Jacobite rising of 1745

994: 1227: 1677: 1344: 619: 1745: 124: 5658: 1110: 937: 800: 1508: 1463: 1427: 871: 713: 1255:, an important border fortress before the 1707 Union but whose defences were now in poor condition, held by a garrison of 80 elderly veterans. However, without siege artillery the Jacobites would still have to starve it into submission, an operation for which they had neither the equipment nor time. Despite this, the castle capitulated on 15 November, after learning Wade's relief force was delayed by snow. Success reinvigorated the Jacobite cause, and when he retook the town in December, Cumberland wanted to execute those responsible. 1601: 1382: 136: 1176: 59: 928:, but were reinforced by his trusted advisors, most of whom were long-term English or Irish Catholic exiles. They differed sharply from the Scottish Protestant nationalists who formed the bulk of the Jacobite army in 1745, and opposed the Union, Catholicism and "arbitrary" rule. At the same time, Jacobite exiles failed to appreciate the extent to which English Tory support derived from policy differences with the Whigs, not Stuart loyalism. 990:, liaison between the Stuarts and their supporters in Scotland. Murray subsequently claimed to have advised against it, but that Charles was "determined to come though with a single footman." When Murray returned to Edinburgh with this news, his colleagues reiterated their opposition to a rising without substantial French backing, but Charles gambled once in Scotland, the French would have to support him. 1294: 1941:, which had recently surrendered to the French. Released after agreeing not to fight against France for the next 18 months, they were available for use elsewhere. In September, around 4,500 Dutch troops arrived in England, but they were in poor condition. By November, disease had reduced their number to 2,500, and the remainder saw no action before returning home in May 1746. 1459:. Charles held his position, expecting Cumberland to attack, but he refused to do so and unable to respond to the fire, Charles ordered his front line to charge. As they did so, boggy ground in front of the Jacobite centre forced them over to the right, where they became entangled with the right wing regiments and where movement was restricted by an enclosure wall. 1373:, crossing back into Scotland on 20 December. Cumberland's army arrived outside Carlisle on 22 December, and seven days later the garrison was forced to surrender, ending the Jacobite military presence in England. Much of the garrison came from the Manchester Regiment and several of the officers were later executed, including Francis Towneley. 1087:. Aware of the likely penalties for defeat, they felt that by arriving without French military support, Charles had failed to keep his commitments and were unconvinced by his personal qualities. Sleat and MacLeod may also have been especially vulnerable to government sanctions, due to their involvement in illegally selling tenants into 1106:, previously pardoned for participation in the 1715 and 1719 risings. O'Sullivan initially organised the Jacobite army along conventional military lines, but when Murray took over as chief of staff, he reverted to traditional Highland military structures and customs familiar to the majority of his recruits. 1702:

One example of how this influenced historical perspectives is the tendency to portray the Jacobite Army as composed largely of Gaelic-speaking Highlanders. As recently as 2013, the Culloden Visitors Centre listed Lowland regiments such as Lord Elcho's and Balmerino's Life Guards, Baggot's Hussars and

1442:

Arguments over the suitability of the ground at Culloden stem from post-war disputes between supporters of Murray and O'Sullivan, who was largely responsible for the choice, but defeat was a combination of factors. In addition to superior numbers and equipment, Cumberland's troops had been drilled in

1422:

Hawley's forces were largely intact, and resumed their advance once Cumberland arrived in Edinburgh on 30 January, while many Highlanders had gone home after Falkirk; on 1 February, the Jacobite army abandoned the siege, and retreated to Inverness. Cumberland marched up the coast, allowing his forces

1740:

using Scots vernacular for the first time. After the Rising, reconciling the Jacobite past with a Unionist present meant focusing on a shared cultural identity, made easier by the fact it did not imply sympathy for the Stuarts; Ramsay was one of those who left Edinburgh when it fell to the Jacobites

1485:

Troops that held together, like the French regulars, were far less vulnerable in retreat, but many Highlanders were cut down in the pursuit. Government casualties are estimated as 50 killed, plus 259 wounded; many Jacobite wounded remaining on the battlefield were reportedly killed afterwards, their

1898:

Summarised in a British intelligence report of 1755; "...'tis not in the interest of France that the House of Stuart should ever be restored, as it would only unite the three Kingdoms against Them; England would have no exterior to mind, and prevent any of its Descendants (the Stuarts) attempting

1711:

After 1745, the popular perception of Highlanders changed from that of "wyld, wykkd Helandmen", who were racially and culturally distinct from other Scots, to members of a noble warrior race. For a century before 1745, rural poverty drove increasing numbers to enlist in foreign armies, such as the

1450:

on 16 April, often cited as the last pitched battle on British soil, lasted less than an hour and ended in a decisive government victory. Exhausted by a night march carried out in a failed attempt to surprise Cumberland's troops, many Jacobites missed the battle, leaving fewer than 5,000 to face a

1194:

later claimed his fellow Scots were already concerned by Charles' autocratic style and fears he was overly influenced by his Irish advisors. A "Prince's Council" of 15 to 20 senior leaders was established; Charles resented it as an imposition by the Scots on their divinely appointed monarch, while

601:

and many felt they had gone too far already. The invasion route had been selected to cross areas considered strongly Jacobite in sympathy, but the promised English support failed to materialise. With several government armies marching on their position, they were outnumbered and in danger of being

1530:

and Catholic meeting houses. The brutality of these measures was partly driven by a widespread perception on both sides that another landing was imminent. Regular soldiers in French service were treated as prisoners of war and exchanged regardless of nationality, but 3,500 captured Jacobites were

1335:

While the decision has been debated ever since, contemporaries did not believe the Hanoverian regime would collapse, even had the Jacobites reached London. It was driven by lack of external support, not proximity to the capital, and its wisdom is supported by many modern historians. Lack of heavy

1608:

The Jacobite cause did not entirely disappear after 1746, but the conflicting objectives of its participants ended the movement as a serious political threat. Many Scots were disillusioned by Charles' leadership while the decline in English Jacobitism was demonstrated by the lack of support from

1498:

on 20 September; he never returned to Scotland but the collapse of his relationship with the Scots always made this unlikely. Even before Derby, he had accused Murray and others of treachery; these outbursts became more frequent due to disappointment and heavy drinking, while the Scots no longer

1312:

on 5th to discuss next steps. Despite the large crowds that turned out to see them on the march south, only Manchester provided a significant number of recruits; Preston, a Jacobite stronghold in 1715, supplied three. Murray argued they had gone as far as possible and now risked being cut off by

1202:

to help defend it against the "English armies" they expected to be sent against them. Charles argued an invasion of England was critical for attracting French support, and ensuring an independent Scotland by removing the Hanoverians. He was supported by the Irish exiles, for whom a Stuart on the

1995:

In his Diary, Lord Elcho later wrote that "...the majority of the Council was not in favour of a march to England and urged that they should remain in Scotland to watch events and defend their own land. This was also the opinion in secret of the Marquis d'Éguilles; but the wishes of the Prince

819:

in 1745, Stuart loyalism being the least important. These divisions became increasingly apparent during the Rising, exacerbated because Charles himself was largely ignorant of the kingdoms he hoped to regain. In addition, many of his senior advisors were Irish exiles, who wanted an autonomous,

1365:

The retreat badly damaged the relationship between Charles and the Scots, both sides viewing the other with suspicion and hostility. Elcho later wrote that Murray believed they could have continued the war in Scotland "for several years", forcing the Crown to agree to terms as its troops were

723:

At the same time, by the late 1730s French statesmen had come to see British commercial strength as a threat to the European balance of power, and the exiled Stuarts a potential option for weakening it. However, financing a low-level insurgency was far more cost-effective than an expensive

1698:

claimed "...the accepted idea of the Forty-Five in the minds of most people is a hazy and picturesque combination of a picnic and a crusade ... in cold reality, Charles was unwanted and unwelcomed." Modern commentators argue the focus on "Bonnie Prince Charlie" obscures the fact that many

1313:

superior forces, with Cumberland advancing north from London, and Wade moving south from Newcastle. Charles admitted he had not heard from the English Jacobites since leaving France; this meant he lied when claiming otherwise and his relationship with the Scots was irretrievably damaged.

1493:

Lord Elcho later claimed to have told Charles he should "put himself at the head of the men that remained to him, and live and die with them," but he was determined to leave for France. After evading capture in the Western Highlands, Charles was picked up by a French ship commanded by

1128:, the government commander in Scotland, were untrained recruits, and while he lacked information on Jacobite intentions, they were well-informed on his, as Murray had been one of his advisors. Forbes instead relied on his relationships to keep people loyal; he failed with Lochiel and 1481:

fired into their flank from behind the wall. Unable to return fire, the Highlanders broke and fell back in confusion; the north-eastern regiments and Irish and Scots regulars in the second line retired in good order, allowing Charles and his personal retinue to escape northwards.

890:, head of the Jacobite White Rose society. He met with Stuart agents several times between 1740 and 1744 and promised support "if the Prince brought a French army"; in the end, he spent the Rebellion in London, with participation by the Welsh gentry limited to two lawyers, 728:

were an ideal location for launching such an attempt, while the feudal nature of clan society made it relatively easy to raise troops. However, even Jacobite sympathisers were reluctant to support an uprising they recognised could be devastating for the local populace.

1423:

to be resupplied by sea, and entered Aberdeen on 27 February; both sides halted operations until the weather improved. When Cumberland left Aberdeen on 8 April, the Jacobites were short of food and money, and the leadership agreed giving battle was their best option.

850:

Most English Jacobite sympathisers were Tories who resented their exclusion from power since 1714, and viewed Hanover as a liability which involved them in expensive Continental wars of minimal benefit to Britain. These sentiments were particularly strong in the

1454:

Fighting began with an artillery exchange: that of the government was vastly superior in training and coordination, particularly as James Grant, an officer in the Irish Brigade who served as head of the Jacobite artillery, was absent, having been wounded at the

1203:

British throne was the only way to achieve an autonomous, Catholic Ireland. Charles also claimed he was in contact with English supporters, who were simply waiting for their arrival, while d'Éguilles assured the council a French landing in England was imminent.

1164:, was recalled to London, along with 12,000 troops. To consolidate his support in Scotland, Charles published two "Declarations" on 9 and 10 October: the first dissolved the "pretended Union," the second rejected the Act of Settlement. He also instructed the 1624:

In June 1747, D'Éguilles produced a report on the Rising that was critical of the Jacobite leadership in general, while his opinion of Charles was so negative that he concluded France might be better served by supporting a Scottish Republic. Soon after this,

1366:

desperately needed for the war on the Continent. This seems unlikely since despite their victories in Flanders, in early 1746 Finance Minister Machault warned Louis that the British naval blockade had reduced the French economy to a "catastrophic state."

975:'s squadron left Brest on 26 January 1744, the Royal Navy refused to follow. French naval operations against Britain often took place in the winter, when poor weather made it harder to enforce a blockade. Unfortunately, this worked both ways, and as in 905:, those who refused to swear allegiance to the Hanoverian regime. By 1745, Non-Jurists had largely disappeared in England, but continued to be a significant element in Scotland; many of those who participated in the Rising came from Non-Jurist 1720:

in August 1688. Foreign service was banned in 1745 and recruitment into the British Army accelerated as deliberate policy. Victorian imperial administrators accentuated this by recruiting from the so-called "martial races," with Highlanders,

1588:

made the first comprehensive survey of the Highlands. Additional measures were taken to weaken the traditional clan system, which even before 1745 had been under severe stress due to changing economic conditions. The most significant was the

4844:

The Forfeited Estates Papers, 1745: a study of the work of the Commissioners for the Forfeited Annexed Estates, 1755–1784, with particular reference to their contribution to the development of communications in Scotland in the eighteenth

1811:

is an Englishman who fights for the Stuarts, rescues a Hanoverian Colonel and finally rejects a romantic Highland beauty for the daughter of a Lowland aristocrat. Scott's reconciliation of Unionism and the '45 allowed Cumberland's nephew

1699:

participants in the Rising did so because they opposed the Union, not the Hanoverians. As a result, this nationalist aspect makes it part of an ongoing political idea, rather than the last act of a doomed Highland cause and culture.

1633:; Charles viewed this as tacit acceptance that the Stuart cause was finished and never forgave him. For both leaders, the Rebellion was to be the highlight of their careers. Charles was forcibly deported from France after the 1748 1362:, while Dunkirk was a major privateer base and always busy. Threatening an invasion was a far more cost-effective means of consuming British resources than actually doing so and these plans were formally cancelled in January 1746. 913:, whose loss of political control was not matched by perceived economic benefit. This was particularly marked in Edinburgh, former location of the Scottish Parliament, and among Highland chiefs, many of whom were heavily in debt. 1531:

indicted for treason. Of these, 120 were executed, primarily deserters from government forces and members of the Manchester Regiment. Some 650 died awaiting trial, 900 were pardoned and the rest transported to the colonies.

979:, the invasion force was wrecked by storms. Several French ships were sunk and many others severely damaged, Roquefeuil himself being among the casualties. In March, Louis cancelled the invasion and declared war on Britain. 1443:

countering the Highland charge, which relied on speed and ferocity to break the enemy lines. When successful it resulted in quick victories like Prestonpans and Falkirk, but if it failed, they could not hold their ground.

1102:, witnessed by what O'Sullivan estimated as around 700 Highlanders. This small Jacobite force used the new government-built roads to reach Perth on 4 September, where they were joined by more sympathisers. They included 1151:

itself remained in government hands; James was proclaimed King of Scotland the next day and Charles his Regent. On 21 September, the Jacobites intercepted and scattered Cope's army in less than 20 minutes at the

952:, agreed to co-operate against Britain, including an invasion to restore the Stuarts. In November 1743, Louis advised James this was planned for February 1744 and began assembling 12,000 troops and transports at 1773:

cycle which was a best-seller throughout Europe. The claim that it was a translation from the original Gaelic has been disputed ever since but the post-1746 sense of a culture under threat led to an upsurge in

2023:

In his novels, Scott provided a highly romanticised view of both English and Scottish history, which one contemporary described as "crude, uncertain and often false", but which still inform modern perspectives

855:, although diplomats observed opposition to foreign entanglements was true "only so long as English commerce does not suffer." However, even this group was far more concerned to ensure the primacy of the 748:, contrary to an understanding their service was restricted to Scotland, causing a short-lived mutiny. However, mutinies over pay and conditions were not unusual and the worst riots in 1725 took place in 1707:

Perthshire Horse as "Highland Horse." Although a significant proportion were Highlanders, the army included many Lowland units, limited numbers of English, and several hundred French and Irish regulars.

1580:

Once north of Edinburgh or inland from ports like Aberdeen, the movement of government troops was hampered by lack of roads or accurate maps of the Highlands. To remedy this, new forts were built, the

1392:

The invasion itself had little strategic effect, but reaching Derby and returning was a considerable military achievement. Morale was high, while reinforcements from Aberdeenshire and Banffshire under

831:

Such concessions were firmly opposed by Protestants who were the overwhelming majority in England, Wales and Scotland, while estimates of English support in particular confused indifference to the

1206:

Despite their doubts, the Council agreed to the invasion, on condition the promised English and French support was forthcoming. Previous Scottish incursions into England had crossed the border at

847:, unofficial head of the English Catholic community. Sentenced to death in 1716, he was reprieved and remained in London during the 1745 rebellion, visiting George II to confirm his loyalty. 5693: 1354:

The British government was concerned by reports of an invasion fleet being prepared at Dunkirk but it is unclear how serious these plans were. Over the winter of 1745 to 1746, Maréchal

1198:

These internal tensions were highlighted by the meetings held on 30 and 31 October to discuss strategy. Most of the Scots wanted to consolidate their position and revive the pre-1707

1095:

committed himself only after Charles provided "security for the full value of his estate should the rising prove abortive," while MacLeod and Sleat helped him escape after Culloden.

1736:

Before 1707, Scots writers were part of a wider and often uniform European literary culture. The creation of a uniquely Scottish style began as a reaction to Union, with poets like

1490:. On 20 April, Charles ordered them to disperse, arguing French assistance was required to continue the fight and they should return home until he returned with additional support. 1340:, who was with Cumberland's army, listed five possible options for the Jacobites, of which retreating to Scotland was by far the best for them, and the worst for the government. 1282:. At previous Council meetings, many Scottish members argued for withdrawal. They agreed to continue only after Charles assured them Sir Watkin Williams Wynn would meet them at 986:

had proposed a landing in Scotland, which had been rejected by the French, and James himself. Seeking to revive this plan, in August Charles travelled to Paris where he met Sir

3846:

Corp, Edward (2014). "The Scottish Jacobite Community at Saint-Germain after the Departure of the Stuart Court". In Macinnes, Allan I.; German, Kieran; Graham, Lesley (eds.).

3766: 238: 5158: 1561:

The government limited confiscations of Jacobite property, since the experience of doing so after 1715 and 1719 showed the cost often exceeded the sales price. Under the

1473:

This increased the distance to the government lines and slowed the momentum of the charge, lengthening their exposure to the government artillery, which now switched to

1716:, but while many Highlanders had military experience, the military aspects of clanship had been in decline for many years, the last significant inter-clan battle being 1187: 1546:

were beheaded in April 1747, but public opinion was against further trials and the remaining prisoners were pardoned under the Act of Indemnity 1747. They included

1486:

losses being 1,200 to 1,500 dead and 500 prisoners. Several thousand armed Jacobites remained at large, and over the next two days, an estimated 1,500 assembled at

1336:

weapons or equipment allowed the small Jacobite army to out-march their opponents, but made a set-piece battle extremely hazardous. In a letter of 30 November, the

602:

cut off. The decision to retreat was supported by the vast majority, but caused an irretrievable split between Charles and his Scots supporters. Despite victory at

3605: 1214:

and the North-West of England, areas strongly Jacobite in 1715. The last elements of the Jacobite army left Edinburgh on 4 November and government forces under

440: 1648:

Charles continued his attempts to reignite the cause, including making a secret visit to London in 1750, when he met supporters and briefly converted to the

1617:. Irish Jacobite societies increasingly reflected opposition to the existing order rather than affection for the Stuarts and were eventually absorbed by the 1399:

The Jacobite army now shifted to a more conventional form of warfare, for which they were arguably less well suited. Many troops were occupied suppressing a

1558:, responsible for recruiting the Cameron regiment in 1745, was allegedly betrayed by his own clansmen on returning to Scotland and executed on 7 June 1753. 5702: 4738: 4630: 4071: 697:

both failed, the latter so badly its planners concluded that it might "ruin the King's Interest and faithful subjects in these parts". Senior exiles like

1668:

refused to recognise him as Charles III after their father died in 1766. He died of a stroke in Rome in January 1788, a disappointed and embittered man.

677:, the primary source of support for the exiled Stuarts, died in 1715 and his successors needed peace with Britain in order to rebuild their economy. The 4295: 5034: 4472:

Mearns, Alasdair B. (2007). "Catriona Nic Fhearghais (Christiana Fergusson)". In Ewan, Elizabeth; Pipes, Rose; Rendall, Jane; Reynolds, Siân (eds.).

231: 3783: 1908:

Scots made up less than five per cent of the Jacobite court in 1696 and 1709: by far the largest element were English, followed by Irish and French.

5688: 709:

helped maintain public interest in the Stuarts, but by 1737, James was "living tranquilly in Rome, having abandoned all hope of a restoration."

784: 5815: 1765:

but others avoided recent divisions within Scottish society by looking back to a far more distant and largely mythical past. These included

5843: 224: 5738: 5036:

Letter from Prince Charles Edward Stuart to the Scottish Chiefs, justifying his reasons for leaving Scotland after the Battle of Culloden

1590: 1133: 783:, chief minister since 1723, viewed the Jacobites as unreliable fantasists, an opinion shared by most French ministers. An exception was 574:

in September. At a council in October, the Scots agreed to invade England after Charles assured them of substantial support from English

1332:. While less than 200 in total, Drummond allegedly claimed another 10,000 were preparing to follow, "greatly influencing" the decision. 689:

pension, making him even less attractive to the Protestants who formed the vast majority of his British support. Jacobite rebellions in

1704: 1226: 972: 433: 4566: 610:

in April ended the rebellion. Charles escaped to France, but was unable to win support for another attempt, and died in Rome in 1788.

5643: 5638: 5633: 5467: 4040:

Gold, John R; Gold, Margaret M (2007). "'The Graves of the Gallant Highlanders': Memory, Interpretation and Narratives of Culloden".

1653: 1186:

Jacobite morale was further boosted in mid-October when the French landed supplies of money and weapons, together with an envoy, the

993: 509: 499: 479: 1823:

Replacing a complex and divisive historical past with a simplified but shared cultural tradition led to the Victorian inventions of

5527: 4695: 3758: 3642:

The Albemarle papers; being the correspondence of William Anne, second earl of Albemarle, commander-in-chief in Scotland, 1746–1747

1741:

in 1745. However, the study of Scottish history itself was largely ignored by schools and universities until the mid-20th century.

724:

restoration, especially since the Stuarts were unlikely to be any more pro-French than the Hanoverians. The remote and undeveloped

1029:

an elderly 64-gun warship captured from the British in 1704, which carried the weapons and 100 volunteers from the French Army's

698: 5887: 5748: 4013: 3802: 1782:, generally credited as author of the first secular works in Gaelic in the early 1740s, was followed by Gaelic poets including 1657: 1539: 859:, which meant defending it from Charles and his Catholic advisors, the Scots Presbyterians who formed the bulk of his army, or 297: 1577:

in 1755. Under the 1784 Disannexing Act, their heirs were allowed to buy them back, in return for a total payment of £65,000.

1308:

When they reached Derby on 4 December, there was no sign of any reinforcements or French landing, and the Council convened at

5850: 5537: 5452: 4118:

History of the 42nd Royal Highlanders: The Black Watch, Now The First Battalion The Black Watch (Royal Highlanders) 1729–1893

3677: 887: 804: 776: 678: 426: 5195: 1967: 1535: 1337: 1088: 64: 1597:

outlawed Highland dress unless worn in military service, although its impact is debated and the law was repealed in 1782.

779:

asked for French help in restoring James to the British throne. While war with Britain was clearly only a matter of time,

660:

excluded Catholics from the succession, when Anne became queen in 1702, her heir was the distantly related but Protestant

1676: 1573:, of which 41 were confiscated. As happened previously, most were either purchased or claimed by creditors, with 13 made 1231: 332: 4260:(April 1997). "'The Strange Death of Scottish History' Revisited: Constructions of the Past in Scotland, c. 1790–1914". 719:, chief minister of France 1723 to 1743; he viewed the Jacobites as an ineffective weapon for dealing with British power 5820: 5587: 5128: 5100: 5056: 5023: 5004: 4957: 4880: 4831: 4812: 4793: 4774: 4726: 4707: 4664: 4618: 4547: 4512: 4481: 4414: 4361: 4342: 4323: 4186: 4164: 4145: 4126: 4105: 4002: 3983: 3955: 3913: 3891: 3855: 3836: 3814: 3747: 3721: 3630: 1817: 1404: 1347: 1157: 844: 155: 4628:

Pittock, Murray (2004). "Charles Edward Stuart; styled Charles; known as the Young Pretender, Bonnie Prince Charlie".

5597: 5522: 3597: 1951: 292: 282: 206: 5872: 5377: 1779: 1634: 1477:. Despite heavy losses, the Highlanders crashed into Cumberland's left, which gave ground but did not break, while 1317: 1141: 1125: 768: 474: 317: 267: 201: 160: 5795: 5617: 1813: 1408: 1084: 392: 312: 4215: 5882: 5877: 5758: 5572: 5542: 5225: 4205: 1581: 1267: 760: 648:, who ruled as joint monarchs of England, Ireland and Scotland. Neither Mary, who died in 1694, nor her sister 540: 277: 17: 4950:

Highland Motives in the Jacobite Rising of 1745–46: 'Forcing Out,' Traditional Documentation and Gaelic Poetry

1343: 5800: 5753: 5517: 5482: 5477: 5462: 4286: 1570: 1543: 1511: 1129: 860: 1526:

After Culloden, government forces spent several weeks searching for rebels, confiscating cattle and burning

618: 5743: 5577: 5298: 5066:

Szechi, Daniel; Sankey, Margaret (2001). "Elite Culture and the Decline of Scottish Jacobitism 1716–1745".

1971: 1963: 1687: 1555: 1179: 1121: 1113: 1103: 1046: 909:

congregations. However, the most powerful single driver for Scottish support in 1745 was opposition to the

649: 196: 191: 175: 4911:

Stephen, Jeffrey (January 2010). "Scottish Nationalism and Stuart Unionism: The Edinburgh Council, 1745".

1411:, one of the most powerful forts in Scotland. On 17 January, the Jacobites dispersed a relief force under 1016:

in April encouraged the French authorities to provide him with two transport ships. These were the 16-gun

824:. His grandfather James II had promised these concessions in return for Irish support in the 1689 to 1691 5836: 5780: 5286: 4237: 1983: 971:

James remained in Rome while Charles made his way in secret to join the invasion force, but when Admiral

622: 536: 3649: 5723: 5318: 5242: 1955: 1775: 1618: 1124:, forwarded confirmation of the landing to London on 9 August. Many of the 3,000 soldiers available to 852: 807:(1692–1749); his sky-blue waistcoat was a Jacobite symbol: seen here not wearing his sky-blue waistcoat 302: 780: 716: 5825: 5810: 5607: 5582: 5532: 5492: 5362: 5313: 4522: 1495: 1266:

on 28th. Here they received the first notable intake of English recruits, which were formed into the

1092: 1049:, an Irish exile and former French officer who acted as chief of staff. The two vessels left for the 983: 906: 825: 752:, a town Charles noted in 1746 as one "where I have no friends and who are not at pains to hide it." 668: 532: 469: 377: 327: 4987: 4427:(October 1980). "An Eighteenth-Century Scots Republic? An Unlikely Project from Absolutist France". 916:

In summary, Charles wanted to reclaim the throne of a united Great Britain and rule on the basis of

5728: 5487: 5427: 5188: 4764: 4582: 4537: 4373:

Military Recruiting in the Scottish Highlands 1739–1815: the Political, Social and Economic Context

1959: 1869: 1860: 1744: 1661: 1594: 1551: 1191: 987: 128: 123: 1574: 1434:; boggy ground in front of the Jacobite centre forced them to the right; Ballimore's battalion of 1396:

along with Scottish and Irish regulars in French service brought Jacobite strength to over 8,000.

543:, when the bulk of the British Army was fighting in mainland Europe, and proved to be the last in 5805: 5507: 5442: 5397: 5382: 5352: 4842: 4526: 1934: 1917:

Should the invasion fail, it was also a convenient spot to assemble troops for a campaign in the

1787: 1478: 1435: 1393: 1279: 1080: 976: 898: 891: 864: 694: 690: 556: 552: 548: 489: 484: 464: 397: 382: 1109: 582:

entered England in early November, but neither of these assurances proved accurate. On reaching

5830: 5602: 5417: 5303: 5272: 1416: 1329: 1325: 1199: 1116:, senior government legal officer in Scotland, tirelessly organised opposition to the Jacobites 1030: 1021: 863:

in general; many "Jacobite" demonstrations in Wales stemmed from hostility to the 18th century

821: 756: 657: 645: 603: 307: 5790: 5785: 5592: 5552: 5497: 5392: 5372: 5291: 5138:

Oates, Jonathan (2007). "Dutch Forces in Eighteenth-Century Britain; A British Perspective".

4591:

Memorials of John Murray of Broughton: Sometime Secretary to Prince Charles Edward, 1740–1747

3687: 1979: 1733:

being grouped together as those who were arbitrarily identified as sharing military virtues.

1630: 1626: 1456: 1370: 1301: 1153: 917: 741: 706: 702: 571: 528: 367: 352: 342: 287: 272: 186: 31: 5016:

Episcopalianism in Nineteenth-Century Scotland: Religious Responses to a Modernizing Society

4558: 30:"The Forty-Five" redirects here. For the bodyguard of Henry III and Henry IV of France, see 5547: 5332: 5328: 3923: 1975: 1918: 1836: 1783: 1717: 1182:; while competent, poor relationships with Charles and O'Sullivan reduced his effectiveness 1042: 799: 653: 579: 4593:. T. and A. Constable at the Edinburgh University Press for the Scottish History Society. 3930:. T. and A. Constable at the Edinburgh University Press for the Scottish History Society. 3696:. T. and A. Constable at the Edinburgh University Press for the Scottish History Society. 1839:

and Bonnie Prince Charlie. These continue to shape modern perspectives on the Scots past.

968:

made ostentatious preparations for putting to sea, in hopes of luring away their patrols.

8: 5772: 5412: 5407: 5281: 5267: 5262: 5237: 5220: 5181: 4586: 4116: 3709: 3691: 1737: 1682: 1259: 1248: 1169: 936: 925: 840: 674: 637: 630: 594: 387: 262: 4997:

Martial Races: The Military, Race and Masculinity in British Imperial Culture, 1857–1914

1388:; the Jacobites spent two months unsuccessfully besieging the strongest fort in Scotland 1278:

officer, whose elder brother Richard had narrowly escaped execution for his part in the

5707: 5698: 5657: 5612: 5457: 5432: 5367: 5276: 5247: 5232: 5079: 4975: 4963: 4936: 4928: 4899: 4868: 4683: 4460: 4436: 4273: 4057: 1447: 1431: 1207: 1013: 910: 832: 788: 725: 701:

accepted pardons and returned home or took employment elsewhere. The birth of his sons

641: 607: 567: 372: 362: 1664:, but the latter dismissed him as incapable through drink. Despite Charles's urgings, 1507: 5472: 5422: 5402: 5387: 5308: 5124: 5096: 5052: 5019: 5000: 4953: 4940: 4876: 4827: 4808: 4789: 4770: 4722: 4703: 4660: 4614: 4594: 4543: 4533: 4508: 4477: 4410: 4393: 4376: 4357: 4338: 4319: 4222: 4201: 4182: 4174: 4160: 4141: 4122: 4101: 4061: 3998: 3979: 3951: 3943: 3931: 3909: 3887: 3870: 3851: 3832: 3810: 3743: 3736: 3717: 3697: 3673: 3626: 1665: 1400: 1275: 1211: 949: 921: 856: 664: 357: 347: 5343: 5257: 5071: 4920: 4849: 4743: 4635: 4265: 4076: 4049: 1802: 1766: 1754: 1649: 1562: 1527: 1487: 1466: 1271: 1243:

Murray divided the army into two columns to conceal their destination from General

1148: 1098:

On 19 August, the rebellion was launched with the raising of the Royal Standard at

945: 902: 828:, and only a Stuart on the throne of Great Britain could ensure their fulfillment. 544: 450: 50: 5166:, BBC Radio 4 discussion with Murray Pittock, Stana Nenadic & Allan Macinnes ( 4755: 4647: 4088: 870: 3623:

No Quarter Given: The Muster Roll of Prince Charles Edward Stuart's Army, 1745–46

1547: 1515: 1385: 1355: 1321: 1236: 1054: 998: 407: 4747: 1419:, but insufficient heavy artillery meant the siege itself made little progress. 878:

in Edinburgh reflected opposition to the loss of political power following Union

5733: 4606: 4080: 3738:

Crowded with Genius: The Scottish Enlightenment: Edinburgh's Moment of the Mind

1930: 1828: 1610: 1600: 1215: 875: 836: 764: 737: 733: 712: 494: 4948:

Stewart, James A. Jr. (2001). "Proceedings of the Harvard Celtic Colloquium".

4639: 3906:

Clanship to Crofters' War: The Social Transformation of the Scottish Highlands

1426: 1358:

was assembling troops in Northern France in preparation for an offensive into

5866: 5215: 5044: 4903: 4598: 4397: 4269: 3935: 3928:

The Jacobite Attempt of 1719: Letters of James Butler, second Duke of Ormonde

3874: 1824: 1794: 1713: 1695: 1614: 1050: 1038: 965: 815:

identifies seven different ideological drivers behind continuing support for

772: 667:. Sophia died in June 1714, two months before Anne, and her son succeeded as 322: 5163: 5075: 4380: 4053: 1316:

The Council voted overwhelmingly to retreat, especially after learning from

839:

tried to bind English Catholics closer to the regime by refusing to enforce

4448: 4424: 3824: 3731: 3701: 1798: 1762: 1642: 1412: 1309: 957: 883: 812: 402: 337: 165: 69: 4288:

From Jacobitism to the SNP: the Crown, the Union and the Scottish Question

3948:

The '45: Bonnie Prince Charlie and the Untold Story of the Jacobite Rising

1462: 578:

and a simultaneous French landing in Southern England. On that basis, the

216: 3884:

The Wandering Army; The Campaigns that transformed the British way of war

1749: 1585: 1244: 1064:

After a four-hour battle, both were forced to return to port; losing the

940:

Charles Edward Stuart as European royalty, painted at Holyrood, late 1745

170: 58: 4967: 4932: 4687: 4559:"Historical Account of His Majesty's Visit to Scotland, Edinburgh, 1822" 4464: 4440: 4277: 775:, who then excluded their partners from government. Furious Tories like 5252: 5204: 5083: 4766:

The Jacobite Wars: Scotland and the Military Campaigns of 1715 and 1745

4500: 4257: 4138:

The Emergence of Britain's Global Naval Supremacy: The War of 1739–1748

3901: 1638: 1381: 1263: 1137: 1099: 961: 816: 598: 575: 563: 140: 4853: 4786:

Culloden; Scotland's Last Battle and the Forging of the British Empire

1835:

and the adoption by a largely Protestant nation of the Catholic icons

1786:, who participated in the Rising as part of a government militia, and 1938: 1566: 1554:, Lord Murray and Lochiel were excluded from this and died in exile; 1519: 1474: 1251:, and entered England on 8 November unopposed. On 10th, they reached 1175: 1017: 661: 625:, the 'Old Pretender,' or 'Chevalier de St George' portrait from 1748 3693:

Origins of the 'Forty-Five, and Other Papers Relating to That Rising

732:

Opposition to taxes levied by the London government led to the 1725

5683: 4924: 1359: 1252: 1161: 1079:

Many of those contacted advised him to return to France, including

745: 634: 590: 418: 92: 4890:

Sroka, Kenneth M. (1980). "Education in Walter Scott's Waverley".

3310: 1593:, which ended the feudal power of chiefs over their clansmen. The 4824:

Britain and Colonial Maritime War in the Early Eighteenth Century

2326: 2324: 1287: 1073: 953: 749: 96: 3848:

Living with Jacobitism, 1690–1788: The Three Kingdoms and Beyond

3214: 3034: 2263: 2261: 1761:

The vernacular style was continued after 1745, most famously by

1403:

in the Highlands, led by clansmen loyal to the government under

1120:

The senior government legal officer in Scotland, Lord President

3976:

A Short Account of the Affairs of Scotland in the Years 1744–46

3784:"The seized Jacobite money and land that helped build Scotland" 3010: 1832: 1807:

presented it as part of a shared Unionist history. The hero of

1770: 1730: 1726: 1369:

The fast-moving Jacobite army evaded pursuit with only a minor

1195:

the daily meetings accentuated divisions between the factions.

1147:

On 17 September, Charles entered Edinburgh unopposed, although

820:

Catholic Ireland and the return of lands confiscated after the

640:(styled as James VII in Scotland) with his Protestant daughter 4157:

Revolution: the Great Crisis of the British Monarchy 1685–1720

2321: 1469:, where over 1,500 Jacobite survivors assembled after Culloden 1293: 1190:, which seemed to validate claims of French backing. However, 1168:

to publish minutes of the 1695 Parliamentary enquiry into the

652:, had surviving children, leaving their Catholic half-brother 5173: 4451:(1982). "Issues and Motives in the Jacobite Rising of 1745". 4216:"The Inventory of Historic Battlefields – Battle of Culloden" 3466: 3094: 2258: 1722: 1550:, whose aristocratic admirers collected over £1,500 for her. 1297: 1283: 794: 583: 4674:

Quynn, Dorothy Mackay (1941). "Flora MacDonald in History".

3226: 2796: 2794: 2336: 2005:

Lovat was the last person executed by this method in Britain

1407:. At the same time, much of their resources were focused on 1239:; soldiers mustered to defend London against Jacobite forces 1012:

He spent the first months of 1745 purchasing weapons, while

5323: 3166: 2986: 2962: 2224: 2222: 1258:

Leaving a small garrison, the Jacobites continued south to

843:

against them. Many became government supporters, including

686: 682: 27:

Attempt by the House of Stuart to regain the British throne

3538: 3382: 3346: 3334: 3070: 2510: 2036: 1950:

Elcho reported that besides himself, the Council included

1091:. Enough were persuaded but the choice was rarely simple; 5121:

The Jacobite Movement in Scotland and in Exile, 1749–1759

3550: 3370: 3190: 3178: 3046: 2998: 2950: 2854: 2842: 2818: 2791: 2767: 2719: 2563: 2539: 2389: 2387: 2297: 2246: 2207: 2089: 2087: 1899:

anything against the Libertys or Religion of the People."

1008:

to return to port with most of the weapons and volunteers

755:

Trade disputes between Spain and Britain led to the 1739

3574: 2866: 2755: 2285: 2219: 2195: 1793:

The Rising has been a popular topic for writers such as

1324:. They included small detachments of regulars from the " 1320:

that French ships had landed men, supplies and money at

1304:

commemorates the Jacobite army reaching the town in 1745

1068:

and its volunteers and weapons was a major setback, but

767:

was forced to resign in February 1742 by an alliance of

3759:"Myth Buster: Was Tartan Really Banned After Culloden?" 3514: 3454: 3418: 3274: 3262: 3154: 3106: 2938: 2890: 2587: 2575: 2498: 2474: 2462: 2273: 2234: 2171: 2159: 2147: 2111: 2099: 1820:

and tartans, previously symbols of Jacobite rebellion.

586:

on 4 December, they halted to discuss future strategy.

4354:

The Stuarts' Secret Army: English Jacobites, 1689–1752

3867:

The Act of Union: Death or Reprieve for the Highlands?

3490: 3478: 3322: 3250: 2830: 2647: 2529: 2527: 2525: 2404: 2402: 2384: 2372: 2084: 2060: 3596: 3526: 3430: 3316: 3286: 3202: 3142: 3082: 2914: 2902: 2878: 2731: 2683: 2659: 2611: 2426: 2360: 2135: 2123: 2072: 1438:

positioned behind Culwhiniac enclosure, extreme right

4542:. Proceedings of the British Academy. Vol. 78. 4236: 4069:

Gooch, Leo (2004). "Towneley, Francis (1709–1746)".

3502: 3442: 3298: 3130: 3040: 2974: 2926: 2779: 2743: 2707: 2695: 2671: 2599: 2551: 2450: 2438: 2414: 2309: 2183: 1694:

Writing in the mid-20th century, Scottish historian

1522:, on his way to London for trial and later execution 1286:, while the Duke of Beaufort was preparing to seize 1172:, often used as an example of post-1688 oppression. 562:

Charles launched the rebellion on 19 August 1745 at

5140:

Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research

4736:Robb, Steven (2013). "Gordon, Robert (1703–1779)". 3394: 3238: 3058: 2635: 2623: 2522: 2486: 2399: 2048: 5091:Wemyss, Alice (2003). Gibson, John Sibbald (ed.). 3735: 3118: 2348: 1778:, much of it related to the events of the Rising. 1451:well-rested and equipped force of 7,000 to 9,000. 4214: 3406: 3358: 3100: 3022: 2806: 1053:on 15 July but were intercepted four days out by 5864: 4493:A selection of Scottish forfeited estates papers 956:, selected because it was possible to reach the 924:. Both principles had been rejected by the 1688 5051:(First ed.). Manchester University Press. 964:was well aware of this, the French squadron in 3648: 3562: 3076: 1790:, who allegedly lost her husband at Culloden. 1584:network started by Wade finally completed and 5189: 4474:The Biographical Dictionary of Scottish Women 3625:(3rd rev. ed.). Neil Wilson Publishing. 835:with enthusiasm for the Stuarts. After 1720, 434: 232: 5065: 5049:The Jacobites: Britain and Europe, 1688–1788 4742:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 4719:Jacobites: A New History of the 45 Rebellion 4634:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 4527:"Victorian Values in Scotland & England" 4505:Jacobitism and the English People, 1688–1788 4179:Under Another Sky: Journeys in Roman Britain 4075:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 3220: 2330: 1569:for their role in 1745 were surveyed by the 681:forced James to leave France; he settled in 5159:1745 Rebellion on the UK Parliament website 5112:Memoirs of the Chevalier de Johnstone, v. I 3864: 2342: 1874: 1591:Heritable Jurisdictions (Scotland) Act 1746 246: 5196: 5182: 5109: 4335:Horace Walpole's Correspondence; Volume 19 4238:"Jacobite Stories: the Battle of Culloden" 3850:. Pickering & Chatto. pp. 27–38. 2872: 1769:, who between 1760 and 1765 published the 1132:but succeeded with many others, including 795:Post-1715; Jacobitism in the British Isles 763:. The long-serving British prime minister 441: 427: 239: 225: 57: 5287:"James III & VIII", The Old Pretender 5118: 4659:(1st ed.). Oxford University Press. 4370: 4316:The Jacobite Risings in Britain 1689–1746 3472: 3460: 3376: 3112: 2177: 2117: 1609:areas strongly Jacobite in 1715, such as 886:landowner and Tory Member of Parliament, 5033:Stuart, Charles Edward (28 April 1746), 4867: 4821: 4495:. Scottish History Society; Volume LVII. 4198:Glencoe and the end of the Highland Wars 4039: 3865:Cruikshanks, Lauchlin Alexander (2008). 3801: 3639: 3160: 3052: 2992: 2968: 2279: 2267: 2042: 2014:He later returned to the Catholic church 1743: 1683:A History of Scotland for Boys and Girls 1675: 1599: 1506: 1461: 1425: 1380: 1342: 1292: 1225: 1174: 1108: 992: 960:from there in a single tide. Since the 935: 869: 798: 787:, who was appointed Foreign Minister by 785:René Louis de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson 740:. In March 1743, the Highland-recruited 711: 617: 4994: 4947: 4910: 4802: 4762: 4739:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 4654: 4631:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 4627: 4605: 4195: 4173: 4135: 4072:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 3992: 3922: 3831:(3rd ed.). Yale University Press. 3781: 3756: 3708: 3686: 3484: 3424: 3388: 3304: 3280: 3268: 3172: 3016: 2884: 2836: 2761: 2737: 2677: 2665: 2533: 2516: 2432: 2393: 2378: 2366: 2228: 2093: 2078: 1816:to be painted less than 70 years later 699:Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke 656:as the closest natural heir. Since the 589:Similar discussions had taken place at 14: 5865: 5090: 5043: 5032: 5013: 4716: 4581: 4569:from the original on 12 September 2014 4521: 4490: 4471: 4447: 4423: 4407:The Rise of the Great Powers 1648–1815 4387: 4313: 4154: 4114: 4095: 4011: 3969:(1st ed.). Milne & Hutchison. 3900: 3881: 3823: 3730: 3670:Britain as a Military Power, 1688–1815 3620: 3598:"The '45 in Northumberland and Durham" 3580: 3544: 3532: 3496: 3448: 3436: 3352: 3340: 3328: 3292: 3256: 3208: 3148: 3124: 3088: 3004: 2980: 2956: 2920: 2908: 2896: 2860: 2848: 2824: 2800: 2773: 2749: 2725: 2713: 2689: 2617: 2593: 2581: 2569: 2557: 2545: 2504: 2492: 2480: 2468: 2456: 2444: 2420: 2315: 2303: 2252: 2240: 2213: 2201: 2189: 2165: 2153: 2141: 2129: 2066: 2054: 1645:in 1757 and died of a stroke in 1765. 1221: 1134:William Sutherland, Earl of Sutherland 931: 882:The most prominent Welsh Jacobite was 570:, capturing Edinburgh and winning the 5177: 5137: 4952:. Vol. 20/21. pp. 141–173. 4889: 4840: 4783: 4673: 4499: 4404: 4390:The Organisation of the Jacobite Army 4332: 4068: 3973: 3967:Lord George Murray and the Forty-five 3942: 3829:Britons: Forging the Nation 1707–1837 3769:from the original on 21 November 2017 3667: 3556: 3508: 3244: 3232: 3196: 3184: 3136: 3064: 2944: 2932: 2812: 2785: 2701: 2653: 2641: 2629: 2605: 2408: 2291: 2105: 1868: 1641:, while Cumberland resigned from the 777:Henry Scudamore, 3rd Duke of Beaufort 422: 220: 4919:(1, Scotland Special Issue): 47–72. 4735: 4694: 4676:The North Carolina Historical Review 4351: 4284: 4256: 4098:Bonnie Prince Charlie: Truth or Lies 3964: 3845: 3520: 3412: 3400: 3364: 3028: 2354: 1680:Charles Stuart, romantic icon; from 448: 65:An Incident in the Rebellion of 1745 4873:Queen Anne; the Politics of Passion 3757:Campsie, Alison (31 October 2017). 3608:from the original on 9 October 2015 1376: 1274:, a Lancashire Catholic and former 1232:The March of the Guards to Finchley 1160:, commander of the British army in 791:after Fleury died in January 1743. 24: 5292:"Charles III", The Young Pretender 4301:from the original on 25 March 2017 3807:History of the Rebellion of 1745–6 3782:Campsie, Alison (8 January 2020). 1405:John Campbell, 4th Earl of Loudoun 1210:, but Murray selected a route via 1158:Prince William, Duke of Cumberland 1045:," the most notable being Colonel 25: 5899: 5694:Habeas Corpus Suspension Act 1715 5152: 5110:Winchester, Charles, ed. (1870). 4848:(PhD). University of St Andrews. 4556: 4491:Millar, Alexander Hastie (1907). 3602:The Northumbrian Jacobite Society 3568: 1499:trusted his promises of support. 1033:. In early July, Charles boarded 5739:Heritable Jurisdictions Act 1746 5656: 4805:A History of the Ordnance Survey 2017: 2008: 1999: 1780:Alasdair mac Mhaighstir Alasdair 1604:Charles Edward Stuart in old age 1565:, the estates of 51 individuals 1142:Kenneth Mackenzie, Lord Fortrose 901:, new laws imposed penalties on 134: 122: 5618:Raids on Lochaber and Shiramore 4999:. Manchester University Press. 4294:(Speech). The Stenton Lecture. 4014:"Sir Walter Scott as historian" 3908:. Manchester University Press. 1989: 1944: 1923: 1911: 1902: 1870:[ˈpliən̪ˠəˈhjaːrˠl̪ˠɪç] 5759:Old military roads of Scotland 5573:War of the Austrian Succession 5543:Capture of Eilean Donan Castle 5226:Independent Highland Companies 5203: 4892:Studies in Scottish Literature 4769:. Edinburgh University Press. 4507:. Cambridge University Press. 4476:. Edinburgh University Press. 4429:The Scottish Historical Review 4375:(PhD). University of Glasgow. 4200:. John Donald Publishers Ltd. 4181:. Random House Vintage Books. 3995:The Jacobite Rebellion 1745–46 3714:Corsairs and Navies, 1600–1760 1892: 1849: 845:Edward Howard, Duke of Norfolk 761:War of the Austrian Succession 541:War of the Austrian Succession 83:19 August 1745 – 20 April 1746 13: 1: 5888:Scottish invasions of England 5754:Traitors Transported Act 1746 5518:War of the Quadruple Alliance 4409:(First ed.). Routledge. 4392:(PHD). Edinburgh University. 4285:Kidd, Colin (November 2013). 2030: 1952:James Drummond, Duke of Perth 1748:"Disbanded", illustration by 1652:. In 1759, he met to discuss 1650:Non-Juring Anglican Communion 759:, followed in 1740–41 by the 613: 5309:Sophie, Electress of Hanover 5039:(letter), RA SP/MAIN/273/117 4756:UK public library membership 4648:UK public library membership 4563:National Library of Scotland 4089:UK public library membership 1929:These included men from the 1784:Donnchadh Bàn Mac an t-Saoir 1502: 1114:Duncan Forbes, Lord Culloden 7: 5749:Treason Outlawries Act 1748 5018:. Oxford University Press. 4717:Riding, Jacqueline (2016). 4242:National Trust for Scotland 4121:. W. & A. K. Johnston. 1637:and rapidly descended into 1430:Initial deployments at the 623:James Francis Edward Stuart 606:in January 1746, defeat at 539:. It took place during the 537:James Francis Edward Stuart 10: 5904: 5243:Wars of the Three Kingdoms 4913:Journal of British Studies 4841:Smith, Annette M. (1975). 4822:Shinsuke, Satsuma (2013). 4371:Mackillop, Andrew (1995). 4262:Scottish Historical Review 3640:Anderson, BJ, ed. (1902). 3621:Aikman, Christian (2001). 3589: 1776:Scottish Gaelic literature 1619:Society of United Irishmen 1247:, government commander in 1156:, just outside Edinburgh. 948:, Louis XV and his uncle, 679:1716 Anglo-French alliance 551:, with major outbreaks in 107:British government victory 29: 5771: 5716: 5676: 5667: 5654: 5626: 5561: 5506: 5441: 5363:Williamite War in Ireland 5351: 5342: 5211: 5119:Zimmerman, Doron (2003). 4995:Streets, Heather (2010). 4337:. Yale University Press. 4136:Harding, Richard (2013). 4096:Graham, Roderick (2014). 3993:Fremont, Gregory (2011). 3886:. Yale University Press. 1671: 1635:Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle 1409:besieging Stirling Castle 1218:retook the city on 14th. 1093:Donald Cameron of Lochiel 984:John Gordon of Glenbucket 907:Scottish Episcopal Church 826:Williamite War in Ireland 460: 258: 146: 115: 75: 56: 48: 43: 5729:Act of Proscription 1746 5528:Marquess of Tullibardine 4655:Pittock, Murray (2016). 4270:10.3366/shr.1997.76.1.86 4012:French, Richard (1967). 3978:. Kessinger Publishing. 3221:Szechi & Sankey 2001 3041:Jacobite stories: Battle 3019:, pp. 58–98 passim. 2331:Szechi & Sankey 2001 1960:John Murray of Broughton 1842: 1662:Chief minister of France 1595:Act of Proscription 1746 1371:skirmish at Clifton Moor 1192:David Wemyss, Lord Elcho 1130:Simon Fraser, Lord Lovat 988:John Murray of Broughton 805:Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn 5873:Jacobite rising of 1745 5533:General Joseph Wightman 5398:Battle of Killiecrankie 4803:Seymour, W. A. (1980). 4748:10.1093/ref:odnb/105934 4700:British Redcoat 1740–93 4657:Great Battles; Culloden 4388:McCann, Jean E (1963). 4333:Lewis, William (1977). 4264:. lxxvi (100): 86–102. 4115:Groves, Percy (2017) . 4054:10.2979/his.2007.19.1.5 3965:Duke, Winifred (1927). 3950:(1st ed.). Orion. 3869:. Wesleyan University. 1788:Catriona Nic Fhearghais 1752:in the 1893 edition of 1528:non-juring Episcopalian 899:Jacobite rising of 1719 865:Welsh Methodist revival 525:Jacobite rising of 1745 250:Jacobite rising of 1745 44:Jacobite rising of 1745 5603:Battle of Falkirk Muir 5418:Declaration of Finglas 5304:Act of Settlement 1701 5164:The Jacobite Rebellion 5123:. Palgrave Macmillan. 5014:Strong, Rowan (2002). 4784:Royle, Trevor (2016). 4763:Roberts, John (2002). 4613:. Palgrave Macmillan. 4453:The Eighteenth Century 4318:. Methuen Publishing. 4314:Lenman, Bruce (1980). 4196:Hopkins, Paul (1998). 4100:. Saint Andrew Press. 4081:10.1093/ref:odnb/27603 3974:Elcho, David (2010) . 3688:Blaikie, Walter Biggar 3668:Black, Jeremy (1999). 3644:. Aberdeen University. 3235:, pp. 7, 380–382. 1954:, Lord George Murray; 1864: 1818:wearing Highland dress 1758: 1705:Viscount Strathallan's 1691: 1605: 1523: 1470: 1439: 1417:Battle of Falkirk Muir 1389: 1351: 1305: 1270:. Their commander was 1240: 1200:Parliament of Scotland 1183: 1117: 1009: 941: 879: 822:Irish Confederate Wars 808: 720: 658:Act of Settlement 1701 644:and her Dutch husband 626: 393:Lochaber and Shiramore 147:Commanders and leaders 5883:1746 in Great Britain 5878:1745 in Great Britain 5593:Battle of Prestonpans 5553:Battle of Coille Bhan 5538:Anglo-French Alliance 5498:Battle of Sheriffmuir 5463:1715 general election 5076:10.1093/past/173.1.90 4702:. Osprey Publishing. 4640:10.1093/ref:odnb/5145 4405:McKay, Derek (1983). 4352:Lord, Evelyn (2004). 3997:. Osprey Publishing. 3924:Dickson, William Kirk 3317:'45 in Northumberland 3101:Inventory of Historic 2270:, pp. 37 passim. 1747: 1679: 1631:Roman Catholic priest 1627:Henry Benedict Stuart 1603: 1510: 1465: 1457:Siege of Fort William 1429: 1384: 1346: 1296: 1262:on 26 November, then 1229: 1178: 1154:Battle of Prestonpans 1112: 996: 939: 918:divine right of kings 894:and William Vaughan. 873: 802: 742:42nd Regiment of Foot 715: 621: 572:Battle of Prestonpans 529:Charles Edward Stuart 32:The forty-five guards 5781:"James III and VIII" 5548:Battle of Glen Shiel 5333:Royal Stuart Society 5329:Neo-Jacobite Revival 5273:William III & II 4587:Bell, Robert Fitzroy 4155:Harris, Tim (2006). 3882:Davies, Huw (2022). 3650:"Battle of Culloden" 3053:Gold & Gold 2007 1919:Austrian Netherlands 1857:Forty-five Rebellion 1837:Mary, Queen of Scots 1479:Loudon's Highlanders 1436:Loudon's Highlanders 1089:indentured servitude 1043:Seven Men of Moidart 1041:accompanied by the " 888:Watkin Williams-Wynn 654:James Francis Edward 5773:Jacobite succession 5413:Battle of the Boyne 5408:Massacre of Glencoe 5393:General Hugh Mackay 5282:Jacobite succession 5268:Glorious Revolution 5238:Union of the Crowns 5095:. Saltire Society. 3809:. Forgotten Books. 3716:. Hambledon Press. 3559:, pp. 140–162. 3547:, pp. 163–164. 3475:, pp. 103–148. 3355:, pp. 496–497. 3343:, pp. 177–181. 3223:, pp. 110–111. 3199:, pp. 236–258. 3187:, pp. 287–288. 3175:, pp. 196–197. 3007:, pp. 377–378. 2995:, pp. 353–354. 2971:, pp. 329–333. 2959:, pp. 328–329. 2863:, pp. 304–305. 2851:, pp. 299–300. 2827:, pp. 298–299. 2803:, pp. 209–216. 2776:, pp. 200–201. 2728:, pp. 175–176. 2572:, pp. 123–125. 2548:, pp. 465–467. 2519:, pp. 152–153. 2306:, pp. 234–235. 2294:, pp. 197–199. 2255:, pp. 102–103. 2216:, pp. 439–444. 2108:, pp. 138–140. 2045:, pp. 532–535. 1884:The Year of Charles 1865:Bliadhna Theàrlaich 1801:, whose 1814 novel 1534:The Jacobite lords 1268:Manchester Regiment 1222:Invasion of England 1014:victory at Fontenoy 932:Charles in Scotland 926:Glorious Revolution 757:War of Jenkins' Ear 675:Louis XIV of France 631:Glorious Revolution 545:a series of revolts 5708:Indemnity Act 1717 5699:Disarming Act 1715 5613:Battle of Culloden 5608:Siege of Inverness 5588:Duke of Cumberland 5578:Lord George Murray 5493:Siege of Inverness 5433:Treaty of Limerick 5373:King William's War 5263:James II & VII 5068:Past & Present 4501:Monod, Paul Kleber 4244:. 22 February 2017 4175:Higgins, Charlotte 4042:History and Memory 3944:Duffy, Christopher 3523:, pp. 86–102. 3077:Battle of Culloden 2947:, pp. 97–100. 2333:, pp. 90–128. 2204:, pp. 97–133. 1855:Also known as the 1759: 1692: 1629:was ordained as a 1606: 1571:Court of Exchequer 1524: 1471: 1448:Battle of Culloden 1440: 1432:Battle of Culloden 1390: 1352: 1348:Duke of Cumberland 1306: 1241: 1208:Berwick-upon-Tweed 1188:Marquis d'Éguilles 1184: 1180:Lord George Murray 1166:Caledonian Mercury 1118: 1104:Lord George Murray 1081:MacDonald of Sleat 1072:landed Charles at 1010: 942: 880: 809: 726:Scottish Highlands 721: 627: 568:Scottish Highlands 527:was an attempt by 156:Duke of Cumberland 5860: 5859: 5821:"Robert I and IV" 5767: 5766: 5744:Sheriffs Act 1747 5662:a Jacobite banner 5652: 5651: 5598:Siege of Carlisle 5488:Battle of Preston 5428:Siege of Limerick 5423:Battle of Aughrim 5403:Battle of Dunkeld 5388:Patrick Sarsfield 4875:. HarperCollins. 4826:. Boydell Press. 4788:. Little, Brown. 4754:(Subscription or 4646:(Subscription or 4223:Historic Scotland 4140:. Boydell Press. 4087:(Subscription or 3742:. HarperCollins. 3679:978-1-85728-772-1 3583:, pp. 37–39. 3391:, p. Ixxxvi. 3055:, pp. 11–12. 2899:, pp. 72–79. 2764:, pp. 60–61. 2596:, pp. 95–97. 2584:, pp. 93–94. 2507:, pp. 83–84. 2483:, pp. 57–58. 2471:, pp. 55–56. 2345:, pp. 96–97. 2243:, pp. 96–98. 2231:, pp. 55–58. 2168:, pp. 19–20. 2156:, pp. 94–95. 2069:, pp. 93–95. 1666:Pope Clement XIII 1556:Archibald Cameron 1401:counterinsurgency 1276:French Royal Army 1216:General Handasyde 950:Philip V of Spain 857:Church of England 771:and anti-Walpole 665:Sophia of Hanover 518: 517: 416: 415: 333:2nd Fort Augustus 298:1st Fort Augustus 215: 214: 111: 110: 16:(Redirected from 5895: 5791:"Henry IX and I" 5674: 5673: 5670:and later events 5660: 5383:Sir Ewen Cameron 5349: 5348: 5344:Jacobite risings 5258:The Killing Time 5198: 5191: 5184: 5175: 5174: 5147: 5134: 5115: 5106: 5093:Elcho of the '45 5087: 5062: 5040: 5029: 5010: 4991: 4985: 4981: 4979: 4971: 4944: 4907: 4886: 4864: 4862: 4860: 4837: 4818: 4799: 4780: 4759: 4751: 4732: 4713: 4691: 4670: 4651: 4643: 4624: 4602: 4578: 4576: 4574: 4553: 4539:Victorian Values 4531: 4518: 4496: 4487: 4468: 4444: 4435:(168): 177–181. 4420: 4401: 4384: 4367: 4348: 4329: 4310: 4308: 4306: 4300: 4293: 4281: 4253: 4251: 4249: 4233: 4231: 4229: 4220: 4211: 4192: 4170: 4151: 4132: 4111: 4092: 4084: 4065: 4036: 4034: 4032: 4021:Dalhousie Review 4018: 4008: 3989: 3970: 3961: 3939: 3919: 3897: 3878: 3861: 3842: 3820: 3803:Chambers, Robert 3798: 3796: 3794: 3778: 3776: 3774: 3753: 3741: 3727: 3705: 3683: 3664: 3662: 3660: 3645: 3636: 3617: 3615: 3613: 3584: 3578: 3572: 3566: 3560: 3554: 3548: 3542: 3536: 3530: 3524: 3518: 3512: 3506: 3500: 3494: 3488: 3482: 3476: 3470: 3464: 3458: 3452: 3446: 3440: 3434: 3428: 3422: 3416: 3410: 3404: 3398: 3392: 3386: 3380: 3374: 3368: 3362: 3356: 3350: 3344: 3338: 3332: 3326: 3320: 3314: 3308: 3302: 3296: 3290: 3284: 3278: 3272: 3266: 3260: 3254: 3248: 3242: 3236: 3230: 3224: 3218: 3212: 3206: 3200: 3194: 3188: 3182: 3176: 3170: 3164: 3158: 3152: 3146: 3140: 3134: 3128: 3122: 3116: 3110: 3104: 3098: 3092: 3086: 3080: 3074: 3068: 3062: 3056: 3050: 3044: 3038: 3032: 3026: 3020: 3014: 3008: 3002: 2996: 2990: 2984: 2978: 2972: 2966: 2960: 2954: 2948: 2942: 2936: 2930: 2924: 2918: 2912: 2906: 2900: 2894: 2888: 2882: 2876: 2870: 2864: 2858: 2852: 2846: 2840: 2834: 2828: 2822: 2816: 2810: 2804: 2798: 2789: 2783: 2777: 2771: 2765: 2759: 2753: 2747: 2741: 2735: 2729: 2723: 2717: 2711: 2705: 2699: 2693: 2687: 2681: 2675: 2669: 2663: 2657: 2656:, p. 36-38. 2651: 2645: 2639: 2633: 2627: 2621: 2615: 2609: 2603: 2597: 2591: 2585: 2579: 2573: 2567: 2561: 2555: 2549: 2543: 2537: 2531: 2520: 2514: 2508: 2502: 2496: 2490: 2484: 2478: 2472: 2466: 2460: 2454: 2448: 2442: 2436: 2430: 2424: 2418: 2412: 2406: 2397: 2391: 2382: 2376: 2370: 2364: 2358: 2352: 2346: 2343:Cruikshanks 2008 2340: 2334: 2328: 2319: 2313: 2307: 2301: 2295: 2289: 2283: 2277: 2271: 2265: 2256: 2250: 2244: 2238: 2232: 2226: 2217: 2211: 2205: 2199: 2193: 2187: 2181: 2175: 2169: 2163: 2157: 2151: 2145: 2139: 2133: 2127: 2121: 2115: 2109: 2103: 2097: 2091: 2082: 2076: 2070: 2064: 2058: 2052: 2046: 2040: 2024: 2021: 2015: 2012: 2006: 2003: 1997: 1993: 1987: 1948: 1942: 1927: 1921: 1915: 1909: 1906: 1900: 1896: 1890: 1888: 1885: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1872: 1853: 1767:James Macpherson 1690:, published 1906 1654:another invasion 1563:Vesting Act 1747 1488:Ruthven Barracks 1467:Ruthven Barracks 1377:Road to Culloden 1338:Duke of Richmond 1272:Francis Towneley 1170:Glencoe Massacre 1149:Edinburgh Castle 1060:, which engaged 997:The battle with 946:Pacte de Famille 535:for his father, 455: 453: 452:Jacobite risings 443: 436: 429: 420: 419: 253: 251: 241: 234: 227: 218: 217: 139: 138: 137: 127: 126: 77: 76: 61: 51:Jacobite risings 41: 40: 21: 5903: 5902: 5898: 5897: 5896: 5894: 5893: 5892: 5863: 5862: 5861: 5856: 5763: 5724:Jurors Act 1745 5712: 5669: 5663: 5661: 5648: 5622: 5564: 5557: 5509: 5502: 5444: 5437: 5378:Viscount Dundee 5368:Nine Years' War 5354: 5338: 5207: 5202: 5155: 5150: 5131: 5103: 5070:(173): 90–128. 5059: 5026: 5007: 4983: 4982: 4973: 4972: 4960: 4883: 4858: 4856: 4834: 4815: 4796: 4777: 4753: 4729: 4710: 4667: 4645: 4621: 4607:Pittock, Murray 4572: 4570: 4557:Mudie, Robert. 4550: 4529: 4515: 4484: 4417: 4364: 4345: 4326: 4304: 4302: 4298: 4291: 4247: 4245: 4227: 4225: 4218: 4208: 4189: 4167: 4148: 4129: 4108: 4086: 4030: 4028: 4016: 4005: 3986: 3958: 3916: 3894: 3858: 3839: 3817: 3792: 3790: 3772: 3770: 3750: 3724: 3680: 3658: 3656: 3654:British Battles 3633: 3611: 3609: 3592: 3587: 3579: 3575: 3567: 3563: 3555: 3551: 3543: 3539: 3531: 3527: 3519: 3515: 3507: 3503: 3495: 3491: 3483: 3479: 3471: 3467: 3459: 3455: 3447: 3443: 3435: 3431: 3423: 3419: 3411: 3407: 3399: 3395: 3387: 3383: 3375: 3371: 3363: 3359: 3351: 3347: 3339: 3335: 3327: 3323: 3315: 3311: 3303: 3299: 3291: 3287: 3283:, pp. 4–9. 3279: 3275: 3267: 3263: 3255: 3251: 3243: 3239: 3231: 3227: 3219: 3215: 3207: 3203: 3195: 3191: 3183: 3179: 3171: 3167: 3159: 3155: 3147: 3143: 3135: 3131: 3123: 3119: 3111: 3107: 3099: 3095: 3087: 3083: 3075: 3071: 3063: 3059: 3051: 3047: 3039: 3035: 3027: 3023: 3015: 3011: 3003: 2999: 2991: 2987: 2979: 2975: 2967: 2963: 2955: 2951: 2943: 2939: 2931: 2927: 2919: 2915: 2907: 2903: 2895: 2891: 2883: 2879: 2873:Winchester 1870 2871: 2867: 2859: 2855: 2847: 2843: 2835: 2831: 2823: 2819: 2811: 2807: 2799: 2792: 2784: 2780: 2772: 2768: 2760: 2756: 2748: 2744: 2736: 2732: 2724: 2720: 2712: 2708: 2700: 2696: 2688: 2684: 2676: 2672: 2664: 2660: 2652: 2648: 2640: 2636: 2628: 2624: 2616: 2612: 2604: 2600: 2592: 2588: 2580: 2576: 2568: 2564: 2556: 2552: 2544: 2540: 2532: 2523: 2515: 2511: 2503: 2499: 2491: 2487: 2479: 2475: 2467: 2463: 2455: 2451: 2443: 2439: 2431: 2427: 2419: 2415: 2407: 2400: 2392: 2385: 2377: 2373: 2365: 2361: 2353: 2349: 2341: 2337: 2329: 2322: 2314: 2310: 2302: 2298: 2290: 2286: 2278: 2274: 2266: 2259: 2251: 2247: 2239: 2235: 2227: 2220: 2212: 2208: 2200: 2196: 2188: 2184: 2176: 2172: 2164: 2160: 2152: 2148: 2140: 2136: 2132:, pp. 3–4. 2128: 2124: 2116: 2112: 2104: 2100: 2096:, p. xlix. 2092: 2085: 2077: 2073: 2065: 2061: 2053: 2049: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2028: 2027: 2022: 2018: 2013: 2009: 2004: 2000: 1994: 1990: 1949: 1945: 1928: 1924: 1916: 1912: 1907: 1903: 1897: 1893: 1886: 1883: 1880: 1877: 1861:Scottish Gaelic 1854: 1850: 1845: 1674: 1548:Flora MacDonald 1516:William Hogarth 1505: 1386:Stirling Castle 1379: 1356:Maurice de Saxe 1322:Montrose, Angus 1237:William Hogarth 1224: 1047:John O'Sullivan 944:Under the 1743 934: 797: 781:Cardinal Fleury 717:Cardinal Fleury 616: 521: 520: 519: 514: 456: 451: 449: 447: 417: 412: 254: 249: 247: 245: 211: 197:John O'Sullivan 180: 135: 133: 121: 99: 62: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5901: 5891: 5890: 5885: 5880: 5875: 5858: 5857: 5855: 5854: 5847: 5840: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5777: 5775: 5769: 5768: 5765: 5764: 5762: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5734:Dress Act 1746 5731: 5726: 5720: 5718: 5717:The Forty-Five 5714: 5713: 5711: 5710: 5705: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5680: 5678: 5671: 5665: 5664: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5649: 5647: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5630: 5628: 5624: 5623: 5621: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5569: 5567: 5563:The Forty-Five 5559: 5558: 5556: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5525: 5523:Earl Marischal 5520: 5514: 5512: 5504: 5503: 5501: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5455: 5449: 5447: 5439: 5438: 5436: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5405: 5400: 5395: 5390: 5385: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5359: 5357: 5346: 5340: 5339: 5337: 5336: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5295: 5294: 5289: 5279: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5229: 5228: 5223: 5216:Scottish clans 5212: 5209: 5208: 5201: 5200: 5193: 5186: 5178: 5172: 5171: 5170:, May 8, 2003) 5161: 5154: 5153:External links 5151: 5149: 5148: 5135: 5130:978-1403912916 5129: 5116: 5107: 5102:978-0854110803 5101: 5088: 5063: 5058:978-0719037740 5057: 5045:Szechi, Daniel 5041: 5030: 5025:978-0199249220 5024: 5011: 5006:978-0719069635 5005: 4992: 4984:|journal= 4959:978-0674023833 4958: 4945: 4925:10.1086/644534 4908: 4887: 4882:978-0007203765 4881: 4869:Somerset, Anne 4865: 4838: 4833:978-1843838623 4832: 4819: 4814:978-0712909792 4813: 4800: 4795:978-1408704011 4794: 4781: 4776:978-1902930299 4775: 4760: 4733: 4728:978-1408819128 4727: 4721:. Bloomsbury. 4714: 4709:978-1855325548 4708: 4692: 4682:(3): 236–258. 4671: 4666:978-0199664078 4665: 4652: 4625: 4620:978-0333667989 4619: 4603: 4579: 4554: 4549:978-0197261194 4548: 4519: 4514:978-0521447935 4513: 4497: 4488: 4483:978-0748632930 4482: 4469: 4459:(2): 177–181. 4445: 4421: 4416:978-0582485549 4415: 4402: 4385: 4368: 4363:978-0582772564 4362: 4349: 4344:978-0300007039 4343: 4330: 4325:978-0413396501 4324: 4311: 4282: 4254: 4234: 4212: 4206: 4193: 4188:978-0099552093 4187: 4171: 4166:978-0141016528 4165: 4152: 4147:978-1843838234 4146: 4133: 4128:978-1376269482 4127: 4112: 4107:978-0861537839 4106: 4093: 4066: 4037: 4009: 4004:978-1846039928 4003: 3990: 3985:978-1163535240 3984: 3971: 3962: 3957:978-0304355259 3956: 3940: 3926:, ed. (1895). 3920: 3915:978-0719034824 3914: 3898: 3893:978-0300217162 3892: 3879: 3862: 3857:978-1848934702 3856: 3843: 3838:978-0300152807 3837: 3821: 3816:978-1333574420 3815: 3799: 3779: 3754: 3749:978-0060558888 3748: 3728: 3723:978-0907628774 3722: 3710:Bromley, J. S. 3706: 3684: 3678: 3665: 3646: 3637: 3632:978-1903238028 3631: 3618: 3593: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3585: 3573: 3561: 3549: 3537: 3525: 3513: 3501: 3499:, p. 311. 3489: 3477: 3473:Mackillop 1995 3465: 3461:Mackillop 1995 3453: 3441: 3429: 3427:, p. 135. 3417: 3405: 3393: 3381: 3379:, p. 273. 3377:Zimmerman 2003 3369: 3357: 3345: 3333: 3331:, p. 133. 3321: 3309: 3297: 3285: 3273: 3271:, p. 138. 3261: 3259:, p. xii. 3249: 3237: 3225: 3213: 3201: 3189: 3177: 3165: 3163:, p. 332. 3153: 3151:, p. 493. 3141: 3139:, p. 207. 3129: 3117: 3113:Zimmerman 2003 3105: 3093: 3091:, p. 427. 3081: 3069: 3057: 3045: 3033: 3021: 3009: 2997: 2985: 2973: 2961: 2949: 2937: 2935:, p. 201. 2925: 2923:, p. 354. 2913: 2911:, p. 256. 2901: 2889: 2877: 2865: 2853: 2841: 2839:, p. 115. 2829: 2817: 2805: 2790: 2788:, p. 223. 2778: 2766: 2754: 2742: 2730: 2718: 2706: 2704:, p. 289. 2694: 2692:, p. 185. 2682: 2670: 2658: 2646: 2634: 2622: 2620:, p. 195. 2610: 2608:, p. 198. 2598: 2586: 2574: 2562: 2550: 2538: 2521: 2509: 2497: 2485: 2473: 2461: 2449: 2437: 2425: 2413: 2398: 2396:, p. 233. 2383: 2381:, p. 171. 2371: 2359: 2347: 2335: 2320: 2308: 2296: 2284: 2282:, p. 166. 2272: 2257: 2245: 2233: 2218: 2206: 2194: 2182: 2178:Zimmerman 2003 2170: 2158: 2146: 2144:, p. 337. 2134: 2122: 2120:, p. 133. 2118:Zimmerman 2003 2110: 2098: 2083: 2081:, p. 273. 2071: 2059: 2047: 2034: 2032: 2029: 2026: 2025: 2016: 2007: 1998: 1988: 1943: 1922: 1910: 1901: 1891: 1847: 1846: 1844: 1841: 1829:Highland Games 1688:H. E. Marshall 1673: 1670: 1611:Northumberland 1514:, sketched by 1504: 1501: 1496:Richard Warren 1378: 1375: 1326:Royal Écossais 1302:Charles Stuart 1300:; a statue of 1223: 1220: 1085:Norman MacLeod 1051:Outer Hebrides 933: 930: 876:Porteous riots 861:Nonconformists 853:City of London 837:Robert Walpole 796: 793: 765:Robert Walpole 744:was posted to 738:Porteous riots 615: 612: 547:that began in 533:British throne 531:to regain the 516: 515: 513: 512: 507: 502: 497: 492: 487: 482: 477: 472: 470:War in Ireland 467: 461: 458: 457: 446: 445: 438: 431: 423: 414: 413: 411: 410: 405: 400: 395: 390: 385: 380: 375: 370: 365: 360: 355: 350: 345: 340: 335: 330: 325: 320: 315: 310: 305: 300: 295: 290: 285: 280: 278:Culloden House 275: 270: 265: 259: 256: 255: 244: 243: 236: 229: 221: 213: 212: 210: 209: 207:James Drummond 204: 199: 194: 189: 187:Charles Stuart 183: 181: 179: 178: 173: 168: 163: 158: 152: 149: 148: 144: 143: 131: 118: 117: 113: 112: 109: 108: 105: 101: 100: 91: 89: 85: 84: 81: 73: 72: 54: 53: 46: 45: 39: 38: 26: 18:1745 rebellion 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5900: 5889: 5886: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5871: 5870: 5868: 5853: 5852: 5848: 5846: 5845: 5841: 5839: 5838: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5786:"Charles III" 5784: 5782: 5779: 5778: 5776: 5774: 5770: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5721: 5719: 5715: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5689:Clan Act 1715 5687: 5685: 5684:Riot Act 1714 5682: 5681: 5679: 5675: 5672: 5666: 5659: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5631: 5629: 5625: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5570: 5568: 5566: 5560: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5515: 5513: 5511: 5505: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5483:Baronet Munro 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5450: 5448: 5446: 5440: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5389: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5360: 5358: 5356: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5341: 5334: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5284: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5233:The Highlands 5231: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5218: 5217: 5214: 5213: 5210: 5206: 5199: 5194: 5192: 5187: 5185: 5180: 5179: 5176: 5169: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5156: 5146:(341): 20–39. 5145: 5141: 5136: 5132: 5126: 5122: 5117: 5113: 5108: 5104: 5098: 5094: 5089: 5085: 5081: 5077: 5073: 5069: 5064: 5060: 5054: 5050: 5046: 5042: 5038: 5037: 5031: 5027: 5021: 5017: 5012: 5008: 5002: 4998: 4993: 4989: 4977: 4969: 4965: 4961: 4955: 4951: 4946: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4926: 4922: 4918: 4914: 4909: 4905: 4901: 4897: 4893: 4888: 4884: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4855: 4851: 4847: 4846: 4839: 4835: 4829: 4825: 4820: 4816: 4810: 4806: 4801: 4797: 4791: 4787: 4782: 4778: 4772: 4768: 4767: 4761: 4757: 4749: 4745: 4741: 4740: 4734: 4730: 4724: 4720: 4715: 4711: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4672: 4668: 4662: 4658: 4653: 4649: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4632: 4626: 4622: 4616: 4612: 4608: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4555: 4551: 4545: 4541: 4540: 4535: 4528: 4524: 4523:Morris, R. J. 4520: 4516: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4489: 4485: 4479: 4475: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4450: 4449:McLynn, Frank 4446: 4442: 4438: 4434: 4430: 4426: 4425:McLynn, Frank 4422: 4418: 4412: 4408: 4403: 4399: 4395: 4391: 4386: 4382: 4378: 4374: 4369: 4365: 4359: 4355: 4350: 4346: 4340: 4336: 4331: 4327: 4321: 4317: 4312: 4297: 4290: 4289: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4255: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4224: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4203: 4199: 4194: 4190: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4162: 4158: 4153: 4149: 4143: 4139: 4134: 4130: 4124: 4120: 4119: 4113: 4109: 4103: 4099: 4094: 4090: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4073: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4038: 4026: 4022: 4015: 4010: 4006: 4000: 3996: 3991: 3987: 3981: 3977: 3972: 3968: 3963: 3959: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3902:Devine, T. M. 3899: 3895: 3889: 3885: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3863: 3859: 3853: 3849: 3844: 3840: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3825:Colley, Linda 3822: 3818: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3789: 3785: 3780: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3755: 3751: 3745: 3740: 3739: 3733: 3732:Buchan, James 3729: 3725: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3694: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3675: 3672:. Routledge. 3671: 3666: 3655: 3651: 3647: 3643: 3638: 3634: 3628: 3624: 3619: 3607: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3594: 3582: 3577: 3570: 3565: 3558: 3553: 3546: 3541: 3535:, p. 69. 3534: 3529: 3522: 3517: 3511:, p. 25. 3510: 3505: 3498: 3493: 3487:, p. 52. 3486: 3481: 3474: 3469: 3462: 3457: 3450: 3445: 3439:, p. 93. 3438: 3433: 3426: 3421: 3414: 3409: 3403:, p. 66. 3402: 3397: 3390: 3385: 3378: 3373: 3366: 3361: 3354: 3349: 3342: 3337: 3330: 3325: 3318: 3313: 3306: 3301: 3295:, p. 16. 3294: 3289: 3282: 3277: 3270: 3265: 3258: 3253: 3246: 3241: 3234: 3229: 3222: 3217: 3211:, p. 27. 3210: 3205: 3198: 3193: 3186: 3181: 3174: 3169: 3162: 3161:Anderson 1902 3157: 3150: 3145: 3138: 3133: 3126: 3121: 3115:, p. 25. 3114: 3109: 3102: 3097: 3090: 3085: 3078: 3073: 3067:, p. 87. 3066: 3061: 3054: 3049: 3042: 3037: 3030: 3025: 3018: 3013: 3006: 3001: 2994: 2993:Chambers 2018 2989: 2983:, p. 18. 2982: 2977: 2970: 2969:Chambers 2018 2965: 2958: 2953: 2946: 2941: 2934: 2929: 2922: 2917: 2910: 2905: 2898: 2893: 2887:, p. 63. 2886: 2881: 2875:, p. 50. 2874: 2869: 2862: 2857: 2850: 2845: 2838: 2833: 2826: 2821: 2814: 2809: 2802: 2797: 2795: 2787: 2782: 2775: 2770: 2763: 2758: 2752:, p. 85. 2751: 2746: 2740:, p. 53. 2739: 2734: 2727: 2722: 2716:, p. 81. 2715: 2710: 2703: 2698: 2691: 2686: 2679: 2674: 2668:, p. 26. 2667: 2662: 2655: 2650: 2644:, p. 32. 2643: 2638: 2632:, p. 29. 2631: 2626: 2619: 2614: 2607: 2602: 2595: 2590: 2583: 2578: 2571: 2566: 2560:, p. 13. 2559: 2554: 2547: 2542: 2535: 2530: 2528: 2526: 2518: 2513: 2506: 2501: 2494: 2489: 2482: 2477: 2470: 2465: 2459:, p. 93. 2458: 2453: 2447:, p. 29. 2446: 2441: 2435:, p. 48. 2434: 2429: 2423:, p. 27. 2422: 2417: 2411:, p. 43. 2410: 2405: 2403: 2395: 2390: 2388: 2380: 2375: 2369:, p. 49. 2368: 2363: 2357:, p. 29. 2356: 2351: 2344: 2339: 2332: 2327: 2325: 2318:, p. 15. 2317: 2312: 2305: 2300: 2293: 2288: 2281: 2280:Somerset 2012 2276: 2269: 2268:Shinsuke 2013 2264: 2262: 2254: 2249: 2242: 2237: 2230: 2225: 2223: 2215: 2210: 2203: 2198: 2192:, p. 20. 2191: 2186: 2180:, p. 51. 2179: 2174: 2167: 2162: 2155: 2150: 2143: 2138: 2131: 2126: 2119: 2114: 2107: 2102: 2095: 2090: 2088: 2080: 2075: 2068: 2063: 2057:, p. 91. 2056: 2051: 2044: 2043:Somerset 2012 2039: 2035: 2020: 2011: 2002: 1992: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1947: 1940: 1936: 1933:garrisons of 1932: 1926: 1920: 1914: 1905: 1895: 1871: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1852: 1848: 1840: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1825:Burns Suppers 1821: 1819: 1815: 1810: 1806: 1805: 1800: 1796: 1795:D. K. Broster 1791: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1757: 1756: 1751: 1746: 1742: 1739: 1734: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1719: 1715: 1714:Scots Brigade 1709: 1706: 1700: 1697: 1696:Winifred Duke 1689: 1685: 1684: 1678: 1669: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1646: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1622: 1620: 1616: 1615:County Durham 1612: 1602: 1598: 1596: 1592: 1587: 1583: 1582:military road 1578: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1559: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1532: 1529: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1500: 1497: 1491: 1489: 1483: 1480: 1476: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1458: 1452: 1449: 1444: 1437: 1433: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1397: 1395: 1387: 1383: 1374: 1372: 1367: 1363: 1361: 1357: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1339: 1333: 1331: 1330:Irish Brigade 1327: 1323: 1319: 1318:Lord Drummond 1314: 1311: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1256: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1238: 1234: 1233: 1228: 1219: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1204: 1201: 1196: 1193: 1189: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1122:Duncan Forbes 1115: 1111: 1107: 1105: 1101: 1096: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1077: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1058: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1039:Saint-Nazaire 1036: 1032: 1031:Irish Brigade 1028: 1024: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1007: 1003: 1002: 995: 991: 989: 985: 980: 978: 974: 969: 967: 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 938: 929: 927: 923: 919: 914: 912: 908: 904: 900: 895: 893: 889: 885: 877: 872: 868: 866: 862: 858: 854: 848: 846: 842: 838: 834: 829: 827: 823: 818: 814: 806: 801: 792: 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 773:Patriot Whigs 770: 766: 762: 758: 753: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 730: 727: 718: 714: 710: 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 684: 680: 676: 672: 670: 666: 663: 659: 655: 651: 647: 643: 639: 636: 633:replaced the 632: 624: 620: 611: 609: 605: 600: 596: 592: 587: 585: 581: 580:Jacobite army 577: 573: 569: 565: 560: 558: 554: 550: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 526: 511: 508: 506: 503: 501: 498: 496: 493: 491: 488: 486: 483: 481: 478: 476: 473: 471: 468: 466: 463: 462: 459: 454: 444: 439: 437: 432: 430: 425: 424: 421: 409: 406: 404: 401: 399: 396: 394: 391: 389: 386: 384: 381: 379: 378:Loch nan Uamh 376: 374: 371: 369: 366: 364: 361: 359: 356: 354: 351: 349: 346: 344: 341: 339: 336: 334: 331: 329: 326: 324: 321: 319: 316: 314: 311: 309: 306: 304: 301: 299: 296: 294: 291: 289: 286: 284: 281: 279: 276: 274: 271: 269: 266: 264: 261: 260: 257: 252: 242: 237: 235: 230: 228: 223: 222: 219: 208: 205: 203: 202:John Drummond 200: 198: 195: 193: 192:George Murray 190: 188: 185: 184: 182: 177: 176:Duncan Forbes 174: 172: 169: 167: 164: 162: 159: 157: 154: 153: 151: 150: 145: 142: 132: 130: 129:Great Britain 125: 120: 119: 114: 106: 103: 102: 98: 95:and Northern 94: 90: 87: 86: 82: 79: 78: 74: 71: 67: 66: 60: 55: 52: 47: 42: 37: 33: 19: 5849: 5842: 5835: 5831:"Francis II" 5796:"Charles IV" 5668:Consequences 5562: 5508:The Nineteen 5453:…in Cornwall 5353:First rising 5167: 5143: 5139: 5120: 5111: 5092: 5067: 5048: 5035: 5015: 4996: 4949: 4916: 4912: 4895: 4891: 4872: 4857:. Retrieved 4843: 4823: 4804: 4785: 4765: 4737: 4718: 4699: 4696:Reid, Stuart 4679: 4675: 4656: 4629: 4610: 4590: 4583:Murray, John 4571:. Retrieved 4562: 4538: 4534:Smout, T. C. 4504: 4492: 4473: 4456: 4452: 4432: 4428: 4406: 4389: 4372: 4353: 4334: 4315: 4303:. Retrieved 4287: 4261: 4246:. Retrieved 4241: 4226:. Retrieved 4197: 4178: 4156: 4137: 4117: 4097: 4070: 4045: 4041: 4029:. Retrieved 4027:(2): 159–172 4024: 4020: 3994: 3975: 3966: 3947: 3927: 3905: 3883: 3866: 3847: 3828: 3806: 3791:. Retrieved 3788:The Scotsman 3787: 3771:. Retrieved 3763:The Scotsman 3762: 3737: 3713: 3692: 3669: 3657:. Retrieved 3653: 3641: 3622: 3610:. Retrieved 3601: 3576: 3564: 3552: 3540: 3528: 3516: 3504: 3492: 3485:Streets 2010 3480: 3468: 3463:, p. 2. 3456: 3451:, p. 2. 3444: 3432: 3425:Pittock 2016 3420: 3408: 3396: 3389:Blaikie 1916 3384: 3372: 3360: 3348: 3336: 3324: 3312: 3305:Campsie 2017 3300: 3288: 3281:Seymour 1980 3276: 3269:Higgins 2014 3264: 3252: 3247:, p. 7. 3240: 3228: 3216: 3204: 3192: 3180: 3173:Roberts 2002 3168: 3156: 3144: 3132: 3120: 3108: 3096: 3084: 3072: 3060: 3048: 3036: 3031:, p. 9. 3024: 3017:Pittock 2016 3012: 3000: 2988: 2976: 2964: 2952: 2940: 2928: 2916: 2904: 2892: 2885:Stephen 2010 2880: 2868: 2856: 2844: 2837:Pittock 1998 2832: 2820: 2808: 2781: 2769: 2762:Stephen 2010 2757: 2745: 2738:Stephen 2010 2733: 2721: 2709: 2697: 2685: 2680:, p. 1. 2678:Hopkins 1998 2673: 2666:Pittock 2016 2661: 2649: 2637: 2625: 2613: 2601: 2589: 2577: 2565: 2553: 2541: 2534:Pittock 2004 2517:Stewart 2001 2512: 2500: 2495:, p. 2. 2488: 2476: 2464: 2452: 2440: 2433:Fremont 2011 2428: 2416: 2394:Bromley 1987 2379:Harding 2013 2374: 2367:Stephen 2010 2362: 2350: 2338: 2311: 2299: 2287: 2275: 2248: 2236: 2229:Stephen 2010 2209: 2197: 2185: 2173: 2161: 2149: 2137: 2125: 2113: 2101: 2094:Blaikie 1916 2079:Dickson 1895 2074: 2062: 2050: 2038: 2019: 2010: 2001: 1991: 1946: 1925: 1913: 1904: 1894: 1856: 1851: 1822: 1808: 1803: 1799:Walter Scott 1792: 1763:Robert Burns 1760: 1753: 1738:Allan Ramsay 1735: 1710: 1701: 1693: 1681: 1647: 1643:British Army 1623: 1607: 1579: 1560: 1533: 1525: 1492: 1484: 1472: 1453: 1445: 1441: 1421: 1413:Henry Hawley 1398: 1394:Lewis Gordon 1391: 1368: 1364: 1353: 1334: 1315: 1310:Exeter House 1307: 1257: 1242: 1230: 1205: 1197: 1185: 1165: 1146: 1119: 1097: 1078: 1076:on 23 July. 1069: 1065: 1061: 1056: 1034: 1026: 1020: 1011: 1005: 1000: 981: 970: 943: 915: 896: 892:David Morgan 884:Denbighshire 881: 849: 830: 813:Frank McLynn 810: 754: 731: 722: 673: 628: 604:Falkirk Muir 588: 561: 524: 522: 504: 403:Appin Murder 353:Fort William 343:Blair Castle 293:2nd Carlisle 283:1st Carlisle 248: 166:Henry Hawley 116:Belligerents 70:David Morier 63: 36: 5811:"Francis I" 5468:Earl of Mar 5458:…in England 5443:The Fifteen 5253:Covenanters 5248:Restoration 5168:In Our Time 5114:. D. Wylie. 4356:. Pearson. 4258:Kidd, Colin 4248:19 December 4228:16 November 4159:. Penguin. 3659:16 November 3581:Morris 1992 3545:French 1967 3533:Mearns 2007 3497:Buchan 2003 3449:Devine 1994 3437:Aikman 2001 3353:Riding 2016 3341:McLynn 1980 3329:Szechi 1994 3293:Devine 1994 3257:Millar 1907 3209:Lenman 1980 3149:Riding 2016 3125:Stuart 1746 3089:Riding 2016 3005:Riding 2016 2981:Davies 2022 2957:Riding 2016 2921:Riding 2016 2909:Riding 2016 2897:Colley 2009 2861:Riding 2016 2849:Riding 2016 2825:Riding 2016 2801:Riding 2016 2774:Riding 2016 2750:Wemyss 2003 2726:Riding 2016 2714:Wemyss 2003 2690:Riding 2016 2618:Riding 2016 2594:Riding 2016 2582:Riding 2016 2570:Riding 2016 2558:McCann 1963 2546:Riding 2016 2505:Riding 2016 2493:Graham 2014 2481:Riding 2016 2469:Riding 2016 2457:Murray 1898 2445:Riding 2016 2421:Riding 2016 2316:Strong 2002 2304:Riding 2016 2253:McLynn 1982 2241:Szechi 1994 2214:Harris 2006 2202:McLynn 1982 2190:Riding 2016 2166:Riding 2016 2154:Szechi 1994 2142:Riding 2016 2130:Groves 2017 2067:Szechi 1994 2055:Szechi 1994 1996:prevailed." 1966:, Lochiel, 1750:John Pettie 1586:William Roy 1280:1715 Rising 1245:George Wade 903:Non-Jurists 833:Hanoverians 803:Welsh Tory 671:in August. 383:Loch Ailort 368:Littleferry 318:2nd Ruthven 273:Prestonpans 268:1st Ruthven 171:George Wade 5867:Categories 5816:"Mary III" 5478:Lord Lovat 5299:Queen Anne 5221:Clan chief 5205:Jacobitism 4854:10023/2923 4807:. Dawson. 4758:required.) 4650:required.) 4611:Jacobitism 4573:7 November 4207:0859764907 4091:required.) 3773:7 November 3557:Sroka 1980 3509:Royle 2016 3245:Smith 1975 3233:Smith 1975 3197:Quynn 1941 3185:Lewis 1977 3137:Elcho 2010 3065:Royle 2016 2945:Black 1999 2933:Elcho 2010 2813:Gooch 2004 2786:Duffy 2003 2702:Elcho 2010 2654:Oates 2007 2642:Oates 2007 2630:Oates 2007 2606:Duffy 2003 2409:Duffy 2003 2292:Monod 1993 2106:McKay 1983 2031:References 1972:Clanranald 1964:O'Sullivan 1718:Maol Ruadh 1639:alcoholism 1575:crown land 1552:Lord Elcho 1536:Kilmarnock 1328:" and the 1264:Manchester 1138:Clan Munro 1100:Glenfinnan 1070:Du Teillay 1062:Elizabeth. 1035:Du Teillay 1027:Elizabeth, 1022:Du Teillay 973:Roquefeuil 962:Royal Navy 922:absolutism 911:1707 Union 897:After the 817:Jacobitism 811:Historian 614:Background 599:Manchester 564:Glenfinnan 549:March 1689 263:Highbridge 5806:"Mary II" 5319:George II 4986:ignored ( 4976:cite book 4941:144730991 4904:0039-3770 4599:879747289 4398:646764870 4062:154655376 4031:5 October 3936:652345728 3875:705142720 3805:(2018) . 3521:Kidd 1997 3413:Kidd 2013 3401:Duke 1927 3365:Robb 2013 3029:Reid 1996 2355:Corp 2014 1984:Lochgarry 1939:Oudenarde 1814:George IV 1567:attainted 1540:Balmerino 1520:St Albans 1503:Aftermath 1475:grapeshot 1350:, ca 1757 1249:Newcastle 1126:John Cope 1066:Elizabeth 1018:privateer 1006:Elizabeth 982:In 1738, 874:The 1737 736:and 1737 662:Electress 629:The 1688 576:Jacobites 328:Inverness 303:Inverurie 161:John Cope 141:Jacobites 5627:Abortive 5314:George I 5047:(1994). 4968:41219594 4933:27752690 4871:(2012). 4859:10 March 4698:(1996). 4688:23516055 4609:(1998). 4585:(1898). 4567:Archived 4525:(1992). 4503:(1993). 4465:41467263 4441:25529380 4381:59608677 4305:14 April 4296:Archived 4278:25530740 4177:(2014). 4048:(1): 5. 3946:(2003). 3904:(1994). 3827:(2009). 3793:10 March 3767:Archived 3734:(2003). 3712:(1987). 3690:(1916). 3612:13 April 3606:Archived 1980:Ardsheal 1956:Sheridan 1809:Waverley 1804:Waverley 1797:and Sir 1755:Waverley 1658:Choiseul 1360:Flanders 1253:Carlisle 1212:Carlisle 1162:Flanders 789:Louis XV 746:Flanders 734:malt tax 669:George I 638:James II 635:Catholic 608:Culloden 591:Carlisle 373:Culloden 313:Stirling 93:Scotland 88:Location 49:Part of 5583:Lochiel 5473:Rob Roy 5324:Toryism 5277:Mary II 5084:3600841 4845:century 4589:(ed.). 4536:(ed.). 3702:2974999 3590:Sources 1976:Glencoe 1968:Keppoch 1935:Tournai 1878: 1833:tartans 1731:Gurkhas 1660:, then 1415:at the 1288:Bristol 1260:Preston 1074:Eriskay 1004:forced 954:Dunkirk 750:Glasgow 703:Charles 646:William 595:Preston 566:in the 408:Rannoch 388:Arisaig 358:Dornoch 308:Falkirk 288:Clifton 97:England 5851:Joseph 5844:Sophie 5826:Albert 5801:Victor 5565:(1745) 5510:(1719) 5445:(1715) 5355:(1689) 5127: 5099: 5082: 5055: 5022: 5003: 4966: 4956: 4939: 4931: 4902: 4879: 4830: 4811: 4792: 4773: 4752: 4725: 4706: 4686: 4663: 4644: 4617: 4597: 4546: 4511: 4480: 4463: 4439: 4413: 4396: 4379: 4360: 4341: 4322: 4276: 4204: 4185: 4163: 4144: 4125: 4104: 4085: 4060: 4001: 3982: 3954: 3934: 3912: 3890: 3873: 3854: 3835: 3813: 3746: 3720: 3700: 3676: 3629: 1771:Ossian 1727:Dogras 1712:Dutch 1672:Legacy 958:Thames 769:Tories 398:Killin 363:Tongue 338:Atholl 104:Result 5677:Early 5080:JSTOR 4964:JSTOR 4937:S2CID 4929:JSTOR 4900:eISSN 4898:(1). 4684:JSTOR 4532:. In 4530:(PDF) 4461:JSTOR 4437:JSTOR 4299:(PDF) 4292:(PDF) 4274:JSTOR 4219:(PDF) 4058:S2CID 4017:(PDF) 3569:Mudie 1931:Dutch 1859:, or 1843:Notes 1723:Sikhs 1656:with 1544:Lovat 1512:Lovat 1298:Derby 1284:Derby 966:Brest 707:Henry 687:Papal 685:on a 584:Derby 348:Keith 5703:1725 5701:and 5644:1759 5639:1744 5634:1708 5275:and 5125:ISBN 5097:ISBN 5053:ISBN 5020:ISBN 5001:ISBN 4988:help 4954:ISBN 4877:ISBN 4861:2020 4828:ISBN 4809:ISBN 4790:ISBN 4771:ISBN 4723:ISBN 4704:ISBN 4661:ISBN 4615:ISBN 4595:OCLC 4575:2018 4544:ISBN 4509:ISBN 4478:ISBN 4411:ISBN 4394:OCLC 4377:OCLC 4358:ISBN 4339:ISBN 4320:ISBN 4307:2018 4250:2018 4230:2018 4202:ISBN 4183:ISBN 4161:ISBN 4142:ISBN 4123:ISBN 4102:ISBN 4033:2022 3999:ISBN 3980:ISBN 3952:ISBN 3932:OCLC 3910:ISBN 3888:ISBN 3871:OCLC 3852:ISBN 3833:ISBN 3811:ISBN 3795:2020 3775:2018 3744:ISBN 3718:ISBN 3698:OCLC 3674:ISBN 3661:2018 3627:ISBN 3614:2018 1982:and 1937:and 1875:lit. 1729:and 1613:and 1542:and 1446:The 1140:and 1083:and 1057:Lion 1055:HMS 1025:and 1001:Lion 999:HMS 977:1719 920:and 841:laws 705:and 695:1719 693:and 691:1715 683:Rome 650:Anne 642:Mary 597:and 557:1719 555:and 553:1715 523:The 510:1759 505:1745 500:1744 495:1721 490:1719 485:1715 480:1708 475:1696 465:1689 80:Date 5837:Max 5072:doi 4921:doi 4850:hdl 4744:doi 4636:doi 4266:doi 4077:doi 4050:doi 1686:by 1518:at 1235:by 1037:at 323:Moy 5869:: 5144:85 5142:. 5078:. 4980:: 4978:}} 4974:{{ 4962:. 4935:. 4927:. 4917:49 4915:. 4896:15 4894:. 4680:18 4678:. 4565:. 4561:. 4457:23 4455:. 4433:59 4431:. 4272:. 4240:. 4221:. 4056:. 4046:19 4044:. 4025:47 4023:. 4019:. 3786:. 3765:. 3761:. 3652:. 3604:. 3600:. 2793:^ 2524:^ 2401:^ 2386:^ 2323:^ 2260:^ 2221:^ 2086:^ 1978:, 1974:, 1970:, 1962:, 1958:, 1873:, 1867:, 1863:: 1831:, 1827:, 1725:, 1621:. 1538:, 1290:. 1144:. 1136:, 867:. 593:, 559:. 68:, 5335:) 5331:( 5197:e 5190:t 5183:v 5133:. 5105:. 5086:. 5074:: 5061:. 5028:. 5009:. 4990:) 4970:. 4943:. 4923:: 4906:. 4885:. 4863:. 4852:: 4836:. 4817:. 4798:. 4779:. 4750:. 4746:: 4731:. 4712:. 4690:. 4669:. 4642:. 4638:: 4623:. 4601:. 4577:. 4552:. 4517:. 4486:. 4467:. 4443:. 4419:. 4400:. 4383:. 4366:. 4347:. 4328:. 4309:. 4280:. 4268:: 4252:. 4232:. 4210:. 4191:. 4169:. 4150:. 4131:. 4110:. 4083:. 4079:: 4064:. 4052:: 4035:. 4007:. 3988:. 3960:. 3938:. 3918:. 3896:. 3877:. 3860:. 3841:. 3819:. 3797:. 3777:. 3752:. 3726:. 3704:. 3682:. 3663:. 3635:. 3616:. 3571:. 3415:. 3367:. 3319:. 3307:. 3127:. 3103:. 3079:. 3043:. 2815:. 2536:. 1986:. 1889:) 1887:' 1881:' 442:e 435:t 428:v 240:e 233:t 226:v 34:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge

Jacobite rising of 1745

Index