Transjordan
764:Azzam Pasha
719:Moshe Dayan
686:Yigal Allon
649:Yaakov Dori
500:Transjordan
439:Arab League
231:Territorial
121:Arab Legion
26536:Categories
26480:Green Line
25716:Historians
25707:Space Race
25608:Rudé právo
25562:Propaganda
25418:Neo-Nazism
25388:Chauvinism
25342:Trotskyism
25257:Monetarism
25225:Liberalism
25217:Capitalism
25209:Ideologies
25160:Ostpolitik
24883:Solidarity
24848:Toyota War
24751:Solidarity
24608:Operation
24563:Ogaden War
24252:Dhofar War
24140:Shifta War
23898:Operation
23746:Korean War
23538:Operation
23530:Operation
23522:Operation
23499:Operation
23479:Operation
23471:Operation
23265:Avi Shlaim
23250:Ilan Pappé
23088:Plan Dalet
23056:Background
22981:Umm Khalid
22971:Raml Zayta
22881:Wadi Hamam
22869:al-Tabigha
22864:al-Shajara
22823:al-Mansura
22644:al-Sammu'i
22531:al-Mansura
22461:al-Khalisa
22451:Jubb Yusuf
22385:al-Dirdara
22368:al-Dawwara
22351:al-Butayha
22255:Umm Kalkha
22187:al-Qubayba
22139:al-Mansura
22064:al-Haditha
22052:Dayr Tarif
22040:Dayr Ayyub
22021:al-Buwayra
21993:Bayt Susin
21935:Abu Shusha
21912:Saffuriyya
21731:Dayr Rafat
21672:Bayt 'Itab
21480:Bayt Dajan
21415:al-Qubayba
21310:al-Tantura
21293:al-Sawamir
21229:al-Mansura
21198:al-Kasayir
21186:al-Kafrayn
21090:Ayn Ghazal
21061:Abu Zurayq
21056:Abu Shusha
20841:Bayt Jirja
20836:Bayt Daras
20831:Bayt 'Affa
20779:al-Khalasa
20774:al-Jammama
20732:Umm Sabuna
20689:al-Sakhina
16500:al-Mansura
16485:Kafr 'Inan
16254:2022
16226:2020
16220:2019
16200:2016
16194:2013
16188:2010
16182:2007
16176:2006
16166:2006
16148:2005
16138:2004
16132:2003
16122:2002
16116:2001
16110:2000
16100:2000
16094:1999
16088:1998
16082:1995
16072:1994
16066:1993
16060:1991
16043:1983
16037:1982
16025:1981
16019:1980
16000:1979
15990:1978
15980:1974
15970:1973
15960:1967
15954:1950
15944:1949
15938:1948
15921:1948
15915:1947
15905:Bevin Plan
15903:1947
15897:1946
15891:1939
15885:1939
15879:1937
15873:1922
15867:1920
15861:1919
15851:1918
15845:1917
15839:1916
15833:1915
15827:1914
15821:Background
15728:Black Belt
15634:Hot Winter
15494:Tunis raid
15469:Wooden Leg
14826:Hamas Gaza
14643:involving
14438:31 October
14414:31 October
14390:Avi Shlaim
14357:MidEastWeb
14294:. Oxford:
14259:. London:
14209:. Oxford:
14128:The Pledge
14047:. Oxford:
14026:New York:
13974:Avi Shlaim
13887:SUNY Press
13737:. London:
13730:. 178–205.
13623:. Boston:
13542:, Osprey,
13503:. London:
13478:Gold, Dore
13445:Black Swan
13355:. London:
13220:. London:
12705:1050548811
12456:1090697006
12341:Beker 2005
12195:18 January
12166:18 January
11764:11 January
11414:Karsh 2002
11303:18 January
11241:assassins.
11174:Karsh 2002
10819:Karsh 2002
10757:18 January
10482:Karsh 2002
10453:, p. 219).
10375:Karsh 2002
10350:Karsh 2002
10338:Karsh 2002
10264:Karsh 2002
10247:Karsh 2002
9722:Karsh 2002
9707:Karsh 2002
9061:Karsh 2002
9049:Karsh 2002
8979:6 November
8876:Mondoweiss
8742:2007 p. 41
8585:Karsh 2002
8525:7 December
7451:Al Arabiya
7416:References
7295:Ilan Pappé
7285:1984 book
7261:apologetic
7204:1948 book
7172:Yoav Peleg
7114:Ilan Pappé
7066:Ilan Pappé
6980:legitimacy
6969:conquerors
6957:Avi Shlaim
6934:Arab world
6655:Avi Shlaim
6635:Ilan Pappé
6436:Plan Dalet
6395:Background
6320:See also:
6306:Casualties
6280:Gaza Strip
6276:Green Line
6263:in south,
6240:armistices
6197:Green Line
5998:T-6 Texans
5948:Artillery
5887:M4 Sherman
5862:Sherman M4
5854:Panzer IVs
5770:Royal Navy
5579:Gaza Strip
5571:Abu Ageila
5486:, while a
5075:including
5037:Mount Zion
5031:, and the
5029:Jaffa Gate
4687:reported:
4569:7 October
4512:Antipatris
4418:Royal Navy
4378:Aliyah Bet
4338:. Israeli
4285:veterans.
4196:, bombing
4041:Ras al-Ein
3906:Ben-Gurion
3881:light tank
3848:road. The
3736:Radar Hill
3597:Beit Susin
3586:Burma Road
3418:Gaza Strip
3402:Kfar Darom
3326:Trygve Lie
3317:Plan Dalet
3229:Plan Dalet
3041:Brigadier
3007:Commander
2968:John Glubb
2919:Yugoslavia
2917:runway in
2812:Avia S-199
2478:Commander
2459:Air France
2301:Golda Meir
2272:Avi Shlaim
2154:Ilan Pappé
2134:Plan Dalet
2130:reason.”.
1967:Lou Lenart
1944:Avia S-199
1908:Avia S-199
1861:Golda Meir
1753:Plan Dalet
1741:M4 Sherman
1739:A Palmach
1717:Golda Meir
1613:Background
1580:Gaza Strip
1451:Green Line
1032:Kfar Darom
594:al-Najjada
575:Irregulars
254:Gaza Strip
26490:Air Sinai
26360:Incidents
26300:Conflicts
26239:Diplomacy
26003:Ken Young
25848:Tony Judt
25697:Arms race
25670:Red Scare
25538:NN States
25483:Apartheid
25438:Autocracy
25347:Stalinism
25315:Guevarism
25305:Castroism
25295:Communism
25287:Socialism
24813:Star Wars
24406:Koza riot
23532:Beleaguer
23524:Masterdom
23255:Tom Segev
23143:Nakba Day
23083:Palestine
22947:al-Majdal
22940:Kafr Saba
22935:al-Jalama
22840:al-Nuqayb
22813:al-Manara
22806:al-Majdal
22789:Kafr Sabt
22579:al-Na'ima
22569:al-Muntar
22480:al-Khisas
22446:al-Ja'una
22421:al-Hamra'
22274:Zakariyya
22158:al-Na'ani
22127:al-Maghar
22115:al-Latrun
22098:al-Khayma
22007:Bir Salim
22000:Bir Ma'in
21952:Barfiliya
21879:al-Walaja
21867:al-Tannur
21821:al-Qastal
21799:al-Maliha
21763:Ism Allah
21746:Ayn Karim
21717:Dayr 'Amr
21710:Dayr Aban
21703:al-Burayj
21689:Bayt Thul
21647:Jerusalem
21529:Kafr 'Ana
21475:Abu Kishk
21470:Abu Kabir
21410:Mughallis
21279:al-Sarkas
21217:al-Manara
21203:Khubbayza
21172:al-Jalama
20967:al-Khisas
20952:Karatiyya
20873:al-Faluja
20846:Bayt Tima
20761:Beersheba
20751:al-Zawiya
20725:Umm 'Ajra
16520:al-Ruways
16054:1991–2016
16033:Fahd Plan
15932:1948–1983
15555:2000–2021
15418:1980–1999
15263:1960–1979
15221:1947–1959
14997:as-Sa'iqa
14937:Hezbollah
14887:Abu Nidal
14788:Countries
14318:Greenwood
14261:Routledge
14140:79--10188
14070:Continuum
13739:Routledge
13505:Routledge
13357:Routledge
13304:Greenwood
13222:Routledge
13031:Routledge
12828:0377-919X
12789:192047956
12736:0271-3519
12641:192047956
12608:0377-919X
12546:957554870
12506:957554870
12407:0020-7438
11895:252389726
11887:0026-3206
11840:0002-8762
11185:A. Ilan,
10884:BBC Books
10222:143924379
9985:0330-8987
9767:, p. 393.
9463:143924379
9287:191785036
9279:0268-4527
9177:0377-919X
8738:, vol.3,
7921:13 August
7911:881747492
7851:13 August
7790:0377-919X
7700:154088601
7692:0377-919X
7650:5 October
7301:, and by
7122:Post-9/11
6690:Nakba Day
6645:Tom Segev
6578:Nakba Law
6556:Discourse
6284:West Bank
6231:Jordanian
6189:Jerusalem
6128:Aftermath
6070:Bren Guns
6058:Sten guns
6049:Sten guns
6045:Bren Guns
6015:Spitfires
5994:Spitfires
5990:Aircraft
5446:Beersheba
5427:Beersheba
5358:Beersheba
5283:Misgav Am
5130:Jerusalem
4972:Jerusalem
4910:Jerusalem
4679:Palestine
4672:ceasefire
4453:Jerusalem
4426:Port Said
4363:Greenland
4359:Northland
4290:Modi Alon
4175:Spitfires
4102:. Please
4100:talk page
4088:citations
4027:captured
4018:commander
3842:Ein Vered
3838:Kfar Yona
3697:Jerusalem
3693:Jerusalem
3582:Jerusalem
3514:Jerusalem
3426:kibbutzim
3422:Beersheba
3280:with the
3167:artillery
3138:Spitfires
2989:Jordan's
2915:Luftwaffe
2793:Nicaragua
2415:artillery
2225:cablegram
2221:Palestine
2158:Palestine
2142:תוכנית ד'
2116:Holocaust
1572:West Bank
1560:Jerusalem
1552:Gaza City
1505:Bethlehem
1501:Jerusalem
1489:civil war
1346:Massacres
1237:Bin Nun B
1230:Bin Nun A
1195:Jerusalem
1114:Beersheba
246:West Bank
199:Jordanian
26322:Timeline
26155:Timeline
26145:Category
26090:See also
25582:Izvestia
25423:Islamism
25320:Hoxhaism
25195:Rollback
25074:Abkhazia
25014:Gulf War
24918:Glasnost
24288:incident
24058:Sand War
23916:Ifni War
23425:Rio Pact
23370:Cold War
22923:Fardisya
22911:Bayt Lid
22859:al-Samra
22779:al-Hamma
22747:Tiberias
22668:al-Shuna
22603:Qaytiyya
22341:Baysamun
22180:al-Qubab
22091:Kharruba
21976:Bayt Jiz
21971:Bayt Far
21964:Bashshit
21889:Nazareth
21874:al-'Umur
21615:al-Mazar
21610:al-Jawfa
21495:al-Haram
21432:Umm Burj
21373:Barqusya
21341:Wadi Ara
21300:al-Shuna
21269:Sabbarin
21234:al-Mazar
21222:al-Mansi
21191:Kafr Lam
21138:al-Dumun
21095:Ayn Hawd
20957:Kawfakha
20930:al-Jiyya
20898:Hulayqat
20769:al-Imara
20641:al-Hamra
20622:al-Fatur
16545:Tarbikha
16490:Kuwaykat
16480:al-Kabri
16450:al-Damun
16445:al-Birwa
16440:al-Bassa
16128:Road map
15687:Gaza War
15643:Gaza War
14821:Republic
14579:Gaza War
14567:Gaza War
14348:Archived
14290:(1997).
14237:(1999).
14205:(1999).
14148:Citation
14078:(1992).
14043:(2000).
14022:(1979).
13944:Archived
13926:(2004).
13902:(2006),
13808:(1988),
13785:(1992).
13717:77-96925
13640:(1987).
13538:(2002),
13520:(2001).
13480:(2007),
13460:(1976).
13436:Archived
13430:(1998).
13351:(1997).
13319:(1987),
13278:(1973).
13251:(2004).
13216:(2002).
13195:(1996).
13119:(2002).
13095:(2006).
13085:25834637
13056:(1999).
12994:66-24991
12970:60-10976
12956:(1960).
12905:Archived
12748:Archived
12744:41857981
12423:55258863
12297:Archived
12250:7 August
12189:Archived
12160:Archived
12131:Archived
12114:Archived
12077:Archived
11961:Archived
11600:Archived
11561:Archived
11509:Archived
11458:Archived
11341:Archived
11267:Archived
11228:Archived
11158:Archived
11017:Archived
10960:Altalena
10953:Altalena
10945:Archived
10921:Archived
10874:(1999).
10751:Archived
10682:Archived
10107:19 March
10101:Archived
9855:49225708
9749:20 April
9683:10 March
9677:Archived
9629:Archived
9522:, p. 182
9498:Archived
9379:Archived
9220:(2004).
9189:Archived
8869:Archived
8838:Archived
8792:19 April
8786:Archived
8636:60-10976
8614:(1960).
8550:Archived
8343:Archived
8210:Archived
8138:Archived
8066:(2003).
8044:Archived
8025:Archived
7915:Archived
7873:Archived
7845:archived
7644:Archived
7605:Archived
7543:(2005),
7455:Archived
7341:See also
7217:an-Nakba
7184:Techelet
7064:(1987),
7056:(1987),
6695:Land Day
6463:Timeline
6282:and the
6267:and the
6227:Egyptian
5726:Bedouins
5722:Tel Aviv
5698:Spitfire
5685:towards
5575:Al Arish
5469:Ashkelon
5346:Huleiqat
5195:Tel Aviv
5171:Israel.
5077:Nazareth
5025:New Gate
4933:al-Qubab
4861:Ramallah
4733:Quneitra
4697:Altalena
4644:Altalena
4635:Altalena
4604:108,300
4596:107,652
4588:106,900
4561:17 July
4473:Tiberias
4399:Wedgwood
4397:and INS
4332:Damascus
4224:El Arish
4194:Tel Aviv
4158:Yavne'el
4142:Tel Aviv
4094:the text
4057:Spitfire
3965:Deganias
3655:Old City
3639:Old City
3572:Area map
3488:Nitzanim
3449:Tel Aviv
3315:Through
3169:pieces.
3072:Colonel
3059:Ramallah
3055:Colonel
3024:Colonel
2726:Nachshon
2537:Dan Even
2475:Brigade
2407:Tel Aviv
2013:Manpower
1878:and the
1810:Tiberias
1721:Stalin's
1556:Tel Aviv
1468:and the
1352:Al-Kabri
1338:Velvetta
1059:Nitzanim
893:Strength
201:victory
197:Partial
167:Location
125:Ramallah
57:and the
26500:Azazima
26475:Barrier
26468:Related
25645:Amerika
25528:Comecon
25413:Fascism
25403:Zionism
25352:Titoism
24893:Contras
24361:Détente
23638:Comecon
22901:Tulkarm
22801:Ma'dhar
22774:Hadatha
22675:Taytaba
22622:Sabalan
22596:Qaddita
22586:Qabba'a
22519:Mallaha
22509:Madahil
22504:Lazzaza
22475:Karraza
22426:Harrawi
22414:Ghuraba
22373:Dayshum
22361:Dallata
22346:Biriyya
22309:'Akbara
22279:Zarnuqa
22248:al-Tira
22243:al-Tina
22069:Idnibba
22028:Daniyal
22014:al-Burj
21942:Ajanjul
21907:Ma'alul
21816:Qalunya
21811:al-Qabu
21789:al-Lawz
21775:al-Jura
21558:Rantiya
21546:al-Mirr
21524:Jarisha
21315:al-Tira
21259:Qumbaza
21254:Qisarya
21119:al-Burj
21114:Burayka
20999:Qastina
20994:Ni'ilya
20962:Kawkaba
20940:al-Jura
20888:Hiribya
20807:Barbara
20718:al-Tira
20713:al-Taqa
20615:Farwana
20600:al-Bira
16555:az-Zeeb
16540:al-Tall
16525:Suhmata
16515:al-Nahr
16470:Iribbin
16213:present
16112:Isratin
15627:(2006–)
15573:(2001–)
15388:Entebbe
15354:Bayonet
15103:Morocco
15058:Palmach
15033:Haganah
14987:PFLP-GC
14372:at the
14314:Praeger
14099:Haaretz
13976:, eds.
13336:Praeger
13014:61-8345
13001:(1961)
12938:(1976)
12836:2536835
12754:4 March
12137:29 June
12062:country
11928:29 June
11848:2170732
11682:26 June
11515:13 July
11464:29 June
11347:13 July
11025:Haaretz
10855:Bregman
10618:29 June
10427:14 July
10323:26 June
10149:29 June
10061:14 July
9635:29 June
9583:29 June
9185:2535478
9112:p. 154.
8715:29 June
8546:Haaretz
8520:Haaretz
8349:13 July
7817:p. 153.
7798:2537591
7219:
7099:Haaretz
7012:world.
6910:Romania
6718:Ongoing
6685:Handala
6278:". The
6253:Galilee
6245:Mandate
6053:MAS 36s
5952:Mortars
5870:Vickers
5810:Weapons
5797:passed
5683:Galilee
5616:(where
5614:Red Sea
5563:Nitzana
5360:during
5316:to the
5314:Lebanon
5126:Galilee
5044:Shabbat
4941:Daniyal
4783:Palmach
4580:92,275
4572:88,033
4564:63,586
4556:40,825
4553:4 June
4548:29,677
4395:Haganah
4311:Rehovot
4146:Sde Dov
4144:called
4029:Tantura
3926:Ein Gev
3876:Syrian
3854:Carmeli
3846:Netanya
3830:Tulkarm
3811:Netanya
3807:Tulkarm
3687:of the
3685:Provost
3635:"Hurva"
3428:in the
3284:of the
3256:in the
3251:Kibbutz
3140:, four
3119:Matilda
2947:Lebanon
2842:of the
2818:Haganah
2737:Yiftach
2629:Shfifon
2613:Etzioni
2606:Pleshet
2563:Kiryati
2512:Carmeli
2411:Haganah
2223:in the
2060:Haganah
2039:Palmach
1995:Davidka
1932:Haganah
1892:Haganah
1853:Galilee
1765:Palmach
1725:Zionist
1690:Haganah
1670:Samaria
1666:Galilee
1466:Zionism
1377:Eilabun
1357:Tantura
1213:Yitzhak
1201:Kilshon
1154:Hill 86
1048:Pleshet
927:Lebanon
540:Lebanon
381:Bedouin
379:Allied
331:Palmach
317:Haganah
252:of the
244:of the
233:changes
171:Former
25596:Pravda
25398:Racism
25337:Maoism
25089:Kosovo
24610:Condor
24286:Pueblo
24272:May 68
23900:Gladio
23818:Tuapse
23481:Jungle
23473:Priboi
23131:causes
23007:Zalafa
22976:Tabsur
22845:Samakh
22833:Nimrin
22784:Hittin
22723:Zawiya
22680:Tulayl
22654:Sa'sa'
22632:Saliha
22627:Safsaf
22548:Meiron
22441:Jahula
22402:Fir'im
22319:Ammuqa
22236:Shilta
22229:Shahma
22224:Saydun
22207:Salbit
22173:Qazaza
22103:Khulda
22076:Innaba
21768:Jarash
21637:Zir'in
21627:Lajjun
21575:Saqiya
21570:Salama
21447:Zikrin
21366:'Ajjur
21358:Hebron
21286:Sa'sa'
21244:Qannir
21179:Kabara
21157:Hawsha
21085:'Atlit
21028:Summil
21023:Simsim
20947:Jusayr
20878:Hamama
20858:Burayr
20853:Bil'in
20646:Jabbul
20605:Beisan
20566:Beisan
16475:Jiddin
15759:(2023)
15749:(2022)
15739:(2021)
15731:(2019)
15721:(2019)
15713:(2018)
15705:(2018)
15689:(2014)
15681:(2012)
15671:(2012)
15661:(2011)
15653:(2010)
15619:(2006)
15611:(2006)
15601:(2006)
15591:(2006)
15581:(2003)
15546:(1996)
15536:(1993)
15514:(1992)
15504:(1991)
15496:(1988)
15488:(1988)
15472:(1985)
15462:(1985)
15454:(1984)
15446:(1982)
15438:(1981)
15428:(1980)
15409:(1978)
15406:Litani
15399:(1978)
15391:(1976)
15381:(1975)
15373:(1974)
15365:(1973)
15347:(1972)
15339:(1972)
15331:(1972)
15323:(1973)
15315:(1968)
15297:(1968)
15281:(1967)
15273:(1966)
15254:(1956)
15093:Kuwait
15088:France
15011:Former
14942:Kataeb
14880:Active
14845:Jordan
14840:Israel
14707:(1979)
14695:(1972)
14677:(1934)
14665:(1931)
14587:(2021)
14581:(2014)
14575:(2012)
14563:(2006)
14533:(1978)
14527:(1973)
14515:(1967)
14503:(1956)
14324:
14302:
14281:
14267:
14249:
14233:&
14217:
14185:
14138:
14120:
14090:
14055:
14034:
14013:
13995:, 2007
13984:, 2001
13966:
13950:19 May
13936:
13916:
13893:
13875:
13855:
13835:
13799:
13759:
13745:
13715:
13696:
13672:
13654:
13631:
13613:
13585:
13559:(ed.)
13546:
13528:
13511:
13492:
13471:
13451:
13410:
13392:
13363:
13342:
13310:
13288:
13265:
13242:
13228:
13207:
13186:
13167:
13149:
13131:
13109:
13083:
13064:
13047:
13012:
12992:
12978:266413
12976:
12968:
12946:
12879:
12834:
12826:
12787:
12777:
12742:
12734:
12703:
12693:
12666:
12639:
12629:
12606:
12544:
12534:
12504:
12494:
12454:
12444:
12421:
12415:176252
12413:
12405:
12218:
12053:
12022:
11992:
11953:
11893:
11885:
11846:
11838:
11797:
11725:(1990)
11637:
11592:
11553:
11501:
11436:
11372:p. 247
11368:
11333:
11138:
11132:203–11
11082:
10987:
10890:
10590:
10563:
10502:(1948)
10449:
10418:
10220:
10093:
10052:
9983:
9929:
9853:
9843:
9669:
9601:, p. 8
9490:
9461:
9285:
9277:
9237:
9183:
9175:
9092:
8851:
8778:
8740:Fayard
8660:
8644:266413
8642:
8634:
8335:
8202:
8082:
8008:
7909:
7899:
7796:
7788:
7726:
7698:
7690:
7636:
7597:
7526:
6938:Israel
6914:Poland
6563:Causes
6225:
6223:
6221:
6219:
6213:
6211:
6209:
6207:
6205:
6179:
6177:
6175:
6169:
6167:
6165:
6159:
6074:MP 40s
5846:FT-17s
5834:Tanks
5691:Ashdod
5492:Majdal
5450:Ashdod
5431:Hebron
5411:, and
5393:Shmone
5326:killed
5275:Manara
5254:Safsaf
5216:Hadera
4929:Khulda
4865:Hadita
4857:Latrun
4804:Gal On
4481:Samakh
4477:Baysan
4334:, and
4315:Latrun
4267:Bf 109
4181:, and
4162:Nir-Am
4150:RWD-13
4092:verify
3969:Samakh
3934:Samakh
3930:Samakh
3914:Samakh
3862:battle
3834:Geulim
3828:, and
3826:Nablus
3818:Gesher
3799:Nablus
3749:, the
3704:Latrun
3683:, the
3492:Majdal
3400:; and
3278:states
3262:Israel
3231:, and
3095:Latrun
3077:Hebron
3028:Nablus
2911:Israel
2846:, 1948
2804:vz. 24
2789:France
2776:2,400
2750:Yiftah
2722:1,400
2633:Yevusi
2598:Hametz
2594:5,000
2585:Givati
2578:Hametz
2570:1,400
2556:Hametz
2552:Latrun
2548:5,200
2521:2,000
2497:4,500
2490:Golani
2455:France
2138:Hebrew
2112:Yishuv
2107:Yishuv
2003:Ayalon
1855:, and
1849:Yiftah
1822:Beisan
1685:Yishuv
1603:Arabic
1542:area,
1372:Safsaf
1310:Shoter
1272:Ha-Har
1224:Latrun
1207:Gesher
1127:Shmone
1065:An-Far
947:Total:
899:Israel
876:
673:
564:
550:
537:
511:
497:
453:
436:
383:tribes
300:Yishuv
280:Israel
277:
181:Result
144:Sa'sa'
26081:Stasi
25548:SAARC
25543:ASEAN
25508:SEATO
25361:Other
25326:Juche
25084:Korea
24997:1990s
24710:1980s
24354:1970s
23977:1960s
23729:1950s
23439:1940s
23420:NEATO
23415:SEATO
23405:ANZUS
23138:UNRWA
23049:Nakba
22964:Qaqun
22959:Miska
22891:Yaquq
22794:Lubya
22755:Awlam
22591:Qadas
22543:Marus
22431:Hunin
22289:Safad
22267:Yibna
22202:Sajad
22197:Ramla
22168:Qatra
22120:Lydda
22086:Jimzu
22081:Jilya
21922:Ramle
21902:Indur
21860:Sufla
21843:Sataf
21838:Saris
21833:Sar'a
21806:Nitaf
21794:Lifta
21782:Kasla
21756:Islin
21751:Ishwa
21667:Artuf
21662:Aqqur
21655:Allar
21632:Nuris
21602:Jenin
21592:Yazur
21490:Fajja
21457:Jaffa
21442:Zayta
21420:Ra'na
21403:Kudna
21348:Yajur
21167:Jaba'
21162:Ijzim
21048:Haifa
21038:Yasur
20935:Julis
20918:Isdud
20903:Ibdis
20883:Hatta
20868:Dimra
20812:Barqa
20744:Zab'a
20737:Yubla
20701:Sirin
20682:Qumya
20653:Kafra
20610:Danna
16535:Suruh
16505:Mi'ar
16465:Iqrit
16211:2019–
15435:Opera
15128:Yemen
15098:Libya
15043:Irgun
14932:Hamas
14922:Fatah
14150:from
14028:Knopf
13300:Ablex
13081:JSTOR
12857:Verso
12832:JSTOR
12740:JSTOR
12419:S2CID
12411:JSTOR
12031:dream
11891:S2CID
11844:JSTOR
10218:S2CID
9879:(PDF)
9872:(PDF)
9459:S2CID
9283:S2CID
9227:(PDF)
9204:JSTOR
9192:(PDF)
9181:JSTOR
9163:: 9.
8847:2021
7794:JSTOR
7696:S2CID
7461:7 May
7363:Notes
7226:]
7198:Nakba
7179:]
7168:]
7149:]
6961:Nakba
6848:UNRWA
6813:Nakba
6750:Lists
6531:UNRWA
6502:Camps
6379:Nakba
6347:Arabs
6261:Negev
5842:R-39s
5823:Type
5762:Ramla
5758:Nirim
5732:from
5657:Haifa
5618:Eilat
5607:Negev
5583:Rafah
5490:near
5405:Horev
5401:Assaf
5336:Negev
5306:Iqrit
5199:Haifa
5191:Haifa
5122:Ramla
5118:Lydda
5114:Negev
5051:Malha
5002:Irgun
4937:Jimzu
4902:Ramla
4896:Arab
4853:Ramle
4797:Negba
4737:Arish
4612:Haifa
4493:Jenin
4489:Yavne
4485:Yibna
4469:Safed
4461:Haifa
4457:Jaffa
4387:Eilat
4382:Haifa
4366:circa
4336:Cairo
4324:Arish
4319:Amman
4261:from
4179:C-47s
4033:Haifa
3985:Qadas
3979:took
3822:Jenin
3803:Jenin
3788:Afula
3601:Gezer
3496:Isdud
3470:Isdud
3445:Isdud
3434:Negba
3430:Negev
3394:Nirim
3384:Negba
3373:Nirim
3349:Irgun
3306:Syria
3298:Egypt
3258:Negev
3254:Dorot
3201:Arish
3181:Negev
3177:Aqaba
3010:Rank
2977:from
2959:Yemen
2943:Syria
2935:Egypt
2808:MG 34
2769:Negev
2754:Danny
2730:Danny
2713:Harel
2706:Hiram
2683:Horev
2675:Danny
2602:Barak
2544:]
2525:Hiram
2505:Hiram
2501:Dekel
2481:Size
2325:King
2068:Irgun
1826:Jaffa
1818:Safed
1814:Haifa
1802:Druze
1779:Irgun
1694:Negev
1599:Nakba
1589:Over
1548:Negev
1540:Ramle
1536:Lydda
1532:Jaffa
1517:Syria
1362:Lydda
1331:Balak
1317:Hiram
1303:Dekel
1296:Namel
1265:Yoram
1258:Kedem
1251:Danny
1245:Jenin
1174:Rafah
1169:Sinai
1164:'Auja
1148:Horev
1141:Assaf
1054:Negba
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