533:. On September 29, 1919, the sheriff and his deputies were transporting Phifer and Crosky when they were stopped by a white mob of about 25 masked men. The deputies stood by as the men pulled the two out of the car. They were taken into the wilderness 5 miles (8.0 km) outside of town and told to run. As Phifer and Crosky sprinted away from the mob they were gunned down. Croskey was killed instantly, but Phifer lived for a few hours. According to some contemporary reports, both Phifer and Crosky were discharged soldiers and Phifer was still in his uniform when he was killed. Other (later) sources mention only Crosky as a veteran.
35:
565:. Attacks on black communities and white oppression spread to more than three dozen cities and counties. In most cases, white mobs attacked African American neighborhoods. In some cases, black community groups resisted the attacks, especially in
4184:
1050:
1706:
3710:
547:
On 2 AM on
September 30, 1919, a day after the lynching of Phifer and Crosky, Willie Temple was lynched in a hospital for allegedly fatally wounding Policeman Barbaree.
1043:
589:, which caused 38 and 39 deaths, respectively. Both riots had many more non-fatal injuries and extensive property damage reaching up into the millions of dollars.
517:
In August or
September 1919 Miles Phifer and Robert Crosky, Army veterans, were arrested over allegations they assaulted two white women in separate incidents in
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that there might be a lynching. Kilby ordered the two to be transferred to the relative safety of the prison in nearby
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reported that the two had confessed to the assaults. A mob had formed and a concerned citizen notified
Alabama's
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946:"America's first memorial to victims of lynching opens in Alabama – live updates"
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African-American history between emancipation and the civil rights movement
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3258:
3172:
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1992:
1856:
1009:
Torchbearers of
Democracy: African American Soldiers in the World War I Era
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950:
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745:
526:
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1832:
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3038:
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1960:
1848:
1059:
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813:
562:
561:
These lynchings were part of a period of civil unrest now known as the
556:
107:
26:
3401:
3305:
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2443:
849:. Bridgeport, Fairfield, Connecticut: Farmer Pub. Co. pp. 1–16.
3642:
764:
762:
760:
578:
1764:
566:
757:
1058:
841:
The
Bridgeport Times and Evening Farmer (September 30, 1919).
3742:
819:
75:
3711:
Association of
Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching
912:
751:
573:
Most deaths occurred in rural areas during events like the
794:
792:
779:
777:
3928:
National Museum of
African American History and Culture
789:
774:
726:
List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States
1707:
Racially motivated violence against
African Americans
39:
News coverage of the lynchings in
Montgomery, Alabama
879:"Lynch Blacks In The South Who Attacked White Women"
876:
768:
592:
965:
825:
1751:
4151:
3372:Thomas Moss, Henry Stewart, Calvin McDowell (TN)
512:
501:Miles (or Relius) Phifer and Robert Crosky were
1766:List of lynching victims in the United States
1737:
1697:Riots and civil disorder in the United States
1044:
91:
940:
814:The Bridgeport Times and Evening Farmer 1919
798:
536:
3802:Emmett Till Unsolved Civil Rights Crime Act
1060:Racial Incidents during the 1919 Red Summer
877:Evening Capital News (September 30, 1919).
711:African American veterans lynched after WWI
3773:
3618:Henry Hezekiah Dee and Charles Eddie Moore
3348:Elijah Frost, Abijah Gibson, Tom McCracken
1744:
1730:
1051:
1037:
921:. Gadsden, Alabama: Times-News Print. Co.
509:, for allegedly assaulting a white woman.
98:
84:
16:African Americans were lynched in the U.S.
4205:White American riots in the United States
4094:"The United States of Lyncherdom" (Twain)
3554:Thomas Harold Thurmond and John M. Holmes
2332:William "Froggie" James and Henry Salzner
1702:White American riots in the United States
915:"Three Negroes Are Lynched in Montgomery"
721:Mass racial violence in the United States
1500:Texarkana, Texas riot of 1919 (August 6)
1006:
783:
394:Texarkana, Texas riot of 1919 (August 6)
3923:National Memorial for Peace and Justice
847:The Bridgeport Times and Evening Farmer
4152:
1011:. University of North Carolina Press.
3560:Roosevelt Townes and Robert McDaniels
3466:Lynching rampage in Brooks County, GA
3157:
1763:
1725:
1680:
1627:
1592:
1545:
1471:
1310:
1254:
1171:
1130:
1095:
1070:
1032:
913:The Gadsden Daily Times-News (2019).
79:
4135:Lynching deaths in the United States
3265:Samuel Bierfield and Lawrence Bowman
3158:
20:1919 lynching in Montgomery, Alabama
4200:Riots and civil disorder in Alabama
3796:Justice for Victims of Lynching Act
3572:O'Day Short, wife, and two children
3354:T.J. House, James West, John Dorsey
13:
14:
4216:
4175:1919 murders in the United States
3696:American Crusade Against Lynching
3342:Nevlin Porter and Johnson Spencer
752:The Gadsden Daily Times-News 2019
3908:America's Black Holocaust Museum
3691:American anti-lynching activists
3663:Nadir of American race relations
3253:Steve Long and two half-brothers
3189:Great Hanging at Gainesville, TX
593:Lynchings in Alabama during 1919
33:
4170:1919 riots in the United States
4114:Wilmington insurrection of 1898
3748:National Conference on Lynching
3306:Juan, Antonio, and Marcelo Moya
3183:Marais des Cygnes, KS, massacre
2524:Mary Turner and her unborn baby
1189:National Conference on Lynching
971:"For Action on Race Riot Peril"
731:
3230:Gallatin County, KY, race riot
1681:
105:
1:
4130:Lynching in the United States
3431:Springfield race riot of 1908
1849:Steve Long, Ace and Con Moyer
1753:Lynching in the United States
1546:
1007:Williams, Chad Louis (2010).
513:Lynching of Phifer and Crosky
4024:Murder of Jimmie Lee Jackson
3955:And you are lynching Negroes
3807:Emmett Till Antilynching Act
3542:Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith
3448:Harris County, GA, lynchings
3390:Wilmington, NC, insurrection
3236:New Orleans massacre of 1866
1628:
1271:Memphis, Tennessee (June 13)
1142:Morgan County, West Virginia
1071:
919:The Gadsden Daily Times-News
843:"Negro Shot To Death By Mob"
716:Washington race riot of 1919
550:
523:The Gadsden Daily Times-News
203:Memphis, Tennessee (June 13)
7:
3933:Southern Poverty Law Center
3578:Moore's Ford, GA, lynchings
3206:? Lachenais and four others
2644:James Harvey and Joe Jordan
1961:Samuel "Mingo Jack" Johnson
1593:
704:
563:American Red Summer of 1919
10:
4221:
4190:Lynching deaths in Alabama
3414:1906 Atlanta race massacre
3384:Phoenix, SC, election riot
3360:New Orleans 1891 lynchings
3312:Benjamin and Mollie French
1472:
1454:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
1364:Garfield Park riot of 1919
1334:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
1201:Charleston, South Carolina
554:
540:
4122:
3941:
3900:
3819:
3721:William O'Connell Bradley
3681:
3635:
3631:
3460:East St. Louis, IL, riots
3212:Fort Pillow, TN, massacre
3195:New York City draft riots
3164:
3153:
2902:
2171:
1776:
1772:
1759:
1687:
1676:
1634:
1623:
1599:
1588:
1552:
1541:
1478:
1467:
1340:Coatesville, Pennsylvania
1317:
1306:
1261:
1250:
1178:
1167:
1137:
1131:
1126:
1102:
1096:
1091:
1077:
1066:
769:Evening Capital News 1919
587:Washington D.C. Race Riot
543:Lynching of Willie Temple
537:Lynching of Willie Temple
115:
66:
52:
44:
32:
24:
4165:1919 in military history
3985:Deaths in police custody
3472:Jenkins County, GA, riot
3283:Chinese massacre of 1871
3201:Detroit race riot (1863)
2836:Lynching of Raymond Gunn
2628:Dick Rowland (attempted)
1577:(September 30–October 1)
1495:Hattiesburg, Mississippi
1436:Newberry, South Carolina
1311:
1255:
448:(September 30–October 1)
389:Hattiesburg, Mississippi
346:Newberry, South Carolina
3966:Battle of Liberty Place
3961:Attack on John Shillady
3949:James Allen (collector)
3782:Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill
3566:Beaumont, TX, Race Riot
3490:Omaha race riot of 1919
3478:Longview, TX, race riot
3454:Newberry, FL, lynchings
3396:Julia and Frazier Baker
3378:Porter and Spencer (MS)
3330:Thibodeax, LA, massacre
3288:Meridian, MS, race riot
3271:Opelousas, LA, massacre
2244:Paul Reed and Will Cato
1929:Big Nose George Parrott
1557:Clarksdale, Mississippi
1504:New York City, New York
1388:New York City, New York
1237:Monticello, Mississippi
1231:New London, Connecticut
1172:
1148:Jenkins County, Georgia
826:The New York Times 1919
428:Clarksdale, Mississippi
192:Monticello, Mississippi
4100:United States v. Shipp
3852:Rebecca Latimer Felton
3683:Anti-lynching movement
3600:Freedom Summer Murders
3530:Rosewood, FL, massacre
3495:Knoxville riot of 1919
2364:Laura and L. D. Nelson
1400:New Orleans, Louisiana
316:New Orleans, Louisiana
4180:September 1919 events
4071:Summer in Mississippi
4018:Mississippi Cold Case
3972:The Birth of a Nation
3913:Civil Rights Memorial
3842:Sidney Johnston Catts
3820:Defenders of lynching
3506:Duluth, MN, lynchings
3484:Elaine, AR, race riot
3442:Laura and L.D. Nelson
3408:Watkinsville lynching
3366:Ruggles Brothers (CA)
3324:Hamburg, SC, massacre
3300:Election riot of 1874
3247:Camilla, GA, massacre
3169:Death of Joseph Smith
1793:Elijah Parish Lovejoy
1442:Bloomington, Illinois
527:Governor Thomas Kilby
352:Bloomington, Illinois
3789:Costigan-Wagner Bill
3726:Ella Barksdale Brown
3524:Perry, FL, race riot
3436:Slocum, TX, massacre
3336:Mart and Tom Horrell
3294:Colfax, LA, massacre
3277:Bear River City riot
3127:James Craig Anderson
2927:Robert "Bobbie" Hall
2532:Hazel "Hayes" Turner
1657:Wilmington, Delaware
1522:Knoxville, Tennessee
1424:Hobson City, Alabama
1275:Bibb County, Alabama
1183:Pickens, Mississippi
883:Evening Capital News
334:Hobson City, Alabama
244:Dublin, Georgia riot
207:Bibb County, Alabama
144:Pickens, Mississippi
4031:The Ox-Bow Incident
4011:Mississippi Burning
3862:John Trotwood Moore
3518:Tulsa race massacre
3512:Ocoee, FL, massacre
3007:Mack Charles Parker
2935:Willie James Howard
1604:Baltimore, Maryland
1569:Montgomery, Alabama
1528:Bogalusa, Louisiana
1406:Darby, Pennsylvania
1376:Louise, Mississippi
1358:Baltimore, Maryland
1346:Tuscaloosa, Alabama
1281:Annapolis, Maryland
1213:El Dorado, Arkansas
1024:- Total pages: 452
969:(October 5, 1919).
690:September 30, 1919
679:September 29, 1919
668:September 29, 1919
519:Montgomery, Alabama
507:Montgomery, Alabama
440:Montgomery, Alabama
422:Bogalusa, Louisiana
292:Louise, Mississippi
262:Tuscaloosa, Alabama
168:El Dorado, Arkansas
57:Montgomery, Alabama
21:
4045:Reconstruction era
3857:John Temple Graves
3701:Jessie Daniel Ames
3648:Indiana White Caps
3318:Ellenton, SC, riot
3241:Reno Brothers Gang
2991:Judge Edward Aaron
2188:Ballie Crutchfield
1651:Magnolia, Arkansas
1448:Syracuse, New York
1370:Port Arthur, Texas
1287:Macon, Mississippi
1207:Sylvester, Georgia
1154:Sylvester, Georgia
1113:Memphis, Tennessee
976:The New York Times
967:The New York Times
476:Magnolia, Arkansas
410:Laurens County, GA
342:(July 27–August 3)
219:Macon, Mississippi
162:Sylvester, Georgia
138:Sylvester, Georgia
48:September 29, 1919
19:
4147:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4088:They Won't Forget
4005:Lynching postcard
3918:The Legacy Museum
3887:James K. Vardaman
3827:Theodore G. Bilbo
3815:
3814:
3706:Martin C. Ansorge
3627:
3626:
3612:Michael Schwerner
3419:Kemper County, MS
3259:Pulaski, TN, riot
3149:
3148:
3145:
3144:
2852:Shedrick Thompson
2732:Bernice Raspberry
2452:Name unknown (MS)
2356:Name unknown (TX)
1977:Joseph Vermillion
1945:John Wesley Heath
1719:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1672:
1671:
1619:
1618:
1584:
1583:
1565:(September 28–29)
1537:
1536:
1516:Ocmulgee, Georgia
1489:Lincoln, Arkansas
1463:
1462:
1430:Chicago, Illinois
1394:Norfolk, Virginia
1302:
1301:
1246:
1245:
1225:Putnam County, GA
1163:
1162:
1122:
1121:
1087:
1086:
1080:Blakeley, Georgia
1025:
799:The Guardian 2018
702:
701:
583:Chicago race riot
498:
497:
436:(September 28–29)
383:Lincoln, Arkansas
371:August – November
280:Garfield Park, IN
180:Putnam County, GA
126:Morgan County, WV
74:
73:
4212:
3942:Related articles
3892:Thomas E. Watson
3882:Benjamin Tillman
3847:Thomas Dixon Jr.
3771:
3770:
3633:
3632:
3536:Jim and Mark Fox
3224:Memphis massacre
3159:Multiple victims
3155:
3154:
3138:
3130:
3122:
3114:
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3098:
3090:
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3055:Wharlest Jackson
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2951:John Cecil Jones
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2844:Matthew Williams
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2604:Berry Washington
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2468:Anthony Crawford
2463:
2460:Jesse Washington
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2380:Zachariah Walker
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2351:
2343:
2340:Grant Richardson
2335:
2327:
2319:
2311:
2303:
2295:
2287:
2284:Earnest Williams
2279:
2271:
2263:
2255:
2247:
2239:
2231:
2223:
2215:
2207:
2199:
2191:
2183:
2164:
2156:
2148:
2140:
2137:John Henry James
2132:
2124:
2116:
2108:
2100:
2092:
2089:Stephen Williams
2084:
2076:
2068:
2060:
2052:
2044:
2041:Ephraim Grizzard
2036:
2028:
2020:
2012:
2004:
2001:Brown Washington
1996:
1988:
1980:
1972:
1964:
1956:
1948:
1940:
1932:
1924:
1916:
1908:
1905:Arthur St. Clair
1900:
1892:
1884:
1876:
1868:
1865:John W. Stephens
1860:
1852:
1844:
1836:
1828:
1820:
1812:
1804:
1796:
1788:
1785:Francis McIntosh
1774:
1773:
1761:
1760:
1746:
1739:
1732:
1723:
1722:
1678:
1677:
1625:
1624:
1610:Corbin, Kentucky
1590:
1589:
1575:Elaine, Arkansas
1543:
1542:
1483:Whatley, Alabama
1469:
1468:
1382:Washington, D.C.
1308:
1307:
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1251:
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1168:
1128:
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1029:
1023:
1022:
1003:
1001:
999:
979:. New York, NY.
962:
960:
958:
944:(May 25, 2018).
937:
935:
933:
909:
907:
905:
885:. Boise, Idaho.
873:
871:
869:
829:
823:
817:
811:
802:
796:
787:
781:
772:
766:
755:
749:
649:Archie Robinson
608:
607:
605:
604:
600:
575:Elaine race riot
571:Washington, D.C.
110:
100:
93:
86:
77:
76:
37:
22:
18:
4220:
4219:
4215:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4210:
4209:
4160:1919 in Alabama
4150:
4149:
4148:
4139:
4118:
4055:Scottsboro Boys
3937:
3896:
3811:
3769:
3677:
3623:
3588:Harriette Moore
3548:Tate County, MS
3160:
3141:
3133:
3125:
3117:
3109:
3101:
3095:Arthur McDuffie
3093:
3085:
3077:
3069:
3061:
3053:
3045:
3037:
3029:
3021:
3013:
3005:
2997:
2989:
2981:
2973:
2965:
2957:
2949:
2941:
2933:
2925:
2917:
2909:
2898:
2892:Elbert Williams
2890:
2884:Austin Callaway
2882:
2874:
2866:
2858:
2850:
2842:
2834:
2826:
2818:
2810:
2802:
2794:
2788:Thomas Williams
2786:
2778:
2772:Thomas Bradshaw
2770:
2764:Albert Williams
2762:
2754:
2748:Joseph Upchurch
2746:
2738:
2730:
2722:
2714:
2706:
2698:
2690:
2682:
2674:
2666:
2658:
2650:
2642:
2634:
2626:
2618:
2610:
2602:
2594:
2586:
2578:
2570:
2562:
2554:
2546:
2538:
2530:
2522:
2514:
2506:
2498:
2490:
2482:
2474:
2466:
2458:
2450:
2442:
2434:
2426:
2418:
2410:
2404:George Saunders
2402:
2394:
2386:
2378:
2370:
2362:
2354:
2346:
2338:
2330:
2322:
2314:
2306:
2298:
2290:
2282:
2274:
2266:
2258:
2252:Bunk Richardson
2250:
2242:
2234:
2226:
2218:
2210:
2202:
2194:
2186:
2178:
2167:
2161:Benjamin Thomas
2159:
2151:
2143:
2135:
2127:
2121:Joseph H. McCoy
2119:
2113:William Andrews
2111:
2103:
2095:
2087:
2081:Richard Puryear
2079:
2071:
2063:
2055:
2047:
2039:
2031:
2023:
2015:
2007:
1999:
1991:
1983:
1975:
1967:
1959:
1951:
1943:
1937:Charles Thurber
1935:
1927:
1921:Joseph Standing
1919:
1911:
1903:
1895:
1887:
1879:
1871:
1863:
1855:
1847:
1841:Clubfoot George
1839:
1831:
1823:
1815:
1807:
1799:
1791:
1783:
1768:
1755:
1750:
1720:
1711:
1683:
1668:
1630:
1615:
1595:
1580:
1563:Omaha, Nebraska
1548:
1533:
1474:
1459:
1432:(July 27–Aug 3)
1352:Longview, Texas
1328:Dublin, Georgia
1322:Bisbee, Arizona
1313:
1298:
1257:
1242:
1174:
1159:
1133:
1118:
1098:
1083:
1073:
1062:
1057:
1019:
997:
995:
956:
954:
931:
929:
903:
901:
867:
865:
832:
824:
820:
812:
805:
797:
790:
782:
775:
767:
758:
750:
743:
734:
707:
682:Robert Croskey
657:August 2, 1919
646:August 2, 1919
625:James E. Lewis
606:
602:
598:
596:
595:
559:
553:
545:
539:
515:
499:
494:
493:
298:Washington D.C.
286:Port Arthur, TX
256:Coatesville, PA
111:
106:
104:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4218:
4208:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4145:
4144:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4137:
4132:
4126:
4124:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4116:
4111:
4103:
4096:
4091:
4084:
4074:
4067:
4065:Stone Mountain
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4034:
4027:
4021:
4014:
4007:
4002:
3995:
3987:
3982:
3975:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3951:
3945:
3943:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3904:
3902:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3877:Goodloe Sutton
3874:
3869:
3867:John T. Morgan
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3837:Julian S. Carr
3834:
3832:Cole L. Blease
3829:
3823:
3821:
3817:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3792:
3785:
3777:
3775:
3768:
3767:
3762:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3716:Flossie Bailey
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3687:
3685:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3639:
3637:
3629:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3615:
3608:Andrew Goodman
3597:
3591:
3581:
3575:
3569:
3563:
3557:
3551:
3545:
3539:
3533:
3527:
3521:
3515:
3509:
3503:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3481:
3475:
3469:
3463:
3457:
3451:
3445:
3439:
3433:
3428:
3422:
3416:
3411:
3405:
3402:Pana, IL, riot
3399:
3393:
3387:
3381:
3375:
3369:
3363:
3357:
3351:
3345:
3339:
3333:
3327:
3321:
3315:
3309:
3303:
3297:
3291:
3285:
3280:
3274:
3268:
3262:
3256:
3250:
3244:
3238:
3233:
3227:
3221:
3215:
3209:
3203:
3198:
3192:
3186:
3180:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3151:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3139:
3131:
3123:
3119:James Byrd Jr.
3115:
3107:
3103:Michael Donald
3099:
3091:
3083:
3075:
3067:
3059:
3051:
3043:
3035:
3027:
3019:
3011:
3003:
2999:Willie Edwards
2995:
2987:
2979:
2971:
2963:
2955:
2947:
2939:
2931:
2923:
2919:Johannes Kunze
2915:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2888:
2880:
2872:
2864:
2860:George Armwood
2856:
2848:
2840:
2832:
2824:
2816:
2808:
2800:
2792:
2784:
2780:Winston Pounds
2776:
2768:
2760:
2752:
2744:
2736:
2728:
2720:
2712:
2704:
2696:
2688:
2680:
2672:
2664:
2656:
2648:
2640:
2632:
2624:
2616:
2608:
2600:
2592:
2588:John Hartfield
2584:
2580:Wesley Everest
2576:
2568:
2564:Wallace Baynes
2560:
2556:Olli Kinkkonen
2552:
2548:Jim McIlherron
2544:
2536:
2528:
2520:
2512:
2504:
2496:
2488:
2480:
2472:
2464:
2456:
2448:
2440:
2432:
2428:Charles Fisher
2424:
2416:
2408:
2400:
2392:
2384:
2376:
2368:
2360:
2352:
2344:
2336:
2328:
2320:
2312:
2304:
2296:
2288:
2280:
2272:
2264:
2256:
2248:
2240:
2236:Marie Thompson
2232:
2224:
2216:
2212:J. D. Mayfield
2208:
2200:
2192:
2184:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2157:
2149:
2141:
2133:
2125:
2117:
2109:
2101:
2093:
2085:
2077:
2069:
2061:
2053:
2049:Samuel J. Bush
2045:
2037:
2029:
2021:
2013:
2005:
1997:
1989:
1985:George Meadows
1981:
1973:
1965:
1957:
1949:
1941:
1933:
1925:
1917:
1909:
1901:
1893:
1885:
1877:
1873:Alexander Boyd
1869:
1861:
1853:
1845:
1837:
1829:
1821:
1813:
1805:
1801:Josefa Segovia
1797:
1789:
1780:
1778:
1770:
1769:
1757:
1756:
1749:
1748:
1741:
1734:
1726:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1674:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1647:(November 2–3)
1642:
1639:Macon, Georgia
1635:
1632:
1631:
1621:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1607:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1572:
1571:(September 29)
1566:
1560:
1559:(September 10)
1553:
1550:
1549:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1525:
1524:(August 30–31)
1519:
1518:(August 27–29)
1513:
1507:
1501:
1498:
1492:
1486:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1465:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1439:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1415:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1349:
1343:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1293:New London, CT
1290:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1269:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1222:
1219:Milan, Georgia
1216:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1151:
1145:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1110:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1064:
1063:
1056:
1055:
1048:
1041:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1017:
1004:
963:
938:
910:
874:
831:
830:
818:
803:
788:
786:, p. 234.
773:
756:
740:
733:
730:
729:
728:
723:
718:
713:
706:
703:
700:
699:
696:
691:
687:
686:
683:
680:
676:
675:
672:
669:
665:
664:
661:
658:
654:
653:
650:
647:
643:
642:
639:
634:
633:June 18, 1919
630:
629:
626:
623:
619:
618:
615:
612:
594:
591:
555:Main article:
552:
549:
541:Main article:
538:
535:
514:
511:
496:
495:
492:
491:
485:
482:Wilmington, DE
479:
473:
472:(November 2–3)
467:
464:Macon, Georgia
461:
455:
449:
443:
442:(September 29)
437:
431:
430:(September 10)
425:
419:
418:(August 30–31)
413:
412:(August 27–29)
407:
401:
395:
392:
386:
380:
373:
372:
368:
367:
361:
355:
349:
343:
337:
331:
325:
319:
313:
307:
301:
295:
289:
283:
277:
271:
265:
259:
253:
247:
241:
234:
233:
229:
228:
225:New London, CT
222:
216:
210:
204:
201:
195:
189:
186:New London, CT
183:
177:
174:Milan, Georgia
171:
165:
159:
156:Charleston, SC
153:
147:
141:
135:
129:
122:
121:
117:
116:
113:
112:
103:
102:
95:
88:
80:
72:
71:
68:
64:
63:
54:
50:
49:
46:
42:
41:
38:
30:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4217:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4155:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4121:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4108:
4104:
4102:
4101:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4085:
4082:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4072:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4060:Silent Parade
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4039:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4028:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4019:
4015:
4013:
4012:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
4000:
3999:Hang 'Em High
3996:
3994:
3992:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3976:
3974:
3973:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3956:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3940:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3899:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3818:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3786:
3784:
3783:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3772:
3766:
3763:
3760:
3759:Strange Fruit
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3738:
3734:
3732:
3731:Father Divine
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3680:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3653:Jim Crow laws
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3619:
3616:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3598:
3595:
3592:
3589:
3585:
3582:
3579:
3576:
3573:
3570:
3567:
3564:
3561:
3558:
3555:
3552:
3549:
3546:
3543:
3540:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3482:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3467:
3464:
3461:
3458:
3455:
3452:
3449:
3446:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3426:
3425:Walker family
3423:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3409:
3406:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3388:
3385:
3382:
3379:
3376:
3373:
3370:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3337:
3334:
3331:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3307:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3225:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3190:
3187:
3184:
3181:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3163:
3156:
3152:
3136:
3135:Ahmaud Arbery
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3111:Yusef Hawkins
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3087:Betty Gardner
3084:
3080:
3079:Marian Pyszko
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3063:Carol Jenkins
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3047:Vernon Dahmer
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2975:George W. Lee
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2828:James Cameron
2825:
2821:
2820:George Hughes
2817:
2813:
2812:J. C. Collins
2809:
2805:
2804:Leonard Woods
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2740:Owen Flemming
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2692:Fred N. Selak
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
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2549:
2545:
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2540:George Taylor
2537:
2533:
2529:
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2521:
2517:
2516:Robert Prager
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2500:Charles Jones
2497:
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2321:
2317:
2316:"Mose" Creole
2313:
2309:
2308:Matthew Chase
2305:
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2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
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2276:William Burns
2273:
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2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2180:Fred Rochelle
2177:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2145:F. W. Stewart
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2129:John Anderson
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
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2066:
2065:Alfred Blount
2062:
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2057:John Peterson
2054:
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2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
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2018:
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1994:
1990:
1986:
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1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
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1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1913:Michael Green
1910:
1906:
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1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
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1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
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1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1825:Henry Plummer
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1809:Pancho Daniel
1806:
1802:
1798:
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1665:(November 22)
1664:
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1659:(November 13)
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1653:(November 11)
1652:
1649:
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1643:
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1606:(October 1–2)
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1412:Gilmer, Texas
1410:
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1129:
1125:
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1107:Pace, Florida
1105:
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1049:
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1018:9780807833940
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978:
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939:
932:September 11,
928:
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827:
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815:
810:
808:
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795:
793:
785:
784:Williams 2010
780:
778:
770:
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763:
761:
753:
748:
746:
741:
739:
738:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
708:
697:
695:
694:Willie Temple
692:
689:
688:
684:
681:
678:
677:
673:
671:Miles Phifer
670:
667:
666:
662:
659:
656:
655:
651:
648:
645:
644:
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638:
635:
632:
631:
627:
624:
622:June 6, 1919
621:
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609:
601:
590:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
558:
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534:
532:
528:
524:
520:
510:
508:
504:
490:(November 22)
489:
486:
484:(November 13)
483:
480:
478:(November 11)
477:
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
459:
456:
454:(October 1–2)
453:
450:
447:
444:
441:
438:
435:
432:
429:
426:
423:
420:
417:
414:
411:
408:
405:
402:
399:
398:New York City
396:
393:
390:
387:
384:
381:
378:
375:
374:
370:
369:
365:
362:
359:
356:
353:
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344:
341:
338:
335:
332:
329:
326:
323:
320:
317:
314:
311:
308:
305:
304:New York City
302:
299:
296:
293:
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284:
281:
278:
275:
272:
269:
266:
263:
260:
257:
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133:
130:
127:
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123:
119:
118:
114:
109:
101:
96:
94:
89:
87:
82:
81:
78:
69:
65:
62:
61:United States
58:
55:
51:
47:
43:
36:
31:
28:
23:
4106:
4098:
4086:
4077:Sundown town
4069:
4037:
4029:
4016:
4009:
3997:
3990:
3979:The Clansman
3977:
3970:
3794:
3787:
3780:
3765:Ida B. Wells
3753:Paul Robeson
3658:Ku Klux Klan
3604:James Chaney
3594:Anniston, AL
3218:Plummer Gang
3173:Joseph Smith
3071:Henry Marrow
3031:Frank Morris
2959:Willie Earle
2868:Cordie Cheek
2796:Henry Choate
2716:Dan Anderson
2676:Raymond Byrd
2660:Samuel Smith
2612:Willie Baird
2492:Frank Little
2484:Paulo Boleta
2412:Robert Perry
2388:Mary Jackson
2348:King Johnson
2300:James Hodges
2220:George White
2204:Walker Davis
2105:Jacob Henson
2033:Robert Lewis
1993:Ellen Watson
1881:Jim Williams
1857:Wyatt Outlaw
1663:Bogalusa, LA
1641:(November 2)
1612:(October 31)
1568:
1418:Newberry, SC
1384:(July 19–24)
1354:(July 10–12)
1195:Philadelphia
1082:(February 8)
1008:
996:. Retrieved
974:
957:September 8,
955:. Retrieved
951:The Guardian
949:
942:The Guardian
930:. Retrieved
918:
904:September 8,
902:. Retrieved
882:
868:September 8,
866:. Retrieved
846:
834:
833:
821:
816:, p. 1.
771:, p. 1.
754:, p. 1.
736:
735:
732:Bibliography
660:Unnamed man
637:Jim McMillan
560:
546:
522:
516:
500:
488:Bogalusa, LA
466:(November 2)
460:(October 31)
439:
364:Syracuse, NY
358:Philadelphia
328:Newberry, SC
300:(July 19–24)
270:(July 10–12)
268:Longview, TX
250:Philadelphia
150:Philadelphia
120:April – June
4109:(1999 film)
3993:(1936 film)
3872:James Rolph
3774:Legislation
3737:Flag Salute
3177:Hyrum Smith
3023:Lemuel Penn
3015:Louis Allen
2983:Emmett Till
2967:Lamar Smith
2943:Recy Taylor
2876:Claude Neal
2724:Will Sherod
2708:John Carter
2684:James Clark
2636:Henry Lowry
2508:Ell Persons
2396:Rob Edwards
2372:Will Porter
2228:David Wyatt
2196:George Ward
2073:Henry Smith
1969:Amos Miller
1953:Eliza Woods
1889:David Jones
1833:Bill Sketoe
1817:Joshua Boyd
1777:Before 1900
1530:(August 31)
1512:(August 22)
1506:(August 21)
1227:(May 27–28)
698:Montgomery
685:Montgomery
674:Montgomery
424:(August 31)
406:(August 22)
400:(August 21)
377:Whatley, AL
310:Norfolk, VA
182:(May 27–28)
132:Jenkins, GA
4195:Red Summer
4154:Categories
4123:Categories
4050:Red Summer
3743:N.A.A.C.P.
3668:Red Shirts
3500:Red Summer
3039:James Reeb
2911:Felix Hall
2903:After 1940
2652:Joe Pullen
2620:Roy Belton
2572:Will Brown
2476:Jeff Brown
2436:John Evans
2420:? Anderson
2324:"Pie" Hill
2292:Jim Miller
2268:Slab Pitts
2260:Ed Johnson
2097:Amos Hicks
2017:Dick Lundy
2009:Jim Taylor
1692:Red Summer
1682:Categories
1510:Austin, TX
1497:(August 4)
1491:(August 3)
1485:(August 1)
1156:(April 14)
1150:(April 13)
1144:(April 10)
1115:(March 14)
1109:(March 12)
835:References
557:Red Summer
458:Corbin, KY
446:Elaine, AR
404:Austin, TX
391:(August 4)
385:(August 3)
379:(August 1)
238:Bisbee, AZ
140:(April 14)
134:(April 13)
128:(April 10)
108:Red Summer
27:Red Summer
4040:(musical)
2756:Joe Smith
2700:Tom Payne
2668:L. Q. Ivy
2596:Jay Lynch
2444:Leo Frank
2172:1900–1940
1645:Ocoee, FL
1547:September
1456:(July 31)
1450:(July 31)
1444:(July 31)
1438:(July 28)
1426:(July 26)
1420:(July 24)
1414:(July 24)
1408:(July 23)
1402:(July 23)
1396:(July 21)
1390:(July 20)
1378:(July 15)
1372:(July 15)
1366:(July 14)
1360:(July 11)
1295:(June 29)
1289:(June 27)
1283:(June 27)
1277:(June 18)
1266:Macon, MS
1191:(May 5–6)
985:1553-8095
891:2471-7754
855:2381-0068
551:Aftermath
470:Ocoee, FL
452:Baltimore
416:Knoxville
366:(July 31)
360:(July 31)
354:(July 31)
348:(July 28)
336:(July 26)
330:(July 24)
324:(July 23)
322:Darby, PA
318:(July 23)
312:(July 21)
306:(July 20)
294:(July 15)
288:(July 15)
282:(July 14)
276:(July 11)
274:Baltimore
227:(June 29)
221:(June 27)
215:(June 27)
213:Annapolis
209:(June 18)
198:Macon, MS
4107:Vendetta
3643:Lynching
3614:) (1964)
3179:) (1844)
2153:Sam Hose
1629:November
1348:(July 9)
1342:(July 8)
1336:(July 7)
1330:(July 6)
1324:(July 3)
1268:(June 7)
1239:(May 31)
1233:(May 30)
1221:(May 26)
1215:(May 21)
1209:(May 10)
1203:(May 10)
1072:February
927:12760995
899:18530685
863:25612160
705:See also
579:Arkansas
531:Wetumpka
264:(July 9)
258:(July 8)
252:(July 7)
246:(July 6)
240:(July 3)
200:(June 7)
194:(May 31)
188:(May 30)
176:(May 26)
170:(May 21)
164:(May 10)
158:(May 10)
53:Location
25:Part of
3636:General
2025:Joe Coe
1897:Jo Reed
1594:October
1197:(May 9)
1185:(May 5)
998:July 5,
993:1645522
663:Clarke
652:Clarke
628:Mobile
617:County
567:Chicago
503:lynched
340:Chicago
152:(May 9)
146:(May 5)
4038:Parade
4026:(1965)
3901:Memory
3620:(1964)
3596:(1961)
3590:(1952)
3580:(1946)
3574:(1945)
3568:(1943)
3562:(1937)
3556:(1933)
3550:(1932)
3544:(1930)
3538:(1927)
3532:(1923)
3526:(1922)
3520:(1921)
3514:(1920)
3508:(1920)
3502:(1919)
3486:(1919)
3480:(1919)
3474:(1919)
3468:(1918)
3462:(1917)
3456:(1916)
3450:(1912)
3444:(1911)
3438:(1910)
3427:(1908)
3421:(1906)
3410:(1905)
3404:(1899)
3398:(1898)
3392:(1898)
3386:(1898)
3380:(1897)
3374:(1892)
3368:(1892)
3362:(1891)
3356:(1880)
3350:(1879)
3344:(1879)
3338:(1878)
3332:(1878)
3326:(1876)
3320:(1876)
3314:(1876)
3308:(1874)
3296:(1873)
3290:(1871)
3279:(1868)
3273:(1868)
3267:(1868)
3261:(1868)
3255:(1868)
3249:(1868)
3243:(1868)
3232:(1866)
3226:(1866)
3220:(1864)
3214:(1864)
3208:(1863)
3197:(1863)
3191:(1862)
3185:(1858)
3137:(2020)
3129:(2011)
3121:(1998)
3113:(1989)
3105:(1981)
3097:(1979)
3089:(1978)
3081:(1975)
3073:(1970)
3065:(1968)
3057:(1967)
3049:(1966)
3041:(1965)
3033:(1964)
3025:(1964)
3017:(1964)
3009:(1959)
3001:(1957)
2993:(1957)
2985:(1955)
2977:(1955)
2969:(1955)
2961:(1947)
2953:(1946)
2945:(1944)
2937:(1944)
2929:(1943)
2921:(1943)
2913:(1941)
2894:(1940)
2886:(1940)
2878:(1934)
2870:(1933)
2862:(1933)
2854:(1932)
2846:(1931)
2838:(1931)
2830:(1930)
2822:(1930)
2814:(1928)
2806:(1927)
2798:(1927)
2790:(1927)
2782:(1927)
2774:(1927)
2766:(1927)
2758:(1927)
2750:(1927)
2742:(1927)
2734:(1927)
2726:(1927)
2718:(1927)
2710:(1927)
2702:(1927)
2694:(1926)
2686:(1926)
2678:(1926)
2670:(1925)
2662:(1924)
2654:(1923)
2646:(1922)
2638:(1921)
2630:(1921)
2622:(1920)
2614:(1920)
2606:(1919)
2598:(1919)
2590:(1919)
2582:(1919)
2574:(1919)
2566:(1919)
2558:(1918)
2550:(1918)
2542:(1918)
2534:(1918)
2526:(1918)
2518:(1918)
2510:(1917)
2502:(1917)
2494:(1917)
2486:(1916)
2478:(1916)
2470:(1916)
2462:(1916)
2454:(1915)
2446:(1915)
2438:(1914)
2430:(1914)
2422:(1913)
2414:(1913)
2406:(1912)
2398:(1912)
2390:(1912)
2382:(1911)
2374:(1911)
2366:(1911)
2358:(1911)
2350:(1911)
2342:(1910)
2334:(1909)
2326:(1909)
2318:(1909)
2310:(1909)
2302:(1909)
2294:(1909)
2286:(1907)
2278:(1907)
2270:(1906)
2262:(1906)
2254:(1906)
2246:(1904)
2238:(1904)
2230:(1903)
2222:(1903)
2214:(1903)
2206:(1903)
2198:(1901)
2190:(1901)
2182:(1901)
2163:(1899)
2155:(1899)
2147:(1898)
2139:(1898)
2131:(1898)
2123:(1897)
2115:(1897)
2107:(1896)
2099:(1894)
2091:(1894)
2083:(1894)
2075:(1893)
2067:(1893)
2059:(1893)
2051:(1893)
2043:(1892)
2035:(1892)
2027:(1891)
2019:(1891)
2011:(1891)
2003:(1890)
1995:(1889)
1987:(1889)
1979:(1889)
1971:(1888)
1963:(1886)
1955:(1886)
1947:(1884)
1939:(1882)
1931:(1881)
1923:(1879)
1915:(1878)
1907:(1877)
1899:(1875)
1891:(1872)
1883:(1871)
1875:(1870)
1867:(1870)
1859:(1870)
1851:(1868)
1843:(1864)
1835:(1864)
1827:(1864)
1819:(1863)
1811:(1858)
1803:(1851)
1795:(1837)
1787:(1836)
1473:August
1015:
991:
983:
925:
897:
889:
861:
853:
597:": -->
67:Deaths
3584:Harry
1132:April
1097:March
737:Notes
641:Bibb
614:Name
611:Date
434:Omaha
4081:list
3991:Fury
3673:Jews
3586:and
3302:(AL)
1312:July
1256:June
1013:ISBN
1000:2019
989:OCLC
981:ISSN
959:2019
934:2019
923:OCLC
906:2019
895:OCLC
887:ISSN
870:2019
859:OCLC
851:ISSN
599:edit
585:and
569:and
232:July
45:Date
1173:May
577:in
505:in
4156::
3610:,
3606:,
3175:,
987:.
973:.
948:.
917:.
893:.
881:.
857:.
845:.
806:^
791:^
776:^
759:^
744:^
521:.
59:,
4083:)
4079:(
3957:"
3953:"
3761:"
3757:"
3739:"
3735:"
3602:(
3171:(
1745:e
1738:t
1731:v
1052:e
1045:t
1038:v
1021:.
1002:.
961:.
936:.
908:.
872:.
828:.
801:.
603:]
99:e
92:t
85:v
70:3
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