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1938 Austrian Anschluss referendum

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554: 199: 257: 503: 1089:. Several other claims were made that the vote was rigged. The result was "... the outcome of opportunism, ideological conviction, massive pressure, occasional vote rigging, and a propaganda machine that Austria's political culture had never before experienced." The massive pressure to which people were exposed came from the fact that many were marking the ballot paper in front of the campaign workers in order not to be suspected of voting against the Anschluss. The secrecy of the ballot was in practice non-existent. However, 279: 527: 661: 805: 36: 449: 1759: 733: 590: 931: 697: 873: 312: 476: 841: 769: 625: 1077:, which meant that about two-thirds of Austrians could be counted on to vote for the Anschluss. However, Innitzer was intimidated into endorsing Anschluss and was assaulted by Nazi supporters, and the Vatican condemned Nazism and forbade Catholics from supporting the Anschluss. 1049:, which not only meant significant losses of territory, but also a forced change of name from "German Austria" to "Austria". Furthermore, Article 88 of the treaty stated that "the independence of Austria is inalienable otherwise than with the consent of the Council of the 1804: 1103:
of 24, about 70% of Austrians would have voted to preserve the Austrian independence. In case of a fair plebiscite, the Anschluss would have been supported only by 20% of the Austrian population. According to some
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claimed sovereignty over the majority German-speaking territory of the former Habsburg empire. According to its provisional constitution it declared to be part of the also newly founded
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Political enemies (communists, socialists, etc.) and Austrian citizens of Roma or Jewish origin—roughly 360,000 people or 8% of the Austrian population—were not allowed to vote in the
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The Austrian government had planned a referendum to assert its sovereignty for 13 March 1938, but Germany invaded Austria the day before in order to prevent the vote taking place.
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Günther Bischof, Fritz Plasser, Barbara Stelzl-Marx eds. 2009. New Perspectives on Austrian and World War II. In: Contemporary Austrian Studies , Volume 17. New Brunswick. p.11.
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Do you agree with the reunification of Austria with the German Reich that was enacted on 13 March 1938 and do you vote for the party of our leader Adolf Hitler?
1369: 1004:. German troops had already occupied Austria one month earlier, on 12 March 1938. The official result was reported as 99.73% in favour, with a 99.71% turnout. 463: 491: 1725: 2180: 1834: 1321: 971: 152: 2154: 2149: 2144: 2139: 2134: 2129: 2124: 1747: 428: 422: 417: 1881: 1633: 1042:
in 1921, where majorities of 98.77% and 99.11% voted for a unification with Germany, showed that it was also backed by the population.
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Sandra Paweronschitz. 2006. Zwischen Anspruch und Anpassung. Journalisten und der Presseclub Concordia im Dritten Reich. Wien. p.21
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The ballots featured a large circle for 'yes' votes and a small one for 'no' votes. This was described as a
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were "largely honest". However, according to the estimates of the Austrian government, with the
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reports, only a quarter to a third of Austrian voters in Vienna were in favour of the
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The Psychology of Social Influence: Modes and Modalities of Shifting Common Sense
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Hitler's Austria : popular sentiment in the Nazi era, 1938-1945
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The officially published results showed 99.73% of voters in favour.
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The International Relations of Austria and the Anschluss 1931–1938
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The International Relations of Austria and the Anschluss 1931–1938
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Austria, 10 April 1938: Anschluss with Germany, Reichstag list
1531:. Kremayr & Scheriau, 1995, (chapter „Heim ins Reich“). 833: 761: 1551:"Germans from England - "Ja" on a Special Trip Out to Sea" 1672:. Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press. 1439:
Kardinal Dr. Theodor Innitzer und der Nationalsozialismus
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in 1938 claimed that the results of the referendum and
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Vote regarding the 1938 German annexation of Austria
1500: 1473:Sammut, Gordon; Bauer, Martin W. (7 January 2021). 1417: 1686: 1665: 1355: 1334: 1319:The propagandistic preparation for the referendum 1053:", to prevent any attempt to unite with Germany. 2202: 1479:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 207–208. 1456:The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930–1965 1775: 1446: 1242:After the referendum's "approval", Austria was 1543: 1529:Der große Bildatlas zur Geschichte Österreichs 1741: 1687:Gellately, Robert; Stoltzfus, Nathan (2001). 965: 1328:Documentation Centre of Austrian Resistance 1472: 1748: 1734: 1605: 1580:. University of Wyoming. pp. 367–369. 1045:In September 1919 Austria had to sign the 972: 958: 1705: 1620: 1599: 1069:endorsed Hitler on 3 April and Cardinal 1626: 1462:. Indiana University Press. p. 22. 1435: 1429: 22:This article is part of a series on the 2203: 1584: 1569: 1521: 1466: 1452: 1394:24. April 1921: Anschluss with Germany 1729: 1663: 1595:. University of Wyoming. p. 370. 1590: 1575: 1506: 1423: 1343: 1297: 1216: 1205: 1194: 1183: 1135: 1764:Elections and referendums in Austria 1608:Adolf Hitler from speeches 1933-1938 1409:29. Mai 1921: Anschluss with Germany 1276:Elections in Europe: A data handbook 1073:, the highest representative of the 1061:The referendum was supported by the 1708:The Third Reich in Power, 1933-1939 13: 1367: 1063:Social Democratic Party of Austria 14: 2242: 1265: 2231:Austria under National Socialism 1757: 1689:Social Outsiders in Nazi Germany 929: 871: 839: 803: 767: 731: 695: 659: 623: 588: 552: 525: 501: 474: 447: 310: 277: 255: 197: 34: 1610:. Terramare Office. p. 23. 1534: 1512: 1691:. Princeton University Press. 1402: 1387: 1361: 1356:Gellately & Stoltzfus 2001 1312: 1288: 1: 1636:. MSN Encarta. Archived from 1453:Phayer, John Michael (2000). 1253: 1120:The referendum question was: 1017: 1606:von Halasz, Joachim (1938). 1237: 1000:on 10 April 1938, alongside 996:was held in German-occupied 342:Supreme Administrative Court 294:Joint session of both houses 7: 1274:& Philip Stöver (2010) 1056: 10: 2247: 1787:Imperial Council elections 1706:J. Evans, Richard (2006). 1442:(in German). pp. 7–8. 1115: 1080: 1075:Catholic Church in Austria 348:(administrative law cases) 336:(civil and criminal cases) 2211:1938 elections in Austria 2163: 2115: 2032: 1872: 1867:(1918–1934, 1945–present) 1861: 1857: 1785: 1774: 1770: 1664:Bukey, Evan Burr (2000). 1294:Nohlen & Stöver, p762 1227: 1217:Registered voters/turnout 1179: 1168: 1157: 1146: 1141: 1138: 272:Upper house of parliament 1557:. 1938-05-02. p. 21 1436:Krieger, Walter (1980). 1248:administrative divisions 1034:. Later plebiscites in 330:Supreme Court of Justice 119:Alexander Van der Bellen 1874:Parliamentary elections 1047:Treaty of Saint Germain 484:Social Democratic Party 2216:Referendums in Austria 2034:Presidential elections 1324:April 4, 2007, at the 1126: 1097:its German counterpart 1591:Knaur, Peter (1951). 1576:Knaur, Peter (1951). 1122: 571:Beate Meinl-Reisinger 1026:, the newly founded 318:Constitutional Court 1640:on 8 September 2009 1527:Wilhelm J. Wagner: 1374:The First World War 1250:into Nazi Germany. 1195:Invalid/blank votes 1132: 169:Nehammer government 28:Politics of Austria 2117:European elections 1368:Scharf, Michaela. 1131: 936:Austria portal 857:Mayor and Governor 2226:April 1938 events 2198: 2197: 2194: 2193: 1853: 1852: 1717:978-0-14-100976-6 1710:. Penguin Books. 1486:978-1-108-24441-1 1411:Direct Democracy 1396:Direct Democracy 1306:Direct Democracy 1284:978-3-8329-5609-7 1235: 1234: 1051:League of Nations 1022:After the end of 982: 981: 443:Political parties 324:(judicial review) 2238: 2221:1938 referendums 1859: 1858: 1772: 1771: 1762: 1761: 1750: 1743: 1736: 1727: 1726: 1721: 1702: 1683: 1671: 1650: 1649: 1647: 1645: 1630: 1624: 1618: 1612: 1611: 1603: 1597: 1596: 1588: 1582: 1581: 1573: 1567: 1566: 1564: 1562: 1547: 1541: 1538: 1532: 1525: 1519: 1516: 1510: 1504: 1498: 1497: 1495: 1493: 1470: 1464: 1463: 1461: 1450: 1444: 1443: 1433: 1427: 1421: 1415: 1414: 1406: 1400: 1399: 1391: 1385: 1384: 1382: 1380: 1365: 1359: 1353: 1347: 1341: 1332: 1331: 1316: 1310: 1309: 1301: 1295: 1292: 1286: 1269: 1230:Direct Democracy 1133: 1130: 1071:Theodor Innitzer 974: 967: 960: 938: 934: 933: 932: 875: 843: 807: 771: 735: 699: 663: 627: 592: 556: 529: 505: 478: 451: 314: 287:Federal Assembly 281: 259: 251: 243: 235: 227: 219: 206:National 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Evans 2006 1617: 1609: 1602: 1594: 1587: 1579: 1572: 1556: 1552: 1546: 1537: 1530: 1524: 1515: 1509:, p. 34. 1508: 1503: 1488: 1482: 1478: 1477: 1469: 1458: 1457: 1449: 1441: 1440: 1432: 1426:, p. 36. 1425: 1420: 1410: 1405: 1395: 1390: 1375: 1371: 1364: 1357: 1352: 1346:, p. 38. 1345: 1340: 1338: 1327: 1323: 1320: 1315: 1305: 1300: 1291: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1272:Dieter Nohlen 1268: 1264: 1261: 1260: 1251: 1249: 1245: 1231: 1226: 1222: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1149: 1145: 1134: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1113: 1111: 1107: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1093: 1088: 1078: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1054: 1052: 1048: 1043: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1015: 1013: 1008: 1005: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 975: 970: 968: 963: 961: 956: 955: 953: 952: 946: 943: 942: 937: 926: 925: 924: 923: 916: 913: 911: 908: 907: 903: 899: 898: 894: 890: 887: 886: 883: 882: 878: 877: 876: 874: 866: 863: 862: 858: 855: 854: 851: 850: 846: 845: 844: 842: 835: 831: 830: 826: 822: 819: 818: 815: 814: 813:Upper Austria 810: 809: 808: 806: 799: 795: 794: 790: 786: 783: 782: 779: 778: 774: 773: 772: 770: 763: 759: 758: 754: 750: 747: 746: 743: 742: 738: 737: 736: 734: 727: 723: 722: 718: 714: 711: 710: 707: 706: 702: 701: 700: 698: 691: 687: 686: 682: 678: 675: 674: 671: 670: 669:Lower Austria 666: 665: 664: 662: 655: 651: 650: 646: 642: 639: 638: 635: 634: 630: 629: 628: 626: 619: 615: 614: 610: 606: 603: 602: 599: 598: 594: 593: 591: 585: 580: 579: 572: 568: 567: 564: 563: 559: 558: 557: 555: 548: 547:Werner Kogler 544: 541: 540: 537: 536: 532: 531: 530: 528: 521: 520:Herbert Kickl 517: 516: 513: 512: 511:Freedom Party 508: 507: 506: 504: 497: 493: 490: 489: 486: 485: 481: 480: 479: 477: 469: 468:Karl Nehammer 465: 462: 461: 458: 457: 453: 452: 450: 444: 439: 438: 431: 430: 426: 424: 421: 419: 416: 415: 411: 410: 407: 404: 402: 399: 397: 394: 393: 390:Presidential: 389: 388: 385: 384: 380: 378: 375: 373: 370: 369: 365: 364: 361: 356: 355: 347: 346: 343: 340: 339: 335: 334: 331: 328: 327: 323: 322: 319: 316: 315: 313: 307: 302: 301: 293: 292: 289: 288: 284: 283: 282: 280: 271: 270: 267: 266: 262: 261: 260: 258: 252: 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 208: 207: 203: 202: 200: 194: 189: 188: 181: 177: 174: 173: 170: 167: 166: 162: 161:Werner Kogler 159: 158: 154: 150: 149: 145: 144: 141: 140:Karl Nehammer 138: 137: 133: 129: 128: 124: 123: 120: 117: 116: 112: 108: 107: 103: 102: 99: 94: 93: 86: 83: 81: 78: 76: 73: 71: 68: 66: 63: 62: 58: 54: 51: 50: 47: 42: 41: 37: 33: 32: 29: 26: 25: 21: 20: 2170: 2021: 1863:Republic of 1778:Cisleithania 1707: 1688: 1667: 1657:Bibliography 1656: 1655: 1642:. 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Index

Politics of Austria

Law
Constitution
B-VG
Taxation
State Treaty
Human rights
Neutrality
Supreme organs
Executive
President
list
Alexander Van der Bellen
Chancellor
list
Karl Nehammer
Vice Chancellor
list
Werner Kogler
Nehammer government
Cabinet
Ministers
Legislature

National Council
Wöginger
Rendi-Wagner
Kickl
Maurer

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