30:
556:, many large cracks opened in the ground. Some cracks were longer than 300 meters. A 400 m area of alluvium in the city subsided significantly due to lateral spreading as a result of ground failure. Field observations also noted that an opening of the NeverĂ River was narrowed by more than two meters, while its water level rose. The water level in a number of saline wells rose substantially by several meters and began
51:
37:
317:
along either the La
Tortuga or San Sebastián faults. These two faults are thought to be striking east–west off the northern Venezuelan coast. A recent study in 2015, concluded that the San Sebastián Fault was the structure responsible for this earthquake. The San Sebastián Fault is submarine for most
623:
in Puerto Tuy, Miranda reported seeing large waves up to 10 meters high, although this claim is disputed. Because the earthquake struck in complete darkness, before sunrise, it is unlikely the eyewitnesses could have a clear view of the wave. In addition, it is nearly impossible for them to survive
304:
assigned VIII–X, causing landslides and liquefaction events. Many buildings were severely damaged or collapsed during the earthquake. It is thought to be the last great earthquake of the 19th century and the largest instrumentally recorded in the republic, having been felt throughout.
571:, portions of its bank slumped into the water. Large and deep fissures opened, ejecting mud and water. Seiches formed along the river, causing water to breach the channel by seven meters. A man was caught in the waves when he was taking a bath but managed to escape.
536:
was completely destroyed. In Macuto, landslides buried or destroyed railway lines serving the cities
Caracas and La Guaira. Guatire saw 237 homes, a parish church, government house, and court offices damaged or collapsed. In Guarenas, some 72 homes toppled.
913:
Colón, S.; Audemard, F.A.; Beck, C.; Avila, J.; Padrón, C.; De Batist, M.; Paolini, M.; Leal, A.F.; Van Welden, A. (2015). "The 1900 Mw 7.6 earthquake offshore north–central
Venezuela: Is La Tortuga or San Sebastián the source fault?".
644:
in
Venezuela due to its size and being one of the last great historical earthquakes at the time. The first seismic instruments were brought into the country in the aftermath of the earthquake and installed at the
326:
data. Audemard in 2002 used the idea of a seismic gap around the region where the earthquake struck. The rupture extent caused by the 1900 earthquake is located between that of the 1812 and 1853 earthquakes.
387:
were recorded in the months following the main event. The aftershocks were disruptive to the local population. An aftershock is claimed to have woken then
President of Venezuela
363:
catalog lists this earthquake as having a surface wave magnitude of 8.4 while a 1983 catalog placed that figure at 7.7. Charles
Francis Richter also assigned the earthquake at M
592:
also described violent seiches in the lake as well as loud noises compared to that of a sea. They added that large flames and fire shot out of the ground near the lake shores.
1192:
1054:
1298:
619:
at the mouth of the Neverà River which resulted in the rise in water level. The tsunami is estimated to be 1–meter high. Witnesses at the coast at the mouth of the
1018:
Suárez, Gerardo; Nábělek, John (10 October 1990). "The 1967 Caracas
Earthquake: Fault geometry, direction of rupture propagation and seismotectonic implications".
1753:
1157:[Macroseismic analysis of the earthquake MW ~ 7.6 in San Narciso of October 29, 1900, applying the environmental scale of seismic intensity ESI 2007].
29:
574:
In
Carenero, Miranda, the ground sprouted black water that smelled of sulfur. Liquefaction caused several homes and other buildings to sink partially.
1155:"Análisis macrosĂsmico del sismo MW~7,6 de san narciso del 29 de octubre de 1900, aplicando la escala medio–ambiental de intensidad sĂsmica ESI 2007"
407:, the earthquake badly affected the north-central Venezuelan coast. In the central region, the earthquake resulted in shaking as high as IX on the
355:, but was far less destructive. With a magnitude of 7.7 on the surface wave and moment magnitude scales, it is the largest instrumentally recorded
1291:
2031:
163:
1270:
615:
zones of northern
Venezuela. Waves swept into the Los Roques archipelago and north-central Venezuelan coasts. It manifested in the form of
1836:
1746:
1284:
888:
632:. The tsunami may have been generated by a submarine landslide or significant vertical slip mechanism associated with faulting.
1794:
791:"Reliability of first-hand accounts on the study of historical tsunamis in northeastern Venezuela (southeastern Caribbean Sea)"
427:
in the
Caribbean Sea suffered heavy impact, reportedly having the highest number of victims. Twenty-five people were killed in
1739:
224:
2041:
1762:
1518:
212:
1972:
1924:
1883:
529:
74:
322:. Older studies including one in 1984 assigned the San Sebastián Fault as the source after reassessing the earthquake
2006:
408:
1193:"A 119 años del Sismo de San Narciso el Gobierno Bolivariano promueve una cultura sĂsmica en comunidades y escuelas"
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1960:
1560:
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88:
2011:
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1154:
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863:
1871:
1551:
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1704:
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was partially submerged by the waves. A better estimate of the maximum tsunami wave height is 5 meters at
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1418:
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1332:
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1936:
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684:
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The total death toll from the earthquake is estimated to be over 140. At least 50 people were injured.
63:
138:
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1978:
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1153:
ColĂłn, Sirel; Leal, Alejandra; Audemard, Franck; Vásquez, Raquel; RodrĂguez, JosĂ© Antonio (2019).
1907:
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in the middle of the night. Frightened by the tremors, he leaped off one of the windows of the
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1984:
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1027:
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696:
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8:
708:
685:"Magnitude estimation of the 1900 earthquake in Venezuela based on its coseismic effects"
646:
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1031:
974:
927:
683:
Vásquez, R; Guzmán, A L; RodrĂguez, J A; ColĂłn, S; Audemard, F; Cabas, Mauricio (2020).
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1082:
730:
301:
1166:
1086:
982:
939:
734:
722:
499:
273:
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843:. Proceedings of the 4th world conference on earthquake engineering. Santiago, Chile
1231:
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1035:
978:
931:
802:
712:
704:
455:
293:
788:
459:
388:
1112:
553:
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which are evidence of the 1900 rupture. A rupture length of 220 km for an M
1731:
519:
463:
412:
411:, covering a 3,560 km region around the epicenter. The seaside cities of
2000:
1170:
943:
726:
612:
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404:
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277:
178:
165:
1039:
582:
568:
443:
1276:
1220:"A brief history of a restless vision: seismological research in Venezuela"
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682:
439:
318:
of its length. Its onshore trace is parallel to the southern flanks of the
889:"Tragedia de San Narciso. Terremoto de Caracas ocurrido en el año de 1900"
620:
564:
507:
343: 7.7 with an average slip depth at 15 km has been suggested.
332:
533:
861:
641:
616:
384:
717:
487:
435:
281:
1236:
807:
1055:"Seismic moment catalog of large shallow earthquakes, 1900 to 1989"
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235:
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A 100-meter wide landslide buried and sealed off a section of the
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959:"Revision of magnitudes of large shallow earthquakes, 1897–1912"
640:
The earthquake of 1900 was a catalyst in expanding research in
625:
532:, a church in Caracas, was severely damaged. Another church in
495:
483:
447:
1119:(in Spanish). Venezuelan Foundation for Seismological Research
466:. The heavily populated localities that were affected include
471:
371:. In a 1992 catalog and 2020 study, this event was assigned M
789:
Franck Albert Audemard M.; Alejandra F. Leal Guzman (2017).
624:
being struck by the 10-meter tsunami. The small village of
1107:
1105:
1103:
548:
At a seaside port in Barcelona named El RincĂłn, built on
1262:
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1052:
689:
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
1199:(in Spanish). Ministry of Communication and Information
1002:
423:
were the most severely affected by the earthquake. The
272:)), occurred on October 28 at between 4:30 and 4:45 am
1100:
912:
1719:
indicates earthquake resulting in at least 30 deaths
841:
Soil Engineering and Engineering Geology Observations
827:
825:
767:. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
1011:
831:
784:
782:
50:
956:
822:
1217:
1113:"El movimiento telĂşrico tuvo una magnitud de 8,0"
351:This earthquake is larger than the magnitude 7.5
1998:
1761:
1059:Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
862:José Grases; Arnaldo Gutiérrez; Rafael Salas J.
834:"Caracas, Venezuela earthquake of July 29, 1967"
779:
1007:(1 ed.). WH Freeman & Co. p. 768.
765:NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database
1724:indicates the deadliest earthquake of the year
544:Effects on landscape and hydrological features
1747:
1292:
1017:
1306:
1020:Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
963:Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors
891:(in Spanish). Radiorescate. 14 February 2019
881:
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585:dired up some time after the earthquake.
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276:. This earthquake had an epicenter off
1999:
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1184:
996:
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599:between Guaracarumbo and Ojo de Agua.
1735:
1280:
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1159:Journal of the Faculty of Engineering
1131:
903:
478:. Some slight damage was reported in
331:found young seafloor deformation and
2032:20th-century floods in South America
761:"Significant Earthquake Information"
748:
339: 7.6 and 270 km for a M
313:The earthquake was associated with
13:
1263:International Seismological Centre
950:
14:
2063:
1255:
1053:J.F. Pacheco, L.R. Sykes (1992).
409:Modified Mercalli intensity scale
1003:Charles Francis Richter (1958).
864:"LA INGENIERĂŤA SISMO-RESISTENTE"
664:List of earthquakes in Venezuela
649:in November 1900 to early 1901.
361:National Geophysical Data Center
49:
35:
28:
936:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2015.06.005
205:
36:
1307:Earthquakes in 1900–1909
855:
709:10.1088/1757-899X/872/1/012034
378:
1:
669:
395:and suffered a broken ankle.
367: 8.4 in his 1958 book
308:
300:of 7.7–8.4. It had a maximum
270:1900 terremoto de San Narciso
1763:Earthquakes in the Caribbean
1218:R. Altez; J. Grases (2004).
983:10.1016/0031-9201(83)90002-X
916:Marine and Petroleum Geology
832:Ferrer D., Cluff L. (1969).
346:
7:
2042:1900 disasters in Venezuela
1795:1766 Southeastern Caribbean
957:K. Abe, S. Noguchi (1983).
659:List of earthquakes in 1900
652:
10:
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602:
262:1900 Venezuelan earthquake
101:October 29, 1900
20:1900 Venezuelan earthquake
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597:Caracas-La Guaira highway
577:Hot springs located near
403:With an epicenter in the
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2007:Earthquakes in Venezuela
922:. Elsevier BV: 498–511.
588:Residents living around
530:Iglesia de San Francisco
480:San Antonio de Los Altos
320:Venezuelan Coastal Range
153:15 km (9.3 mi)
2022:1900 in the environment
1925:2003 Dominican Republic
1884:1946 Dominican Republic
1429:(6.9 & 7.2, Apr 4)
1191:Liendo, Daniel (2019).
1040:10.1029/JB095iB11p17459
701:2020MS&E..872a2034V
357:earthquake in Venezuela
353:1812 Caracas earthquake
16:Earthquake in Venezuela
2012:1900 natural disasters
1079:10.1785/BSSA0820031306
611:flooded the low-lying
504:Los Roques archipelago
425:Los Roques archipelago
298:surface-wave magnitude
292:. It had an estimated
266:San Narciso earthquake
2037:Tsunamis in Venezuela
1267:16957719 bibliography
1005:Elementary seismology
369:Elementary seismology
254:140 dead, 50+ injured
1902:1984 San Pedro Basin
1896:1974 Lesser Antilles
1224:Annals of Geophysics
1026:(B11): 17459–17474.
795:Annals of Geophysics
329:Ocean-bottom surveys
315:strike-slip faulting
2047:October 1900 events
1973:2019–20 Puerto Rico
1837:1867 Virgin Islands
1801:1770 Port-au-Prince
1789:1751 Port-au-Prince
1117:www.funvisis.gob.ve
1071:1992BuSSA..82.1306P
1032:1990JGR....9517459S
975:1983PEPI...33....1A
928:2015MarPG..67..498C
647:Cagigal Observatory
264:(also known as the
175: /
69:1900-10-29 09:11:00
21:
1271:authoritative data
558:sloshing violently
552:deposits from the
302:Mercalli intensity
19:
1994:
1993:
1955:2018 Swan Islands
1943:2009 Swan Islands
1729:
1728:
1698:(6.9, August 14)
1591:(7.5–8.0, Jan 4)
1450:(5.4, October 23)
500:La Tortuga Island
296:of 7.6–7.7 and a
258:
257:
2059:
2052:1900 earthquakes
1931:2004 Les Saintes
1825:1842 Cap-HaĂŻtien
1756:
1749:
1742:
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1732:
1561:Aleutian Islands
1519:Ecuador–Colombia
1438:(6.8–7.2, Aug 9)
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1819:1839 Martinique
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2027:1900s floods
1918:21st century
1908:1997 Cariaco
1890:1967 Caracas
1859:
1853:20th century
1813:1812 Caracas
1807:1787 Boricua
1783:1692 Jamaica
1777:1641 Caracas
1721:
1716:
1705:Wabash River
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1456:(6.1, Nov 6)
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1227:
1223:
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1197:minci.gob.ve
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764:
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554:NeverĂ River
547:
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393:Yellow House
382:
368:
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333:fault scarps
312:
280:or near the
269:
265:
261:
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227:
215:
116:04:30–04:45
1878:1929 Cumaná
1843:1875 CĂşcuta
969:(1): 1–11.
873:19 November
869:. p. 3
621:Guapo River
617:tidal bores
565:Unare River
385:aftershocks
379:Aftershocks
199:Strike-slip
184:11.0; -66.0
182: /
77: event
2001:Categories
1985:2021 Haiti
1967:2018 Haiti
1949:2010 Haiti
1770:Historical
1552:ValparaĂso
1485:Tsetserleg
718:11323/6540
670:References
642:seismology
630:Barlovento
613:near shore
583:Anzoátegui
569:Anzoátegui
563:Along the
444:Anzoátegui
436:landslides
309:Earthquake
282:Venezuelan
274:local time
268:(Español:
251:Casualties
238:(ESI 2007)
214:MMI VIII (
105:1900-10-29
66: time
1797:(6.5–7.5)
1669:Benavente
1390:Turkestan
1381:Guatemala
1353:Richfield
1341:Black Sea
1171:2443-4477
1087:132108756
944:0264-8172
771:August 2,
735:222118329
727:1757-899X
579:San Diego
512:San Diego
488:Panaquire
468:Barcelona
347:Magnitude
324:intensity
288:, in the
208:intensity
158:Epicenter
124:Magnitude
1687:Provence
1660:Borujerd
1616:Calabria
1598:Kingston
1567:Xinjiang
1497:Calabria
1372:Shamakhi
653:See also
550:alluvium
534:Naiguatá
524:Caucagua
516:Clarines
492:Guarenas
476:Carenero
452:Carabobo
429:Guarenas
417:Guarenas
284:capital
246:5 meters
137:7.7–8.4
127:7.6–7.7
81:16957719
1696:Anegawa
1678:Kerinci
1638:Messina
1607:Qaratog
1589:Sumatra
1546:Swansea
1528:Meishan
1402:Andijan
1347:Cheviot
1322:Caracas
1269:and/or
1243:13 June
1230:(2–3).
1203:12 June
1176:12 June
1123:12 June
1092:12 June
1067:Bibcode
1028:Bibcode
988:12 June
971:Bibcode
924:Bibcode
895:12 June
847:13 June
814:13 June
740:12 June
697:Bibcode
609:tsunami
603:Tsunami
460:Miranda
421:Guatire
286:Caracas
243:Tsunami
228:Extreme
226:MMI X (
170:66°00′W
167:11°00′N
103: (
43:Caracas
1491:Bolnai
1476:Kangra
1454:Douliu
1427:Kresna
1265:has a
1169:
1085:
942:
733:
725:
636:Legacy
626:Paparo
508:GĂĽigĂĽe
496:Capaya
484:Paparo
464:Vargas
448:Aragua
434:Large
413:Macuto
399:Impact
359:. The
216:Severe
1987:(7.2)
1981:(7.7)
1975:(6.4)
1969:(5.9)
1963:(7.3)
1957:(7.5)
1951:(7.0)
1945:(7.3)
1939:(7.4)
1933:(6.3)
1927:(6.4)
1910:(6.9)
1904:(6.7)
1898:(6.9)
1892:(6.7)
1886:(8.1)
1880:(6.9)
1874:(7.1)
1868:(6.5)
1862:(7.7)
1845:(7.5)
1839:(7.5)
1833:(8.5)
1827:(8.1)
1821:(8.0)
1815:(7.5)
1809:(8.0)
1803:(7.5)
1791:(8.0)
1785:(7.5)
1779:(6.5)
1442:Samos
1165:(1).
1083:S2CID
867:(PDF)
837:(PDF)
801:(6).
731:S2CID
472:Onoto
150:Depth
87:USGS-
1652:1909
1630:1908
1581:1907
1511:1906
1468:1905
1448:Oslo
1419:1904
1364:1902
1333:1901
1314:1900
1261:The
1245:2021
1205:2021
1178:2021
1167:ISSN
1125:2021
1094:2021
990:2021
940:ISSN
897:2021
875:2017
849:2021
816:2021
773:2022
742:2021
723:ISSN
522:and
474:and
462:and
438:and
419:and
260:The
206:Max.
195:Type
93:n/a
89:ANSS
1232:doi
1075:doi
1036:doi
979:doi
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803:doi
713:hdl
705:doi
693:872
567:in
118:VET
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