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1886 St. Cloud–Sauk Rapids tornado outbreak

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historically less exhaustive, owing to the lack of monitors in many nations and, in some cases, to internal political controls on public information. Most countries only recorded tornadoes that produced severe damage or loss of life. Significant low biases in U.S. tornado counts likely occurred through the early 1990s, when advanced
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Historically, the number of tornadoes globally and in the United States was and is likely underrepresented: research by Grazulis on annual tornado activity suggests that, as of 2001, only 53% of yearly U.S. tornadoes were officially recorded. Documentation of tornadoes outside the United States was
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destroyed or damaged 70 farmhouses, several of which were swept clean of debris, leaving only foundations behind. Hundreds of cattle were killed and a train was thrown off its tracks. Tornado also destroyed 32 structures in Coon Rapids, nine of which were homes. 18 injuries were reported along the
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Before the tornado struck, Sauk Rapids was considered one of the most important towns in Minnesota and a center of business for central Minnesota. It was a blossoming community located on the Mississippi River. However, the tornado changed the economic structure of the entire area, destroying at
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Tornado produced possible F4–F5 damage to five farmsteads, but little information was available with which to assign a rating higher than F3. 13 injuries were reported along the path, and total losses reached $ 100,000. One death may have occurred.
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least 109 commercial and public buildings in Sauk Rapids alone, including every business on Main Street, and causing over $ 400,000 ($ 13,564,000 in 2024) in damages. After the tornado, St. Cloud became the dominant business center in the region.
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intensity cut through the heart of Sauk Rapids. It was one of at least four tornadoes that affected the region between 3:00 p.m. – 5:00 p.m. that day. It had a maximum width of
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is generally defined as a group of at least six tornadoes (the number sometimes varies slightly according to local climatology) with no more than a six-hour gap between individual tornadoes. An
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Tornado injured seven people, downed hundreds of trees, unroofed a few farmhouses, and destroyed a number of barns. As the tornado crossed Long Lake it tossed water 100 
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from the book With Lamps Burning, an early history of the Saint Benedict's Monastery, by Grace McDonald. Made available online by the College of Saint Benedict Archives.
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in the early 1970s. Prior to the advent of the scale in 1971, tornadoes in the United States were officially unrated. While the Fujita scale has been superseded by the
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as the St. Cloud–Sauk Rapids F4. Two entire farms were obliterated and seven people were injured. "Tons" of debris from St. Cloud littered the landscape.
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Tornado caused one injury and unroofed or partly destroyed three homes, one of which lost its upper story. Several barns were destroyed as well.
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were demolished, and iron rails from the train track were pulled up and mangled. After passing through Sauk Rapids, the tornado moved on to
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affected portions of the Midwestern and Southern United States. The outbreak generated at least 18 tornadoes, four of which were
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Farms were obliterated, possibly at F4 intensity, but information was insufficient with which to assign a rating higher than F3.
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6 deaths – Tornado destroyed structures on 15 farmsteads, including four homes that were leveled. 20 injuries were reported.
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Tornado destroyed or damaged six barns on five farmsteads. A few homes lost their roofs or tipped onto their sides.
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in St. Cloud, which was spared by the tornado, became the center of relief efforts following the destruction. The
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Tornado injured 15 people and destroyed several homes, leaving only scattered pieces of lumber behind.
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who operated the hospital worked 48 hours straight until aid arrived from the nearby towns of
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Tornado injured four people and destroyed four homes, along with stables and barns.
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1 death – Tornado injured 10 people and destroyed or damaged three or more homes.
1717:"The Relation of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) to Winter Tornado Outbreaks" 1276: 666: 465: 181: 779:
Long-tracked tornado family destroyed at least 15 homes. Tornado began south of
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Prior to 1994, only the average widths of tornado paths were officially listed.
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utilized the old scale until April 1, 2013; nations elsewhere, like the
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Tornado Outbreak Day Sequences: Historic Events and Climatology (1875-2003)
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3 deaths – Tornado injured two people and destroyed three farmhouses.
2194:. St. Johnsbury, Vermont: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. 1647: 1457: 617: 602: 553: 479: 380: 362: 2135:
Significant Tornadoes 1680–1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events
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Storm Prediction Center: Frequently Asked Questions about Tornadoes
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The ratings for these tornadoes were done by tornado expert
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10.1175/1520-0434(2004)019<0310:OTROTP>2.0.CO;2
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Tornado injured two people and destroyed three farmhouses.
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Tornado injured four children and destroyed several homes.
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where the tornado touched down; however, all times are in
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Cook, A. R.; Schaefer, J. T. (August 2008). Written at
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Tornado injured five people and destroyed a few homes.
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on the same day, suggesting the possibility of a large
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List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
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10.1175/1520-0493(1886)14[100b:W]2.0.CO;2
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Section of With Lamps Burning discussing the cyclone
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began comprehensively verifying tornado occurrences.
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St. Cloud, Minn: St. Cloud Hospital. p. 8. 2269: 1683:"The Online Tornado FAQ (by Roger Edwards, SPC)" 287:Confirmed tornadoes – Wednesday, April 14, 1886 1674: 1326:, where the teaching sisters served as nurses. 1021:Confirmed tornadoes – Thursday, April 15, 1886 2141:: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. 1588:The Online Tornado FAQ (by Roger Edwards, SPC) 1237:At 4:20 p.m., a tornado of approximately 448:path and losses were estimated at $ 100,000. 1710: 1704: 1504: 1452: 1450: 2323:1886 natural disasters in the United States 1640:"The International Tornado Intensity Scale" 1602: 17:1886 St. Cloud–Sauk Rapids tornado outbreak 2008: 2006: 1950:"Minnesota Tornado History and Statistics" 1900: 1898: 1896: 1422:, apply other classifications such as the 1113: 22: 2189: 2155: 2096: 1956: 1807: 1750: 1668: 1632: 1565: 1447: 1414:in the U.S. since February 1, 2007, 1406:was devised under the aegis of scientist 156:On April 14–15, 1886, a destructive 2163:The Tornado: Nature's Ultimate Windstorm 2129: 1868: 1833: 1794:: American Meteorological Society: 310. 1553: 1476: 1474: 1290: 616:2 deaths – Tornado formed from the same 32:, after the F4 tornado of April 14, 1886 2003: 1973: 1893: 1680: 1644:Tornado and Storm Research Organisation 1581: 1493: 1375: 2270: 2198: 1962: 1904: 1772: 1766: 1575: 1396: 1271:, a school, and two churches. 15  207: 2228: 2069: 1887: 1614:Environment and Climate Change Canada 1584:"Enhanced F Scale for Tornado Damage" 1499: 1471: 1429: 1362: 2112: 1982: 1937: 1259:spanning the Mississippi River, the 1283:. Over 200 more were injured. 1119:The Sauk Rapids courthouse in ruins 13: 2229:Zurek, Ronald Christopher (2002). 1610:"Enhanced Fujita Scale (EF-Scale)" 14: 2339: 2255: 1456:All dates are based on the local 1345:List of Minnesota weather records 1015: 727:Tornado destroyed several barns. 281: 2104: 1758: 1464:and dates are split at midnight 1227:Most severe tornado damage; see 1100:St. Cloud–Sauk Rapids, Minnesota 1095:St. Cloud–Sauk Rapids, Minnesota 172:that tore through the cities of 146:Most severe tornado damage; see 2089:United States Army Signal Corps 2035: 1967: 1942: 1735:American Meteorological Society 1681:Edwards, Roger (5 March 2015). 1582:Edwards, Roger (5 March 2015). 1534:American Meteorological Society 1287:Impact, aftermath, and recovery 1171: 1060: 1050: 980: 942: 905: 873: 832: 791: 731: 698: 657: 624: 579: 534: 501: 452: 398: 358: 326: 316: 119:≥ 87 fatalities, ≥ 324 injuries 90: 2293:Natural disasters in Minnesota 2020:History Museum. Archived from 1526:22nd Conf. Severe Local Storms 1515:; Schaefer, Joseph T. (2004). 1210:$ 13.6 million (2024 USD) 216:and are not official ratings. 1: 2231:Sauk Rapids and Benton County 2190:Grazulis, Thomas P. (2001b). 2045:. Intellicast. Archived from 1616:. 6 June 2013. Archived from 1487: 166:St. Cloud–Sauk Rapids tornado 2173:University of Oklahoma Press 2043:"April in the Upper Midwest" 1915:Minnesota Historical Society 1440:was first installed and the 7: 2199:Welter, Ben (May 6, 2013). 1333: 1200:72 fatalities, 213 injuries 495:See section on this tornado 10: 2344: 2063: 1462:Coordinated Universal Time 1300:coverage on April 18, 1886 2298:Stearns County, Minnesota 1976:That You May Find Healing 1974:Dominik, John J. (1986). 1909:Minnesota Weather Almanac 1590:. Storm Prediction Center 1393:(F2 or stronger) tornado. 1225: 1214: 1204: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1153:Stearns County, Minnesota 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1112: 1104: 1055: 1049: 1046: 1039: 1036: 1033: 1030: 1025: 321: 315: 312: 305: 302: 299: 296: 291: 248: 245: 242: 239: 236: 233: 230: 227: 144: 130: 123: 115: 111: 107: 103: 89: 79: 75: 71: 67: 59: 49: 45: 41: 37: 21: 2288:F4 tornadoes by location 2278:Benton County, Minnesota 1905:Seeley, Mark W. (2006). 1442:National Weather Service 1355: 443:3 deaths – Long-tracked 220:Confirmed tornadoes by 2014:"Communities In Crisis" 1783:Weather and Forecasting 1691:Storm Prediction Center 1511:Schneider, Russell S.; 1372:unless otherwise noted. 1368:All losses are in 1886 1305:St. Benedict's Hospital 1006:200 yards (180 m) 972:300 yards (270 m) 866:200 yards (180 m) 825:300 yards (270 m) 613:200 yards (180 m) 564:200 yards (180 m) 527:200 yards (180 m) 490:800 yards (730 m) 440:400 yards (370 m) 2313:Tornadoes in Minnesota 2303:19th-century tornadoes 2139:St. Johnsbury, Vermont 2076:Monthly Weather Review 1722:Monthly Weather Review 1646:. 2016. Archived from 1530:Hyannis, Massachusetts 1301: 1082:5 miles (8.0 km) 1003:4 miles (6.4 km) 969:15 miles (24 km) 935:100 yards (91 m) 932:5 miles (8.0 km) 863:20 miles (32 km) 822:15 miles (24 km) 776:100 yards (91 m) 773:45 miles (72 km) 647:3 miles (4.8 km) 610:14 miles (23 km) 561:10 miles (16 km) 524:3 miles (4.8 km) 487:25 miles (40 km) 437:55 miles (89 km) 351:100 yards (91 m) 348:5 miles (8.0 km) 139:Southern United States 30:Sauk Rapids, Minnesota 2091:: 100–1. April 1886. 1992:. City of Sauk Rapids 1990:"Sauk Rapids History" 1752:10.1175/2007MWR2171.1 1412:Enhanced Fujita scale 1294: 691:50 yards (46 m) 688:7 miles (11 km) 650:70 yards (64 m) 388:9 miles (14 km) 2283:F4 tornadoes by date 2113:Hill, E. S. (2019). 1340:Climate of Minnesota 1297:St. Paul Daily Globe 1208:$ 400,000 (1886 USD) 2250:- Total pages: 128 2157:Grazulis, Thomas P. 2131:Grazulis, Thomas P. 1800:2004WtFor..19..310B 1743:2008MWRv..136.3121C 1101: 1022: 1016:April 15 event 801:Burlington Junction 783:and passed west of 288: 282:April 14 event 224: 208:Confirmed tornadoes 18: 2235:Arcadia Publishing 1408:T. Theodore Fujita 1302: 1099: 1020: 286: 219: 214:Thomas P. Grazulis 16: 2328:April 1886 events 2318:1886 in Minnesota 2251: 2182:978-0-8061-3538-0 1774:Brooks, Harold E. 1671:, pp. 251–4. 1513:Brooks, Harold E. 1387:outbreak sequence 1257:iron truss bridge 1253:Mississippi River 1235: 1234: 1219:Central Minnesota 1092: 1091: 1013: 1012: 279: 278: 154: 153: 63:April 14–15, 1886 2335: 2308:1886 meteorology 2249: 2248: 2225: 2223: 2221: 2195: 2186: 2166: 2152: 2126: 2124: 2122: 2109: 2108: 2102: 2100: 2085:Washington, D.C. 2058: 2057: 2055: 2054: 2039: 2033: 2032: 2030: 2029: 2010: 2001: 2000: 1998: 1997: 1986: 1980: 1979: 1971: 1965: 1960: 1954: 1953: 1946: 1940: 1935: 1929: 1928: 1912: 1902: 1891: 1885: 1872: 1866: 1837: 1831: 1814: 1813: 1811: 1770: 1764: 1763: 1762: 1756: 1754: 1713:Norman, Oklahoma 1708: 1702: 1701: 1699: 1697: 1678: 1672: 1666: 1660: 1659: 1657: 1655: 1636: 1630: 1629: 1627: 1625: 1606: 1600: 1599: 1597: 1595: 1579: 1573: 1563: 1557: 1551: 1545: 1544: 1542: 1540: 1523: 1508: 1502: 1497: 1481: 1478: 1469: 1468:for consistency. 1454: 1445: 1433: 1427: 1400: 1394: 1379: 1373: 1366: 1250: 1249: 1245: 1173: 1117: 1102: 1098: 1052: 1034:County / Parish 1023: 1019: 318: 300:County / Parish 289: 285: 225: 218: 164:, including the 158:tornado outbreak 92: 54:Tornado outbreak 26: 19: 15: 2343: 2342: 2338: 2337: 2336: 2334: 2333: 2332: 2268: 2267: 2258: 2245: 2219: 2217: 2192:F5-F6 Tornadoes 2183: 2149: 2120: 2118: 2103: 2066: 2061: 2052: 2050: 2041: 2040: 2036: 2027: 2025: 2012: 2011: 2004: 1995: 1993: 1988: 1987: 1983: 1972: 1968: 1961: 1957: 1948: 1947: 1943: 1936: 1932: 1925: 1903: 1894: 1886: 1875: 1867: 1840: 1832: 1817: 1771: 1767: 1757: 1709: 1705: 1695: 1693: 1679: 1675: 1667: 1663: 1653: 1651: 1650:on 5 March 2016 1638: 1637: 1633: 1623: 1621: 1620:on 3 March 2016 1608: 1607: 1603: 1593: 1591: 1580: 1576: 1564: 1560: 1552: 1548: 1538: 1536: 1521: 1509: 1505: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1485: 1484: 1479: 1472: 1455: 1448: 1434: 1430: 1401: 1397: 1380: 1376: 1367: 1363: 1358: 1336: 1289: 1247: 1243: 1242: 1221:, United States 1209: 1151: 1141: 1120: 1097: 1018: 284: 210: 182:Rice, Minnesota 81: 33: 28:Destruction in 12: 11: 5: 2341: 2331: 2330: 2325: 2320: 2315: 2310: 2305: 2300: 2295: 2290: 2285: 2280: 2266: 2265: 2257: 2256:External links 2254: 2253: 2252: 2243: 2226: 2196: 2187: 2181: 2153: 2147: 2127: 2110: 2065: 2062: 2060: 2059: 2034: 2018:Stearns County 2002: 1981: 1966: 1955: 1941: 1930: 1923: 1892: 1890:, p. 101. 1873: 1871:, p. 639. 1838: 1836:, p. 637. 1815: 1776:(April 2004). 1765: 1703: 1673: 1669:Grazulis 2001a 1661: 1631: 1601: 1574: 1566:Grazulis 2001a 1558: 1556:, p. 141. 1546: 1503: 1491: 1489: 1486: 1483: 1482: 1470: 1446: 1428: 1420:United Kingdom 1395: 1374: 1360: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1353: 1352: 1347: 1342: 1335: 1332: 1288: 1285: 1233: 1232: 1223: 1222: 1216: 1215:Areas affected 1212: 1211: 1206: 1202: 1201: 1198: 1194: 1193: 1190: 1189: 1186: 1185: 1182: 1181: 1175: 1168: 1167: 1164: 1163: 1160: 1159: 1156: 1155: 1140:April 14, 1886 1138: 1134: 1133: 1130: 1129: 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Retrieved 2206:Star Tribune 2204: 2191: 2162: 2134: 2119:. Retrieved 2080: 2074: 2051:. Retrieved 2047:the original 2037: 2026:. Retrieved 2022:the original 1994:. Retrieved 1984: 1975: 1969: 1958: 1944: 1933: 1908: 1787: 1781: 1768: 1726: 1720: 1706: 1694:. Retrieved 1686: 1676: 1664: 1652:. Retrieved 1648:the original 1643: 1634: 1622:. Retrieved 1618:the original 1613: 1604: 1592:. Retrieved 1587: 1577: 1561: 1549: 1539:17 September 1537:. Retrieved 1517: 1506: 1495: 1431: 1404:Fujita scale 1398: 1377: 1364: 1328: 1303: 1295: 1236: 1229:Fujita scale 1226: 1047:Path length 493:72 deaths – 313:Path length 211: 165: 155: 148:Fujita scale 145: 1963:Welter 2013 1696:25 February 1654:25 February 1624:25 February 1594:25 February 1424:TORRO scale 1391:significant 1316:Minneapolis 1309:Benedictine 1261:post office 1065:Island Ford 736:Lickskillet 663:Circleville 585:Little Rock 544:Park Rapids 462:Sauk Rapids 408:Coon Rapids 178:Sauk Rapids 2272:Categories 2053:2007-05-15 2028:2007-05-15 1996:2007-05-15 1888:USASC 1886 1568:, p.  1500:Zurek 2002 1488:References 1324:St. Joseph 1269:flour mill 1265:courthouse 1197:Fatalities 1142:4:20 p.m. 1070:Rutherford 915:Greenfield 797:Mound City 757:Montgomery 630:Story City 464:to SSE of 406:to NNE of 336:Richardson 135:Midwestern 116:Fatalities 2159:(2001a). 1938:Hill 2019 1458:time zone 1281:St. Cloud 1148:UTC−06:00 1085:Un­known 1031:Location 898:Un­known 895:Un­known 724:Un­known 721:Un­known 618:supercell 587:to SW of 571:(30  458:St. Cloud 391:Un­known 367:Lake Mary 363:Lake Reno 297:Location 174:St. Cloud 82:confirmed 80:Tornadoes 2220:June 23, 2215:43369847 2121:June 23, 1737:: 3135. 1383:outbreak 1334:See also 1320:St. Paul 1273:railcars 1079:23:00–? 1056:Summary 1000:04:00–? 966:03:45–? 929:03:00–? 913:to E of 892:03:00–? 878:Blodgett 860:01:45–? 842:Prescott 819:01:30–? 770:00:15–? 718:00:00–? 685:23:30–? 665:to E of 644:23:00–? 607:22:50–? 598:Morrison 575:) high. 558:22:30–? 542:to E of 521:22:30–? 484:22:20–? 434:21:00–? 404:Griswold 385:21:00–? 345:21:00–? 322:Summary 202:outbreak 194:Missouri 60:Duration 2071:"Winds" 2064:Sources 1917:press. 1796:Bibcode 1739:Bibcode 1466:CST/CDT 1246:⁄ 1180:tornado 1108:tornado 991:Kaufman 986:Terrell 838:Bedford 810:Nodaway 781:Thurman 749:Fremont 740:Strahan 704:Churdan 672:Jackson 667:Wetmore 589:Buckman 549:Hubbard 540:Hubbard 505:ESE of 471:Stearns 456:SSW of 425:Carroll 421:Guthrie 417:Audubon 376:Douglas 331:Shubert 170:tornado 162:violent 99:tornado 2241:  2213:  2179:  2169:Norman 2145:  1921:  1792:Boston 1731:Boston 1438:NEXRAD 1416:Canada 1263:, the 1205:Damage 1174:rating 1137:Formed 1053:width 1040:Time ( 1037:State 984:SW of 957:Denton 911:Orient 847:Taylor 836:NW of 785:Sidney 709:Greene 702:NW of 676:Nemaha 594:Benton 583:SW of 512:Nemaha 507:Oneida 475:Benton 319:width 306:Time ( 303:State 249:Total 196:, and 190:Kansas 180:, and 124:Damage 93:rating 2083:(4). 1790:(2). 1729:(8). 1522:(PDF) 1356:Notes 948:Rhome 946:S of 920:Adair 909:W of 883:Scott 851:Adams 795:N of 753:Mills 661:N of 635:Story 628:E of 538:E of 402:S of 198:Texas 2239:ISBN 2222:2019 2211:OCLC 2177:ISBN 2143:ISBN 2123:2019 1919:ISBN 1698:2016 1656:2016 1626:2016 1596:2016 1541:2019 1402:The 1318:and 1312:nuns 1277:Rice 1267:, a 1172:Max. 1051:Max. 953:Wise 806:Holt 466:Rice 413:Cass 372:Pope 317:Max. 186:Iowa 137:and 91:Max. 50:Type 2093:doi 1804:doi 1747:doi 1727:136 1570:131 1381:An 1370:USD 1144:CST 1061:F2 1042:UTC 981:F3 943:F3 906:F2 874:F2 840:to 833:F3 799:to 792:F4 742:to 738:to 732:F3 699:F2 658:F2 625:F2 580:F4 535:F2 502:F2 460:to 453:F4 399:F4 365:to 359:F2 327:F2 308:UTC 275:18 263:10 246:F5 243:F4 240:F3 237:F2 234:F1 231:F0 228:FU 2274:: 2237:. 2233:. 2209:. 2203:. 2175:. 2171:: 2167:. 2137:. 2087:: 2081:14 2079:. 2073:. 2016:. 2005:^ 1913:. 1895:^ 1876:^ 1841:^ 1818:^ 1802:. 1788:19 1786:. 1780:. 1745:. 1733:: 1725:. 1719:. 1715:. 1689:. 1685:. 1642:. 1612:. 1586:. 1532:: 1528:. 1524:. 1473:^ 1449:^ 1239:F4 1178:F4 1106:F4 1075:NC 1044:) 1027:F# 996:TX 962:TX 955:, 925:IA 888:MO 856:IA 849:, 815:MO 808:, 766:IA 759:, 755:, 751:, 714:IA 681:KS 674:, 640:IA 603:MN 596:, 569:ft 554:MN 517:KS 480:MN 473:, 430:IA 423:, 419:, 415:, 381:MN 374:, 341:NE 310:) 293:F# 272:0 269:4 266:4 260:? 257:? 254:? 192:, 188:, 176:, 97:F4 2247:. 2224:. 2185:. 2151:. 2125:. 2101:. 2095:: 2056:. 2031:. 1999:. 1952:. 1927:. 1812:. 1806:: 1798:: 1755:. 1749:: 1741:: 1700:. 1658:. 1628:. 1598:. 1572:. 1543:. 1426:. 1248:2 1244:1 1150:) 1146:( 573:m

Index

Black-and-white photograph highlighting wreckage and wooden boards
Sauk Rapids, Minnesota
Tornado outbreak
F4
Midwestern
Southern United States
Fujita scale
tornado outbreak
violent
tornado
St. Cloud
Sauk Rapids
Rice, Minnesota
Iowa
Kansas
Missouri
Texas
outbreak
Thomas P. Grazulis
Fujita rating
F#
UTC
Shubert
Richardson
NE
Lake Reno
Lake Mary
Pope
Douglas
MN

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