316:
933:
835:
1436:
Cowper, Spencer; Gardener, Robert; Colquhoun, James; Nicola, L.; Brocklesby, Richard; HEN TOM; Steplin, Joseph; Hondt, De; Allamond, Mons (1755), "An
Extraordinary and Surprising Agitation of the Waters, though without Any Perceptible Motion of the Earth, Having Been Observed in Various Parts of This Island, Both Maritime and Inland, on the Same Day, and Chiefly about the Time, That the More Violent Commotions of Both Earth and Waters so Extensively Affected Many Very Distant Parts of the Globe; the Following Accounts, Relating to the Former, Have Been Transmitted to the Society; in Which are Specified the Times and Places when and Where They Happened",
49:
539:
439:
2454:
2525:
728:, chief engineer to the realm, presented his plans for the re-building of Lisbon. Maia presented four options from abandoning Lisbon to building a completely new city. The first, and cheapest, plan was to rebuild the old city using recycled materials. The second and third plans proposed widening certain streets. The fourth option boldly proposed razing the entire Baixa quarter and "laying out new streets without restraint". This last option was chosen by the king and his minister.
280:
693:(1st Marquis of Pombal) survived the earthquake. When asked what was to be done, Pombal reportedly replied "bury the dead and heal the living", and set about organizing relief and rehabilitation efforts. Firefighters were sent to extinguish the raging flames, and teams of workers and ordinary citizens were ordered to remove the thousands of corpses before disease could spread. Contrary to custom and against the wishes of the Church, many corpses were loaded onto
419:
1016:, the national historical archive. Studying and cross-referencing the priests' accounts, modern scientists were able to reconstruct the event from a scientific perspective. Without the questionnaire designed by the Marquis of Pombal, that would have been impossible. Because Pombal was the first to attempt an objective scientific description of the broad causes and consequences of an earthquake, he is regarded as a forerunner of modern seismological scientists.
2652:
1110:
5936:
653:
732:
2349:
56:
299:. Contemporary reports state that the earthquake lasted from three and a half to six minutes, causing fissures 5 metres (16 ft) wide in the city center. Survivors rushed to the open space of the docks for safety and watched as the sea receded, revealing a plain of mud littered with lost cargo and shipwrecks. Approximately 40 minutes after the earthquake, a
36:
422:
421:
426:
425:
420:
427:
919:
has claimed that the earthquake's consequences extended into the vocabulary of philosophy, making the common metaphor of firm "grounding" for philosophers' arguments shaky and uncertain: "Under the impression exerted by the Lisbon earthquake, which touched the
European mind in one its more sensitive
672:
and the court had left the city, after attending Mass at sunrise, fulfilling the wish of one of the king's daughters to spend the holiday away from Lisbon. After the catastrophe, Joseph I developed a fear of living within walls, and the court was accommodated in a huge complex of tents and pavilions
950:
despised him as an upstart son of a country squire. The prime minister, in turn, disliked the old nobles, whom he considered corrupt and incapable of practical action. Before 1 November 1755, there had been a constant struggle for power and royal favour, but the competent response of the
Marquis of
908:
published three separate texts in 1756 on the Lisbon earthquake. As a younger man, fascinated with the earthquake, he collected all the information available in news pamphlets and formulated a theory of the causes of earthquakes. Kant's theory, which involved shifts in huge caverns filled with hot
825:
A 2009 study estimated that the earthquake cost between 32 and 48 per cent of
Portugal's GDP. Also, "in spite of strict controls, prices and wages remained volatile in the years after the tragedy. The recovery from the earthquake also led to a rise in the wage premium of construction workers. More
307:
river "so fast that several people riding on horseback ... were forced to gallop as fast as possible to the upper grounds for fear of being carried away." It was followed by two more waves. Candles lit in homes and churches all around the city for All Saints' Day were knocked over, starting a
554:
Economic historian Álvaro
Pereira estimated that of Lisbon's population at the time of approximately 200,000 people, 30,000–40,000 were killed. Another 10,000 may have died in Morocco. A 2009 study of contemporary reports relating to the 1 November event found them vague and difficult to separate
1435:
Robertson, John; Webb, Philip
Carteret; Adee, Swithin; Hodgson, John; Cranbrook; Pringle, John; Mills, Henry; Birch, Thomas; Thomlinson, Mr; Philips, Richard; Crusius, Lewis; Blair, John; Parker, Viscount; Huxham, John; Borlase, William; Swanzey; Arderon, William; Barber, Thomas; Harrison, John;
901:
was also influenced by the devastation following the earthquake, whose severity he believed was due to too many people living within the close quarters of the city. Rousseau used the earthquake as an argument against cities as part of his desire for a more naturalistic way of life.
424:
951:
Pombal effectively severed the power of the old aristocratic factions. However, the silent opposition and resentment of King Joseph I began to rise, which would culminate with the attempted assassination of the king in 1758 and the subsequent elimination of the powerful
497:
In 2015, it was determined that the tsunami waves may have reached the coast of Brazil, then a colony of
Portugal. Letters sent by Brazilian authorities at the time of the earthquake describe damage and destruction caused by gigantic waves.
370:
mountain range in central inland
Portugal) were visibly affected by the earthquake, the tsunami, or both. The shock waves of the earthquake destroyed part of Covilhã's castle walls and its large towers and damaged several other buildings in
1720:
398:
archipelago suffered most of their destruction from the tsunami, with the sea penetrating about 150 metres (490 ft) inland. Current and former
Portuguese towns in northern Africa were also affected by the earthquake. Places such as
2339:
501:
Although seismologists and geologists have always agreed that the epicenter was in the
Atlantic to the west of the Iberian Peninsula, its exact location has been a subject of considerable debate. Early hypotheses had proposed the
750:
In less than a year, the city was cleared of debris. Keen to have a new and perfectly ordered city, the king commissioned the construction of big squares, rectilinear, large avenues and widened streets – the new
709:
were constructed at high points around the city to deter looters; more than thirty people were publicly executed. The army prevented many able-bodied citizens from fleeing, pressing them into relief and reconstruction work.
338:, destruction was rampant. The tsunami destroyed some coastal fortresses in the Algarve and, at lower levels, it razed several houses. Almost all the coastal towns and villages of the Algarve were heavily damaged, except
1081:
is a concept album detailing the story of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake. The album is entirely sung in Portuguese and explores not only the history but also its effects on Portuguese society, culture and spirituality.
2063:. The often abstruse critic Benjamin gave a series of radio broadcasts for children in the early 1930s; this one, from 1931, discusses the Lisbon earthquake and summarizes some of its impact on European thought.
423:
2337:
1994:
809:. The earthquake had struck on an important religious holiday and had destroyed almost every important church in the city, causing anxiety and confusion amongst the citizens of a staunch and devout
6415:
841:, by João Glama Ströberle (who depicted himself standing on a pile of rubble on the lower-right corner). In the upper-left corner is an angel holding a fiery sword, personifying divine judgement.
2381:
315:
920:
epochs, the metaphor of ground and tremor completely lost their apparent innocence; they were no longer merely figures of speech" (263). Hamacher claims that the foundational certainty of
766:
protected constructions in Europe. Small wooden models were built for testing, and earthquakes were simulated by marching troops around them. Lisbon's "new" Lower Town, known today as the
2285:
Martínez-Loriente, S., Sallarès, V. & Gràcia, E. The Horseshoe Abyssal plain Thrust could be the source of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake and tsunami. Commun Earth Environ 2, 145 (2021).
2095:
Dynes, Russell Rowe. "The dialogue between Voltaire and Rousseau on the Lisbon earthquake: The emergence of a social science view." University of Delaware, Disaster Research Center, 1999.
2338:
510:
showed that a location closer to the shore of Portugal was required to comply with the observed effects of the tsunami. A 1992 seismic reflection survey of the ocean floor along the
407:, where the tsunami hit hard the coastal fortifications of both towns, in some cases going over it, and flooding the harbor area, were affected. In Spain, the tsunamis swept the
1766:
2152:. Princeton University Press, 2002. This book centers on philosophical reaction to the earthquake, arguing that the earthquake was responsible for modern conceptions of evil.
1995:
National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (1972).
943:
936:
690:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
1348:
797:
in 1780, was founded following the social disarray of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake. The purpose of the institution was to provide shelter and schooling to children in need.
2295:
656:
Executions in the aftermath of the Lisbon earthquake. At least 34 looters were hanged in the chaotic aftermath of the disaster. As a warning against looting, King
995:
Did you perceive the shock to be greater from one direction than another? Example, from north to south? Did buildings seem to fall more to one side than the other?
562:
Eighty-five percent of Lisbon's buildings were destroyed, including famous palaces and libraries, as well as most examples of Portugal's distinctive 16th-century
1801:"Geschichte und Naturbeschreibung der merkwürdigsten Vorfälle des Erdbebens, welches an dem Ende des 1755sten Jahres einen großen Theil der Erde erschüttert hat"
913:, Kant's slim early book on the earthquake "probably represents the beginnings of scientific geography in Germany. And certainly the beginnings of seismology".
1790:"Von den Ursachen der Erderschütterungen bei Gelegenheit des Unglücks, welches die westliche Länder von Europa gegen das Ende des vorigen Jahres betroffen hat"
1610:
1530:
559:. Pereira estimated the total death toll in Portugal, Spain and Morocco from the earthquake and the resulting fires and tsunami at 40,000 to 50,000 people.
1551:
5835:
1813:
Amador, Filomena (2004) "The causes of 1755 Lisbon earthquake on Kant" In: Escribano Benito, J.J.; Español González, L.; Martínez García, M.A., ed.s.
724:
The king and the prime minister immediately launched efforts to rebuild the city. On December 4, 1755, a little more than a month after the earthquake,
6422:
4732:
4722:
4712:
4707:
4692:
4677:
4662:
4647:
4632:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4457:
4429:
4424:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3621:
3616:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2928:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2860:
48:
1253:
714:
582:, was destroyed by the earthquake and tsunami. Inside, the 70,000-volume royal library as well as hundreds of works of art, including paintings by
566:
architecture. Several buildings that had suffered little earthquake damage were destroyed by the subsequent fire. The new Lisbon opera house (the "
1191:
909:
gases, though inaccurate, was one of the first systematic attempts to explain earthquakes in natural rather than supernatural terms. According to
1942:
1219:
615:
599:
2391:
1374:
813:
country. Theologians and philosophers focused and speculated on the religious cause and message, seeing the earthquake as a manifestation of
1817:(in English) Logroño, Spain: Sociedad Española de Historia de las Ciencias y de las Técnicas (Universidad de la Rioja), vol. 2, pp. 485–495.
2611:
2633:
826:
significantly, the earthquake became an opportunity to reform the economy and to reduce the economic semi-dependency vis-à-vis Britain."
2354:
775:
5655:
1239:
6349:
717:
as the new royal residence in 1760, but was later abandoned due to a lack of priority or interest in a palace being built in the
2082:. Recent scholarly essays on the earthquake and its representations in art, with a focus on Voltaire. (In English and French.)
6691:
6319:
864:
6084:
2217:
2164:
1921:
1865:
1098:
The board game Lisboa was created in 2017 by Vital Lacerda and focuses on the reconstruction of Lisbon after the earthquake.
167:
6573:
6022:
5981:
5770:
1970:
1134:
511:
153:
2196:
Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering: Proceedings of the Second International Conference, Lisbon, Portugal, 21–25 June 1999
1692:
6135:
6079:
5850:
5825:
5785:
1501:
932:
1357:
1186:
Zitellini N. et al., The tectonic source of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake and tsunami. Anali di Geofisica 1999; 42(1): 49.
611:
6375:
6153:
5668:
380:
20:
984:
The prime minister's response was not limited to the practicalities of reconstruction. He ordered a query sent to all
6408:
2235:
2203:
2128:
2110:
2079:
2060:
1838:
1388:
6875:
6835:
6799:
2442:
2387:
The 1755 Lisbon Earthquake, available seismological studies from the European Archive of Historical Earthquake Data
2238:. In German. Cited by Hamacher as a broad survey of philosophical and literary reactions to the Lisbon earthquake.
1215:
619:
112:
2170:
1614:
1413:
879:", a world closely supervised by a benevolent deity. The Lisbon disaster provided a counterexample for Voltaire.
263:. As the first earthquake studied scientifically for its effects over a large area, it led to the birth of modern
6870:
6860:
6840:
6768:
6589:
5991:
2626:
1526:
1144:
876:
602:, which housed 18,000 books, was also destroyed. The earthquake damaged several major churches in Lisbon, namely
6855:
6707:
6615:
6431:
6163:
5685:
2420:
2415:
2396:
2173:". Discussion Paper 06/03, Centre for Historical Economics and Related Research at York, York University, 2006.
1996:
1583:
Earthquakes and tsunami in November 1755 in Morocco: a different reading of contemporaneous documentary sources
1209:
1154:
1149:
607:
1807:
1800:
1789:
1346:
Viana-Baptista MA, Soares PM. Tsunami propagation along Tagus estuary (Lisbon, Portugal) preliminary results.
6865:
6037:
5996:
5961:
5648:
1587:
1582:
970:. After the 1755 Lisbon earthquake struck on All Saints' Day, there was a surge of converts to Sebastianism.
245:). Estimates place the death toll in Lisbon around 30,000–40,000. A further 10,000 may have died in Morocco.
6610:
6533:
5870:
241:
Chronologically, it was the third known large-scale earthquake to hit the city (following those of 1321 and
6344:
6187:
6125:
5911:
5906:
2641:
2184:
1660:
Kendrick writes that the remark is apocryphal and is attributed to other sources in anti-Pombal literature.
1061:
1792:
In: Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences), ed.s (1902)
6329:
6057:
5971:
5865:
5780:
5765:
1159:
1091:
834:
594:, were lost. The royal archives disappeared together with detailed historical records of explorations by
2524:
6850:
6758:
6753:
6712:
6645:
5986:
5956:
5840:
5810:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2619:
2509:
1187:
979:
447:
6671:
6845:
6773:
6717:
6563:
6553:
6548:
6491:
6450:
5976:
5916:
5890:
5860:
5855:
2373:
1771:
1044:
1029:
888:
324:
312:
which burned for hours in the city, asphyxiating people up to 30 metres (98 ft) from the blaze.
6814:
350:, the waves reached the top of the city walls. Other towns in different Portuguese regions, such as
6804:
6763:
6676:
6630:
6558:
6538:
6465:
6445:
6259:
6224:
6204:
6062:
6027:
5775:
5641:
2492:
2487:
1164:
1129:
1124:
846:
253:
6640:
1039:
A fictionalised version of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake features as a main plot element of the 2014
6809:
6778:
6748:
6686:
6568:
6543:
6512:
6486:
6455:
6287:
6234:
6209:
6115:
6074:
6067:
5880:
2105:
Gunn, A.M. "Encyclopedia of Disasters". Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2008.
1947:
1808:"Immanuel Kants fortgesetzte Betrachtung der seit einiger Zeit wahrgenommenen Erderschütterungen"
1296:
1119:
635:
487:
372:
6460:
2250:
Fonseca, Joao F. B. D. (2020), "A Reassessment of the Magnitude of the 1755 Lisbon Earthquake",
2018:
1251:
Fonseca, Joao F. B. D. (2020). "A Reassessment of the Magnitude of the 1755 Lisbon Earthquake".
1207:
634:, which were preserved to remind Lisboners of the destruction. Most of the documentation of the
627:
626:
square was consumed by fire and hundreds of patients burned to death. The tomb of national hero
6738:
6722:
6666:
6661:
6635:
6605:
6517:
6507:
6481:
6314:
6042:
5875:
5820:
5795:
2600:
2569:
631:
579:
556:
547:
268:
242:
223:
96:
1955:
6620:
6309:
6239:
6214:
6173:
6089:
6047:
6032:
5944:
5921:
5800:
2386:
2222:
Weinrich, Harald. "Literaturgeschichte eines Weltereignisses: Das Erdbeben von Lissabon." In
2143:
This Gulf of Fire: The Destruction of Lisbon, or Apocalypse in the Age of Science and Reason.
1521:
898:
740:
507:
323:
depicts the rescue of a three-year-old from under fallen masonry, under the watchful gaze of
774:), is one of the city's famed attractions. Sections of other Portuguese cities, such as the
6794:
6743:
6681:
6334:
6244:
6010:
5885:
2435:
2369:
2259:
1445:
1262:
988:
of the country regarding the earthquake and its effects. Questions included the following:
767:
744:
689:, which still stands on the site of the old tented camp. Like the king, the prime minister
669:
657:
638:
sent to Lisbon for archiving became lost after the fire that followed the 1755 earthquake.
591:
494:, several vessels were whirled round in the harbor, and water poured into the marketplace.
2539:
2406:
2401:
8:
6368:
6279:
6254:
6229:
6168:
6143:
6103:
5760:
5754:
5676:
2178:
Les tremblements de terre en France aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. La naissance d'un risque
1815:
Actas VIII Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Historia de las Ciencias y de las Técnicas
947:
893:
682:
526:
throw of more than 1 km (0.62 mi). This structure may have created the primary
394:
and many smaller settlements suffered significant damage. Almost all of the ports in the
334:
city affected by the catastrophe. Throughout the south of the country, in particular the
331:
2263:
1449:
1266:
1095:, one of the many times and places visited by the book's time-traveling protagonists.
845:
The earthquake and its aftermath strongly influenced the intelligentsia of the European
6297:
6292:
6219:
6148:
6130:
5743:
2502:
2275:
1748:
1480:
1463:
1278:
1240:
Between History and Periodicity: Printed and Hand-Written News in 18th-Century Portugal
1139:
967:
482:, on the west coast of Ireland, was also hit, resulting in partial destruction of the "
296:
248:
The earthquake accentuated political tensions in Portugal and profoundly disrupted the
207:
230:
in the Atlantic Ocean about 200 km (110 nmi; 120 mi) west-southwest of
6384:
6339:
6324:
6269:
6249:
6199:
6120:
5966:
5790:
2642:
2514:
2497:
2472:
2279:
2231:
2227:
2213:
2199:
2160:
2124:
2106:
2089:. Long Beach: Shangton Longley Press, 1994. (No apparent ISBN.) A narrative history.
2075:
2056:
1917:
1871:
1861:
1834:
1740:
1321:
1282:
587:
351:
249:
199:
2549:
1752:
921:
538:
6264:
5748:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4727:
4717:
4702:
4697:
4687:
4682:
4672:
4667:
4657:
4652:
4642:
4637:
4627:
4622:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4527:
4507:
4462:
4419:
4384:
4329:
4269:
4264:
4174:
4099:
3836:
3701:
3626:
3611:
3038:
2958:
2933:
2923:
2675:
2267:
2000:
1951:
1909:
1857:
Earthquakes in Human History : The Far-Reaching Effects of Seismic Disruptions
1732:
1453:
1270:
1223:
718:
603:
519:
438:
376:
367:
231:
203:
142:
1721:"The Opportunity of a Disaster: The Economic Impact of the 1755 Lisbon Earthquake"
1297:"Magnitude of Great Lisbon Earthquake may have been lower than previous estimates"
956:
567:
35:
6389:
6302:
6158:
6052:
2559:
2477:
2428:
2116:
2048:
1903:
1547:
1534:
1492:" in Venice and specifically states they were the same ones that destroyed Lisbon
1361:
1195:
1114:
916:
910:
814:
759:
702:
647:
347:
2450:
2171:
The Opportunity of a Disaster: The Economic Impact of the 1755 Lisbon Earthquake
238:
region, and about 290 km (160 nmi; 180 mi) southwest of Lisbon.
5830:
2585:
2482:
1651:
1086:
1053:
1013:
952:
880:
810:
806:
725:
678:
571:
503:
339:
2411:
2382:
The Lisbon earthquake of 1755: the catastrophe and its European repercussions.
1913:
1875:
1736:
6829:
5805:
2286:
2210:
The Last Day: Wrath, Ruin & Reason in The Great Lisbon Earthquake of 1755
1744:
1516:
1353:
1025:
905:
698:
595:
127:
114:
2305:
2185:
Reading the Lisbon Earthquake: Adorno, Lyotard, and the Contemporary Sublime
1556:
992:
At what time did the earthquake begin, and how long did the earthquake last?
506:, about 320 km (170 nmi; 200 mi) south-west of Lisbon, until
490:
was created when a low lying connection to the mainland was washed away. At
6400:
5845:
2595:
2092:
Chase, J. "The Great Earthquake at Lisbon (1755)". Colliers Magazine, 1920.
1458:
1074:
1069:
963:
794:
701:
beyond the mouth of the Tagus. To prevent disorder in the ruined city, the
686:
515:
483:
459:
442:
Calculated travel times (in hours) for the tsunami waves of 1 November 1755
219:
652:
5703:
5693:
2554:
2357:
was created from a revision of this article dated 30 April 2005
1937:
1936:
1208:
National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS) (1972),
1002:
805:
The earthquake had wide-ranging effects on the lives of the populace and
343:
279:
210:, at around 09:40 local time. In combination with subsequent fires and a
1971:"Assassin's Creed Rogue confirmed by Ubisoft - here's the first trailer"
1060:, and possibly coincides with a real-world earthquake recorded there in
222:
estimate the Lisbon earthquake had a magnitude of 7.7 or greater on the
5738:
5728:
2271:
1561:
1375:"'This Gulf Of Fire' Examines The Lisbon, Portugal, Earthquake In 1755"
1274:
1040:
763:
736:
463:
264:
256:
1855:
1552:"Documentos mostram que tsunami atingiu costa brasileira século XVIII"
1467:
458:. Tsunamis as tall as 20 metres (66 ft) swept along the coast of
363:
359:
5733:
5713:
5708:
2004:
1767:"Japan tsunami is small compared to five of world's biggest tsunamis"
1489:
1227:
1078:
1008:
If fire broke out, how long did it last and what damage did it cause?
715:
project proposed that a new royal palace be built in Campo de Ourique
563:
455:
451:
408:
404:
309:
227:
145:
and about 290 km (160 nmi; 180 mi) southwest of Lisbon
5633:
681:
never waned, and it was only after Joseph's death that his daughter
5935:
5718:
5698:
5664:
2651:
2646:
2150:
Evil in Modern Thought: An Alternative History of Modern Philosophy
1485:
1012:
The answers to those and other questions are still archived in the
942:
The earthquake had a major impact on politics. The prime minister,
884:
850:
786:
731:
527:
523:
475:
467:
260:
2309:
883:
wrote, "the earthquake of Lisbon sufficed to cure Voltaire of the
630:
was also lost. Visitors to Lisbon may still walk the ruins of the
412:
1049:
856:
779:
743:
pombalina" (pombaline cage), developed for the reconstruction of
706:
661:
491:
471:
446:
Shocks from the earthquake were felt throughout Europe as far as
391:
387:
355:
335:
320:
300:
288:
235:
211:
2121:
Premises: Essays on Philosophy and Literature from Kant to Celan
1831:
Premises: Essays on Philosophy and Literature from Kant to Celan
141:
About 200 km (110 nmi; 120 mi) west-southwest of
16:
Catastrophic earthquake that primarily affected Lisbon, Portugal
2590:
2564:
2544:
2458:
1052:. Notably, a similar earthquake occurs earlier in the story in
985:
623:
583:
479:
395:
284:
215:
2397:
Images and historical depictions of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake
1796:(in German) Berlin, Germany: G. Reimer. vol. 1, pp. 417–427.
5723:
1057:
966:
predicted that a terrible earthquake would destroy Lisbon on
924:' philosophy began to shake following the Lisbon earthquake.
800:
694:
674:
668:
The royal family escaped unharmed from the catastrophe: King
575:
543:
400:
304:
2068:
The Lisbon Earthquake of 1755: Representations and Reactions
1488:
himself noted feeling the shocks when he was imprisoned in "
252:. The event was widely discussed and dwelt upon by European
1504:. 14th ed., Leipzig, Berlin and Vienna 1894; Vol. 6, p. 248
450:
and in North Africa, and according to some sources even in
432:
1940:, revised by Rachel E. Cowgill (2001). "Carter, Richard".
570:"), opened seven months before, burned to the ground. The
2301:
1438:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
1033:
295:
The earthquake struck on the morning of 1 November 1755,
1638:
The Lisbon Earthquake in 1755: The First Modern Disaster
1434:
998:
How many people died and were any of them distinguished?
944:
Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal
937:
Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal
793:, "Maria the Pious"), and organized by Police Intendant
789:, a Portuguese institution founded by Maria I (known as
1999:. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information.
1611:"A Comprehensive Report of the Great Lisbon Earthquake"
1389:"Muralhas da Cidade da Covilhã | www.visitportugal.com"
1908:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 134.
875:
attacks the notion that all is for the best in this, "
303:
engulfed the harbor and downtown area, rushing up the
2402:
More images of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake and tsunami
2291:
Paice, Edward: "Wrath of God", Quercus History (2008)
2123:, pp. 261–293. Stanford University Press, 1999.
1314:
2407:
Contemporary eyewitness account of Rev. Charles Davy
2138:. Philadelphia and New York: J. B. Lippincott, 1957.
641:
470:
across the Atlantic Ocean. A three-metre (ten-foot)
5836:
United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves
2100:1755, O Terramoto de Lisboa, The Lisbon Earthquake
2157:Wrath of God: The Great Lisbon Earthquake of 1755
1635:
622:(the largest public hospital at the time) in the
6827:
2252:Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
2087:Disaster at Lisbon: The Great Earthquake of 1755
2066:Braun, Theodore E. D., and John B. Radner, eds.
1254:Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
782:, were also rebuilt along Pombaline principles.
2074:2005:02). Oxford: Voltaire Foundation, 2005.
2019:"Lisboa Deluxe Edition (Includes Upgrade Pack)"
664:to be constructed in several parts of the city.
550:, which was destroyed in the Lisbon earthquake.
677:, then on the outskirts of Lisbon. The king's
55:
6416:
5649:
2627:
2436:
2412:Tsunami Forecast Model Animation: Lisbon 1755
1853:
1759:
1085:The Lisbon earthquake is vividly depicted in
1001:Did the sea rise or fall first, and how many
557:local series of earthquakes on 18–19 November
486:" section of the city wall. In County Clare,
214:, the earthquake almost completely destroyed
6430:
1905:The Illustrated History of Natural Disasters
973:
870:
869:("Poem on the Lisbon disaster"). Voltaire's
862:
854:
600:Henrique de Meneses, 3rd Marquis of Louriçal
342:, which was protected by the sandy banks of
1901:
1860:. Princeton University Press. p. 100.
6423:
6409:
5656:
5642:
2634:
2620:
2443:
2429:
2287:https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00216-5
1650:
1603:
1414:"O terramoto de 1755 ao redor da Gardunha"
801:Effect on society, economy, and philosophy
616:Church of Nossa Senhora da Conceição Velha
598:and other early navigators. The palace of
514:detected a 50-kilometre-long (31 mi)
34:
1968:
1833:. Harvard University Press. p. 263.
1457:
946:, was the favourite of the king, but the
403:(ceded by Portugal to Spain in 1668) and
274:
2365:, and does not reflect subsequent edits.
2348:
1828:
1685:
1546:
1512:
1510:
931:
833:
730:
651:
537:
533:
437:
417:
314:
278:
206:on the morning of Saturday, 1 November,
2665:
2249:
1956:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.05031
1854:deBoer, Jelle; Sanders, Donald (2005).
1718:
1250:
1182:
1180:
6828:
1244:
6404:
5663:
5637:
5492:
4969:
4446:
3923:
3400:
2877:
2664:
2615:
2424:
1902:Kozák, Jan; Cermák, Vladimir (2010).
1714:
1712:
1507:
1019:
411:Atlantic Coast, damaging the city of
259:, and inspired major developments in
2119:. "The Quaking of Presentation." In
1997:"Significant Earthquake Information"
1969:McWhertor, Michael (5 August 2014).
1177:
739:protective wooden structure called "
291:overwhelming the ships in the harbor
2308:, 2017, retrieved: March 17, 2021 (
1525:. 1830. Vol. 1, chapter 25, p. 439
1201:
13:
2335:
2243:
1719:Pereira, Alvaro S. (1 June 2009).
1709:
1211:Significant Earthquake Information
21:Lisbon earthquake (disambiguation)
14:
6887:
2316:
1600:Pereira (2006), pp. 8–9, 33–9921.
1289:
865:Poème sur le désastre de Lisbonne
762:buildings are among the earliest
642:Relief and reconstruction efforts
5934:
5493:
4970:
4447:
3924:
3401:
2878:
2650:
2523:
2452:
2347:
1502:Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon
1216:National Geophysical Data Center
1135:Azores–Gibraltar Transform Fault
1108:
512:Azores–Gibraltar Transform Fault
154:Azores–Gibraltar Transform Fault
54:
47:
5826:History of Portugal (1777–1834)
2011:
1988:
1962:
1930:
1895:
1882:
1847:
1822:
1779:
1725:The Journal of Economic History
1672:
1663:
1644:
1629:
1594:
1575:
1540:
1495:
1473:
1428:
1406:
1145:List of earthquakes in Portugal
877:the best of all possible worlds
849:. The noted writer-philosopher
839:Allegory of the 1755 Earthquake
478:on the southern British coast.
160:
2416:Pacific Tsunami Warning Center
2180:. Seyssel: Champ Vallon, 2005.
2051:. "The Lisbon Earthquake." In
1381:
1367:
1340:
1233:
1155:List of megathrust earthquakes
1150:List of historical earthquakes
574:, which stood just beside the
283:1755 copper engraving showing
1:
2306:Institute of European History
2302:EGO – European History Online
2226:, pp. 64–76. Stuttgart:
2194:Seco e Pinto, P.S. (Editor).
2041:
1588:Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.
1048:, developed and published by
1005:did it rise above the normal?
829:
381:Fort of São Filipe de Setúbal
2297:The Lisbon Earthquake (1755)
1261:(1). GeoScienceWorld: 1–17.
620:Royal Hospital of All Saints
7:
6692:1766 Southeastern Caribbean
2191:17.1 (2004): pp. 1–18.
2102:. Argumentum, Lisbon, 2004.
1794:Kant's gesammelte Schriften
1160:List of historical tsunamis
1101:
927:
578:river in the modern square
379:. In Setúbal, parts of the
366:(which is located near the
308:fire that developed into a
10:
6892:
2392:The 1755 Lisbon Earthquake
1636:Dynes, Russell R. (2003).
1349:Science of Tsunami Hazards
1032:composed and published an
980:Parochial Memories of 1758
977:
820:
776:Vila Real de Santo António
645:
18:
6787:
6731:
6700:
6654:
6598:
6582:
6526:
6500:
6474:
6438:
6362:
6278:
6195:
6186:
6111:
6102:
6018:
6009:
5952:
5943:
5932:
5899:
5684:
5675:
5499:
5488:
4976:
4965:
4453:
4442:
3930:
3919:
3407:
3396:
2884:
2873:
2671:
2660:
2578:
2532:
2521:
2465:
2189:Yale Journal of Criticism
2159:. London: Quercus, 2008.
1914:10.1007/978-90-481-3325-3
1829:Hamacher, Werner (1996).
1772:Christian Science Monitor
1737:10.1017/S0022050709000850
1697:. J.B. Lippincott Company
1527:Online electronic edition
1024:The 18th-century English
974:Development of seismology
685:began building the royal
198:, impacted Portugal, the
180:
159:
149:
106:
91:
83:
68:
42:
33:
6432:18th-century earthquakes
6136:Exclusive Economic Zone
6023:Administrative divisions
1170:
1165:Southwest Iberian Margin
1130:1761 Portugal earthquake
1125:1755 Cape Ann earthquake
721:neighborhood of Lisbon.
555:from reports of another
330:Lisbon was not the only
6876:18th century in Morocco
6836:Earthquakes in Portugal
5851:Constitutional monarchy
2601:Transtejo & Soflusa
2055:vol. 2. Belknap, 1999.
1948:Oxford University Press
1946:. Oxford Music Online.
1377:. NPR. 2 November 2015.
1360:11 October 2008 at the
1322:"The Lisbon Earthquake"
1194:11 October 2007 at the
1120:1722 Algarve earthquake
853:used the earthquake in
636:1722 Algarve earthquake
196:Great Lisbon earthquake
6871:Earthquakes in Morocco
6861:1755 natural disasters
6841:18th-century in Lisbon
6154:Science and technology
5821:1761 Lisbon earthquake
5816:1755 Lisbon earthquake
2343:
2323:Listen to this article
2145:New York: Knopf, 2015.
1459:10.1098/rstl.1755.0059
1045:Assassin's Creed Rogue
939:
871:
863:
855:
842:
747:
665:
551:
443:
435:
327:
292:
275:Earthquake and tsunami
269:earthquake engineering
224:moment magnitude scale
192:1755 Lisbon earthquake
29:1755 Lisbon earthquake
6856:18th-century tsunamis
6574:1739 Yinchuan–Pingluo
5856:Republican Revolution
5801:Treaty of Tordesillas
5786:Portuguese golden age
5771:1383–1385 interregnum
2342:
2136:The Lisbon Earthquake
1694:The Lisbon Earthquake
1656:The Lisbon Earthquake
1522:Principles of Geology
1393:www.visitportugal.com
935:
899:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
837:
734:
655:
646:Further information:
541:
534:Casualties and damage
441:
430:
318:
282:
218:and adjoining areas.
6866:Earthquakes in Spain
6769:1786 Kangding-Luding
6350:World Heritage Sites
5886:Carnation Revolution
2374:More spoken articles
1810:, ibid. pp. 463–472.
1803:, ibid. pp. 429–461.
1533:20 July 2008 at the
1484:, Book 2, Ch. XXVI;
847:Age of Enlightenment
768:Pombaline Lower Town
745:Pombaline Lower Town
670:Joseph I of Portugal
658:Joseph I of Portugal
628:Nuno Álvares Pereira
572:Royal Ribeira Palace
431:2016 animation from
325:Our Lady of the Star
194:, also known as the
184:40,000–50,000 deaths
19:For other uses, see
6708:1770 Port-au-Prince
6616:1751 Port-au-Prince
5761:Kingdom of Portugal
5755:Manifestis Probatum
2666:12th-15th centuries
2264:2020BuSSA.110....1F
2224:Literatur für Leser
2085:Brooks, Charles B.
1669:Gunn (2008), p. 77.
1617:on 22 December 2012
1581:Blanc P.-L. (2009)
1550:(18 October 2015).
1450:1755RSPT...49..351R
1267:2020BuSSA.110....1F
1115:Portugal portal
1092:Masters of the Maze
1036:on the earthquake.
894:Negative Dialectics
683:Maria I of Portugal
612:São Vicente de Fora
608:St Paul's Cathedral
208:Feast of All Saints
124: /
30:
6713:1771 Great Yaeyama
6164:Telecommunications
5841:Liberal Revolution
5744:County of Portugal
2344:
2272:10.1785/0120190198
2208:Shrady, Nicholas.
1943:Grove Music Online
1775:. 28 October 2010.
1481:Histoire de ma vie
1416:. Jornal do Fundão
1275:10.1785/0120190198
1140:Earthquake Baroque
1073:by the Portuguese
1020:In popular culture
940:
843:
748:
666:
610:, Santa Catarina,
552:
444:
436:
328:
293:
28:
6851:1750s earthquakes
6823:
6822:
6398:
6397:
6358:
6357:
6182:
6181:
6098:
6097:
6085:Political parties
6038:Foreign relations
6005:
6004:
5967:Iberian Peninsula
5930:
5929:
5776:Treaty of Windsor
5631:
5630:
5627:
5626:
5484:
5483:
4961:
4960:
4438:
4437:
3915:
3914:
3392:
3391:
2869:
2868:
2609:
2608:
2570:Parque das Nações
2340:
2228:Kohlhammer Verlag
2218:978-0-14-311460-4
2212:, Penguin, 2008,
2176:Quenet, Grégory.
2165:978-1-84724-623-3
2053:Selected Writings
1923:978-90-481-3324-6
1867:978-0-691-23420-5
1806:Kant, I. (1756c)
1799:Kant, I. (1756b)
1788:Kant, I. (1756a)
1591:2009; 9: 725–738.
1560:(in Portuguese).
705:was deployed and
691:Sebastião de Melo
580:Praça do Comércio
428:
386:On the island of
250:Portuguese Empire
200:Iberian Peninsula
188:
187:
6883:
6846:1755 in Portugal
6590:1746 Lima–Callao
6425:
6418:
6411:
6402:
6401:
6378:
6371:
6193:
6192:
6139:
6126:Economic history
6109:
6108:
6016:
6015:
5950:
5949:
5938:
5749:Treaty of Zamora
5682:
5681:
5658:
5651:
5644:
5635:
5634:
5490:
5489:
4967:
4966:
4444:
4443:
3921:
3920:
3398:
3397:
2875:
2874:
2662:
2661:
2655:
2654:
2636:
2629:
2622:
2613:
2612:
2527:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2445:
2438:
2431:
2422:
2421:
2364:
2362:
2351:
2350:
2341:
2331:
2329:
2324:
2282:
2141:Molesky, Mark.
2117:Hamacher, Werner
2049:Benjamin, Walter
2035:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2005:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
1992:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1899:
1893:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1826:
1820:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1716:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1689:
1683:
1676:
1670:
1667:
1661:
1659:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1613:. Archived from
1607:
1601:
1598:
1592:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1548:Losekann, Marcos
1544:
1538:
1514:
1505:
1499:
1493:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1461:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1371:
1365:
1352:2006; 24(5):329
1344:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1248:
1242:
1237:
1231:
1230:
1228:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
1205:
1199:
1184:
1113:
1112:
1111:
874:
868:
860:
719:Campo de Ourique
673:in the hills of
604:Lisbon Cathedral
520:Cape St. Vincent
488:Aughinish Island
429:
377:Salamanca, Spain
375:, as well as in
368:Serra da Estrela
287:in flames and a
232:Cape St. Vincent
204:Northwest Africa
176:
174:
162:
143:Cape St. Vincent
139:
138:
136:
135:
134:
129:
125:
122:
121:
120:
117:
79:
77:
58:
57:
51:
38:
31:
27:
6891:
6890:
6886:
6885:
6884:
6882:
6881:
6880:
6826:
6825:
6824:
6819:
6783:
6759:1783 New Jersey
6727:
6696:
6650:
6611:1751 Concepción
6594:
6578:
6534:1730 Valparaíso
6522:
6496:
6470:
6434:
6429:
6399:
6394:
6381:
6374:
6367:
6354:
6330:Public holidays
6274:
6178:
6137:
6094:
6058:Law enforcement
6001:
5939:
5926:
5895:
5811:Restoration War
5671:
5662:
5632:
5623:
5495:
5480:
4972:
4957:
4449:
4434:
3926:
3911:
3403:
3388:
2880:
2865:
2667:
2656:
2649:
2640:
2610:
2605:
2574:
2528:
2519:
2461:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2378:
2377:
2366:
2360:
2358:
2355:This audio file
2352:
2345:
2336:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2319:
2294:Wilke, Jürgen,
2246:
2244:Further reading
2241:
2169:Pereira, A.S. "
2155:Paice, Edward.
2148:Neiman, Susan.
2134:Kendrick, T.D.
2098:Fonseca, J. D.
2044:
2039:
2038:
2028:
2026:
2017:
2016:
2012:
1993:
1989:
1979:
1977:
1967:
1963:
1935:
1931:
1924:
1900:
1896:
1887:
1883:
1868:
1852:
1848:
1841:
1827:
1823:
1784:
1780:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1717:
1710:
1700:
1698:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1664:
1649:
1645:
1634:
1630:
1620:
1618:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1599:
1595:
1580:
1576:
1566:
1564:
1545:
1541:
1535:Wayback Machine
1515:
1508:
1500:
1496:
1478:
1474:
1433:
1429:
1419:
1417:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1397:
1395:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1362:Wayback Machine
1345:
1341:
1331:
1329:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1305:
1303:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1249:
1245:
1238:
1234:
1206:
1202:
1196:Wayback Machine
1185:
1178:
1173:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1022:
982:
976:
968:All Saints' Day
930:
917:Werner Hamacher
911:Walter Benjamin
832:
823:
815:divine judgment
803:
772:Baixa Pombalina
703:Portuguese Army
650:
648:Pombaline style
644:
536:
418:
319:A contemporary
297:All Saints' Day
277:
168:
166:
140:
132:
130:
126:
123:
118:
115:
113:
111:
110:
100:
84:Local time
75:
73:
72:1 November 1755
69:Local date
64:
63:
62:
61:
60:
59:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6889:
6879:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6821:
6820:
6818:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6797:
6791:
6789:
6785:
6784:
6782:
6781:
6776:
6774:1787 New Spain
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6754:1783 Calabrian
6751:
6746:
6741:
6735:
6733:
6729:
6728:
6726:
6725:
6720:
6718:1773 Guatemala
6715:
6710:
6704:
6702:
6698:
6697:
6695:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6658:
6656:
6652:
6651:
6649:
6648:
6646:1759 Near East
6643:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6602:
6600:
6596:
6595:
6593:
6592:
6586:
6584:
6580:
6579:
6577:
6576:
6571:
6566:
6564:1738 Dangjiang
6561:
6556:
6554:1737 Kamchatka
6551:
6549:1733 Dongchuan
6546:
6541:
6536:
6530:
6528:
6524:
6523:
6521:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6504:
6502:
6498:
6497:
6495:
6494:
6492:1717 Guatemala
6489:
6484:
6478:
6476:
6472:
6471:
6469:
6468:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6442:
6440:
6436:
6435:
6428:
6427:
6420:
6413:
6405:
6396:
6395:
6393:
6392:
6387:
6380:
6379:
6372:
6364:
6363:
6360:
6359:
6356:
6355:
6353:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6306:
6305:
6295:
6290:
6284:
6282:
6276:
6275:
6273:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6196:
6190:
6184:
6183:
6180:
6179:
6177:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6159:Stock Exchange
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6112:
6106:
6100:
6099:
6096:
6095:
6093:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6071:
6070:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6019:
6013:
6007:
6006:
6003:
6002:
6000:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5953:
5947:
5941:
5940:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5927:
5925:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5903:
5901:
5897:
5896:
5894:
5893:
5891:Third Republic
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5861:First Republic
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5831:Peninsular War
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5690:
5688:
5679:
5673:
5672:
5661:
5660:
5653:
5646:
5638:
5629:
5628:
5625:
5624:
5622:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5500:
5497:
5496:
5486:
5485:
5482:
5481:
5479:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4977:
4974:
4973:
4963:
4962:
4959:
4958:
4956:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4454:
4451:
4450:
4440:
4439:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3917:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3394:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2871:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2658:
2657:
2639:
2638:
2631:
2624:
2616:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2586:Lisbon Airport
2582:
2580:
2579:Transportation
2576:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2536:
2534:
2533:Neighbourhoods
2530:
2529:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2462:
2448:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2425:
2419:
2418:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2367:
2353:
2346:
2334:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2317:External links
2315:
2314:
2313:
2292:
2289:
2283:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2220:
2206:
2192:
2181:
2174:
2167:
2153:
2146:
2139:
2132:
2114:
2103:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2083:
2064:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2023:eaglegames.net
2010:
1987:
1961:
1929:
1922:
1894:
1881:
1866:
1846:
1839:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1811:
1804:
1797:
1778:
1758:
1731:(2): 466–499.
1708:
1684:
1671:
1662:
1652:T. D. Kendrick
1643:
1628:
1602:
1593:
1574:
1539:
1517:Lyell, Charles
1506:
1494:
1472:
1427:
1405:
1380:
1366:
1339:
1313:
1288:
1243:
1232:
1200:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1103:
1100:
1087:Avram Davidson
1054:Port-au-Prince
1030:Richard Carter
1021:
1018:
1014:Torre do Tombo
1010:
1009:
1006:
999:
996:
993:
978:Main article:
975:
972:
953:Duke of Aveiro
929:
926:
922:René Descartes
881:Theodor Adorno
831:
828:
822:
819:
811:Roman Catholic
807:intelligentsia
802:
799:
726:Manuel da Maia
679:claustrophobia
643:
640:
535:
532:
504:Gorringe Ridge
383:were damaged.
276:
273:
186:
185:
182:
178:
177:
164:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
108:
104:
103:
98:
93:
89:
88:
85:
81:
80:
70:
66:
65:
53:
52:
46:
45:
44:
43:
40:
39:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6888:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6833:
6831:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6805:1797 Riobamba
6803:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6792:
6790:
6786:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6764:1784 Erzincan
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6736:
6734:
6730:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6705:
6703:
6699:
6693:
6690:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6677:1766 Istanbul
6675:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6659:
6657:
6653:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6631:1755 Cape Ann
6629:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6603:
6601:
6597:
6591:
6588:
6587:
6585:
6581:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6559:1737 Valdivia
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6539:1732 Montreal
6537:
6535:
6532:
6531:
6529:
6525:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6505:
6503:
6499:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6479:
6477:
6473:
6467:
6466:1709 Zhongwei
6464:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6451:1703 Apennine
6449:
6447:
6446:1700 Cascadia
6444:
6443:
6441:
6437:
6433:
6426:
6421:
6419:
6414:
6412:
6407:
6406:
6403:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6382:
6377:
6373:
6370:
6366:
6365:
6361:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6304:
6301:
6300:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6285:
6283:
6281:
6277:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6197:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6185:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6113:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6101:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6069:
6066:
6065:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6020:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6008:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5954:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5942:
5937:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5904:
5902:
5898:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5806:Iberian Union
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5781:Consolidation
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5756:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5691:
5689:
5687:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5674:
5670:
5666:
5659:
5654:
5652:
5647:
5645:
5640:
5639:
5636:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5501:
5498:
5491:
5487:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4978:
4975:
4968:
4964:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4455:
4452:
4445:
4441:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3929:
3922:
3918:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3406:
3399:
3395:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2883:
2876:
2872:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2670:
2663:
2659:
2653:
2648:
2644:
2637:
2632:
2630:
2625:
2623:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2526:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2446:
2441:
2439:
2434:
2432:
2427:
2426:
2423:
2417:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2356:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2284:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2248:
2247:
2237:
2236:3-17-087225-7
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2205:
2204:90-5809-116-3
2201:
2197:
2193:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2172:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2151:
2147:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2129:0-8047-3620-0
2126:
2122:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2111:0-313-34002-1
2108:
2104:
2101:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2080:0-7294-0857-4
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2062:
2061:0-674-94586-7
2058:
2054:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2024:
2020:
2014:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1991:
1976:
1972:
1965:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1933:
1925:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1906:
1898:
1891:
1885:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1850:
1842:
1840:9780674700734
1836:
1832:
1825:
1816:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1762:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1715:
1713:
1696:
1695:
1688:
1681:
1675:
1666:
1658:. p. 75.
1657:
1653:
1647:
1639:
1632:
1616:
1612:
1606:
1597:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1578:
1563:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1543:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1511:
1503:
1498:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1482:
1476:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1431:
1415:
1409:
1394:
1390:
1384:
1376:
1370:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1350:
1343:
1327:
1323:
1317:
1302:
1298:
1292:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1247:
1241:
1236:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1204:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1183:
1181:
1176:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1106:
1105:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1017:
1015:
1007:
1004:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
990:
989:
987:
981:
971:
969:
965:
960:
958:
957:Távora family
954:
949:
945:
938:
934:
925:
923:
918:
914:
912:
907:
906:Immanuel Kant
903:
900:
896:
895:
890:
886:
882:
878:
873:
867:
866:
859:
858:
852:
848:
840:
836:
827:
818:
816:
812:
808:
798:
796:
792:
788:
783:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
756:
754:
746:
742:
738:
735:Model of the
733:
729:
727:
722:
720:
716:
711:
708:
704:
700:
699:buried at sea
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
671:
663:
659:
654:
649:
639:
637:
633:
632:Carmo Convent
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
596:Vasco da Gama
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
568:Ópera do Tejo
565:
560:
558:
549:
548:Carmo Convent
545:
540:
531:
529:
525:
521:
518:southwest of
517:
513:
509:
505:
499:
495:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
462:, and struck
461:
457:
453:
449:
440:
434:
416:
414:
410:
406:
402:
397:
393:
389:
384:
382:
378:
374:
373:Cova da Beira
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
326:
322:
317:
313:
311:
306:
302:
298:
290:
286:
281:
272:
270:
266:
262:
258:
255:
254:Enlightenment
251:
246:
244:
239:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
220:Seismologists
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
183:
179:
175:
172:
165:
158:
155:
152:
148:
144:
137:
109:
105:
101:
94:
90:
86:
82:
71:
67:
50:
41:
37:
32:
26:
22:
6810:1797 Sumatra
6779:1787 Boricua
6749:1782 Mendoza
6687:1766 Marmara
6672:1763 Komárom
6625:
6569:1738 Vrancea
6544:1732 Irpinia
6513:1722 Algarve
6487:1716 Algiers
6456:1703 Genroku
6288:Architecture
6260:Prostitution
6225:Homelessness
6205:Demographics
6121:Central bank
6063:Human rights
6028:Constitution
5881:Overseas War
5846:Liberal Wars
5815:
5753:
5494:21st century
4971:20th century
4448:19th century
3925:18th century
3402:17th century
2879:16th century
2596:Lisbon Metro
2296:
2255:
2251:
2223:
2209:
2195:
2188:
2183:Ray, Gene. "
2177:
2156:
2149:
2142:
2135:
2120:
2099:
2086:
2071:
2067:
2052:
2027:. Retrieved
2022:
2013:
1990:
1978:. Retrieved
1974:
1964:
1941:
1932:
1904:
1897:
1892:, pp.145–146
1890:The Last Day
1889:
1884:
1856:
1849:
1830:
1824:
1814:
1793:
1781:
1770:
1761:
1728:
1724:
1699:. Retrieved
1693:
1687:
1682:pp. 152–155.
1680:The Last Day
1679:
1674:
1665:
1655:
1646:
1637:
1631:
1619:. Retrieved
1615:the original
1605:
1596:
1586:
1577:
1565:. Retrieved
1555:
1542:
1537:21 May 2009.
1520:
1497:
1479:
1475:
1441:
1440:, Series I,
1437:
1430:
1418:. Retrieved
1408:
1396:. Retrieved
1392:
1383:
1369:
1364:27 May 2009.
1347:
1342:
1330:. Retrieved
1328:. 6 May 2016
1325:
1316:
1304:. Retrieved
1301:ScienceDaily
1300:
1291:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1235:
1214:(Data Set),
1210:
1203:
1198:27 May 2009.
1097:
1090:
1084:
1075:Gothic metal
1068:
1066:
1043:
1038:
1023:
1011:
983:
964:Sebastianist
961:
941:
915:
904:
892:
844:
838:
824:
804:
795:Pina Manique
790:
784:
771:
757:
752:
749:
723:
712:
687:Ajuda Palace
667:
561:
553:
516:thrust fault
500:
496:
484:Spanish Arch
460:North Africa
445:
385:
329:
294:
257:philosophers
247:
240:
234:, a cape in
195:
191:
189:
170:
25:
6815:1799 Vendée
6739:1780 Tabriz
6723:1778 Kashan
6667:1762 Arakan
6662:1761 Lisbon
6636:1755 Meknes
6626:1755 Lisbon
6606:1751 Takada
6518:1727 Tabriz
6508:1721 Tabriz
6482:1714 Bhutan
6235:Immigration
6210:Drug policy
6116:Agriculture
5992:Earthquakes
5876:Estado Novo
5866:World War I
5796:Renaissance
5704:Lusitanians
5694:Oestriminis
2555:Bairro Alto
2258:(1): 1–17,
1980:31 December
1938:Roger Fiske
1444:: 351–398,
1326:VolcanoCafe
962:In 1752, a
948:aristocracy
861:and in his
764:seismically
755:of Lisbon.
737:seismically
508:simulations
344:Ria Formosa
226:, with its
131: /
6830:Categories
6800:1792 Unzen
6641:1756 Düren
6621:1754 Cairo
6310:Literature
6080:Parliament
6043:Government
5871:28 de Maio
5739:Al-Andalus
2488:Metro area
2370:Audio help
2361:2005-04-30
2042:References
1876:1266229674
1567:27 October
1562:Rede Globo
1557:Fantástico
1354:Online PDF
1306:1 November
1188:Online PDF
1067:The album
1041:video game
830:Philosophy
614:, and the
464:Martinique
409:Andalusian
332:Portuguese
265:seismology
181:Casualties
6795:1790 Oran
6744:1780 Java
6682:1766 Cuba
6461:1707 Hōei
6320:Monuments
6240:Languages
6215:Education
6174:Transport
6090:President
6048:Judiciary
6033:Elections
5997:Volcanoes
5962:Mountains
5945:Geography
5734:Visigoths
5714:Gallaecia
5709:Lusitania
2540:Alcântara
2304:, Mainz:
2280:213399185
1745:1471-6372
1490:The Leads
1283:213399185
1079:Moonspell
1028:composer
760:Pombaline
592:Correggio
564:Manueline
522:, with a
456:Caribbean
452:Greenland
362:and even
310:firestorm
228:epicenter
163:intensity
128:36°N 11°W
107:Epicenter
92:Magnitude
6385:Category
6335:Religion
6245:Naturism
6075:Military
6011:Politics
5922:Language
5912:Military
5900:By topic
5766:Monarchs
5719:Hispania
5699:Ophiussa
5686:Timeline
5669:articles
5665:Portugal
2647:Portugal
2503:Timeline
2478:District
2466:By topic
2372: ·
2230:, 1971.
1888:Shrady,
1753:29519289
1678:Shrady,
1621:11 March
1531:Archived
1486:Casanova
1358:Archived
1192:Archived
1102:See also
986:parishes
955:and the
928:Politics
885:theodicy
851:Voltaire
787:Casa Pia
660:ordered
528:tectonic
524:dip-slip
476:Cornwall
468:Barbados
454:and the
261:theodicy
169:MMI XI (
95:7.7–9.0
6369:Outline
6345:Symbols
6298:Cuisine
6280:Culture
6255:Poverty
6230:Housing
6188:Society
6169:Tourism
6144:Fishing
6104:Economy
5982:Regions
5972:Islands
5907:Economy
5677:History
2515:Tourism
2498:History
2473:Climate
2359: (
2330:minutes
2260:Bibcode
2029:23 July
1975:Polygon
1446:Bibcode
1263:Bibcode
1050:Ubisoft
1026:Baroque
897:361).
889:Leibniz
872:Candide
857:Candide
821:Economy
780:Algarve
707:gallows
662:gallows
546:of the
530:event.
492:Kinsale
472:tsunami
448:Finland
405:Mazagon
392:Funchal
388:Madeira
364:Covilhã
360:Setúbal
356:Cascais
352:Peniche
336:Algarve
321:ex-voto
301:tsunami
289:tsunami
236:Algarve
212:tsunami
171:Extreme
133:36; -11
76:1755-11
74: (
6390:Portal
6293:Cinema
6250:People
6220:Health
6149:Mining
6131:Energy
5987:Rivers
5957:Cities
5791:Empire
5667:
2591:Carris
2565:Chiado
2545:Alfama
2510:People
2493:Mayors
2459:Lisbon
2278:
2234:
2216:
2202:
2163:
2127:
2109:
2078:
2059:
2025:. 2021
1920:
1874:
1864:
1837:
1751:
1743:
1468:104951
1466:
1420:22 May
1398:22 May
1332:23 May
1281:
753:mottos
741:gaiola
695:barges
624:Rossio
618:. The
590:, and
588:Rubens
584:Titian
480:Galway
396:Azores
285:Lisbon
216:Lisbon
202:, and
102:(est.)
6788:1790s
6732:1780s
6701:1770s
6655:1760s
6599:1750s
6583:1740s
6527:1730s
6501:1720s
6475:1710s
6439:1700s
6376:Index
6340:Sport
6325:Music
6315:Media
6270:Women
6200:Crime
6138:(EEZ)
5977:Lakes
5917:Music
5724:Suebi
2856:1490s
2851:1480s
2846:1470s
2841:1460s
2836:1450s
2831:1440s
2826:1430s
2821:1420s
2816:1410s
2811:1400s
2806:1390s
2801:1380s
2796:1370s
2791:1360s
2786:1350s
2781:1340s
2776:1330s
2771:1320s
2766:1310s
2761:1300s
2756:1290s
2751:1280s
2746:1270s
2741:1260s
2736:1250s
2731:1240s
2726:1230s
2721:1220s
2716:1210s
2711:1200s
2706:1190s
2701:1180s
2696:1170s
2691:1160s
2686:1150s
2681:1140s
2643:Years
2560:Baixa
2550:Belém
2276:S2CID
1785:See:
1749:S2CID
1701:7 May
1464:JSTOR
1279:S2CID
1171:Notes
1077:band
1058:Haiti
1003:hands
791:A Pia
675:Ajuda
576:Tagus
544:ruins
413:Cadiz
401:Ceuta
348:Lagos
346:. In
305:Tagus
150:Fault
87:09:40
6303:Wine
6265:Time
6068:LGBT
5729:Buri
5619:2024
5614:2023
5609:2022
5604:2021
5599:2020
5594:2019
5589:2018
5584:2017
5579:2016
5574:2015
5569:2014
5564:2013
5559:2012
5554:2011
5549:2010
5544:2009
5539:2008
5534:2007
5529:2006
5524:2005
5519:2004
5514:2003
5509:2002
5504:2001
5476:2000
5471:1999
5466:1998
5461:1997
5456:1996
5451:1995
5446:1994
5441:1993
5436:1992
5431:1991
5426:1990
5421:1989
5416:1988
5411:1987
5406:1986
5401:1985
5396:1984
5391:1983
5386:1982
5381:1981
5376:1980
5371:1979
5366:1978
5361:1977
5356:1976
5351:1975
5346:1974
5341:1973
5336:1972
5331:1971
5326:1970
5321:1969
5316:1968
5311:1967
5306:1966
5301:1965
5296:1964
5291:1963
5286:1962
5281:1961
5276:1960
5271:1959
5266:1958
5261:1957
5256:1956
5251:1955
5246:1954
5241:1953
5236:1952
5231:1951
5226:1950
5221:1949
5216:1948
5211:1947
5206:1946
5201:1945
5196:1944
5191:1943
5186:1942
5181:1941
5176:1940
5171:1939
5166:1938
5161:1937
5156:1936
5151:1935
5146:1934
5141:1933
5136:1932
5131:1931
5126:1930
5121:1929
5116:1928
5111:1927
5106:1926
5101:1925
5096:1924
5091:1923
5086:1922
5081:1921
5076:1920
5071:1919
5066:1918
5061:1917
5056:1916
5051:1915
5046:1914
5041:1913
5036:1912
5031:1911
5026:1910
5021:1909
5016:1908
5011:1907
5006:1906
5001:1905
4996:1904
4991:1903
4986:1902
4981:1901
4953:1900
4948:1899
4943:1898
4938:1897
4933:1896
4928:1895
4923:1894
4918:1893
4913:1892
4908:1891
4903:1890
4898:1889
4893:1888
4888:1887
4883:1886
4878:1885
4873:1884
4868:1883
4863:1882
4858:1881
4853:1880
4848:1879
4843:1878
4838:1877
4833:1876
4828:1875
4823:1874
4818:1873
4813:1872
4808:1871
4803:1870
4798:1869
4793:1868
4788:1867
4783:1866
4778:1865
4773:1864
4768:1863
4763:1862
4758:1861
4753:1860
4748:1859
4743:1858
4738:1857
4733:1856
4728:1855
4723:1854
4718:1853
4713:1852
4708:1851
4703:1850
4698:1849
4693:1848
4688:1847
4683:1846
4678:1845
4673:1844
4668:1843
4663:1842
4658:1841
4653:1840
4648:1839
4643:1838
4638:1837
4633:1836
4628:1835
4623:1834
4618:1833
4613:1832
4608:1831
4603:1830
4598:1829
4593:1828
4588:1827
4583:1826
4578:1825
4573:1824
4568:1823
4563:1822
4558:1821
4553:1820
4548:1819
4543:1818
4538:1817
4533:1816
4528:1815
4523:1814
4518:1813
4513:1812
4508:1811
4503:1810
4498:1809
4493:1808
4488:1807
4483:1806
4478:1805
4473:1804
4468:1803
4463:1802
4458:1801
4430:1800
4425:1799
4420:1798
4415:1797
4410:1796
4405:1795
4400:1794
4395:1793
4390:1792
4385:1791
4380:1790
4375:1789
4370:1788
4365:1787
4360:1786
4355:1785
4350:1784
4345:1783
4340:1782
4335:1781
4330:1780
4325:1779
4320:1778
4315:1777
4310:1776
4305:1775
4300:1774
4295:1773
4290:1772
4285:1771
4280:1770
4275:1769
4270:1768
4265:1767
4260:1766
4255:1765
4250:1764
4245:1763
4240:1762
4235:1761
4230:1760
4225:1759
4220:1758
4215:1757
4210:1756
4205:1755
4200:1754
4195:1753
4190:1752
4185:1751
4180:1750
4175:1749
4170:1748
4165:1747
4160:1746
4155:1745
4150:1744
4145:1743
4140:1742
4135:1741
4130:1740
4125:1739
4120:1738
4115:1737
4110:1736
4105:1735
4100:1734
4095:1733
4090:1732
4085:1731
4080:1730
4075:1729
4070:1728
4065:1727
4060:1726
4055:1725
4050:1724
4045:1723
4040:1722
4035:1721
4030:1720
4025:1719
4020:1718
4015:1717
4010:1716
4005:1715
4000:1714
3995:1713
3990:1712
3985:1711
3980:1710
3975:1709
3970:1708
3965:1707
3960:1706
3955:1705
3950:1704
3945:1703
3940:1702
3935:1701
3907:1700
3902:1699
3897:1698
3892:1697
3887:1696
3882:1695
3877:1694
3872:1693
3867:1692
3862:1691
3857:1690
3852:1689
3847:1688
3842:1687
3837:1686
3832:1685
3827:1684
3822:1683
3817:1682
3812:1681
3807:1680
3802:1679
3797:1678
3792:1677
3787:1676
3782:1675
3777:1674
3772:1673
3767:1672
3762:1671
3757:1670
3752:1669
3747:1668
3742:1667
3737:1666
3732:1665
3727:1664
3722:1663
3717:1662
3712:1661
3707:1660
3702:1659
3697:1658
3692:1657
3687:1656
3682:1655
3677:1654
3672:1653
3667:1652
3662:1651
3657:1650
3652:1649
3647:1648
3642:1647
3637:1646
3632:1645
3627:1644
3622:1643
3617:1642
3612:1641
3607:1640
3602:1639
3597:1638
3592:1637
3587:1636
3582:1635
3577:1634
3572:1633
3567:1632
3562:1631
3557:1630
3552:1629
3547:1628
3542:1627
3537:1626
3532:1625
3527:1624
3522:1623
3517:1622
3512:1621
3507:1620
3502:1619
3497:1618
3492:1617
3487:1616
3482:1615
3477:1614
3472:1613
3467:1612
3462:1611
3457:1610
3452:1609
3447:1608
3442:1607
3437:1606
3432:1605
3427:1604
3422:1603
3417:1602
3412:1601
3384:1600
3379:1599
3374:1598
3369:1597
3364:1596
3359:1595
3354:1594
3349:1593
3344:1592
3339:1591
3334:1590
3329:1589
3324:1588
3319:1587
3314:1586
3309:1585
3304:1584
3299:1583
3294:1582
3289:1581
3284:1580
3279:1579
3274:1578
3269:1577
3264:1576
3259:1575
3254:1574
3249:1573
3244:1572
3239:1571
3234:1570
3229:1569
3224:1568
3219:1567
3214:1566
3209:1565
3204:1564
3199:1563
3194:1562
3189:1561
3184:1560
3179:1559
3174:1558
3169:1557
3164:1556
3159:1555
3154:1554
3149:1553
3144:1552
3139:1551
3134:1550
3129:1549
3124:1548
3119:1547
3114:1546
3109:1545
3104:1544
3099:1543
3094:1542
3089:1541
3084:1540
3079:1539
3074:1538
3069:1537
3064:1536
3059:1535
3054:1534
3049:1533
3044:1532
3039:1531
3034:1530
3029:1529
3024:1528
3019:1527
3014:1526
3009:1525
3004:1524
2999:1523
2994:1522
2989:1521
2984:1520
2979:1519
2974:1518
2969:1517
2964:1516
2959:1515
2954:1514
2949:1513
2944:1512
2939:1511
2934:1510
2929:1509
2924:1508
2919:1507
2914:1506
2909:1505
2904:1504
2899:1503
2894:1502
2889:1501
2861:1500
2676:1139
2483:Flag
2232:ISBN
2214:ISBN
2200:ISBN
2161:ISBN
2125:ISBN
2107:ISBN
2076:ISBN
2072:SVEC
2057:ISBN
2031:2022
1982:2019
1918:ISBN
1872:OCLC
1862:ISBN
1835:ISBN
1741:ISSN
1703:2014
1623:2018
1569:2015
1422:2021
1400:2021
1334:2020
1308:2021
1220:NOAA
1070:1755
1062:1751
785:The
758:The
697:and
542:The
474:hit
466:and
433:NOAA
340:Faro
267:and
243:1531
190:The
161:Max.
119:11°W
116:36°N
6053:Law
2645:in
2310:pdf
2268:doi
2256:110
2187:."
2001:doi
1952:doi
1910:doi
1733:doi
1454:doi
1271:doi
1259:110
1224:doi
1089:'s
1034:ode
891:" (
887:of
778:in
6832::
2414:–
2328:16
2312:).
2300:,
2274:,
2266:,
2254:,
2198:.
2021:.
1973:.
1950:.
1916:.
1870:.
1769:.
1747:.
1739:.
1729:69
1727:.
1723:.
1711:^
1654:.
1585:.
1554:.
1529:.
1519:.
1509:^
1462:,
1452:,
1442:49
1391:.
1356:.
1324:.
1299:.
1277:.
1269:.
1257:.
1222:,
1218:,
1190:.
1179:^
1064:.
1056:,
959:.
817:.
713:A
606:,
586:,
415:.
390:,
358:,
354:,
271:.
6424:e
6417:t
6410:v
5657:e
5650:t
5643:v
2635:e
2628:t
2621:v
2444:e
2437:t
2430:v
2376:)
2368:(
2363:)
2332:)
2325:(
2270::
2262::
2131:.
2113:.
2070:(
2033:.
2007:.
2003::
1984:.
1958:.
1954::
1926:.
1912::
1878:.
1843:.
1755:.
1735::
1705:.
1640:.
1625:.
1571:.
1456::
1448::
1424:.
1402:.
1336:.
1310:.
1285:.
1273::
1265::
1226::
770:(
173:)
99:w
97:M
78:)
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
