30:
638:
263:
400:
would maintain this coalition through an extensive patronage network that allowed him to govern without having to rely on the day-to-day coercion found in
Central America’s military-authoritarian regimes."
434:
372:
385:
In
November Conservative and Liberal committees supporting the bi-partisan agreement met and decided to abstain from voting on 8 December. Their decision had the practical result of withdrawing the
339:
on 23 June 1936 claiming that his life was in danger. After
Chamorro's departure from the country, the Conservatives were divided as to what to do in the coming elections. One faction, headed by
673:
668:
663:
658:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
396:
built an electoral coalition that included urban businessmen, some urban and rural laborers, rightist middle-class groups, and some ex-Conservatives. In the years to come,
565:
Cardenal TellerĂa, Marco A. Nicaragua y su historia: cronologĂa del acontecer histĂłrico y construcciĂłn de la naciĂłn nicaragĂĽense. Managua: Banco
MercantĂl. Volume I. 2000.
1041:
1036:
546:
Mahoney, James. The legacies of liberalism: path dependence and political regimes in
Central America. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. 2001. Pp. 233.
115:
586:
Millett, Richard. Guardians of the dynasty: a history of the U.S. created
Guardia Nacional de Nicaragua and the Somoza Family. Maryknoll: Orbis Books. 1977.
580:
Mahoney, James. The legacies of liberalism: path dependence and political regimes in
Central America. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. 2001.
598:
Stahler-Sholk, Richard. “Building democracy in
Nicaragua.” Liberalization and redemocratization in Latin America. 1987. Westport: Greenwood Press. 1987.
921:
896:
886:
604:
300:
1046:
626:
1082:
528:
Bulmer-Thomas, Victor. "Nicaragua since 1930." Central
America since independence. 1991. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Pp. 244.
1072:
328:
was totally uneventful. "The old party leadership was swept aside in favor of a new group of younger, more dynamic and ambitious men."
571:
Elections in the
Americas A Data Handbook Volume 1. North America, Central America, and the Caribbean. Edited by Dieter Nohlen. 2005.
244:
231:
227:
216:
562:
Bulmer-Thomas, Victor. “ Nicaragua since 1930.” Central America since independence. 1991. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
876:
866:
856:
851:
841:
831:
193:
273:
733:
718:
703:
324:
On 16 June the Liberal party met in LeĂłn to hold its convention and name its candidate for the presidency. The nomination of
134:
293:
583:
Merrill, Tim L., ed. Nicaragua : a country study. Washington: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. 1994.
619:
574:
Leonard, Thomas M. The United States and Central America, 1944–1949. Tuscaloosa: The University of Alabama Press. 1984.
537:
MacRenato, Ternot. Somoza: seizure of power, 1926-1939. La Jolla: University of California, San Diego. 1991. Pp. 269.
519:
Walter, Knut. The regime of Anastasio Somoza, 1936-1956. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina. 1993. Pp. 58.
510:
Walter, Knut. The regime of Anastasio Somoza, 1936-1956. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina. 1993. Pp. 52.
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
916:
911:
906:
901:
891:
871:
861:
846:
836:
826:
821:
816:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
728:
713:
708:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
592:
Rojas Bolaños, Manuel. “La polĂtica.” Historia general de CentroamĂ©rica. 1994. San JosĂ©: FLACSO. Volume five, 1994.
183:
178:
173:
634:
382:
resigned as Jefe Director of the National Guard so that his ascent to power could remain within the constitution.
1067:
1022:
356:
454:
318:
286:
206:
808:
612:
601:
Walter, Knut. The regime of Anastasio Somoza, 1936–1956. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina. 1993.
110:
577:
MacRenato, Ternot. Somoza: seizure of power, 1926–1939. La Jolla: University of California, San Diego. 1991.
458:
463:
386:
360:
344:
367:'s response was to promote the formation of a rival Conservative party that would support his candidacy.
146:
85:
1077:
439:
397:
393:
379:
368:
364:
352:
325:
430:
43:
340:
332:
317:
on 8 December 1936 to elect a President, half of the Deputies and one-third of the Senators of the
249:
141:
55:
119:
650:
642:
159:
73:
50:
20:
348:
595:
Smith, Hazel. Nicaragua: self-determination and survival. London : Pluto Press. 1993.
559:
Alexander, Robert J. Latin American political parties. New York: Praeger Publishers. 1973.
8:
239:
267:
90:
1061:
78:
29:
392:"Although he ran in the 1936 elections without any significant opposition,
568:
Cole Chamorro, Alejandro. 145 años de historia polĂtica. Managua. 1967.
336:
637:
314:
359:, which joined up with the Chamorrista Conservatives to support
347:
according to the Liberal-Conservative pact signed just before
1037:
Elections in the North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region
589:
Political handbook of the world 1937. New York, 1938.
351:
was removed from office. A dissident faction of anti-
363:and Espinoza as his vice-presidential candidate.
1059:
620:
294:
343:, decided to carry on with the candidacy of
627:
613:
301:
287:
371:'s Conservatives organized the so-called
1042:South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region
1060:
608:
413:
1083:Presidential elections in Nicaragua
1047:Federal Republic of Central America
13:
14:
1094:
1073:1936 elections in Central America
636:
261:
28:
553:
357:Constitutionalist Liberal Party
313:General elections were held in
540:
531:
522:
513:
504:
435:Conservative Nationalist Party
373:Conservative Nationalist Party
1:
497:
459:Constitutional Liberal Party
213:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
7:
10:
1099:
404:
1031:
975:
807:
649:
490:
486:
475:
464:Leonardo ArgĂĽello Barreto
431:Nationalist Liberal Party
422:
419:
416:
345:Leonardo ArgĂĽello Barreto
219:: Denis Moncada Colindres
333:Emiliano Chamorro Vargas
135:Administrative divisions
809:Parliamentary elections
440:Anastasio Somoza GarcĂa
326:Anastasio Somoza GarcĂa
1068:Elections in Nicaragua
651:Presidential elections
643:Elections in Nicaragua
228:Diplomatic missions of
120:Gustavo Porras Cortés
21:Politics of Nicaragua
355:Liberals formed the
349:Juan Bautista Sacasa
268:Nicaragua portal
976:Municipal elections
410:
455:Conservative Party
409:
389:-Espinosa ticket.
1078:1936 in Nicaragua
1055:
1054:
495:
494:
319:National Congress
311:
310:
245:Visa requirements
207:Foreign relations
194:Political parties
166:Recent elections
111:National Assembly
1090:
641:
640:
629:
622:
615:
606:
605:
547:
544:
538:
535:
529:
526:
520:
517:
511:
508:
411:
408:
303:
296:
289:
266:
265:
264:
32:
16:
15:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1051:
1027:
971:
803:
645:
635:
633:
556:
551:
550:
545:
541:
536:
532:
527:
523:
518:
514:
509:
505:
500:
407:
307:
278:
274:Other countries
262:
260:
255:
254:
236:
224:
209:
199:
198:
188:
162:
152:
151:
137:
127:
126:
106:
98:
97:
91:Rosario Murillo
69:
61:
60:
46:
23:
12:
11:
5:
1096:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
979:
977:
973:
972:
970:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
813:
811:
805:
804:
802:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
655:
653:
647:
646:
632:
631:
624:
617:
609:
603:
602:
599:
596:
593:
590:
587:
584:
581:
578:
575:
572:
569:
566:
563:
560:
555:
552:
549:
548:
539:
530:
521:
512:
502:
501:
499:
496:
493:
492:
491:Source: Nohlen
488:
487:
484:
483:
480:
477:
473:
472:
469:
466:
461:
452:
449:
448:
445:
442:
437:
428:
425:
424:
421:
418:
415:
406:
403:
309:
308:
306:
305:
298:
291:
283:
280:
279:
277:
276:
270:
257:
256:
253:
252:
247:
242:
235:
234:
223:
222:
221:
220:
210:
205:
204:
201:
200:
197:
196:
191:
190:
189:
187:
186:
181:
176:
169:
163:
158:
157:
154:
153:
150:
149:
147:Municipalities
144:
138:
133:
132:
129:
128:
125:
124:
123:
122:
107:
104:
103:
100:
99:
96:
95:
94:
93:
86:Vice President
83:
82:
81:
70:
67:
66:
63:
62:
59:
58:
53:
47:
42:
41:
38:
37:
34:
33:
25:
24:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1095:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
980:
978:
974:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
814:
812:
810:
806:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
656:
654:
652:
648:
644:
639:
630:
625:
623:
618:
616:
611:
610:
607:
600:
597:
594:
591:
588:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
557:
543:
534:
525:
516:
507:
503:
489:
485:
481:
478:
474:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
456:
453:
451:
450:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
432:
429:
427:
426:
412:
402:
399:
395:
390:
388:
383:
381:
376:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
331:Ex-President
329:
327:
322:
320:
316:
304:
299:
297:
292:
290:
285:
284:
282:
281:
275:
272:
271:
269:
259:
258:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
237:
233:
229:
226:
225:
218:
215:
214:
212:
211:
208:
203:
202:
195:
192:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
171:
170:
168:
167:
165:
164:
161:
156:
155:
148:
145:
143:
140:
139:
136:
131:
130:
121:
117:
114:
113:
112:
109:
108:
102:
101:
92:
89:
88:
87:
84:
80:
79:Daniel Ortega
77:
76:
75:
72:
71:
65:
64:
57:
54:
52:
49:
48:
45:
40:
39:
36:
35:
31:
27:
26:
22:
18:
17:
881:
723:
554:Bibliography
542:
533:
524:
515:
506:
391:
384:
378:In November
377:
330:
323:
312:
232:in Nicaragua
51:Abortion law
44:Constitution
250:Visa policy
142:Departments
105:Legislature
56:LGBT rights
1062:Categories
1035:See also:
897:1947 (Aug)
892:1947 (Feb)
734:1947 (Aug)
729:1947 (Feb)
724:1936 (Dec)
719:1936 (Jun)
498:References
337:Costa Rica
417:Candidate
335:left for
315:Nicaragua
172:General:
160:Elections
116:President
74:President
68:Executive
387:ArgĂĽello
361:ArgĂĽello
341:Chamorro
240:Passport
217:Minister
405:Results
482:100.00
479:80,663
468:16,663
444:64,000
398:Somoza
394:Somoza
380:Somoza
369:Somoza
365:Somoza
353:Somoza
476:Total
471:20.66
447:79.34
420:Votes
414:Party
1023:2022
1018:2017
1013:2012
1008:2009
1003:2008
998:2004
993:2000
988:1996
983:1990
967:2021
962:2016
957:2011
952:2006
947:2001
942:1996
937:1990
932:1984
927:1974
922:1972
917:1967
912:1963
907:1957
902:1950
887:1938
882:1936
877:1934
872:1932
867:1930
862:1928
857:1927
852:1926
847:1924
842:1922
837:1920
832:1918
827:1916
822:1914
817:1912
799:2021
794:2016
789:2011
784:2006
779:2001
774:1996
769:1990
764:1984
759:1974
754:1967
749:1963
744:1957
739:1950
714:1932
709:1928
704:1926
699:1924
694:1920
689:1916
684:1914
679:1912
674:1906
669:1902
664:1871
659:1856
184:2021
179:2016
174:2011
1064::
375:.
321:.
230:/
118::
628:e
621:t
614:v
457:–
433:–
423:%
302:e
295:t
288:v
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