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local communities. In addition, several men who had been enslaved in nearby
Choctaw Nation, heard about the opportunity to join and slipped into Arkansas and joined the 11th US Colored Infantry. Companies A, B, C and D were mustered into the service of the Union army on December 19, 1863, at Fort Smith, with Company E to follow on March 3, 1864.
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The 11th United States
Colored Infantry was attached to 2nd Brigade, District of the Frontier, 7th Corps, Dept. of Arkansas, until January, 1865 and then attached to the Colored Brigade, 7th Corps, to February, 1865. 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, 7th Corps, to April, 1865. The unit was first assigned to
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The 11th
Regiment, United States Colored Troops was recruited out of Fort Smith in the fall and winter of 1863–64, shortly after the Union had recaptured the post from Confederate forces. The unit was recruited from former slaves from Ft. Smith, Van Buren, Dripping Springs, Kibler, Alma and other
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seized the mill, located twelve miles from
Dardanelle in Yell County, in order to grind flour. Lieutenant Colonel James M. Steele, leading the 11th USCT, surprised the Confederate force, capturing eighteen horses and twenty stands of arms, as well as all of the flour and Newton’s papers. The
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post and garrison duty at Fort Smith. They spent most of their time drilling and performing routine duties such as working on the earthwork fortifications that surrounded the town of Fort Smith, serving as guards, and participating in any formal dress parades.
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The unit remained at the Ft. Smith post until
November 1864 when they were moved eastward to Lewisburg, in Conway County, Arkansas. The 11th saw action again at Boggs's Mill on January 24, 1865. On the night of the January 24, a detachment of Colonel
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Angela Y. Walton-Raji, "Ft. Smith's Black Civil War
Regiment, The 11th U.S. Colored Infantry", Arkansas Freedmen of the Frontier, Ft. Smith's Black History Site, Accessed 25 November 2013,
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Robertson, Brian K. “‘Will They Fight? Ask the Enemy’: United States
Colored Troops at Big Creek, Arkansas, July 26, 1864.” Arkansas Historical Quarterly 66 (Autumn 2007): 320–332.
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11th. United States
Colored Infantry Materials. Butler Center for Arkansas Studies. Central Arkansas Library System, Little Rock, Arkansas. Finding aid online at
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Christ, Mark K., ed. “All Cut to Pieces and Gone to Hell”: The Civil War, Race
Relations, and the Battle of Poison Spring. Little Rock: August House, 2003.
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Urwin, Gregory J. W. Black Flag over Dixie: Racial
Atrocities and Reprisals in the Civil War. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2005.
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Steven L. Warren, "Eleventh Regiment, United States Colored Troops", The Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture, Accessed 25 November 2013
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Nichols, Ronnie A. “Emancipation of Black Union Soldiers in Little Rock, 1863–1865.” Pulaski County Historical Review 61 (Fall 2013): 76–85.
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It was in the summer of 1864 that the unit saw its first real military action. In mid-July of that year, the five companies of the 11th
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Burkhart, George S. Confederate Rage, Yankee Wrath: No Quarter in the Civil War. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2007.
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Glatthaar, Joseph T. Forged in Battle: The Civil War Alliance of Black Soldiers and White Officers. New York: Free Press, 1990.
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Fort Smith's United States Colored Troops, Fort Smith National Historic Site, National Park Service, Access 25 November 2013,
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This article is about the regiment raised in Arkansas. For the regiment raised in Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee, see
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Desmond Walls Allen, ARKANSAS DAMNED YANKEES: An Index to Union Soldiers in Arkansas Regiments, Arkansas Research, Inc.
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to form the new 113th U.S. Colored Troops on April 22, 1865. They were mustered out a year later, on April 9, 1866.
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In late April 1865, after the surrender of Lee's army in Virginia, the unit was officially consolidated with the
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Trudeau, Noah Andre. Like Men of War: Black Troops in the Civil War 1862–1865. Boston: Back Bay Books, 1999.
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Hargrove, Hondon B. Black Union Soldiers in the Civil War. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 2003.
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The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies
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Lause, Mark A. Race and Radicalism in the Union Army. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2009.
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regiment then returned to garrison duty at both Little Rock and Lewisburg until April, 1865.
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The Arkansas History Commission, State Archives, Civil War in Arkansas
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enlisted men commanded by white officers and was authorized by the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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United States Colored Troops Civil War units and formations
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Freedom by the Sword: The U.S. Colored Troops, 1862-1867
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1st Battery, Arkansas Light Artillery (African Descent)
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Military units and formations disestablished in 1865
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Units and formations of the Union Army from Arkansas
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List of United States Colored Troops Civil War Units
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479:Military units and formations established in 1863
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292:http://www.african-nativeamerican.com/11th.html
262:Lists of American Civil War Regiments by State
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114:113th United States Colored Infantry
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