459:, utilized a ladder-sight system with 100-yard (91 m) increments, using steps from 100 to 400 yards (91–366 m) and a flip-up ladder for ranges beyond 500 yards (460 m). While the Enfield's sights did allow more precise sighting, the simple flip-up leaves found on the Model 1861 were more rugged and were less expensive to produce. The Enfield's sights also extended to 900 yards (820 m) (and further, on later models), compared to the 500-yard (460 m) maximum range of the Model 1861's sights, but for the average infantryman hitting anything beyond 600 yards (550 m) with either weapon was mostly a matter of luck. While the sight designs were very different, the two weapons were otherwise very similar, and had very similar effective ranges.
370:
362:
42:
535:
experienced marksman, the rifled musket's accuracy was often lost in the hands of recruits who received only limited marksmanship training (the emphasis was on rate of fire). Further, most Civil War firefights were waged at a relatively close range using massed-fire tactics, minimizing the effect of the new rifled musket's long-range accuracy. Lastly, the .58 caliber bullet, when fired, followed a high parabolic trajectory. As a result, many inexperienced soldiers who did not adjust their sights would shoot over their enemies' heads in combat. There are numerous accounts of this happening in the war's earlier
354:
534:
rifle were issued to riflemen rather than the infantry as a whole and production and issuance of the Model 1855 prior to the war had been limited by comparison to the Model 1855). However, some argue that its impact on the Civil War has been overstated. While more accurate in the hands of an
446:
for the Model 1861 (the
Maynard primer, a self-feeding primer system, was unreliable in damp conditions, and the priming mechanism was expensive and time-consuming to produce). Further, unlike the Model 1855, the Model 1861 was never produced in a two-banded rifle configuration.
450:
The Model 1861 was aimed using flip-up leaf sights. The sight had two leaves, one for 300 yards (270 m) and the other for 500 yards (460 m), and with both leaves down, the sight was set for a range of 100 yards (91 m). By contrast, the
British
419:, and the total weight was approximately 9 pounds (4.1 kg). The Model 1861 had a general effective range of 200 to 400 yards (180–370 m) but could reliably hit man-sized targets out to 500 yards (460 m) when used by marksmen, and used
435:). Well-trained troops were able to fire at a rate of three aimed shots per minute while maintaining accuracy up to 500 yards (460 m), though firing distances in the war were often much shorter.
539:. With this in mind, soldiers were often instructed to aim low. Due to the width of the front sight on the Model 1861 Special the only bayonet that would fit was the Collins manufactured bayonet.
504:
flintlock muskets converted to percussion cap primers due to better reliability and weather resistance, both in .69 caliber). It is unlikely that any of these were available for use in the
516:. Over 1,000,000 Model 1861 rifled muskets were produced, with the Springfield Armory increasing its production during the war by contracting out to twenty other firms in the
995:
469:
Overwhelmed by the demand, the armory opened its weapons patterns up to twenty independent contractors. The most notable producer of contract Model 1861 rifled muskets was
1847:
1645:
970:
955:
1660:
1635:
473:, who made several minor design changes in their version, the "Colt Special" rifled musket. These changes included redesigned barrel bands, a new
159:
570:
and collectors alike for its accuracy, reliability and historical background. Original antique
Springfields are expensive, so companies such as
1564:
456:
1078:
1018:
523:
The number of Model 1861 rifled muskets produced by the
Springfield Armory was 265,129 between January 1, 1861 and December 31, 1863.
1584:
1579:
916:
513:
509:
850:"The .58 and .50 Caliber Rifles and Carbines of The Springfield Armory, 1865-1872", Richard A. Hosmer, North Cape Publications 2006
1374:
432:
1334:
860:
478:
137:
907:
756:
652:
1458:
1842:
1223:
1198:
542:
With the introduction of modern brass ammunition after the war, the Model 1861 served as the starting point for several
1837:
1143:
536:
1073:
1053:
1023:
965:
801:"Civil War Weapons and Equipment" by Russ A. Pritchard, Jr., Russ A. Pritchard Jr., Published by Globe Pequot, 2003
373:
174:
17:
530:
shoulder weapon adopted and widely issued as the primary infantry weapon (earlier U.S. martial rifles such as the
1013:
975:
947:
470:
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1243:
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835:
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1354:
698:
House
Documents, Otherwise Publ. as Executive Documents: 13th Congress, 2d Session-49th Congress, 1st Session
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1504:
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The Model 1861 was relatively scarce in the early years of the Civil War (many troops were still using
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1607:
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undersized to reduce the effects of powder fouling and for the skirt to grip the grooves when firing
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1832:
1602:
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began receiving Model 1861 rifled muskets, though this upgrade appeared somewhat quicker in the
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1176:
1048:
1033:
716:
696:
642:
543:
546:, most of which were converted Model 1861 and Model 1863 rifled muskets, culminating in the
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1238:
1123:
1093:
1063:
893:
567:
551:
452:
259:
114:
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745:
Knapp, George (2001). "Rifled Musket, Springfield, Model 1861". In Jerold E. Brown (ed.).
8:
1786:
1419:
1118:
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1088:
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shoulder weapon during the Civil War, favored for its range, accuracy, and reliability.
1527:
1517:
1248:
1156:
932:
592:
463:
396:
392:
155:
109:
93:
1330:
Sharps M1848, M1850, M1851, M1852, M1853, M1855, M1859, M1863, M1865 carbine and rifle
1685:
1364:
1359:
1349:
831:
782:
752:
648:
587:
501:
399:. Commonly referred to as the "Springfield" (after its original place of production,
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885:
477:, and a redesigned bolster. Several of these changes were eventually adopted by the
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Houze, Herbert G.; Cooper, Carolyn C.; Kornhauser, Elizabeth Mankin (2006-01-01).
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669:"Guns for Billy Yank: The Armory in Windsor Meets the Challenge of Civil War"
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The Model 1861 was a step forward in U.S. small arms design, being the first
423:
which were much more reliable and weather resistant to fire (rather than the
388:
62:
52:
1791:
416:
268:
1713:
1708:
1698:
1636:
James 24-pounder M1839, 32-pounder M1829 and 42-pounder M1841 rifled cannon
1537:
1329:
1290:
1285:
337:
298:
1661:
Parrott 30-pounder, 100-pounder, 200-pounder and 300-pounder rifled cannon
1512:
1043:
942:
578:
and Euro Arms make modern reproductions at much more affordable prices.
1737:
1718:
497:
404:
243:
1781:
1756:
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1703:
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1631:(also known as James 6-pounder M1861 or 3.8-inch M1861 rifled cannon)
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1083:
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353:
438:
The most notable difference between the Model 1861 and the earlier
415:
The barrel was 40 inches (100 cm) long, firing a .58 caliber
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937:
527:
276:
313:
1,000 ft/s (300 m/s) to 1,400 ft/s (430 m/s)
1806:
1186:
428:
1286:
Joslyn M1855, M1861, M1862, M1864, M1865 carbine and rifle
485:
which was a slightly improved version of the Model 1861.
915:
640:
1565:
8-inch M1841, 10-inch M1841 and 13-inch M1861 mortar
357:
Springfield Model 1861 "Colt
Special" rifled musket
376:(L.G & Y.), Springfield Model 1861, built 1864
550:and its successors which would serve through the
1819:
1345:Spencer M1860, M1865 repeating carbine and rifle
303:User dependent; usually 2 to 3 rounds per minute
901:
427:of the 18th century; the last U.S. flintlock
1848:Weapons of the Confederate States of America
1019:Allen & Thurber M1837 revolver pepperbox
971:M1850 army staff & field officer's sword
740:
738:
736:
462:The Model 1861 cost around $ 15 each at the
160:Colt's Patent Firearms Manufacturing Company
751:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 401.
566:The Model 1861 is very popular today among
558:actions until the end of the 19th century.
1084:Deringer M1825 Philadelphia caplock pistol
956:M1840 army noncommissioned officer's sword
908:
894:
813:United States Muskets, Rifles and Carbines
1172:Wesson and Leavitt M1850 Dragoon revolver
1129:Remington M1860 Elliot revolver pepperbox
733:
481:and incorporated into its successor, the
810:
368:
360:
352:
329:800 to 1,000 yd (730 to 910 m)
1034:Butterfield M1855 transitional revolver
779:An Introduction to Civil War Small Arms
14:
1820:
1656:Parrott 20-pounder M1861 rifled cannon
1651:Parrott 10-pounder M1861 rifled cannon
1608:12-pounder M1857 Napoleon field cannon
776:
748:Historical Dictionary of the U.S. Army
695:House, United States Congress (1862).
479:United States Army Ordnance Department
321:200 to 400 yd (180 to 370 m)
138:United States Army Ordnance Department
1505:Billinghurst Requa Battery volley gun
1224:Colt M1855 revolver carbine and rifle
889:
744:
694:
644:Samuel Colt: Arms, Art, and Invention
1628:James 14-pounder M1861 rifled cannon
1094:Harpers Ferry M1836 and M1842 pistol
996:USMC noncommissioned officer's sword
825:
772:
770:
768:
714:
710:
708:
508:. However, over time, more and more
1641:Ordnance 3-inch M1861 rifled cannon
1144:Smith & Wesson Model No. 2 Army
1024:Allen & Wheelock M1861 revolver
24:
1724:Whitworth 70-pounder rifled cannon
1671:Whitworth 12-pounder rifled cannon
1603:12-pounder M1841 mountain howitzer
1335:Sharps & Hankins M1862 carbine
1219:Charleville M1816 and M1822 musket
1089:Elgin M1838 cutlass caplock pistol
717:"The '61 Springfield Rifle Musket"
715:Lord, Dr Francis A. (2017-08-03).
466:where they were officially made.
25:
1859:
1148:Spiller & Burr M1861 revolver
917:Weapons of the American Civil War
881:
828:Weapons of the American Civil War
765:
705:
1134:Savage-North M1861 Navy revolver
318:Effective firing range
40:
1646:Ordnance 4.5-inch rifled cannon
1400:Springfield M1863 rifled musket
1395:Springfield M1861 rifled musket
1390:Springfield M1855 rifled musket
1209:Brunswick P1836 and P1841 rifle
1162:Volcanic M1855 repeating pistol
853:
844:
561:
403:). It was the most widely used
1570:Coehorn 5.82-inch M1841 mortar
1420:Wesson M1859 carbine and rifle
1415:Volcanic M1855 repeating rifle
1152:Starr M1858 and M1863 revolver
819:
804:
795:
688:
661:
634:
365:Colt Model 1861 Special Musket
326:Maximum firing range
203:
167:Amoskeag Manufacturing Company
13:
1:
1029:Beaumont–Adams M1862 revolver
627:
576:Chiappa Firearms (Armi Sport)
514:Eastern Theater of Operations
1593:6-pounder M1841 field cannon
1513:Gatling I and II machine gun
1325:Richmond M1861 rifled musket
1039:Colt M1836 Paterson revolver
7:
1385:Springfield M1847 musketoon
1274:Henry M1860 repeating rifle
1239:Enfield P1853 rifled musket
1234:Deringer M1817 Common rifle
1229:Deringer M1814 Common rifle
1049:Colt M1848 Dragoon revolver
976:M1852 naval officer's sword
966:M1840 light artillery saber
581:
442:was the elimination of the
410:
182:Various private contractors
171:Eagle Manufacturing Company
10:
1864:
1843:American Civil War weapons
1291:Lorenz M1854 rifled musket
1139:Smith & Wesson Model 1
1074:Colt M1862 Police revolver
1054:Colt M1849 Pocket revolver
1044:Colt M1847 Walker revolver
948:M1832 foot artillery sword
488:
401:Springfield, Massachusetts
374:Lamson, Goodnow & Yale
249:40 in (1,000 mm)
238:56 in (1,400 mm)
175:Lamson, Goodnow & Yale
1838:American Civil War rifles
1736:
1679:
1618:32-pounder M1844 howitzer
1613:24-pounder M1841 howitzer
1598:12-pounder M1841 howitzer
1578:
1555:
1546:
1490:
1433:
1185:
1109:Lefaucheux M1858 revolver
1104:Lefaucheux M1854 revolver
1004:
986:M1860 light cavalry saber
923:
811:Gluckman, Arcadi (1948).
647:. Yale University Press.
615:
610:United States Army rifle
608:
600:
572:Davide Pedersoli & C.
343:
333:
325:
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297:
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178:Alfred Jenkins & Sons
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102:
81:
73:
68:
59:Place of origin
58:
48:
39:
32:
1694:Bomford Columbiad cannon
1380:Springfield M1842 musket
1375:Springfield M1840 musket
1370:Springfield M1835 musket
1365:Springfield M1822 musket
1360:Springfield M1816 musket
1355:Springfield M1812 musket
1350:Springfield M1795 musket
1269:Harper Ferry M1803 rifle
1264:Hall-North M1843 carbine
1249:Fayetteville M1862 rifle
1124:Remington M1858 revolver
1079:Colt Root M1855 revolver
1069:Colt M1861 Navy revolver
1064:Colt M1860 Army revolver
1059:Colt M1851 Navy revolver
777:Coates, Earl J. (1990).
532:Harpers Ferry Model 1803
506:First Battle of Bull Run
1719:Rodman Columbiad cannon
1454:Double-barreled shotgun
1306:Mississippi M1841 rifle
1244:Enfield P1861 musketoon
230:9 lb (4.1 kg)
163:Providence Tool Company
34:Springfield Model 1861
1254:Gallager M1861 carbine
1214:Burnside M1855 carbine
1177:Whitney M1857 revolver
1157:Tranter M1856 revolver
619:Springfield Model 1866
604:Springfield Model 1855
548:Springfield Model 1873
502:Springfield Model 1816
495:Springfield Model 1842
483:Springfield Model 1863
440:Springfield Model 1855
433:Springfield Model 1840
382:Springfield Model 1861
377:
366:
358:
299:Rate of fire
1623:Blakely rifled cannon
1533:Vandenberg volley gun
1425:Whitworth P1857 rifle
1410:Tarpley M1863 carbine
1301:Merrill M1858 carbine
1296:Maynard M1851 carbine
1199:Augustin M1842 musket
865:Taylors & Company
826:Hogg, Ian V. (1987).
372:
364:
356:
1828:Springfield firearms
1699:Brooke rifled cannon
1666:Pate revolver cannon
1538:Williams machine gun
1523:Pate revolver cannon
1459:Hale rocket launcher
1320:Potzdam M1831 musket
1167:Walch M1859 revolver
1119:Moore M1864 revolver
1114:LeMat M1856 revolver
1014:Adams M1851 revolver
568:Civil War reenactors
457:Confederate military
453:Enfield Pattern 1853
309:Muzzle velocity
115:American Indian Wars
1787:Maynard tape primer
1509:Claxton machine gun
1405:Starr M1858 carbine
1340:Smith M1857 carbine
1204:Ballard M1861 rifle
1099:Kerr M1855 revolver
961:M1840 cavalry saber
952:M1833 dragoon saber
861:"Civil War Muskets"
676:Vermonthistory.org/
444:Maynard tape primer
1528:Ripley machine gun
1518:Gorgas machine gun
1492:Rapid fire weapons
933:Arkansas toothpick
593:Springfield musket
464:Springfield Armory
397:American Civil War
393:United States Army
378:
367:
359:
180:Starr Arms Company
156:Springfield Armory
129:Production history
110:American Civil War
94:Confederate States
1815:
1814:
1732:
1731:
1686:Coastal artillery
1632:
758:978-0-313-29322-1
654:978-0-300-11133-0
625:
624:
616:Succeeded by
588:Springfield rifle
455:, favored by the
351:
350:
16:(Redirected from
1855:
1704:Carronade cannon
1630:
1553:
1552:
1500:Ager machine gun
1482:Winans Steam Gun
1311:P1839 and P1842
1259:Hall M1819 rifle
910:
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781:. Thomas Pubns.
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334:Feed system
281:.58 (14.7320 mm)
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18:1861 Springfield
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1797:Paper cartridge
1777:Friction primer
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1714:Paixhans cannon
1709:Dahlgren cannon
1684:
1675:
1585:Siege artillery
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1574:
1542:
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1464:Ketchum Grenade
1449:Congreve rocket
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830:. Bison Books.
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815:. O.Ulbrich co.
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265:Paper cartridge
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74:In service
69:Service history
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222:Specifications
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217:"Colt Special"
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190:$ 14.93 (1861)
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187:Unit cost
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122:
120:Paraguayan War
117:
112:
106:
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91:
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83:
79:
78:
75:
71:
70:
66:
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56:
55:
50:
46:
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37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1860:
1849:
1846:
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1836:
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1826:
1825:
1823:
1808:
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1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1772:Canister shot
1770:
1768:
1767:Buck and ball
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1745:and equipment
1743:
1739:
1735:
1725:
1722:
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1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:Rains grenade
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
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1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:Adams grenade
1439:
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1434:Other weapons
1432:
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1423:
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1413:
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1022:
1020:
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1011:
1009:
1007:
1003:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
981:M1860 cutlass
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
930:
928:
926:
925:Edged weapons
922:
918:
911:
906:
904:
899:
897:
892:
891:
888:
866:
862:
856:
847:
839:
833:
829:
822:
814:
807:
798:
790:
784:
780:
773:
771:
769:
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754:
750:
749:
741:
739:
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722:
718:
711:
709:
700:
699:
691:
677:
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664:
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650:
646:
645:
637:
633:
620:
611:
605:
599:
594:
591:
589:
586:
585:
579:
577:
573:
569:
559:
557:
556:U.S. military
553:
549:
545:
544:breechloaders
540:
538:
533:
529:
524:
521:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
496:
486:
484:
480:
476:
472:
467:
465:
460:
458:
454:
448:
445:
441:
436:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
408:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
389:rifled musket
387:
383:
375:
371:
363:
355:
346:
342:
339:
338:Muzzle-loaded
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
310:
306:
302:
300:
296:
293:
290:
288:
284:
280:
278:
274:
270:
266:
263:
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257:
252:
248:
245:
241:
237:
233:
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220:
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208:
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176:
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161:
157:
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150:
146:
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132:
127:
121:
118:
116:
113:
111:
108:
107:
105:
101:
95:
92:
90:
89:United States
87:
86:
84:
80:
76:
72:
67:
64:
63:United States
61:
57:
54:
53:Rifled musket
51:
47:
43:
38:
31:
27:Rifled musket
19:
1394:
1312:
1279:
1278:Jenks M1841
868:. Retrieved
864:
855:
846:
827:
821:
812:
806:
797:
778:
747:
724:. Retrieved
720:
697:
690:
679:. Retrieved
675:
663:
643:
636:
609:
565:
562:Modern usage
541:
525:
522:
500:muskets and
492:
468:
461:
449:
437:
414:
391:used by the
381:
379:
246: length
209:c. 1,000,000
152:Manufacturer
82:Used by
943:Bowie knife
552:Indian Wars
395:during the
347:Iron sights
206: built
1822:Categories
1792:Minié ball
1742:cartridges
1738:Ammunition
1313:Brown Bess
870:2021-08-21
837:0861243803
788:0939631253
726:2021-05-09
721:HistoryNet
681:2022-09-26
628:References
613:1861-1866
498:smoothbore
425:flintlocks
417:Minié ball
405:Union Army
386:Minié-type
269:Minié ball
1782:Gunpowder
1757:.44 Henry
1752:.22 Short
1548:Artillery
1444:Coach gun
510:regiments
260:Cartridge
198:1861–1865
77:1861–1865
1477:Sea mine
1280:Mule ear
1006:Sidearms
582:See also
554:and all
431:was the
411:Overview
214:Variants
195:Produced
144:Designed
134:Designer
1557:Mortars
1282:carbine
1191:muskets
938:Bayonet
537:battles
489:History
277:Caliber
1807:Ramrod
1315:musket
1187:Rifles
834:
785:
755:
651:
528:rifled
475:hammer
429:musket
384:was a
344:Sights
287:Action
244:Barrel
235:Length
1681:Naval
1580:Field
672:(PDF)
518:Union
1189:and
832:ISBN
783:ISBN
753:ISBN
649:ISBN
471:Colt
380:The
227:Mass
147:1861
103:Wars
49:Type
1683:and
1582:and
520:.
204:No.
1824::
1740:,
863:.
767:^
735:^
719:.
707:^
674:.
574:,
267:,
909:e
902:t
895:v
873:.
840:.
791:.
761:.
729:.
701:.
684:.
657:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
