316:
Another required that there be a
General Council of Christians to reform the Church, and to prepare a crusade against the Infidel. Another required that the text of the Capitulations be read out twice a year in Congregation. Another stated that the Roman Curia could not be transferred elsewhere in Italy without the consent of half of the cardinals; and that it could not be transferred outside of Italy without the consent of two-thirds. Ludwig Pastor, the historian of the Papacy, quotes those and others: that any cardinal who did not already possess an income of 6000 ducats would be given a subsidy of 200 ducats per month; that no cardinal would be appointed a Legate against his will; that all benefices connected with the Lateran Basilica and the Vatican Basilica would be conferred on Romans only. The list went on. No pope ever felt obliged to carry out all or any of these Capitulations.
291:, one of Pope Julius' nephews, was so ill that he had to be carried into the Conclave, and he was given special accommodations. Cardinal Soderini and Cardinal de'Medici were also ill. Medici had been in Rome since the 28th of February, but he was suffering from a fistula, and needed to be operated on. He did not enter the Conclave until 6 March, and had to be carried into the Conclave area in a sedan chair. The Cardinal Camerlengo, Raffaele Riario, accompanied by Cardinal d' Aragona and Cardinal Farnese, made the traditional examination of the entire area of the Conclave, and then supervised the sealing of the doors.
355:. Although Pirie subscribes this outcome to chance (see below), Roscoe argues that Alborense had the support of the older cardinals, while the younger, and particularly the royal and noble cardinals supported Medici. The alternative view, however, points out that the Older Cardinals and the papabili were astonished at the votes for Serra. It cannot be, therefore, that all those votes were their own. Rather, some of the thirteen votes for Cardinal Serra (Alborese) came from the supporters of Medici, that is, the 'Younger Cardinals', who did not want to reveal their support for Medici ahead of the appropriate moment.
2380:
130:
422:
almost a week before the first serious scrutiny took place. Many of the cardinals, wishing to temporise and conceal their real intentions, had voted for the man they considered least likely to have any supporters. As luck would have it, thirteen prelates had selected the same outsider, with the result that they all but elected
Arborense, the most worthless nonentity present. This narrow shave gave the Sacred College such a shock that its members determined to come to some agreement which would put matters on a more satisfactory basis for both parties.
347:, Medici himself was charged with the counting of the ballots. Seventeen votes were required for a canonical election. Cardinal Serra received thirteen votes on the first ballot, Grosso della Rovere 8, Accolti 7, Antonio del Monte 7, Bakócz 8, Fieschi 7, Finale 5, Soderini 4, Robert Guibé 3, Adriano de Castello 3, Achille de Grassis 3, Farnese 3, Grimani 2, Bainbridge 2, Vigerio 1, Remolino 1, and Medici 1. Medici himself—who voted for Soderini, Antonio del Monte, and Pietro Accolti—received the vote of
2510:
2329:
2408:
2476:
2368:
2356:
2493:
2459:
2527:
2442:
254:
2425:
374:
him. Trollope claims that every cardinal did such because "it is ill voting against a man to-day who is to be the despotic master of your fate and fortunes on the morrow". Actually, the success of Medici was due to the unity of the 'Younger
Cardinals' behind their chosen candidate, as much as to Medici's mildness and generosity toward friend and enemy, as Pio de Carpi explained to the Emperor Maximilian.
202:), and most especially the papal office. The Bull was approved by the Council, which was then recessed until April 11. At the Conclave, therefore, the continuation of the Council was a major concern, and was written into the Electoral Capitulations. At his last audience for the Cardinals, on 19 February, Pope Julius advised the Cardinals not to allow the schismatic cardinals from the
194:, which had been summoned by the Pope to deal with the most pressing problems facing the Church. Julius II was so ill that he was not able to attend the Fifth Session on 16 February, but nineteen cardinals were present. Cardinal Riario presided in the Pope's absence. It was at that Session that Julius had solemnly republished his famous Bull,
405:) claimed that: "inasmuch as the latter aspired not without good reason to the Papacy, it was likely enough that he might have to vail himself of Filippo's credit". In the event, Julius II's bull against simony had all the participants on alert, and there is no hint of simony at the Conclave of 1513.
421:
Twenty-five cardinals entered the conclave. The absence of the French element left practically only two contending parties—the young and the old. The former had secretly settled on
Giovanni de' Medici; the second openly supported S. Giorgio, England's candidate. The Sacred College had been assembled
373:
in close conversation for more than an hour, although no other observer was able to make out the subject. Between then and the time for the vote next morning, a rumor spread among the cardinals as to the outcome of the conversation, and every other cardinal flocked to Medici's cell to congratulate
300:
and regulating the procedures of the
Conclave. The Conclavists, too, were drawing up a list of demands, which included the disposal of the property of whichever Cardinal happened to be elected pope. The successful candidate's Conclavists were entitled to their employer's property as 'spoils', but
214:
had been kept informed of the situation, and it was reported in
Florence on 14 February that he had ordered the French cardinals to hasten their journey to Rome. He also wrote to the College of Cardinals, advising them not to rush into voting for a new pope, but to await the arrival of the French
275:
had created twenty-seven cardinals during his reign of more than nine years. Twelve of these had died, leaving fifteen cardinals, who were referred to as the 'Younger
Cardinals'. They formed a faction, under the leadership of the della Rovere cardinals. The 'Elder Cardinals', named by earlier
315:
was seen by the
Florentine diarist, Luca Landucci. He reported that there were thirty clauses. One provided that the Pope could not create more than two cardinals from members of his own family, when the number of Cardinals was below 24, and with the agreement of two-thirds of the cardinals.
756:
Creighton IV, p. 178. Gregorovius, p. 175. Cf. Roscoe, 1888, p. 295. Roscoe is incorrect, both as to the number of living cardinals (He thought that there were 32) and as to the date (He wrote March 3). Paris de
Grassis, the papal Master of Ceremonies noted in his Diary that the Conclave was
968:
Pastor VII, p. 22. The votes for Serra came from: Achille de
Grassis, Carlo de Caretto, Pietro Accolti, Francesco Soderini, Antonio del Monte, Adriano del Castello de Corneto, Francesco Remolino, Marco Vigerio, Raffaele Riario, Domenico Grimani, Tamas Bakosz, Alessandro Farnese, and Alfonso
237:. He was ruling Florence on behalf of his family. Nonetheless he set out on his painful journey to Rome on 22 February in great haste; he was certainly in Rome on February 28. He employed the next few days in Rome in profitable conversations. He met, for example, with Cardinal
166:, who was both Dean of the College of Cardinals and Cardinal Chamberlain of the Holy Roman Church (Camerlengo). Voting began on 10 March, and there were only two Scrutinies. Negotiations after the first balloting led to the election of Cardinal Giovanni de'Medici, the son of
209:
In fact, the death of the Pope had been expected for some weeks. It had been reported generally (the Venetians knew it on 10 February) that the Pope was suffering from a double tertian fever (malaria), and that his doctors held little hope for his recovery. King
394:, Leo X. Since Medici had only been ordained a deacon, it was necessary for him to be ordained a priest and consecrated a bishop immediately. He was ordained a priest on 15 March, and consecrated on 17 March 1513 by Cardinal Raffaele Sansoni Riario.
335:. The reading was done at the special request of the 'Elder Cardinals'; there was, of course, no precedent. The voting itself took place in the chapel of S. Niccolo da Bari, which was replaced by the Cappella Paolina in the reign of
1174:
Sacrorum conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, cujus Johannes Dominicus Mansi et post ipsius mortem Florentius et Venetianus editores ab anno 1758 ad annum 1798 priores triginta unum tomos ediderunt, nunc autem continuatat et
308:), in which was listed the names of the Cardinal's most favored followers with specific requests for benefices for them. These requests were usually granted, usually on the spot. Each cardinal had to draw up his list.
369:. He therefore had to make some sort of accommodation with his enemy Medici. That night, in the main hall of the Conclave (the Sala Ducale?), the Cardinals and Conclavists observed Cardinal Medici and Cardinal
241:, whose family had helped drive the Medici out of Florence in 1494, with the support of Louis XII, and who had been driven out of Florence in their turn by the resurgent Medici in 1512. It was agreed that the
762:
Acta selecta caeremonialia sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae, ex variis mss. codicibus et diariis saeculi XV.XVI.XVII. aucta et illustrata pluribus aliis monumentis nondum editis collectore P.D. Joanne Baptista
2300:
1281:
1128:
Conatus chronico-historicus ad catalogum Romanorum Pontificum cum praevio ad eumdem apparatu Godefridi Henschenii atque Petri Possini a Sancto Petro usque ad Innocentium XI. (etc.)
991:
The meeting was at dinner, according to Trollope, 1876, pp. 181–182. But Papebroch's source (p. 150 § 9) makes it clear that it was after dinner in the middle of the Sala Majore.
245:
would be repatriated to Florence and that the feud would end. Soderini became a strong supporter of Medici in the Conclave, and Medici voted for Soderini on the first Scrutiny.
1117:
Le vite di Leon decimo et d'Adriano 6. sommi pontefici, et del cardinal Pompeo Colonna, scritte per mons. Paolo Giouio vescouo di Nocera, & tradotte da m. Lodouico Domenichi
1887:
1052:
This is not quite true. Cardinal Robert Guibé (Chailland) was present, and so was Cardinal Domenico del Carretto, who was a French agent. Gulik & Eubel, p. 13 n. 2.
2499:
162:
on 21 February 1513, opened on 4 March with twenty-five cardinals in attendance, out of a total number of thirty-one. The Conclave was presided over by Cardinal
1274:
304:
It had been the custom for hundreds of years for each cardinal, at the time of the second Obeisance to the new Pope, to present him with a small memorandum (
323:, the private physician required by Cardinal Medici; Giacomo, despite his plea, was not permitted to leave early once his services were no longer required.
591:
320:
2310:
382:
Medici was elected unanimously in the Scrutiny on the morning of 11 March. The statement of unanimity is not surprising; every conclave strives to end
1903:
1267:
1766:
1750:
2183:
2167:
2135:
2119:
2103:
2087:
2215:
2199:
2151:
1197:
The History of the Popes: From the Close of the Middle Ages. Drawn from the Secret Archives of the Vatican and Other Original Sources
1859:
1186:
Geschichte der Päpste, seit dem Ausgang des Mittelalters: Mit benutzung des Päpstlichen Geheimarchives und vieler anderer Archive
975:
776:
He died on 8 March, in the Conclave, and therefore did not take part in any balloting. Guilelmus van Gulik & Conradus Eubel
390:(future Pope Paul III), who was now senior Cardinal Deacon in place of Medici, announced the election of Medici by his chosen
969:
Petrucci: Godefroy, p. 68 (from Paris de Grassis). Six of these were cardinals appointed by Julius II: Salvador Miranda,
914:
The Master of Ceremonies, Paris de Grassis, still uses the traditional terminology for the senior members of each order:
2396:
1880:
713:
were deprived of their functions and declared schismatics on 11 October 1511: Guilelmus van Gulik & Conradus Eubel
2577:
2552:
1061:
Pirie seems to be wrong. S. Giorgio received no votes at all. The alternative is that a dozen cardinals were lying.
386:, leaving no grounds for a schism. A window which had been boarded closed for the Conclave was opened, and Cardinal
89:
702:
625:
363:
Riario's position, without a single vote in his favor, must have caused him to reconsider his position. He was not
2448:
945:
Pastor VII, p. 21. A complete list of all the votes in the first Scrutiny is given by Paris de Grassis, quoted in:
219:
596:
2562:
539:
698:
620:
601:
1227:
2516:
1852:
1743:
1547:
2431:
2052:
2031:
2024:
1947:
1831:
1803:
1782:
1610:
1603:
1582:
1575:
1561:
1526:
1519:
1456:
514:
191:
144:
276:
popes, numbered sixteen, and were led by Raffaele Sansoni Riario, the Cardinal of S. Giorgio, a nephew of
2176:
1759:
1533:
1449:
1302:
519:
398:
139:
1178:(in Latin). Vol. 32 (reprint of edition of Venice: Zatta 1759 ed.). Paris: expensis H. Welter.
2346:
2160:
455:
2567:
2280:
1810:
611:
and declared schismatic by Julius II, and thus could not participate (all were reinstated by Leo X):
265:
264:
against the Medici, would later be caught plotting against Leo X and be forced to surrender the
2557:
2332:
2290:
1540:
1246:
489:
233:
Cardinal Giovanni de' Medici, who had not been attending the Council, was ill in Florence with an
2572:
1896:
1817:
1290:
615:
529:
331:
The first Scrutiny took place on March 10 after a ceremonial reading of Julius II's bull against
288:
1083:
Lo Bello, Anthony (1982). "A Papal Conclave: Testing the Plausibility of a Historical Account".
2270:
581:
534:
340:
206:
to take part in the Conclave, nor to allow the Ecumenical Council any part in the proceedings.
1184:
1137:
1115:
760:
2250:
494:
295:
203:
167:
1680:
1085:
706:
8:
2582:
2384:
2372:
2208:
2192:
2144:
2128:
2112:
2096:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2045:
2038:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1940:
1933:
1926:
1919:
1912:
1873:
1866:
1845:
1838:
1824:
1796:
1789:
1736:
1729:
1722:
1715:
1708:
1701:
1694:
1687:
1673:
1666:
1659:
1652:
1645:
1638:
1631:
1624:
1617:
1596:
1589:
1568:
1554:
1512:
1505:
1498:
1491:
1484:
1477:
1470:
1463:
1442:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1414:
1407:
1400:
1393:
1386:
1379:
1372:
1365:
1358:
1351:
1344:
1337:
1330:
956:
849:
586:
504:
294:
The first several days were spent in the regular daily Congregations on the drafting of
211:
129:
554:
348:
2360:
1102:
576:
524:
479:
460:
238:
499:
2482:
1223:
970:
766:. Vol. Tomus I. Rome: Joannes Laurentius Barberini. pp. 310–318, at p. 314.
484:
450:
227:
79:
2465:
666:
1098:
1094:
564:
559:
445:
43:
39:
1217:
1019:
1250:
1206:
1195:
1189:. Vol. IV, part 1 (1513-1534). Freiburg im Breisgau: Herder. pp. 11–22.
1172:
1161:
1150:
1126:
979:
948:
843:
440:
370:
163:
61:
1259:
710:
630:
509:
1309:
608:
549:
544:
284:
277:
272:
257:
242:
187:
159:
401:
accompanied Medici to Rome for the conclave; Strozzi's brother (a disciple of
2546:
2240:
950:
Lettres du roi Louis XII et du cardinal Georges d'Amboise: depuis 1504 à 1514
473:
387:
336:
234:
802:
Volume primo (Roma: Pagliarini 1784), pp. 318-319. Gregorovius, p. 175.
222:
that the papabili were Riario, Fieschi and Luigi d'Aragona. The Cardinal
2260:
953:(in French and Latin). Vol. IV. Brusselles: Foppens. pp. 68–70.
2533:
260:
was a leading candidate in the Conclave. Riario, a former member of the
1166:. Vol. VIII, part 1. London: G. Bell & sons. pp. 175–195.
1106:
466:
402:
391:
186:
Most of the cardinals were already in Rome at the time of the death of
175:
115:
955:
A chart of the distribution of the votes was prepared by J. P. Adams,
2414:
2355:
365:
253:
2367:
2301:
De aliquis mutationibus in normis de electione Romani Pontificis
1211:. Vol. I. Paris: Librerie internationale. pp. 484–504.
351:. Riario received not a single vote—so much for the designation
332:
199:
717:
III, edition altera (Monasterii 1923), p. 4, column 2, note 1.
2390:
261:
283:
Twenty-five of the living thirty-one cardinals entered the
190:, on 21 February 1513. They had been participating in the
1204:
1131:(in Latin). Antwerp: Michael Knobbarus. pp. 149–150.
1113:
758:
572:
Six more cardinals did not participate in the conclave:
218:
The Imperial Ambassador, Alberto Pio de Carpi, wrote to
1194:
Pastor, Ludwig Freiherr von (1908). R. F. Kerr (ed.).
198:, forbidding the buying and selling of sacred things (
2344:
1170:
1144:. Vol. IV. London: Longmans, Green, and Company.
725:
723:
1200:. Vol. VII. London: Kegan Paul. pp. 15–34.
1120:(in Italian). Fiorenza: appresso Lorenzo Torrentino.
916:
prior Episcoporum, prior Cardinalium, prior Diaconum
875:
Volume primo (Roma: Pagliarini 1784), pp. 318-319.
828:
826:
436:
Twenty-five cardinals participated in the election:
720:
1289:
1252:The papal conclaves, as they were and as they are
823:
757:enclosed on 4 March at 22:00 hours, Rome time:
2544:
1222:. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society.
842:Luca Landucci (1883). Del Badia. Jodoco (ed.).
592:François Guillaume de Castelnau-Clermont-Ludève
358:
1205:Petruccelli della Gattina, Ferdinando (1864).
1163:History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages
1018:Gulik & Eubel, p. 13, n. 2. GCatholic,
778:Hierarchia catholica medii et recentioris aevi
715:Hierarchia catholica medii et recentioris aevi
1275:
946:
841:
780:III, edition altera (Monasterii 1923), p. 11.
1159:
1282:
1268:
1182:
1114:Giovio, Paolo; Lodovico Domenichi (1551).
301:the other conclavists wanted their share.
1152:The Life and Pontificate of Leo the Tenth
1135:
1124:
248:
1245:
1082:
252:
932:
930:
928:
883:
881:
2545:
1215:
1193:
1148:
747:Paolo Giovio, "Life of Leo X", p. 154.
1312:(1274–1276, 1294–present)
1263:
1236:
1219:The Papacy and the Levant (1204–1571)
181:
2397:
1138:"Chapter XVIII. Beginnings of Leo X"
994:
957:The First Scrutiny (March 10, 1513).
925:
878:
871:Papebroch, p. 150. Gaetano Marini,
431:
1208:Histoire diplomatique des conclaves
1171:Giovan Domenico Mansi, ed. (1902).
13:
845:Diario fiorentino dal 1450 al 1516
668:Cardinals at the V Lateran Council
408:
14:
2594:
759:Joannes Baptista Gattico (1753).
2525:
2508:
2491:
2474:
2457:
2440:
2423:
2406:
2378:
2366:
2354:
2328:
2327:
1241:. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
128:
1160:Gregorovius, Ferdinand (1902).
1064:
1055:
1046:
1037:
1028:
1012:
1003:
985:
972:Consistories of the XVI Century
962:
939:
908:
899:
890:
865:
856:
835:
814:
805:
792:
783:
770:
656:Pastor, Volume VI, pp. 433-436.
540:Antonio Maria Ciocchi del Monte
224:prior Cardinalium presbyterorum
1142:The Italian Princes, 1464-1518
1099:10.1080/0025570X.1985.11976989
750:
741:
732:
692:
683:
674:
659:
650:
116:Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici
90:Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici
1:
1291:Papal elections and conclaves
1183:von Ludwig, Freiherr (1906).
1076:
597:Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros
465:Giovanni de' Medici (elected
413:According to Valerie Pirie's
287:on Friday 4 March. Cardinal
158:, occasioned by the death of
1034:Trollope, 1876, pp. 183–184.
811:Petruccelli, p. 486 and 488.
699:Bernardino López de Carvajal
621:Bernardino López de Carvajal
602:Matthäus Lang von Wellenburg
515:Leonardo Grosso della Rovere
359:Reconsideration of positions
326:
178:on the morning of 11 March.
7:
1303:Papal selection before 1059
1216:Setton, Kenneth M. (1983).
1136:Creighton, Mandell (1887).
947:Jean Godefroy, ed. (1712).
520:Carlo Domenico del Carretto
472:Alessandro Farnese (future
426:
399:Filippo Strozzi the Younger
377:
10:
2599:
1125:Papebroch, Daniel (1685).
873:Degli archiatri pontificij
800:Degli archiatri pontificij
456:Marco Vigerio della Rovere
319:Among the conclavists was
2322:
2281:Romano Pontifici eligendo
2227:
1320:
1297:
1247:Trollope, Thomas Adolphus
1009:Petruccelli, pp. 493-494.
918:. He also speaks of the
384:unanimiter et concorditer
266:Palazzo della Cancelleria
136:
127:
113:
108:
100:
95:
85:
75:
67:
57:
52:
36:
31:
21:
2578:16th-century Catholicism
2553:1513 in the Papal States
2291:Universi Dominici gregis
1149:Roscoe, William (1888).
982:, retrieved: 2016-04-11.
671:. Retrieved: 2016-04-11.
644:
1000:Trollope, 1876, p. 183.
887:Trollope, 1876, p. 181.
848:(in Italian). Firenze:
616:Federico di Sanseverino
530:Sisto Gara della Rovere
297:Electoral Capitulations
289:Sisto Gara della Rovere
168:Lorenzo the Magnificent
164:Raffaele Sansoni Riario
2563:16th-century elections
2271:Ingravescentem aetatem
1025:Retrieved: 2016-04-11.
959:Retrieved: 2016-04-11.
582:Philippe de Luxembourg
535:Christopher Bainbridge
424:
269:
249:Sealed in the Conclave
230:, also had ambitions.
174:ruler of Florence, as
16:Election of Pope Leo X
2251:Aeterni Patris Filius
1860:October–December 1590
936:Roscoe, 1888, p. 297.
905:Setton, 1984, p. 143.
495:Francisco de Remolins
419:
256:
192:Fifth Lateran Council
1086:Mathematics Magazine
738:Petruccelli, p. 487.
729:Petruccelli, p. 486.
707:Federico Sanseverino
705:, Francesco Borgia,
40:Chapel of S. Nicolas
2393:1513 papal conclave
1070:Pirie, 1936, p. 49.
922:: Gattico, p. 315.
703:Guillaume Briçonnet
689:Mansi, pp. 768-773.
680:Mansi, pp. 762-763.
626:Guillaume Briçonnet
607:Four more had been
505:Adriano di Castello
268:to avoid execution.
212:Louis XII of France
156:1513 papal conclave
1237:Pirie, V. (1936).
1043:Pastor VII, p. 25.
978:2018-01-04 at the
862:Pastor VII, p. 20.
832:Papebroch, p. 150.
820:Papebroch, p. 149.
789:Pastor VII, p. 18.
525:Sigismondo Gonzaga
461:Francesco Soderini
397:Florentine banker
388:Alessandro Farnese
321:Giacomo di Brescia
270:
239:Francesco Soderini
182:Death of Julius II
32:Dates and location
2342:
2341:
798:Gaetano Marini,
641:
640:
451:Jaime Serra I Cau
339:. As the ranking
204:'Council of Pisa'
152:
151:
27:
2590:
2568:1513 in politics
2538:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2521:
2520:from Wikiversity
2513:
2512:
2511:
2504:
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2453:
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2443:
2436:
2428:
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2419:
2411:
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2409:
2399:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2371:
2370:
2359:
2358:
2350:
2335:
2331:
2330:
2315:
2311:Normas nonnullas
2305:
2295:
2285:
2275:
2265:
2255:
2245:
2218:
2211:
2202:
2195:
2186:
2179:
2170:
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1881:March–April 1605
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565:Alfonso Petrucci
560:Bandinello Sauli
555:Matthäus Schiner
446:Domenico Grimani
432:
415:The Triple Crown
349:Matthäus Schiner
262:Pazzi conspiracy
132:
44:Apostolic Palace
26:
19:
18:
2598:
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2558:Papal conclaves
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577:Ippolito d'Este
500:Niccolò Fieschi
480:Luigi d'Aragona
441:Raffaele Riario
429:
411:
409:Pirie's account
380:
371:Raffaele Riario
361:
341:cardinal-deacon
329:
251:
184:
148:
142:
119:
71:Raffaele Riario
62:Raffaele Riario
47:
38:
37:4–11 March 1513
25:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2596:
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2580:
2575:
2573:1513 in Europe
2570:
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2560:
2555:
2540:
2539:
2522:
2505:
2503:from Wikibooks
2488:
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2469:from Wikiquote
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2173:
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2171:
2157:
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2141:
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2125:
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2049:
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2035:
2028:
2021:
2014:
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1923:
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1853:September 1590
1849:
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1814:
1807:
1800:
1793:
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1744:September 1503
1740:
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1310:Papal conclave
1306:
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1294:
1287:
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1279:
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1264:
1258:
1257:
1243:
1234:
1228:
1213:
1202:
1191:
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1168:
1157:
1146:
1133:
1122:
1111:
1093:(4): 230–233.
1078:
1075:
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1063:
1054:
1045:
1036:
1027:
1011:
1002:
993:
984:
961:
938:
924:
907:
898:
889:
877:
864:
855:
852:. p. 338.
834:
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769:
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691:
682:
673:
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623:
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609:excommunicated
605:
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584:
579:
569:
568:
567:
562:
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550:Achille Grassi
547:
545:Pietro Accolti
542:
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345:prior Diaconum
328:
325:
311:A copy of the
278:Pope Sixtus IV
273:Pope Julius II
258:Rafaele Riario
250:
247:
196:Cum tam divino
188:Pope Julius II
183:
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160:Pope Julius II
150:
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34:
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29:
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22:Papal conclave
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2595:
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2550:
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2537:from Wikidata
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2518:
2506:
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2241:Ubi periculum
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2026:
2022:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1994:
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1458:
1457:December 1187
1454:
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1339:
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1328:
1327:
1325:
1321:Elections and
1319:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1292:
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1278:
1273:
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931:
929:
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917:
911:
902:
893:
884:
882:
874:
868:
859:
851:
850:G. C. Sansoni
847:
846:
838:
829:
827:
817:
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801:
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786:
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773:
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764:
753:
744:
735:
726:
724:
716:
712:
708:
704:
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695:
686:
677:
670:
669:
665:J. P. Adams,
662:
653:
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629:
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619:
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541:
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531:
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526:
523:
521:
518:
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503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
490:Marco Cornaro
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
475:
474:Pope Paul III
471:
468:
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462:
459:
457:
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395:
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389:
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375:
372:
368:
367:
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
337:Pope Paul III
334:
324:
322:
317:
314:
313:Capitulations
309:
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286:
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107:
103:
99:
94:
91:
88:
84:
81:
78:
74:
70:
66:
63:
60:
56:
53:Key officials
51:
45:
41:
35:
30:
20:
2532:
2515:
2498:
2481:
2464:
2447:
2435:from Commons
2430:
2413:
2392:
2385:Vatican City
2373:Christianity
2309:
2299:
2289:
2279:
2269:
2259:
2249:
2239:
2177:October 1978
1775:
1760:October 1503
1534:January 1276
1450:October 1187
1251:
1238:
1218:
1207:
1196:
1185:
1173:
1162:
1151:
1141:
1127:
1116:
1090:
1084:
1066:
1057:
1048:
1039:
1030:
1020:
1014:
1005:
996:
987:
971:
964:
949:
941:
919:
915:
910:
901:
892:
872:
867:
858:
844:
837:
816:
807:
799:
794:
785:
777:
772:
761:
752:
743:
734:
714:
711:René de Prie
694:
685:
676:
667:
661:
652:
635:
631:René de Prie
606:
571:
510:Robert Guibé
485:Tamás Bakócz
435:
420:
414:
412:
396:
383:
381:
364:
362:
352:
344:
330:
318:
312:
310:
305:
303:
296:
293:
282:
271:
235:anal fistula
232:
228:Tamás Bakócz
223:
220:Maximilian I
217:
208:
195:
185:
171:
155:
153:
140:October 1503
121:
120:Name taken:
114:
109:Elected pope
80:Tamás Bakócz
2415:Definitions
2361:Catholicism
2261:Cum proxime
2161:August 1978
215:cardinals.
86:Protodeacon
76:Protopriest
2583:Pope Leo X
2547:Categories
2466:Quotations
2232:(selected)
1811:April 1555
1229:0871691140
1077:References
1021:Pope Leo X
467:Pope Leo X
403:Savonarola
392:papal name
176:Pope Leo X
68:Camerlengo
42:, Vatican
24:March 1513
2517:Resources
2500:Textbooks
2230:documents
2228:Governing
2053:1830–1831
2032:1799–1800
2025:1774–1775
1948:1669–1670
1832:1565–1566
1804:1549–1550
1783:1521–1522
1611:1314–1316
1604:1304–1305
1583:1292–1294
1576:1287–1288
1562:1280–1281
1541:July 1276
1527:1268–1271
1520:1264–1265
1323:conclaves
327:Balloting
2333:Category
2216:electors
2200:electors
2184:electors
2168:electors
2152:electors
2136:electors
2120:electors
2104:electors
2088:electors
1904:electors
1897:May 1605
1888:electors
1818:May 1555
1767:electors
1751:electors
1249:(1876).
1175:absoluta
976:Archived
427:Electors
417:(1936):
378:Election
366:papabile
353:papabile
306:libellus
285:conclave
243:Soderini
172:de facto
170:and the
96:Election
2347:Portals
1107:2690165
763:Gattico
147: →
145:1521–22
138:←
101:Ballots
2314:(2013)
2304:(2007)
2294:(1996)
2284:(1975)
2274:(1970)
2264:(1922)
2254:(1621)
2244:(1274)
1226:
1105:
709:, and
636:
333:simony
200:simony
2483:Texts
2432:Media
1103:JSTOR
645:Notes
122:Leo X
2534:Data
2449:News
2209:2013
2193:2005
2145:1963
2129:1958
2113:1939
2097:1922
2081:1914
2074:1903
2067:1878
2060:1846
2046:1829
2039:1823
2018:1769
2011:1758
2004:1740
1997:1730
1990:1724
1983:1721
1976:1700
1969:1691
1962:1689
1955:1676
1941:1667
1934:1655
1927:1644
1920:1623
1913:1621
1874:1592
1867:1591
1846:1585
1839:1572
1825:1559
1797:1534
1790:1523
1776:1513
1737:1492
1730:1484
1723:1471
1716:1464
1709:1458
1702:1455
1695:1447
1688:1431
1681:1417
1674:1406
1667:1404
1660:1389
1653:1378
1646:1370
1639:1362
1632:1352
1625:1342
1618:1334
1597:1303
1590:1294
1569:1285
1555:1277
1513:1261
1506:1254
1499:1243
1492:1241
1485:1227
1478:1216
1471:1198
1464:1191
1443:1185
1436:1181
1429:1159
1422:1154
1415:1153
1408:1145
1401:1144
1394:1143
1387:1130
1380:1124
1373:1119
1366:1118
1359:1099
1352:1088
1345:1086
1338:1073
1331:1061
1224:ISBN
154:The
58:Dean
48:Rome
1095:doi
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1091:55
1089:.
927:^
880:^
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343:,
280:.
226:,
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1276:t
1269:v
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104:2
46:,
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