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sleeping car behind it. As with many railway collisions in
Britain about this time, flammable gas escaping from the cylinders for the gas-oil lighting system ignited and rapidly spread a fire. Fourteen people in the first train died at the scene, and very few remains were later found. Two passengers subsequently died of their injuries. Thirty-eight passengers in the second train were seriously injured.
362:
thrown all his signals to "caution" or "danger" after the first train passed. As the second train approached, he thought it was proceeding slowly under caution, and lowered the home signal to allow the train to proceed as far as the starting signal. When he realised that the train was actually steaming hard, he could not throw the home signal back to "danger" until the train had already passed it.
336:, which were at danger. The crew also missed a red lantern being waved from the signal box by the Mallerstang signalman, and another being waved by the guard of the first train. Shortly after, they looked up from their distractions to see the first train stalled not far in front of them, and far too late to stop.
324:, a few miles north of Ais Gill, the driver left the cab, to walk round the outside framing and oil some of the working parts while the train was in motion. Even though that procedure was no longer necessary because wick lubricators were in use, drivers apparently continued to do it out of habit and pride.
361:
The
Mallerstang signalman was also criticised, although his actions did not contribute to the accident. The section controlled three main signals; the "distant", which could indicate "clear" or "caution", and the "home" and "starting", which could both indicate "clear" or "danger". The signalman had
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The crash caused an unexpectedly high number of casualties. Even though the last vehicle of the first train was a parcels van, the second train demolished it and ploughed into a third-class coach ahead. The roof of the parcels van slid over the roof of the second engine and sliced into a first class
381:
With regard to the issue of lack of motive power, the inquiry found that the
Midland's policy was not to use pilot engines on engines that were on or slightly over their weight limit as the time lost in calling up a pilot engine, attaching it to the train and then removing it further along the line
260:
in
Northwest England on 2 September 1913. Two long trains were both ascending a steep gradient with some difficulty, because their engines generated barely enough power to carry the load. When the first train stopped to build up steam pressure, the driver and fireman of the second train were
281:, which owned and operated the Settle-Carlisle line, had a policy of using small engines, and the two locomotives had barely sufficient power to surmount the steep gradients on the line with the heavy trains they were assigned. In theory, the load pulled by the first engine,
374:, was discussed. This would sound a siren in the cab to alert the crew of a train if they passed a signal at danger or caution and then automatically apply the brakes if they failed to acknowledge and cancel the warning. Signalboxes should be fitted with
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The subsequent inquiry blamed the crew of the first train for neglecting to protect the rear of their train, and the enginemen (particularly the driver) of the second train for failing to proceed with caution knowing that they must have passed several
331:
to work, so the water level in the boiler was dropping. When the driver returned, both men worked on the injector, and eventually restarted it. While they were distracted by the problem, their train had passed all the signals at the
Mallerstang
378:, to alert engine crews who missed signals or were unable to observe them in fog or thick weather. Electric lighting was clearly safer than gas oil lighting, and steel-framed carriages were less likely to be crushed than wooden-framed stock.
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The inquiry made several recommendations. Most concerned the enforcement of regulations on drivers, firemen, guards and signalmen to ensure closer attention to their primary duty; the care and safety of trains. The more extensive use of
304:
to hold the train brakes "off", and so the train stopped one-half-mile (800 m) short of the summit. As they cleaned out the grate and tried to build up steam pressure, the driver and fireman made the mistake of telling the
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which had taken place less than three years earlier, and to which the
Midland Railway's small-locomotive policy had also indirectly contributed (in this instance by leading to a large number of light engine movements).
289:, but was not given one. To make matters worse, the coal with which both engines were supplied had not been properly screened and was full of slack and small coal, which did not fire well and tended to clog the grates.
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distracted by maintenance routines, and failed to observe the warning signals. The collision wrecked several carriages, which were then engulfed by flammable gas, killing 16 people and injuring 38.
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was greater than the time lost by a slightly overloaded train unable to keep up to time. The company did not discipline drivers who failed to keep to time because their trains were overloaded.
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The driver of the second train, Samuel Caudle, was convicted of culpable negligence and imprisoned. Due to strong public opinion that this was unjust, the Home
Secretary ordered his release.
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The
Mallerstang section of the Settle-Carlisle line: including a commemoration (and a list of names) of all those who lost their lives during its construction and in subsequent accidents
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summit, the highest point of the Settle-Carlisle line, the steam pressure steadily dropped to the point where the locomotive's
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While the driver was out of the cab, the fireman was having difficulty getting an
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on the rails or walking a considerable distance along the line with a lantern.
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indicates railway accidents and incidents resulting in at least 20 fatalities
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The first train left
Carlisle at 1:38 am. As it struggled up the gradient to
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464:. Bodley Head / David and Charles / Pan Books /Alan Sutton Publishing.
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320:, was also struggling, although it had a lighter load. Just short of
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The two trains involved were both passenger trains, which had left
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indicates the deadliest railway accident in
British history
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A modern train having no difficulty with the same gradient
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Accidents and incidents involving Settle-Carlisle Railway
388:
The site of the crash was quite close to the site of the
732:
St. Croix, New Brunswick, Canada / Vanceboro, Maine, US
2269:
Railway accidents involving a signal passed at danger
959:
Railway accidents and incidents in the United Kingdom
508:
Railways Archive summary, including official report
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273:in the early hours of 2 September, destined for
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943:
528:
2234:Railway accidents and incidents in Cumbria
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2294:Rail accidents caused by a driver's error
76:Learn how and when to remove this message
370:(ATC), then under extended trial on the
39:This article includes a list of general
316:Meanwhile, the second train, hauled by
2226:
438:, Goodall & Suddick, p. 167,
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581:Rogers Pass, British Columbia, Canada
516:
425:
2279:1913 disasters in the United Kingdom
599:Aisgill summit, Westmorland, England
459:
25:
662:Guyandotte River, West Virginia, US
13:
697:Exeter, New South Wales, Australia
45:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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814:Saint-Michel-de-Maurienne, France
479:
245:List of UK rail accidents by year
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913:
908:
98:
30:
680:Ais Gill, Westmoreland, England
487:Map sources for Ais Gill summit
300:were unable to generate enough
16:Train crash in Cumbria, England
837:Little Salkeld, United Kingdom
543:Railway accidents in the 1910s
403:List of British rail accidents
19:For the accident in 1995, see
1:
2289:Train and rapid transit fires
418:
93:Ais Gill rail accident (1913)
820:Shepherdsville, Kentucky, US
413:List of transportation fires
348:
7:
2264:20th century in Westmorland
2239:Train collisions in England
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264:
21:1995 Ais Gill rail accident
10:
2315:
750:St Bedes Junction, England
575:Wellington, Washington, US
453:
18:
2259:Rail transport in Cumbria
2244:Railway accidents in 1913
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2069:Victoria & Paddington
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1840:King's Cross & Euston
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358:without observing them.
271:Carlisle railway station
1593:Harrow & Wealdstone
1245:Parkgate & Rawmarsh
849:Nashville, Tennessee US
802:Houten, the Netherlands
622:Indianola, Nebraska, US
432:John R. Raynes (1921),
408:Lists of rail accidents
368:Automatic Train Control
60:more precise citations.
1891:Paisley Gilmour Street
867:Brooklyn, New York, US
738:Quintinshill, Scotland
593:Novato, California, US
587:Spring Creek, Iowa, US
569:Nairn, Ontario, Canada
460:Rolt, L.T.C. (1999) .
254:Ais Gill rail accident
157:54.368470°N 2.349350°W
2284:September 1913 events
1730:Knowle & Dorridge
1694:Severn Railway Bridge
1221:Birmingham New Street
639:Corning, New York, US
372:Great Western Railway
1284:Glasgow Queen Street
843:Hammond, Indiana, US
773:Herceghalom, Hungary
703:Carrbridge, Scotland
258:Settle–Carlisle line
185:Settle-Carlisle Line
162:54.368470; -2.349350
1724:Coppenhall Junction
1608:Irk Valley Junction
1525:Manchester Victoria
790:Edinburgh, Scotland
726:Guadalajara, Mexico
153: /
2254:History of Cumbria
1816:Audenshaw Junction
1650:Chapel-en-le-Frith
1644:Welwyn Garden City
1546:Penmanshiel Tunnel
1337:Welwyn Garden City
884:Vigerslev, Denmark
855:Weesp, Netherlands
616:Hopkinstown, Wales
275:St Pancras station
2221:
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2165:Spa Road Junction
2034:Glasgow Bellgrove
1540:Stockport Viaduct
1396:Norton Fitzwarren
1296:Combe Down Tunnel
1162:St Bedes Junction
925:
924:
899:
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674:Bramming, Denmark
668:Chumhill, England
549:Location and date
471:978-0-7509-2047-6
376:detonator placers
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115:2 September 1913
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2019:Clapham Junction
1852:Watford Junction
1834:Eltham Well Hall
1822:Sheerness-on-Sea
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1620:Sutton Coldfield
1614:Watford Junction
1432:Catterick Bridge
1319:Leighton Buzzard
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1817:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1736:Cheadle Hulme
1734:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1665:Dagenham East
1663:
1661:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1598:
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1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1507:South Croydon
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1423:Bethnal Green
1421:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1365:
1364:Charing Cross
1362:
1359:
1358:Charing Cross
1356:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1313:Lawrence Hill
1311:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1278:London Bridge
1276:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1209:Littlehampton
1207:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1084:Braunton Road
1082:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1007:Charing Cross
1005:
1002:
999:
997:
993:
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
975:
972:
971:
969:
965:
960:
953:
948:
946:
941:
939:
934:
933:
930:
920:
916:
911:
907:
902:
892:(20 December)
891:
888:
885:
882:
881:
879:
875:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
834:
832:
828:
822:(20 December)
821:
818:
816:(12 December)
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
787:
785:
781:
774:
771:
768:
765:
764:
762:
758:
752:(17 December)
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
717:
715:
711:
704:
701:
698:
695:
694:
692:
688:
682:(2 September)
681:
678:
675:
672:
670:(26 February)
669:
666:
663:
660:
659:
657:
653:
646:
643:
640:
637:
636:
634:
630:
623:
620:
617:
614:
613:
611:
607:
601:(24 December)
600:
597:
594:
591:
588:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
560:
558:
554:
551:
547:
538:
533:
531:
526:
524:
519:
518:
515:
509:
506:
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501:
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494:
491:
488:
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473:
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445:
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428:
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383:
379:
377:
373:
369:
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357:
346:
337:
335:
330:
325:
323:
319:
318:No. 446 4-4-0
314:
312:
308:
303:
299:
295:
290:
288:
284:
283:No. 993 4-4-0
280:
276:
272:
262:
259:
255:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
205:
201:
197:
193:
191:Incident type
189:
186:
183:
179:
175:
171:
166:
138:
134:
131:
127:
124:
120:
114:
110:
105:
101:
96:
91:
88:
80:
77:
69:
59:
55:
49:
48:
42:
37:
28:
27:
22:
2215:2000–present
2196:
2191:
2180:
2022:
2013:
2010:King's Cross
1861:
1775:
1772:Hither Green
1659:
1596:
1534:
1519:
1510:
1477:
1468:
1459:King's Cross
1453:
1426:
1417:
1408:
1399:
1390:
1381:Bounds Green
1352:
1272:
1251:Hull Paragon
1192:Paddock Wood
1180:Bere Ferrers
1150:
1147:
1144:Quintinshill
1119:
1031:
1016:
995:
886:(1 November)
869:(1 November)
861:Getå, Sweden
839:(19 January)
798:(13 January)
775:(1 December)
769:(7 November)
734:(2 February)
728:(22 January)
679:
618:(23 January)
571:(21 January)
461:
433:
427:
387:
384:
380:
364:
360:
352:
343:
326:
315:
291:
287:pilot engine
268:
253:
251:
87:
72:
66:January 2017
63:
44:
2299:Mallerstang
2179:(Oct 1999)
2040:West Ealing
2021:(Dec 1988)
2012:(Nov 1987)
1897:Invergowrie
1860:(Feb 1975)
1774:(Nov 1967)
1658:(Dec 1957)
1595:(Oct 1952)
1563:Penmaenmawr
1533:(Apr 1948)
1518:(Oct 1947)
1509:(Oct 1947)
1497:(July 1947)
1483:Potters Bar
1476:(Jan 1946)
1467:(Sep 1945)
1452:(Jan 1945)
1425:(Mar 1943)
1416:(Dec 1941)
1407:(Jan 1941)
1398:(Nov 1940)
1389:(Oct 1940)
1351:(Dec 1937)
1325:Raynes Park
1271:(Jun 1928)
1146:(May 1915)
1126:Burntisland
1061:Bournemouth
1030:(Dec 1906)
1015:(Jul 1906)
994:(Jul 1905)
961:, 1900–1999
863:(1 October)
792:(3 January)
746:(14 August)
722:(1 January)
664:(1 January)
565:(1 January)
322:Mallerstang
160: /
136:Coordinates
130:Westmorland
58:introducing
2228:Categories
2173:(Jun 1999)
2167:(Jan 1999)
2161:(Sep 1997)
2155:(Feb 1997)
2149:(Nov 1996)
2143:(Aug 1996)
2137:(Mar 1996)
2131:(Jul 1995)
2125:(Jan 1995)
2119:(Oct 1994)
2113:(Jun 1994)
2107:(Jun 1994)
2101:(Sep 1993)
2095:(Nov 1992)
2089:(Feb 1992)
2083:(Dec 1991)
2077:(Jul 1991)
2071:(Feb 1991)
2065:(Jan 1991)
2059:(Aug 1990)
2042:(Aug 1989)
2036:(Mar 1989)
2030:(Mar 1989)
2006:(Oct 1987)
2000:(Sep 1986)
1994:(Jul 1986)
1992:Lockington
1988:(Dec 1984)
1982:(Dec 1984)
1976:(Nov 1984)
1970:(Oct 1984)
1964:(Jul 1984)
1958:(Jun 1984)
1952:(Dec 1983)
1946:(Dec 1981)
1944:Seer Green
1940:(Dec 1981)
1934:(Jul 1980)
1928:(Apr 1980)
1922:(Feb 1980)
1916:(Jan 1980)
1899:(Oct 1979)
1893:(Apr 1979)
1887:(Jul 1978)
1881:(Mar 1976)
1875:(Oct 1975)
1873:Green Park
1869:(Jun 1975)
1854:(Jan 1975)
1848:(Dec 1973)
1842:(Sep 1973)
1836:(Jun 1972)
1830:(May 1972)
1824:(Feb 1971)
1818:(May 1970)
1801:(May 1969)
1795:(Jan 1969)
1789:(Sep 1968)
1787:Castlecary
1783:(Jan 1968)
1768:(Jul 1967)
1762:(Mar 1967)
1756:(Feb 1967)
1750:(Jun 1965)
1744:(Jan 1965)
1742:Coton Hill
1738:(May 1964)
1732:(Aug 1963)
1726:(Dec 1962)
1720:(Jun 1962)
1714:(Jul 1961)
1708:(Feb 1961)
1702:(Feb 1961)
1696:(Oct 1960)
1690:(Jan 1960)
1673:(Aug 1958)
1671:Eastbourne
1667:(Jan 1958)
1652:(Feb 1957)
1646:(Jan 1957)
1640:(Dec 1955)
1634:(Dec 1955)
1628:(Nov 1955)
1622:(Jan 1955)
1616:(Feb 1954)
1610:(Aug 1953)
1604:(Apr 1953)
1589:(Sep 1951)
1583:(Aug 1951)
1577:(Jul 1951)
1575:Huntingdon
1571:(Mar 1951)
1565:(Aug 1950)
1548:(Jun 1949)
1542:(Nov 1948)
1527:(Dec 1947)
1503:(Aug 1947)
1495:Polesworth
1491:(May 1947)
1485:(Feb 1946)
1465:Bourne End
1461:(Feb 1945)
1446:(Jun 1944)
1440:(Jan 1944)
1434:(Feb 1944)
1383:(Oct 1940)
1366:(May 1938)
1360:(Mar 1938)
1349:Castlecary
1345:(Apr 1937)
1339:(Jun 1935)
1333:(Sep 1934)
1327:(May 1933)
1321:(Mar 1931)
1315:(Jan 1930)
1298:(Nov 1929)
1292:(Oct 1928)
1286:(Oct 1928)
1280:(Jul 1928)
1269:Darlington
1265:(Aug 1927)
1259:(Feb 1927)
1253:(Feb 1927)
1247:(Nov 1926)
1241:(Nov 1924)
1235:(Feb 1923)
1229:(Dec 1922)
1223:(Nov 1921)
1217:(Jan 1921)
1211:(Aug 1920)
1194:(May 1919)
1188:(Jan 1918)
1182:(Sep 1917)
1176:(Jan 1917)
1170:(Feb 1916)
1164:(Dec 1915)
1158:(Aug 1915)
1140:(Jan 1915)
1134:(Jun 1914)
1132:Carrbridge
1128:(Apr 1914)
1122:(Sep 1913)
1116:(Feb 1913)
1110:(Sep 1912)
1104:(Jan 1911)
1102:Pontypridd
1098:(Dec 1910)
1092:(Jan 1910)
1086:(Jan 1910)
1069:(Mar 1909)
1063:(May 1908)
1057:(Oct 1907)
1055:Shrewsbury
1051:(Oct 1907)
1045:(Oct 1907)
1043:Birmingham
1039:(Sep 1907)
1024:(Sep 1906)
1009:(Dec 1905)
1003:(Sep 1905)
988:(Feb 1904)
982:(Jul 1903)
976:(Jun 1900)
699:(13 March)
595:(8 August)
589:(21 March)
444:Q115680227
419:References
334:signal box
311:detonators
220:Passengers
207:Statistics
145:54°22′06″N
41:references
2202:1815–1899
1938:Ulleskelf
1754:Stechford
1706:Baschurch
1602:Stratford
1581:Newcastle
1569:Doncaster
1501:Doncaster
1474:Lichfield
1290:Charfield
1263:Sevenoaks
1257:Penistone
1168:Penistone
1067:Tonbridge
1013:Salisbury
992:Hall Road
845:(22 June)
705:(18 June)
676:(26 July)
583:(4 March)
577:(1 March)
349:Aftermath
194:Collision
148:2°20′58″W
2171:Winsford
2159:Southall
2135:Stafford
2123:Ais Gill
2105:Greenock
2057:Stafford
1914:Dunmurry
1879:West Ham
1867:Nuneaton
1858:Moorgate
1748:Winsford
1656:Lewisham
1531:Winsford
1489:Grayrigg
1215:Abermule
1120:Ais Gill
1114:Chumhill
1022:Grantham
986:Gomshall
851:(9 July)
804:(7 June)
740:(22 May)
641:(4 July)
624:(29 May)
440:Wikidata
397:See also
329:injector
298:ejectors
294:Ais Gill
265:Incident
122:Location
2141:Watford
2111:Morpeth
2093:Morpeth
1998:Colwich
1962:Polmont
1956:Morpeth
1932:Holborn
1885:Taunton
1799:Morpeth
1718:Lincoln
1516:Goswick
1331:Winwick
1233:Retford
1037:Newport
454:Sources
356:signals
236:Injured
176:England
173:Country
126:Aisgill
107:Details
54:improve
2153:Bexley
2117:Cowden
2075:Newton
2028:Purley
1980:Eccles
1926:Bushey
1920:Bushey
1846:Ealing
1793:Marden
1766:Thirsk
1700:Royton
1688:Settle
1632:Barnes
1626:Milton
1587:Weedon
1438:Ilford
1414:Eccles
1387:Balham
1239:Lytham
1156:Weedon
1138:Ilford
1001:Witham
974:Slough
468:
442:
340:Damage
302:vacuum
277:. The
228:Deaths
212:Trains
43:, but
2129:Largs
2050:1990s
1907:1980s
1809:1970s
1781:Hixon
1681:1960s
1638:Luton
1556:1950s
1444:Soham
1374:1940s
1306:1930s
1202:1920s
1174:Ratho
1077:1910s
967:1900s
919:1920s
906:1900s
307:guard
199:Cause
117:03:04
1405:Bank
1049:Dore
877:1919
830:1918
783:1917
760:1916
713:1915
690:1914
655:1913
632:1912
609:1911
556:1910
466:ISBN
252:The
181:Line
112:Date
223:166
2230::
239:38
231:16
128:,
2197:§
2192:‡
2181:‡
2023:‡
2014:‡
1862:‡
1776:‡
1660:‡
1597:‡
1535:‡
1520:‡
1511:‡
1478:‡
1469:‡
1454:‡
1427:‡
1418:‡
1409:‡
1400:‡
1391:‡
1353:‡
1273:‡
1151:§
1148:‡
1032:‡
1017:‡
996:‡
951:e
944:t
937:v
536:e
529:t
522:v
474:.
215:2
79:)
73:(
68:)
64:(
50:.
23:.
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