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The support lent by the
Justice Party towards striking workers is believed by some to have been influenced by caste identifications, while others believe that the strike actually gave the Justice Party ministry a stick with which to beat the Governor's council, as the Home ministry came under the direct control of the Governor of Madras. The management tactically broke up the unity of the workers by allegedly enlisting the support of
158:. The strike gradually evolved into a confrontation between caste Hindu and Muslim workers who were determined to continue the strike on one hand, and Dalits and Indian Christians who did not participate in the strike on the other. A communal riot broke out on 28 June 1921 when a caste Hindu mob attacked the Dalit village of
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The strike lasted for a total of six months. The authorities adopted a ruthless policy to suppress the agitation. On 29 August 1921, the police opened fire, killing six workers. Almost all the
Justice Party leaders joined hands with the Indian National Congress politicians and supported the strike.
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If they had been with the rioters in the rioting, they would have certainly lost their lives. The very fact that no Adi
Dravida was shot clearly indicates that the Adi Dravidas were not creating the mischief ... but my friend Mr. Thanikachalam Chettiyar has said nothing about the throwing of
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for causing the unrest and criticized the government for showing partiality towards Dalits. The party demanded that the provision of free meals to Dalits in government camps should be stopped and offenders from all the communities be punished.
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to investigate the causes of the strike. The committee blamed the striking workers for causing extensive damage to property and life, and highlighted the victimization of "Adi
Dravidas". The Home Member of the Governor's Executive Council,
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during
October–December 1920 when workers struck in protest against working conditions. The government responded by ordering the police to shoot down striking workers on 9 December 1920 to bring the strike to a forceful end.
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refused to work until the management agreed to discuss their wage rise demands. The protest reached serious proportions when an official strike was declared on 20 June. The striking workers were led by
Congressman
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bombs which has become the fashion of the rioters. How many lives have been lost by the throwing of bombs, who threw them, these are questions which my honourable friend ought to have put before the
Council
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accused the union leaders of threatening non-participating Dalits from entering the mills. He also criticized the attitude of the
Justice Party government of the Raja of Panagal towards Dalits:
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the high-handed poisonous action of members of a party who after inflicting all known and unknown injury on our community shed crocodile tears and pose as friends of the
Depressed classes
186:, the then President of the Madras Labour Union, advised workers to resume work. But with the exception of a few, most of the striking workers were not re-admitted.
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There was widespread unrest among the workers over the low wages and poor working conditions. Their demands were supported by Indian nationalists
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In the aftermath of the strike, the major political factions in the Madras
Presidency began leveling charges against one another. The
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The strike, which lasted from June to October 1921, caused severe losses to the Madras economy. It also created a rift in the ruling
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moved for a resolution sympathizing with the workers of the Buckingham and Carnatic Mills and supporting their cause.
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blamed the riots on the "pampering" of Dalits by the Labour Department of the Madras government while Dalit leader
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131:. The Indian National Congress convened a meeting in Madras on 10 July 1921; in this meeting,
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blamed the government for the ruthless suppression of labour activities, while the
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The abstention of Dalit workers from the strike was severely criticized by the
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Nandanar's Children: The Paraiyans' Tryst with Destiny, Tamil Nadu 1850–1956
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The Madras government appointed a three-member enquiry committee headed by
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The strike eventually came to an end in October through the mediation of
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The Madras Labour Union was one of the first organised labour unions in
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The Untouchables: Subordination, Poverty, and the State in Modern India
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Working class and freedom struggle: Madras presidency, 1918–1922
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On 20 May 1921, the workers in the Spinning Department of the
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and burnt a hundred huts. The Justice Party's publication,
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made the following observation on Dalits and the strike:
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on 3 April 1918. Early union activity took place in the
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and Indian Christians who had not joined the strike.
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435:. University of Calcutta. 2004. p. 101.
407:Mendelsohn, Oliver; Marika Vicziany (1998).
477:Indian independence movement in Tamil Nadu
411:. Cambridge University Press. p. 94.
301:. SAGE Publications Ltd. pp. 241–257.
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32:1921 Buckingham and Carnatic Mills strike
18:1921 Buckingham and Carnatic Mills Strike
487:History of the textile industry in India
325:. Mittal Publications. pp. 58–59.
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251:. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. p. 545.
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362:. 22 December 2008. Archived from
38:in the city of Madras (now called
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321:Reddy, Kanchi Venugopal (2005).
106:and by the self-rule supporting
46:, against the managing company,
482:1921 labor disputes and strikes
433:The Calcutta Historical Journal
34:was a strike by the workers of
472:Economic history of Tamil Nadu
467:Textile industry in Tamil Nadu
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1:
124:Buckingham and Carnatic Mills
80:Buckingham and Carnatic Mills
36:Buckingham and Carnatic Mills
457:Textile and clothing strikes
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129:V. Kalyanasundaram Mudaliar
110:as well as the pro-British
76:V. Kalyanasundaram Mudaliar
10:
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249:Labour And Industrial Laws
378:"Ambush British in India"
354:"A street name unchanged"
297:Basu, Raj Sekhar (2011).
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70:, having been founded by
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462:Labour disputes in India
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204:Non-Cooperation Movement
196:Indian National Congress
150:, the Chief Minister of
108:Indian National Congress
92:S. Kasturi Ranga Iyengar
156:O. Thanikachalam Chetti
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98:, Singaravelu Chetty,
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100:V. Chakkarai Chettiar
96:A. Rangaswami Iyengar
184:P. Theagaraya Chetty
389:. 2 September 1921.
366:on 3 November 2012.
217:Sir Lionel Davidson
386:The New York Times
212:Sir William Ayling
182:. That month, Sir
180:C. Natesa Mudaliar
133:C. Rajagopalachari
88:C. Rajagopalachari
58:leaders to leave.
418:978-0-521-55671-2
258:978-81-203-2985-0
152:Madras Presidency
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223:M. C. Rajah
202:blamed the
168:M. C. Rajah
160:Pulianthope
72:B. P. Wadia
446:Categories
359:The Hindu
190:Aftermath
164:Justice
40:Chennai
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329:
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141:Dalits
118:Events
62:Causes
381:(PDF)
235:Notes
68:India
56:Dalit
44:India
413:ISBN
327:ISBN
253:ISBN
154:and
102:and
74:and
30:The
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