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police to fire shotguns in the air, and then revolvers at the crowd. Other eyewitness accounts claim that police officers started shooting in the direction of the strikers, provoking strikers to defend themselves. Policemen fired a shotgun into the crowd, striking three men in intersection of
Steuart and Mission streets. One of the men, Howard Sperry, a striking longshoreman, later died of his wounds. Another man, Charles Olsen, was also shot but later recovered from his wounds. A third man, Nick Bordoise – a Greek by birth (originally named Nick Counderakis) who was an out of work member of the cook's union volunteering at the ILA strike kitchen – was shot but managed to make his way around the corner onto Spear Street, where he was found several hours later. Like Sperry, he died at the hospital.
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teamsters supporting their demands. Employers conceded many of these battles, giving workers even more confidence in demanding that employers lighten unbearably heavy loads. Longshoremen also began dictating other terms, fining members who worked more than the ceiling of 120 hours per month, filing charges against a gang boss for "slandering colored brothers" and forcing employers to fire strikebreakers. Other unions went further: the
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march made an enormous impact on San
Franciscans, making a general strike, which had formerly been "the visionary dream of a small group of the most radical workers, became ... a practical and realizable objective." After dozens of Bay Area unions voted for a general strike over the next few days, the San Francisco Labor Council voted on July 14 to call a general strike. The Teamsters had already been out for two days by that point.
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710:, housing them on moored ships or in walled compounds and bringing them to and from work under police protection. Strikers attacked the stockade housing strikebreakers in San Pedro on May 15; police fired into the strikers, killing two and injuring many. The killing of Dick Parker created resentment up and down the coast. Daily similar smaller clashes broke out in San Francisco and
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Further raids were carried out at the
Workers' Open Forum at 1223 Fillmore street and the Western Worker building opposite City Hall that contained a bookstore and the main offices of the Communist Party, which was thoroughly destroyed. Attacks were also perpetrated on the 121 Haight Street Workers' School and the Mission Workers' Neighborhood House at 741
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employer did not hire a worker dispatched from the hall, the ILA soon controlled hiring on the docks. The employers complained that the union wanted to "sovietize" the waterfront. Workers complained that the employers were exploiting them for cheap labor and forcing them to work in unsafe conditions without reasonable safety measures.
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The following day, several thousand strikers, families and sympathizers took part in a funeral procession down Market Street, stretching more than a mile and a half, for
Nicholas Bordoise and Howard Sperry, the two persons killed on "Bloody Thursday". The police were wholly absent from the scene. The
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These newly emboldened workers first went after the "blue book" union, refusing to pay dues to it and tearing up their membership books. The militants who had published "The
Waterfront Worker", now known as the "Albion Hall group" after their usual meeting place, continued organizing dock committees
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The
Roosevelt administration tried again to broker a deal to end the strike, but the membership twice rejected the agreements their leadership brought to them and continued the strike. The employers then decided to make a show of force to reopen the port in San Francisco. On Tuesday, July 3, fights
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soup kitchen at 84 Embarcadero. Moving on, the
Workers' Ex-Servicemen's League's headquarters on Howard between Third and Fourth was raided, leading to 150 arrests and the complete destruction of the facilities. The employer's group, the Industrial Association, had agents riding with the police.
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Strikers immediately cordoned off the area where the two picketers had been shot, laying flowers and wreaths around it. Police arrived to remove the flowers and drive off the picketers minutes later. Once the police left, the strikers returned, replaced the flowers and stood guard over the spot.
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The events took a violent turn that afternoon, as hostilities resumed outside of the ILA strike kitchen. Eyewitness accounts differ on the exact events that transpired next. According to some witnesses, a group of strikers first surrounded a police car and attempted to tip it over, prompting the
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continues to recognize "Bloody
Thursday" by shutting down all West Coast ports every July 5 and honoring Nick Bordoise, Howard Sperry and all of the other workers killed by police during the strike. The ILWU has frequently stopped work for political protests against, among other things, Italy's
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The arbitration award issued on
October 12, 1934, cemented the ILA's power. While the award put the operation of the hall in the hands of a committee of union and employer representatives, the union was given the power to select the dispatcher. Since longshoremen were prepared to walk out if an
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of the ILA, the Albion Hall group started in March, 1934 to press demands for a coastwide contract, a union-run hiring hall and an industry wide waterfront federation. When the conservative ILA leadership negotiated a weak "gentlemen's agreement" with the employers that had been brokered by the
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The strike lasted four days. Non-union truck drivers joined the first day; the movie theaters and night clubs closed down. While food deliveries continued with the permission of the strike committee, many small businesses closed, posting signs in support of the strikers. Reports that unions in
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The arbitration award also gave longshoremen a raise to ninety-five cents ($ 22 in 2023 dollars) an hour for straight time work, just shy of the dollar an hour it demanded during the strike. It was also awarded a contract that applied up and down the West Coast. The strike also prompted union
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two years later. The West Coast district of the ILA broke off from the
International in 1937 to form the International Longshoremen's Union, later renamed the International Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's Union after the union's "march inland" to organize warehouse workers, then renamed the
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While some of the most powerful people in San Francisco considered the strike's denouement to be a victory for the employers, many longshoremen and seamen did not. Spontaneous strikes over grievances and workplace conditions broke out as strikers returned to their jobs, with longshoremen and
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The calling of a general strike had an unexpected result: it gave the General Strike Committee, whose makeup was far less militant than the longshoremen's strike committee, effective control over the maritime strike itself. When the Labor Council voted to terminate the general strike it also
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That, however, left the striking seamen in the lurch: the employers had refused to arbitrate with the ISU unless it first won elections on the fleets on strike. While Bridges, who had preached solidarity among all maritime workers and scorned arbitration, apologized to the seamen for the
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had led to a spontaneous significant rise in union membership among coal miners in 1933, thousands of longshoremen now joined the fledgling ILA locals that reappeared on the West Coast. The MWIU faded away as party activists followed the mass of West Coast longshoremen into the ILA.
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642:, which focused on longshoremen's most pressing demands: more men on each gang, lighter loads and an independent union. While a number of the individuals in this group were Communist Party members, the group as a whole was independent of the party: although it criticized the
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were placed on alert. The picketers pulled back, unwilling to take on armed soldiers in an uneven fight, and trucks and trains began moving without interference. Bridges asked the San Francisco Labor Council to meet that Saturday, July 7, to authorize a general strike. The
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The general strike began on the 16th, involving some 150,000 workers. On the 17th the police arrested more than 300 "radicals, subversives, and communists" while systematically smashing furniture and equipment of organizations related to the strike; the same day, General
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Upon hearing that replacement crews were about to take two oil tankers out of the port, union members went to the dock. When the longshoremen tried to get past the dock's gates, they were ambushed by guards. Worker Shelvy Daffron was shot in the back and later died.
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As the strike raged along the waterfront at the base of Telegraph Hill, many claimed that the labor unrest was influenced by members of the Communist Party. Simultaneously, the PWAP took notice of blatant communist references in the Coit Tower murals painted by
746:, president of those in San Francisco, thought the maritime strike had lasted too long. They encouraged the strikers to take what they could get from the employers and threatened to use Teamsters as strikebreakers if the ILA did not return to work.
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James Connor, a 22-year-old college student and newlywed working as a replacement worker on his vacation, was shot and killed in an altercation with striking longshoremen. This was one of a string of violent incidents, including visiting Senator
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after a series of failed strikes. Longshoremen in San Francisco, then the major port on the coast, were required to go through a hiring hall operated by a company union, known as the "blue book" system for the color of the membership book.
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As strikers carried wounded picketers into the ILA union hall police fired on the hall and lobbed tear gas canisters at nearby hotels. At this point someone reportedly called the union hall to ask "Are you willing to arbitrate now?".
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When striking longshoremen surrounded a San Francisco police car and tried to tip it over, the police shot into the air, and then fired into the crowd, killing Nick Bordoise (originally named Nick Counderakis) and Howard Sperry.
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was the first example of coastwide organizational unity among West Coast longshore workers. The strike resulted in a massive defeat for the ILA, and employers began an effort to eliminate the ILA's presence on the waterfront.
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When 500 strikers attacked and tried to set fire to a ship housing strikebreakers in San Pedro, police unsuccessfully tried to stop them with tear gas, then shot into the crowd, killing strikers Dick Parker and John Knudsen.
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The union soon utilized the "quickie strike" tactic to force many concessions from employers such as safer working conditions and better pay. Similarly, even though an arbitrator held that the 1935 Agreement prohibited
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supported the strikers by refusing to handle "hot cargo" – goods which had been unloaded by strikebreakers – although the Teamsters' leadership was not as supportive. By the end of May,
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654:, as corrupt, it did not embrace the MWIU, but called instead for creation of small knots of activists at each port to serve as the first step in a slow, careful movement to unionize the industry.
761:(on Telegraph Hill, close to the location of the strike in San Francisco), leading to the postponing of the tower's July 7 opening, and later to the removal of communist symbols from two of the
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and other types of job actions in order to win better working conditions. While the official leadership of the ILA remained in the hands of conservatives sent to the West Coast by President
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longshoremen's vote, the President of the ISU urged them to hold out and to burn their "fink books", the membership records of the company union to which they had been forced to pay dues.
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After a quiet Fourth of July, the employers' organization, the Industrial Association, tried to open the port of San Francisco even further on Thursday, July 5. As spectators watched from
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Central Labor Council in Oakland considered the same action. Teamsters in both San Francisco and Oakland voted to strike, over the objections of their leaders, on Sunday, July 8.
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a documentary film that told the story of the strike, was broadcast on PBS stations across the nation and was awarded a Los Angeles Area Emmy for best historical film in 2010.
37: Confrontation between a policeman wielding a night stick and a striker during the San Francisco General Strike, 1934
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of all disputed issues. When the National Longshore Board put the employer's proposal to arbitrate to a vote of striking longshoremen, it passed in every port except
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thinking remained popular on the docks. Longshoremen and sailors on the West Coast also had contacts with an Australian syndicalist movement that called itself the "
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635:, an Australian-born sailor who became a longshoreman after coming to the United States, was repeatedly accused for his acknowledged Communist party membership.
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1111:, an upscale community surrounded by Oakland on all sides, the chief of police prepared for a reported attack by strikers on the homes of wealthy ship-owners.
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Shipping companies, government officials, some union leaders and the press began to raise fears that the strike was the result of communist agitation. This "
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The rift between the seamen's and longshoremen's unions deepened and became more complex in the succeeding years, as Bridges continually fought with the
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Though Sperry and Bordoise had been shot several blocks apart, this spot became synonymous with the memory of the two slain men and "Bloody Thursday".
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An Exercise in Hysteria: San Francisco's Red Raids of 1934 – David F. Selvin – The Pacific Historical Review, Vol. 58, No. 3 (Aug., 1989), pp. 361–374
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The strike began on May 9, 1934, as longshoremen in every West Coast port walked out; sailors joined them several days later. The employers recruited
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had attempted to organize longshoremen, sailors and fishermen in the 1920s through their Marine Transport Workers Union. Their largest strike, the
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about the National Guard Tanks that were stationed in the city, starting Monday July 16, 1934 (plenty of photo documentation exists online).
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in San Francisco between police and strikers while a handful of trucks driven by young businessmen made it through the picket line.
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had also been active in the area in the late 1920s, seeking to organize all categories of maritime workers into a single union, the
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to create revolutionary unions. The MWIU never made much headway on the West Coast, but it did attract a number of former
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in Alameda County someone erected a scaffold in front of the city hall with a noose and a sign stating "Reds beware". In
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Sam Kagel, the last surviving member of the original union steering committee, died on May 21, 2007, at the age of 98.
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in the major port city for four days and led ultimately to the settlement of the West Coast Longshoremen's Strike.
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of all of the West Coast ports of the United States. The San Francisco General Strike of 1934, along with the
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and turned them over to the sheriff of an adjoining county, who transported them to another county. In
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1933–1988. 4.58 cubic ft. (5 boxes). At the University of Washington Libraries Special Collections.
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to organize the Department Store Workers Union and the Retail Clerks Association in San Francisco.
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694:
490:, as well as a number of variations on these names) lasted 83 days, and began on May 9, 1934, when
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contains digitized materials related to the history of the ILWU, including 1934 strike bulletins.
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coming under fire. A second replacement worker named R.A. Griffin was also wounded in the head.
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from Drumm to Front with machine gun mounted trucks to assist vigilante raids, protected by
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1361:"International Longshore and Warehouse Union, Local 19 (Seattle) records - Archives West"
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Please expand the section to include this information. Further details may exist on the
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3599:, by William Bigelow & Norman Diamond, Oregon Historical Quarterly, Spring 1988
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moved in that evening to patrol the waterfront. Similarly, federal soldiers of the
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Reds or Rackets?: The Making of Radical and Conservative Unions on the Waterfront
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Reds or Rackets?: The Making of Radical and Conservative Unions on the Waterfront
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Reds or Rackets?: The Making of Radical and Conservative Unions on the Waterfront
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Reds or Rackets, The Making of Radical and Conservative Unions on the Waterfront
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San Francisco Coroner's Records of Death for Howard Sperry and Nicolas Bordoise
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Cherny, Robert W. "The making of a labor radical: Harry Bridges, 1901–1934."
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peaked with the death of two workers on "Bloody Thursday" and the subsequent
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over labor and political issues, many of which came to the forefront in the
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A Terrible Anger: The 1934 Waterfront and General Strikes in San Francisco
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Workers on the Waterfront: Seamen, Longshoremen, and Unionism in the 1930s
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Workers on the Waterfront: Seamen, Longshoremen, and Unionism in the 1930s
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Workers on the Waterfront: Seamen, Longshoremen, and Unionism in the 1930s
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Workers on the Waterfront: Seamen, Longshoremen, and Unionism in the 1930s
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Workers on the Waterfront: Seamen, Longshoremen, and Unionism in the 1930s
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A Terrible Anger: The 1934 Waterfront and General Strikes in San Francisco
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Workers on the Waterfront: Seamen, Longshoremen, and Unionism in the 1930s
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A Terrible Anger: The 1934 Waterfront and General Strikes in San Francisco
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Workers on the Waterfront: Seamen, Longshoremen, and Unionism in the 1930s
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Workers on the Waterfront: Seamen, Longshoremen, and Unionism in the 1930s
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Workers on the Waterfront: Seamen, Longshoremen, and Unionism in the 1930s
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Workers on the Waterfront: Seamen, Longshoremen, and Unionism in the 1930s
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Workers on the Waterfront: Seamen, Longshoremen, and Unionism in the 1930s
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A terrible anger: The 1934 waterfront and general strikes in San Francisco
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Portland and Seattle would also begin general strikes picked up currency.
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Workers on the Waterfront, Seamen, Longshoremen and Unionism in the 1930s
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Events soon made the MWIU wholly irrelevant. Just as the passage of the
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1772:"The Communist Party, the unions, and the San Francisco General Strike"
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was kidnapped and beaten, while vigilantes seized thirteen radicals in
758:
682:
The sticking point in the strike was recognition: the union demanded a
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International Longshoremen’s and Warehousemen’s Union Local 1 Records.
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Dock Strike: History of the 1934 Waterfront Strike in Portland, Oregon
1075:, on the headquarters of the Marine Workers' Industrial Union and the
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on the West Coast ports had either been unorganized or represented by
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Labor disputes led by the International Longshore and Warehouse Union
3435:
From Mission to Microchip: A History of the California Labor Movement
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From Mission to Microchip: A History of the California Labor Movement
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From Mission to Microchip: A History of the California Labor Movement
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From Mission to Microchip: A History of the California Labor Movement
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From Mission to Microchip: A History of the California Labor Movement
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From Mission to Microchip: A History of the California Labor Movement
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From Mission to Microchip: A History of the California Labor Movement
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From Mission to Microchip: A History of the California Labor Movement
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From Mission to Microchip: A History of the California Labor Movement
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An engraved billy club commemorates police activity in the Battle of
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572:, when the shipping companies and stevedoring firms had imposed the
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2234:"How Coit Tower's murals became a target for anticommunist forces"
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Labor strike by longshoremen in California, Oregon, and Washington
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to denounce the general strike as "a menace to the government".
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murals that were at the time being completed in San Francisco's
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Anne Rand Library, International Longshore and Warehouse Union.
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1231:
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San Francisco General Strike of 1934 photographic collections
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Harry Bridges, The Rise and Fall of Radical Labor in the U.S.
3538:, by David F. Selvin. Wayne State University Press (1996).
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mediation board created by the administration of President
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canisters into the crowd, then followed with a charge by
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3407:. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. pp.
3484:"KOCE Snags an LA Emmy for Bloody Thursday – OC Weekly"
3461:"Sam Kagel – arbitrator in major labor disputes (obit)"
3973:
List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States
1156:(ILWU) in recognition of the number of women members.
753:" also helped ignite a controversy about the New Deal
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in the 1930s, much of which was organized through the
3988:
List of worker deaths in United States labor disputes
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Endangered Dreams: The Great Depression in California
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Endangered Dreams: The Great Depression in California
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Endangered Dreams: The Great Depression in California
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Endangered Dreams: The Great Depression in California
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Endangered Dreams: The Great Depression in California
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Endangered Dreams: The Great Depression in California
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Endangered Dreams: The Great Depression in California
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Endangered Dreams: The Great Depression in California
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Endangered Dreams: The Great Depression in California
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List of worker deaths in United States labor disputes
600:. While the IWW was a spent force after that strike,
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2659:. International Publishers Co. pp. 138, 141.
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3403:Rocking the Boat: Union Women's Voices, 1915–1975
2874:. International Publishers Co. pp. 156–157.
2101:. International Publishers Co. pp. 103–105.
4016:
3334:
3332:
2420:
2418:
3345:. University of California Press. p. 114.
2128:. International Publishers Co. pp. 48–49.
2020:. International Publishers Co. pp. 49–50.
1880:. International Publishers Co. pp. 41–42.
1853:. International Publishers Co. pp. 42–44.
1326:. University of California Press. p. 101.
1283:
4095:History of the West Coast of the United States
940:
850:
679:, Bridges led the membership in rejecting it.
4100:Riots and civil disorder in the United States
3705:
3672:1935–1991. .28 cubic ft. and 1 vertical file.
3398:
3329:
3219:. Univ of California Press. pp. 244–45.
3036:. Wayne State University Press. p. 200.
2625:. University of Illinois Press. p. 303.
2415:
2401:. Univ of California Press. pp. 239–40.
2264:. Wayne State University Press. p. 236.
2047:. Oxford University Press. pp. 100–101.
236:
4075:Maritime labor disputes in the United States
3861:Westmoreland County coal strike of 1910–1911
3656:, via Calisphere, California Digital Library
3271:
3269:
3117:. International Publishers Co. p. 166.
3090:. International Publishers Co. p. 167.
3009:. International Publishers Co. p. 162.
2982:. International Publishers Co. p. 161.
2955:. International Publishers Co. p. 160.
2901:. International Publishers Co. p. 176.
2847:. International Publishers Co. p. 173.
2820:. International Publishers Co. p. 151.
2740:. International Publishers Co. p. 142.
2686:. International Publishers Co. p. 133.
2566:. International Publishers Co. p. 123.
2539:. International Publishers Co. p. 122.
2485:. International Publishers Co. p. 119.
2431:. International Publishers Co. p. 113.
2374:. International Publishers Co. p. 112.
2347:. International Publishers Co. p. 111.
2320:. International Publishers Co. p. 110.
2074:. International Publishers Co. p. 102.
2458:. Oxford University Press. pp. 107–8.
2155:. International Publishers Co. p. 80.
1964:. International Publishers Co. p. 50.
1907:. Oxford University Press. pp. 90–91.
1826:. Oxford University Press. pp. 94–95.
1799:. International Publishers Co. p. 40.
1577:. International Publishers Co. p. 39.
1391:. Oxford University Press. pp. 85–86.
1296:Labor's giant step: twenty years of the CIO
1154:International Longshore and Warehouse Union
1124:proposed to punish any member who bought a
112:International Longshore and Warehouse Union
3712:
3698:
3597:Agitate, Educate, Organize: Portland, 1934
1261:History of the west coast of North America
742:, president of the Seattle Teamsters, and
243:
229:
3783:Coeur d'Alene, Idaho labor strike of 1892
3438:. Univ of California Press. p. 246.
3374:. University of Illinois Press. pp.
3338:
3311:. University of Illinois Press. pp.
3282:. Univ of California Press. p. 245.
3266:
3248:. University of Illinois Press. pp.
3188:. University of Illinois Press. pp.
3155:. University of Illinois Press. pp.
3063:. Univ of California Press. p. 243.
2928:. Univ of California Press. p. 244.
2593:. Univ of California Press. p. 240.
1711:. Univ of California Press. p. 232.
1639:. University of Illinois Press. pp.
1606:. University of Illinois Press. pp.
1543:. University of Illinois Press. pp.
1510:. University of Illinois Press. pp.
1474:
1447:. University of Illinois Press. pp.
1418:. Univ of California Press. p. 231.
1319:
1251:Strikes in the United States in the 1930s
4070:Anti-union violence in the United States
3983:Anti-union violence in the United States
2512:. Oxford University Press. p. 108.
1769:
693:
648:International Longshoremen's Association
623:(MWIU), as part of the drive during the
500:International Longshoremen's Association
2217:, Clifford Wight, and Bernhard Zakheim.
1983:
1981:
1934:. Oxford University Press. p. 91.
1738:. Oxford University Press. p. 90.
1684:. Oxford University Press. p. 93.
997:. Some federal officials, particularly
592:. Other Wobbly-led strikes occurred in
4017:
3866:Paint Creek–Cabin Creek strike of 1912
3834:Streetcar strikes in the United States
3794:Streetcar strikes in the United States
3365:
3302:
3239:
3179:
3146:
3029:
2760:
2706:
2257:
2231:
2227:
2225:
2186:
2184:
1990:"West coast waterfront strike of 1934"
1630:
1597:
1534:
1501:
1438:
4105:Police brutality in the United States
3693:
3481:
3458:
3431:
3275:
3212:
3056:
2921:
2618:
2586:
2505:
2451:
2394:
2193:Depression-Era Murals of the Bay Area
2040:
1953:
1951:
1927:
1900:
1819:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1731:
1704:
1677:
1411:
1384:
1350:(Wayne State University Press, 1996).
1292:
488:1934 West Coast longshoremen's strike
224:
4120:Labor disputes in Washington (state)
3110:
3083:
3002:
2975:
2948:
2894:
2867:
2840:
2813:
2787:
2733:
2679:
2652:
2559:
2532:
2478:
2424:
2367:
2340:
2313:
2293:"Police Fire Into Ranks of Strikers"
2148:
2121:
2094:
2067:
2013:
1978:
1957:
1873:
1846:
1792:
1567:
1470:
1468:
1299:. Pathfinder Press. pp. 31–33.
1042:
944:
631:members and foreign-born militants.
543:Congress of Industrial Organizations
531:Minneapolis Teamsters Strike of 1934
3978:Union violence in the United States
3851:1907 San Francisco streetcar strike
3678:1926–1981. .84 cubic ft. (2 boxes).
3604:"1934 West Coast waterfront strike"
2295:. Hammond (Ind) Times. May 15, 1934
2222:
2181:
1048:recommended that the unions accept
250:
13:
4125:1930s strikes in the United States
3886:Copper Country strike of 1913–1914
3815:
3684:1938–1962. 0.21 cubic ft. (1 box).
3621:Waterfront Workers History Project
3505:
1948:
1752:
1481:. University of California Press.
1246:US Textile Workers' Strike of 1934
1149:1936 Pacific Coast Maritime Strike
568:since the years immediately after
498:port walked out. Organized by the
14:
4136:
1465:
689:
650:(ILA), which had its base on the
638:Militants published a newspaper,
555:1916 West Coast waterfront strike
537:, were catalysts for the rise of
517:The result of the strike was the
484:1934 West Coast waterfront strike
26:1934 West Coast waterfront strike
4110:Vigilantism in the United States
3998:
3944:Gulf Coast longshoremen's strike
3856:Pressed Steel Car strike of 1909
1987:
1665:"Harry Bridges: Life and Legacy"
1230:
1216:
1093:National Recovery Administration
1029:National Recovery Administration
949:
870:
859:
659:National Industrial Recovery Act
31:
4025:1934 labor disputes and strikes
3482:Coker, Matt (August 27, 2010).
3475:
3452:
3425:
3392:
3359:
3296:
3233:
3206:
3173:
3140:
3131:
3104:
3077:
3050:
3023:
2996:
2969:
2942:
2915:
2888:
2861:
2834:
2807:
2781:
2754:
2727:
2700:
2673:
2646:
2607:
2580:
2553:
2526:
2499:
2472:
2445:
2388:
2361:
2334:
2307:
2285:
2251:
2169:
2142:
2115:
2088:
2061:
2034:
2007:
1921:
1894:
1867:
1840:
1813:
1786:
1725:
1698:
1671:
1657:
1624:
1591:
1561:
1528:
621:Marine Workers Industrial Union
608:" formed after the defeat of a
582:Industrial Workers of the World
523:Toledo Auto-Lite Strike of 1934
46:May 9 – July 31, 1934 (84 days)
3846:1905 Chicago teamsters' strike
3772:Cotton pickers' strike of 1891
3619:, a multimedia section of the
2615:Waterfront and General Strikes
1776:International Socialist Review
1495:
1432:
1405:
1378:
1353:
1340:
1313:
1097:American Civil Liberties Union
586:1923 San Pedro Maritime Strike
1:
3421:– via Internet Archive.
2232:Kamiya, Gary (July 8, 2017).
2176:Longshoreman's Strike of 1934
1365:archiveswest.orbiscascade.org
1276:
1224:San Francisco Bay Area portal
1145:Sailors' Union of the Pacific
548:
4085:Labor disputes in California
3938:West Coast waterfront strike
3722:American labor union history
3682:Wayne "Waino" Moisio papers.
3662:(no online content) for the
3459:Nolte, Carl (May 27, 2007).
2790:"The General Strike of 1934"
2196:. Arcadia Publishing. 2014.
1770:Chretien, Todd (June 2012).
1114:
1011:, which was carrying him to
644:International Seamen's Union
610:general strike there in 1917
508:San Francisco General Strike
7:
3627:
1209:
1189:, South Africa's system of
941:Funerals and general strike
755:Public Works of Art Project
535:Communist League of America
10:
4141:
4035:1934 in Washington (state)
3399:O'Farrell, Brigid (1996).
3339:Kimeldorf, Howard (1988).
1475:Kimeldorf, Howard (1988).
1320:Kimeldorf, Howard (1988).
1271:List of US strikes by size
666:that soon began launching
4030:1934 in the United States
3996:
3965:
3871:1913 Ipswich Mills strike
3826:
3813:
3728:
3720:Major armed conflicts in
3639:January 14, 2016, at the
3526:Pacific Historical Review
3030:Selvin, David F. (1996).
2767:. NYU Press. p. 49.
2713:. NYU Press. p. 50.
2258:Selvin, David F. (1996).
1167:
1065:California National Guard
922:California National Guard
779:
776:
773:
770:
262:
178:
173:
134:
129:
119:California National Guard
105:
100:
82:
66:San Francisco, California
50:
42:
30:
25:
4090:Labor disputes in Oregon
3908:Battle of Blair Mountain
3897:1920 Alabama coal strike
3676:Albert H. Farmer Papers.
4005:Portal:Organized Labour
3926:Columbine Mine massacre
3609:The Oregon Encyclopedia
3558:, by Howard Kimeldorf,
1238:Organized labour portal
763:American Social Realism
76:Los Angeles, California
4115:Protest-related deaths
4065:1930s in San Francisco
3876:Colorado Coalfield War
3820:
3670:Jake Arnautoff Papers.
3652:July 19, 2008, at the
3617:1934: The Great Strike
3586:, by Charles Larrowe,
3366:Nelson, Bruce (1990).
3303:Nelson, Bruce (1990).
3240:Nelson, Bruce (1990).
3180:Nelson, Bruce (1990).
3147:Nelson, Bruce (1990).
2761:Milton, David (1982).
2707:Milton, David (1982).
2619:Bruce, Nelson (1990).
1631:Nelson, Bruce (1990).
1598:Nelson, Bruce (1990).
1535:Nelson, Bruce (1990).
1502:Nelson, Bruce (1990).
1439:Nelson, Bruce (1990).
1063:On July 17, 1934, the
960:is missing information
703:
646:(ISU) as weak and the
527:American Workers Party
3950:Memorial Day massacre
3819:
3742:Rock Springs massacre
3736:Great Railroad Strike
3528:64.3 (1995): 363–388
2613:words of Paul Eliel,
2506:Starr, Kevin (1997).
2452:Starr, Kevin (1997).
2041:Starr, Kevin (1997).
1928:Starr, Kevin (1997).
1901:Starr, Kevin (1997).
1820:Starr, Kevin (1997).
1732:Starr, Kevin (1997).
1678:Starr, Kevin (1997).
1385:Starr, Kevin (1997).
1067:blocked both ends of
697:
677:Franklin D. Roosevelt
640:The Waterfront Worker
174:Casualties and losses
3432:Glass, Fred (2016).
3276:Glass, Fred (2016).
3213:Glass, Fred (2016).
3057:Glass, Fred (2016).
2922:Glass, Fred (2016).
2764:Politics of US Labor
2710:Politics of US Labor
2587:Glass, Fred (2016).
2395:Glass, Fred (2016).
1705:Glass, Fred (2016).
1412:Glass, Fred (2016).
1185:intervention in the
989:San Francisco Mayor
726:broke out along the
3840:Colorado Labor Wars
3552:, by Roger Buchanan
3514:, by Bruce Nelson,
3111:Quin, Mike (1979).
3084:Quin, Mike (1979).
3003:Quin, Mike (1979).
2976:Quin, Mike (1979).
2949:Quin, Mike (1979).
2895:Quin, Mike (1979).
2868:Quin, Mike (1979).
2841:Quin, Mike (1979).
2814:Quin, Mike (1979).
2734:Quin, Mike (1979).
2680:Quin, Mike (1979).
2653:Quin, Mike (1979).
2560:Quin, Mike (1979).
2533:Quin, Mike (1979).
2479:Quin, Mike (1979).
2425:Quin, Mike (1979).
2368:Quin, Mike (1979).
2341:Quin, Mike (1979).
2314:Quin, Mike (1979).
2238:www.sfchronicle.com
2215:John Langley Howard
2149:Quin, Mike (1979).
2122:Quin, Mike (1979).
2095:Quin, Mike (1979).
2068:Quin, Mike (1979).
2014:Quin, Mike (1979).
1994:Oregon Encyclopedia
1958:Quin, Mike (1979).
1874:Quin, Mike (1979).
1847:Quin, Mike (1979).
1793:Quin, Mike (1979).
1293:Preis, Art (1974).
1091:, then head of the
1054:Everett, Washington
915:California Governor
720:Seattle, Washington
712:Oakland, California
539:industrial unionism
486:(also known as the
71:Seattle, Washington
56:Everett, Washington
4045:1934 in California
3821:
3806:Illinois coal wars
3760:Thibodaux massacre
2617:p. 128, quoted in
999:Secretary of Labor
995:state of emergency
926:United States Army
913:Under orders from
890:, the police shot
818:San Francisco, CA
704:
4012:
4011:
3932:Harlan County War
3920:Hanapepe massacre
3902:Battle of Matewan
3800:Lattimer massacre
3766:Morewood massacre
3748:Bay View massacre
2788:Carlsson, Chris.
1346:David F. Selvin,
1187:Spanish Civil War
1043:End of the strike
1017:San Francisco Bay
983:
982:
928:stationed at the
851:"Bloody Thursday"
848:
847:
477:
476:
219:
218:
215:
214:
125:
124:
4132:
4060:July 1934 events
4055:June 1934 events
4002:
3966:Related articles
3891:Everett massacre
3878:, including the
3777:Homestead Strike
3754:Haymarket affair
3714:
3707:
3700:
3691:
3690:
3613:
3573:, by Mike Quin,
3499:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3488:www.ocweekly.com
3479:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3456:
3450:
3449:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3406:
3396:
3390:
3389:
3373:
3363:
3357:
3356:
3336:
3327:
3326:
3310:
3300:
3294:
3293:
3273:
3264:
3263:
3247:
3237:
3231:
3230:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3187:
3177:
3171:
3170:
3154:
3144:
3138:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3108:
3102:
3101:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2650:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2584:
2578:
2577:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2422:
2413:
2412:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2229:
2220:
2219:
2211:Victor Arnautoff
2188:
2179:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2011:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1985:
1976:
1975:
1955:
1946:
1945:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1767:
1750:
1749:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1702:
1696:
1695:
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1669:
1668:
1661:
1655:
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1628:
1622:
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1605:
1595:
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1588:
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1559:
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1542:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1509:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1472:
1463:
1462:
1446:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1357:
1351:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1290:
1240:
1235:
1234:
1226:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1204:Bloody Thursday,
1138:sympathy strikes
978:
975:
969:
953:
945:
874:
863:
842:Robert F. Wagner
830:August 20, 1934
768:
767:
716:Portland, Oregon
598:Portland in 1922
512:stopped all work
433:French Caribbean
299:Haymarket Affair
257:
255:
245:
238:
231:
222:
221:
180:
179:
145:Jack Bjorklund;
107:
106:
61:Portland, Oregon
35:
23:
22:
4140:
4139:
4135:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4130:
4129:
4050:May 1934 events
4015:
4014:
4013:
4008:
3992:
3961:
3914:Herrin massacre
3880:Ludlow Massacre
3822:
3811:
3724:
3718:
3654:Wayback Machine
3641:Wayback Machine
3630:
3602:
3508:
3506:Further reading
3503:
3502:
3492:
3490:
3480:
3476:
3466:
3464:
3457:
3453:
3446:
3430:
3426:
3419:
3397:
3393:
3386:
3364:
3360:
3353:
3337:
3330:
3323:
3301:
3297:
3290:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3238:
3234:
3227:
3211:
3207:
3200:
3178:
3174:
3167:
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3141:
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3109:
3105:
3098:
3082:
3078:
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3055:
3051:
3044:
3028:
3024:
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3001:
2997:
2990:
2974:
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2182:
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2163:
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2120:
2116:
2109:
2093:
2089:
2082:
2066:
2062:
2055:
2039:
2035:
2028:
2012:
2008:
1998:
1996:
1988:Munk, Michael.
1986:
1979:
1972:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1926:
1922:
1915:
1899:
1895:
1888:
1872:
1868:
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1307:
1291:
1284:
1279:
1236:
1229:
1222:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1170:
1117:
1089:Hugh S. Johnson
1082:Valencia Street
1045:
1027:as head of the
1025:Hugh S. Johnson
1002:Frances Perkins
979:
973:
970:
963:
954:
943:
884:
883:
882:
881:
877:
876:
875:
866:
865:
864:
853:
777:Workers killed
692:
617:Communist Party
594:Seattle in 1919
590:American Legion
551:
480:
479:
478:
473:
258:
254:General strikes
253:
251:
249:
211:
206:
198:
193:
188:
169:
168:
163:
158:
151:
146:
144:
142:
121:
114:
78:
74:
69:
64:
59:
38:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4138:
4128:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4040:1934 in Oregon
4037:
4032:
4027:
4010:
4009:
3997:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3959:
3953:
3947:
3941:
3935:
3929:
3923:
3917:
3911:
3905:
3899:
3894:
3888:
3883:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3837:
3830:
3828:
3824:
3823:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3809:
3803:
3797:
3791:
3788:Pullman Strike
3785:
3780:
3774:
3769:
3763:
3757:
3751:
3745:
3739:
3732:
3730:
3726:
3725:
3717:
3716:
3709:
3702:
3694:
3688:
3687:
3686:
3685:
3679:
3673:
3657:
3644:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3624:
3614:
3600:
3594:
3581:
3570:The Big Strike
3566:
3553:
3547:
3533:
3522:
3507:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3474:
3451:
3444:
3424:
3417:
3391:
3384:
3358:
3351:
3328:
3321:
3295:
3288:
3265:
3258:
3232:
3225:
3205:
3198:
3172:
3165:
3139:
3130:
3123:
3114:The Big Strike
3103:
3096:
3087:The Big Strike
3076:
3069:
3049:
3042:
3022:
3015:
3006:The Big Strike
2995:
2988:
2979:The Big Strike
2968:
2961:
2952:The Big Strike
2941:
2934:
2914:
2907:
2898:The Big Strike
2887:
2880:
2871:The Big Strike
2860:
2853:
2844:The Big Strike
2833:
2826:
2817:The Big Strike
2806:
2780:
2773:
2753:
2746:
2737:The Big Strike
2726:
2719:
2699:
2692:
2683:The Big Strike
2672:
2665:
2656:The Big Strike
2645:
2631:
2606:
2599:
2579:
2572:
2563:The Big Strike
2552:
2545:
2536:The Big Strike
2525:
2518:
2498:
2491:
2482:The Big Strike
2471:
2464:
2444:
2437:
2428:The Big Strike
2414:
2407:
2387:
2380:
2371:The Big Strike
2360:
2353:
2344:The Big Strike
2333:
2326:
2317:The Big Strike
2306:
2284:
2270:
2250:
2221:
2202:
2180:
2168:
2161:
2152:The Big Strike
2141:
2134:
2125:The Big Strike
2114:
2107:
2098:The Big Strike
2087:
2080:
2071:The Big Strike
2060:
2053:
2033:
2026:
2017:The Big Strike
2006:
1977:
1970:
1961:The Big Strike
1947:
1940:
1920:
1913:
1893:
1886:
1877:The Big Strike
1866:
1859:
1850:The Big Strike
1839:
1832:
1812:
1805:
1796:The Big Strike
1785:
1751:
1744:
1724:
1717:
1697:
1690:
1670:
1656:
1649:
1623:
1616:
1590:
1583:
1574:The Big Strike
1560:
1553:
1527:
1520:
1494:
1487:
1464:
1457:
1431:
1424:
1404:
1397:
1377:
1352:
1339:
1332:
1312:
1305:
1281:
1280:
1278:
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1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1227:
1211:
1208:
1169:
1166:
1122:Marine Firemen
1116:
1113:
1069:Jackson Street
1044:
1041:
981:
980:
974:September 2023
957:
955:
948:
942:
939:
935:Alameda County
896:mounted police
879:
878:
869:
868:
867:
858:
857:
856:
855:
854:
852:
849:
846:
845:
837:
834:
831:
827:
826:
822:
819:
816:
812:
811:
807:
804:
801:
800:June 30, 1934
797:
796:
792:
789:
788:San Pedro, CA
786:
782:
781:
778:
775:
772:
765:style murals.
708:strikebreakers
691:
690:The Big Strike
688:
672:Joseph P. Ryan
566:company unions
550:
547:
475:
474:
472:
471:
465:
459:
454:
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436:
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385:
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321:
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286:
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275:
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240:
233:
225:
217:
216:
213:
212:
201:
199:
183:
176:
175:
171:
170:
152:
148:Joseph P. Ryan
143:Paddy Morris;
136:
135:
132:
131:
127:
126:
123:
122:
117:
115:
110:
103:
102:
98:
97:
95:demonstrations
84:
80:
79:
54:
52:
48:
47:
44:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
21:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4137:
4126:
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4007:
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3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
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3974:
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3970:
3968:
3964:
3957:
3956:Hilo massacre
3954:
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2054:9780195118025
2050:
2046:
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2037:
2029:
2027:9780717805044
2023:
2019:
2018:
2010:
1995:
1991:
1984:
1982:
1973:
1971:9780717805044
1967:
1963:
1962:
1954:
1952:
1943:
1941:9780195118025
1937:
1933:
1932:
1924:
1916:
1914:9780195118025
1910:
1906:
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1897:
1889:
1887:9780717805044
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1860:9780717805044
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1554:9780252061448
1550:
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1521:9780252061448
1517:
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1508:
1507:
1498:
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1488:9780520912779
1484:
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1479:
1471:
1469:
1460:
1458:9780252061448
1454:
1450:
1445:
1444:
1435:
1427:
1425:9780520288409
1421:
1417:
1416:
1408:
1400:
1398:9780195118025
1394:
1390:
1389:
1381:
1366:
1362:
1356:
1349:
1343:
1335:
1333:9780520912779
1329:
1325:
1324:
1316:
1308:
1306:9780873480246
1302:
1298:
1297:
1289:
1287:
1282:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1256:Harry Bridges
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1233:
1228:
1225:
1214:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1181:of Ethiopia,
1180:
1175:
1165:
1163:
1157:
1155:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1139:
1133:
1129:
1127:
1123:
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1020:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1003:
1000:
996:
992:
987:
977:
967:
961:
958:This section
956:
952:
947:
946:
938:
936:
931:
927:
923:
919:
918:Frank Merriam
916:
911:
907:
903:
899:
897:
893:
889:
873:
862:
843:
838:
835:
833:Portland, OR
832:
829:
828:
823:
820:
817:
815:July 5, 1934
814:
813:
808:
805:
802:
799:
798:
793:
790:
787:
785:May 15, 1934
784:
783:
769:
766:
764:
760:
756:
752:
747:
745:
741:
736:
731:
729:
723:
721:
717:
713:
709:
701:
696:
687:
685:
680:
678:
673:
669:
663:
660:
655:
653:
649:
645:
641:
636:
634:
633:Harry Bridges
630:
626:
622:
618:
613:
611:
607:
606:One Big Union
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
578:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
556:
546:
544:
540:
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524:
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389:
386:
383:
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371:
368:
365:
362:
359:
356:
354:
353:San Francisco
351:
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339:
337:
334:
331:
328:
325:
322:
319:
316:
315:
311:
310:
306:
303:
300:
296:
295:First May Day
293:
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285:
282:
279:
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273:
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264:
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256:
246:
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209:
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196:
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186:
182:
181:
177:
172:
167:
166:
161:
156:
155:Frank Merriam
150:
149:
140:
139:Harry Bridges
133:
128:
120:
116:
113:
109:
108:
104:
99:
96:
92:
88:
85:
81:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
34:
29:
24:
19:
4003:
3937:
3827:20th century
3729:19th century
3660:Finding aids
3607:
3596:
3583:
3569:
3555:
3549:
3535:
3525:
3511:
3491:. Retrieved
3487:
3477:
3465:. Retrieved
3454:
3434:
3427:
3402:
3394:
3369:
3361:
3341:
3306:
3298:
3278:
3243:
3235:
3215:
3208:
3183:
3175:
3150:
3142:
3133:
3113:
3106:
3086:
3079:
3059:
3052:
3032:
3025:
3005:
2998:
2978:
2971:
2951:
2944:
2924:
2917:
2897:
2890:
2870:
2863:
2843:
2836:
2816:
2809:
2797:. Retrieved
2793:
2783:
2763:
2756:
2736:
2729:
2709:
2702:
2682:
2675:
2655:
2648:
2636:. Retrieved
2621:
2614:
2609:
2589:
2582:
2562:
2555:
2535:
2528:
2508:
2501:
2481:
2474:
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3882:, 1913–1914
3842:, 1903–1904
3836:, 1895–1929
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1128:newspaper.
1050:arbitration
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570:World War I
533:led by the
525:led by the
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305:New Orleans
192::>1000,
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1277:References
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744:Mike Casey
700:Smith Cove
652:East Coast
549:Background
496:West Coast
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2638:April 15,
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751:red scare
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668:slowdowns
574:open shop
330:Vancouver
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3637:Archived
3628:Archives
2794:Found SF
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1210:See also
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1193:and the
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190:Injuries
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462:Catalan
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