675:: "Rioting broke out spontaneously and there is no evidence or suggestion of planning or preliminary organization.... This cannot be said of the Jewish defence measures. They show some evidence of preparation as a few grenades were thrown from housetops and there were occasional shots. This, together with the appearance of signs in Hebrew "It is good to die for one's country" (Appendix IV) are an indication that some form of defence organization was in existence, and its role was not purely defence, because on several occasions determined parties of young Jews battled with the police in efforts to break out of The Old City in order to attack Arabs. When the situation was back to normal Jewish shopkeepers in the New City who opened their shops were threatened by small gangs of Jewish hooligans and forced to close again. The French Consul has reported an air of toughness and truculence among his Jewish proteges and officers of the Administration who experienced the 1945 riots have noticed a hardening of moral as compared with 1945."
566:
defence" since "determined parties of young Jews battled with the police in efforts to break out of The Old City in order to attack Arabs". The rioting began with an argument between a Jew and an Arab in central
Tripoli, in which other Jews and Arabs joined in. Within half an hour a crowd of Arabs had gathered and made their way towards the Jewish Quarter of Old City (also known as the "Jewish Hara"), armed themselves with sticks and stones, following which Jewish units threw bombs into the crowd. The rioting continued for the next hour, during which Jews on rooftops retaliated, and also attacked the police forces, throwing bombs, stones and small arms fire.
698:
two, in the vicinity, also joined in and words led to blows and a running fight down the Via
Leopardi in which other Tunisians from the vicinity of the Cafe Pasquale and Jews from the Mercato Rionale joined. The argument between the original Jew and Tunisians was forgotten and the cry was taken up by Arabs, presumed to be Tunisians, of "If we can't go to Palestine to fight the Jews lets fight them here". A crowd of Arabs quickly gathered and made for the Jewish quarter of the Old City via the Bab el Horria, Via Manzoni, Via Leopardi areas. Bombs were thrown by Jews at these Arabs who were themselves armed with sticks and stones.
652:: "But after 15th May, despite intensified frontier control by the French authorities, Tunisian and Algerian volunteers began to appear in increasing numbers in Tripoli en route for the training camps at Mersa Matruh. This gave a stimulus to local volunteering and the Tripoli Palestine Defense Committee were busily engaged in sending French and Libyan recruits Eastwards. At the same time many ardent young Zionists were departing for Italy on the first stage of their journey to Israel..... On 7th June Egypt announced she would accept no more volunteers from the West."
589:
receiving instructions and guidance from the State of Israel. Whether or not the change in attitude is the result of instructions or a progressive aggressiveness is hard to determine. Even with the aggressiveness or perhaps because of it, both Jewish and Arab leaders inform me that the inter-racial relations are better now than they have been for several years and that understanding, tolerance and cooperation are present at any top level meeting between the leaders of the two communities."
211:
47:
704:
Jews making for the Old City and others living in houses between Via
Leopardi and Via Manzoni. The Jews were retaliating and had taken up positions on rooftops. Looting had started in houses nearby to the Arab crowd. A police officer and a party of police from Market Police Station turned out and on
661:
British Public
Information Office "It was the presence of these disgruntled visitors combined with a certain aggressive spirit noticeable lately among the local Jewish youth (two Arabs had been taken to hospital on June 11th after incidents in which they had been beaten by Jews after isolated street
588:
In
November 1948, a few months after the riots, the American consul in Tripoli Orray Taft Jr. reported that: "There is reason to believe that the Jewish Community has become more aggressive as the result of the Jewish victories in Palestine. There is also reason to believe that the community here is
565:
According to the
British reports, the rioting broke out spontaneously. The Jewish defense measures had been prepared beforehand, with the British noting signs in Hebrew stating "It is good to die for one's country", and stated that during the riots the role of the Jewish organization "was not purely
697:
British Public
Information Office: "The Saturday morning and afternoon of June 12th were completely normal until 16.10 hrs. At this latter time a Jewish youth in the vicinity of the junction of Via Leopardi and Corso Sicilia became involved in an argument with an Arab. Some Tunisian Arabs, believed
592:
The insecurity which arose from anti-Jewish attacks led many Jews to abandon Libya and emigrate. The emigration, which was prompted by the 1945 Tripoli pogrom, had become a refugee "flood" with the ending of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. From 1948 to 1951, and especially after immigration became legal
541:
The
British Public Information Office also reported "a certain aggressive spirit noticeable lately among the local Jewish youth", noting two incidents the day prior to the riots in which two Arabs were hospitalised after beatings by Jews following street accidents. This combined with the transiting
707:
A bomb was thrown at the police party from the rooftops manned by Jews. This was followed by several shots from small arms. The police party opened fire and succeeded temporarily in clearing an area between the opposing factions. A general stand-to of police was ordered at 17.40 hrs and a curfew
533:
had begun a month earlier following the proclamation of the State of Israel, although
British-controlled Libya did not take part in the conflict. The proclamation of the State of Israel which began the war had "aroused among the Arabs less interest than was expected" in Tripoli according to the
1092:
569:
The riots resulted in the death of thirteen or fourteen Jews, four
Muslims, with 38 Jews and 51 Muslims being injured, and causing extensive property damage, and leaving approximately 300 families destitute. Jews in the surrounding countryside and in
1085:
1078:
538:, Tripoli became a transit point for both Tunisian and Algerian volunteers on their way to fight for Egypt, which had just announced no more volunteers would be accepted, as well as "ardent young Zionists" on their way to Israel.
410:
639:: "The proclamation of the state of Israel on 15th May 1948 aroused among the Arabs less interest then was expected and advice and pressure from B.M.A. prevented any public display of Jewish jubilation."
812:""They crossed the sea on dry land". The Jews of Libya in Italian Displaced Persons camps and the international refugee regime in the aftermath of the Second World War (1948–1949)"
1017:, "An Account issued by the Public Information Office drawn from official and semi-official sources, and the reports of eyewitnesses.", File No: FO 160/98, Dated: 12 June 1948
489:
688:: "Police and civilian eyewitnesses have uncontestably established that this was the initial incident from which arose, within minutes, the subsequent disorders."
594:
979:
700:
By 16.40 hrs a crowd of about 500 Arabs, mostly young boys, had taken up positions on the high waste ground to the immediate West of the Via Leopardi and were
17:
1248:
415:
482:
1047:, Chief Administrator of the British Military Administration in Tripolitania, File No: FO 160/98, Document ref: 18/B/16/6, Dated: 23 June 1948
425:
374:
38:
958:
80:
1188:
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475:
194:
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116:
1070:
1141:
1044:
685:
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649:
636:
535:
304:
562:, the Jewish community of Tripoli had prepared to defend itself. Jewish self-defense units fought back against the Muslim rioters.
507:
379:
73:
611:
225:
506:
were riots between the antisemitic rioters and Jewish communities of Tripoli and its surroundings in June 1948, during the
420:
340:
1223:
1208:
510:. The events resulted in 13–14 Jews and 4 Arabs dead and destruction of 280 Jewish homes. The events occurred during the
202:
983:
1218:
1213:
1062:
1125:
1115:
522:
The Jews of Libya had already suffered under Italian rule during World War II and shortly after it ended, when the
294:
448:
899:
NARA RG 84, Libya— Tripoli, General Records 1948–49; file 800–833, Taft to Secretary of State (23 November 1948)
1198:
1193:
1167:
1120:
1034:
1024:
364:
319:
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278:
705:
approaching the Jewish quarter from the Via Leopardi came under stone throwing from Jews on the city walls.
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369:
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559:
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324:
314:
989:
938:
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780:
729:
392:
257:
1102:
Anti-Jewish attacks in Arab countries during the 1948 Palestine war and its aftermath
1058:
942:
930:
849:
837:
922:
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819:
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1027:, Commissioner of Police, File No: FO 160/98, Document ref: S.15/1, 12 June 1948
1052:
993:
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345:
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230:
69:
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662:
accidents) that possibly provided the fuel for the outbreak which followed."
240:
95:
82:
46:
235:
832:
542:
volunteers "possibly provided the fuel for the outbreak which followed".
355:
267:
262:
148:
210:
534:
British authorities. However, according to the report of the British
1037:, Commissioner of Police, File No: FO 160/98, Dated: 19 June 1948
571:
247:
141:
755:
453:
288:
555:
881:
911:"The Forced Migration of Jews from Arab Countries"
781:"Libyan Constitutional Union – The Jews of Libya"
730:"Libyan Constitutional Union – The Jews of Libya"
1180:
526:claimed many Jewish lives three years earlier.
1086:
1054:Jewish Property Claims Against Arab Countries
1015:The disturbances in Tripoli of 12th June 1948
483:
593:in 1949, 30,972 Jews moved to Israel, which
584:Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries
117:United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine
1093:
1079:
818:(in Italian). Yearbook 2021 (299): 65–92.
756:"Riots Against Jews in Tripoli Take Place"
490:
476:
45:
39:1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine
1050:
985:Claiming Jewish Communal Property in Iraq
978:
887:
831:
956:History of the Jewish Community in Libya
949:
864:"The Jewish Community of Tripoli, Libya"
508:British Military Administration in Libya
908:
14:
1249:Massacres in the Arab–Israeli conflict
1181:
1031:Personal Observations on Police Action
1021:Appendix to Police Report on Disorders
612:1945 Anti-Jewish riots in Tripolitania
574:were subjected to additional attacks.
504:1948 Anti-Jewish riots in Tripolitania
18:1948 Anti-Jewish riots in Tripolitania
1074:
809:
753:
226:History of the Jews under Muslim rule
805:
803:
801:
1189:Anti-Jewish pogroms in North Africa
203:Jewish exodus from the Muslim world
24:
1234:Riots and civil disorder in Africa
1008:
25:
1260:
1168:Menarsha synagogue attack (Syria)
798:
785:www.libyanconstitutionalunion.net
734:www.libyanconstitutionalunion.net
708:ordered from 19.00 to 06.00hrs."
1142:Oujda and Jerada riots (Morocco)
1041:Arab-Jewish Disturbances Tripoli
810:Renzo, Chiara (1 January 2022).
754:Staff, C. I. E. (12 June 2022).
550:The rioting began on 12 June in
209:
972:
902:
893:
856:
691:
449:Expulsions and exoduses of Jews
773:
747:
722:
678:
665:
655:
642:
629:
279:Antisemitism in the Arab world
13:
1:
715:
517:
824:10.3280/icYearbook2021-oa004
607:History of the Jews in Libya
577:
459:Historical Jewish population
7:
1051:Fischbach, Michael (2013),
927:10.1080/1040265032000059742
600:
545:
10:
1265:
1224:June 1948 events in Africa
1209:Ethnic cleansing in Africa
1152:Tripolitania riots (Libya)
581:
1160:
1134:
1108:
164:
159:
135:
130:
122:
111:
64:
56:
44:
37:Part of Spillover of the
36:
31:
622:
558:. This time, unlike the
524:bloody pogrom in Tripoli
464:Islamic–Jewish relations
51:Downtown Tripoli, 1940's
1045:Brigadier T.R. Blackley
965:. Retrieved 1 July 2006
595:had gained independence
560:previous Tripoli pogrom
32:1948 Tripolitania riots
1147:Cairo bombings (Egypt)
1126:Manama riots (Bahrain)
432:The Forgotten Refugees
126:Rioting, melee attacks
1219:1948 Arab–Israeli War
1214:Arab–Israeli conflict
1199:Jewish Libyan history
1194:Antisemitism in Libya
980:Fischbach, Michael R.
909:Aharoni, Ada (2003).
531:1948 Arab–Israeli War
512:1948 Arab–Israeli War
253:Arab–Israeli conflict
160:Casualties and losses
96:32.90222°N 13.18583°E
1116:Aleppo riots (Syria)
961:18 July 2006 at the
868:dbs.anumuseum.org.il
816:Italia Contemporanea
74:British Tripolitania
1035:Colonel A. Saunders
1025:Colonel A. Saunders
686:Chief Administrator
673:Chief Administrator
650:Chief Administrator
637:Chief Administrator
617:1948 Cairo bombings
536:Chief Administrator
92: /
1239:Massacres in Libya
990:Middle East Report
393:Hurum air disaster
101:32.90222; 13.18583
1244:Massacres in 1948
1176:
1175:
1121:Aden riots (Aden)
702:throwing rocks at
500:
499:
333:Exodus by country
188:
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16:(Redirected from
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992:, archived from
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351:Operation Yachin
305:Oujda and Jerada
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1009:Further reading
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997:
996:on 20 June 2010
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963:Wayback Machine
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346:Operation Mural
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888:Fischbach 2008
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684:Report of the
677:
671:Report of the
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648:Report of the
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635:Report of the
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582:Main article:
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441:Related topics
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142:Libyan Muslims
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115:Disputes over
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1064:9780231517812
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936:
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928:
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920:
916:
912:
905:
896:
890:, p. 68.
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843:
839:
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833:10278/5015763
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445:
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429:
427:
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419:
417:
414:
412:
411:Awareness day
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48:
43:
40:
35:
30:
27:
19:
1204:Ethnic riots
1151:
1057:, Columbia,
1053:
1040:
1030:
1020:
1014:
998:, retrieved
994:the original
984:
973:Bibliography
951:
921:(1): 53–60.
918:
915:Peace Review
914:
904:
895:
883:
871:. Retrieved
867:
858:
815:
788:. Retrieved
784:
775:
763:. Retrieved
759:
749:
737:. Retrieved
733:
724:
693:
680:
667:
657:
644:
631:
591:
587:
568:
564:
549:
540:
528:
521:
503:
501:
430:
356:
310:Tripolitania
309:
287:
177:13–14 killed
60:12 June 1948
26:
739:18 February
403:Remembrance
268:Six-Day War
263:Suez Crisis
149:Libyan Jews
99: /
1229:1948 riots
1183:Categories
873:25 January
790:30 January
765:30 January
716:References
518:Background
218:Background
179:38 injured
172:51 injured
943:145345386
935:1040-2659
850:253170624
842:0392-1077
578:Aftermath
112:Caused by
87:13°11′9″E
84:32°54′8″N
982:(2008),
959:Archived
601:See also
572:Benghazi
546:The riot
389:Tunisia
258:1948 war
231:Sephardi
195:a series
193:Part of
170:4 killed
65:Location
1000:5 April
552:Tripoli
380:Lebanon
341:Morocco
325:Tripoli
320:Baghdad
248:Zionism
236:Mizrahi
131:Parties
123:Methods
70:Tripoli
1061:
941:
933:
848:
840:
454:Aliyah
416:JIMENA
295:Aleppo
289:Farhud
241:Yemeni
939:S2CID
846:S2CID
623:Notes
556:Libya
426:WOJAC
375:Egypt
365:Yemen
315:Cairo
1161:1949
1135:1948
1109:1947
1059:ISBN
1002:2010
931:ISSN
875:2024
838:ISSN
792:2023
767:2023
741:2022
529:The
502:The
421:JJAC
385:Iran
370:Iraq
357:Egoz
300:Aden
57:Date
923:doi
828:hdl
820:doi
760:CIE
1185::
1043:,
1033:,
1023:,
988:,
937:.
929:.
919:15
917:.
913:.
866:.
844:.
836:.
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