664:), who oversaw the operations against Wang Xianzhi, but Zheng, believing that, because of a pre-existing rivalry between Zhang and Song, that Song would find an excuse to have Zhang killed if Zhang came under Song's command, refused to endorse the petition that Wang Duo and Lu drafted. The dispute became so great that Wang Duo and Lu offered to resign, and Zheng offered to retire. Emperor Xizong did not approve any of these resignations. (The disagreement between Zheng and Lu was despite the fact that they were cousins, as their mothers were sisters to each other, both daughters of the official Li Ao (
256:, Zheng remained resolutely loyal to the dynasty and was tasked by the emperor with rallying loyalist resistance in the capital region. Relying on his personal wealth, he organized a viable fighting force at Fengxiang Circuit and inflicted a surprise defeat on rebel forces sent to subdue him. Zheng subsequently participated in an unsuccessful military operation to retake the capital and, following a mutiny, rejoined the emperor in Chengdu and was made a chancellor once again. He was forced into retirement in 883, following disputes with the influential court eunuch
817:), provoked the soldiers and led them to return to Fengxiang in order to attack Zheng. Zheng, not wanting to see a battle between Tang soldiers, surrendered the city to Li Changyan, and fled south toward Chengdu as well. Once he reached Feng Prefecture (鳳州, in modern Baoji), he submitted a report to Emperor Xizong explaining what had occurred and offering to resign. Emperor Xizong made Li Changyan the military governor of Fengxiang, while making Zheng an advisor to the Crown Prince, with his office at Luoyang.
751:(i.e., to pardon Zheng and the Fengxiang forces for resisting him). Zheng refused to meet with Huang's emissaries, and instead entered a pledge with the soldiers to defend Tang. At that time, many of the imperial guard soldiers could not catch up with Emperor Xizong on his flight to Chengdu, and Zheng summoned them to Fengxiang to have them join his army, spending his own personal wealth to placate them. When Huang further sent his general Wang Hui (
240:. Zheng secured influential court postings during Liu's brief tenure as chancellor, earning a reputation as a talented edict drafter and military strategist. He remained loyal to Liu when the latter fell from power and was in turn banished from court, but was rehabilitated during the reign of Emperor Xizong and made a chancellor in 874. Although Zheng enjoyed the young emperor's respect, he was marginalized at court by his cousin and fellow chancellor
858:) promoted and Chen's desire to receive greater honors than chancellors. Tian Lingzi and Chen thus instigated Li Changyan into submitting a petition that stated, "The soldiers are apprehensive. Therefore, when Your Imperial Majesty goes through Fengxiang, Zheng Tian should not follow." Zheng thus submitted his resignation. He was thus removed from his chancellor post and made a senior advisor to the Crown Prince. His son Zheng Ningji (
637:), who served as Wei's deputy in Wei's role as the commander of the Lingnan East army, requested to be made the commander of the Lingnan East army and offered the imperial treasury a large amount of tax supplies. Zheng pointed out the absurdity—that Wang was proposing to replace Wei despite Wei's contributions by offering money. As a result, Wang was removed from his office. Thereafter, Zheng was created the Marquess of Xingyang.
747:), Zheng intercepted him and begged him not to leave Chang'an's vicinity, requesting that he go to Fengxiang instead. However, Emperor Xizong, apprehensive of further attacks from Huang, refused, and told Zheng that he would entrust Zheng with the responsibilities of defending against further attacks by Huang. At Zheng's request, Emperor Xizong further authorized him to carry out actions without first seeking imperial approval.
22:
1244:
374:), and Zheng Tian followed his father to Gui Prefecture, where Zheng Ya would die, probably around 849. (This chronology appeared to make it more likely that Zheng Tian was born in 825 or later, as he would have been 22 in 851 if born in 825, whereas he would already be 26 if born in 821.) As, during Emperor Xuānzong's reign, the court scene was dominated by the chancellor
841:)), giving him the most key responsibilities over the military matters. It was said that despite the imperial government's exile status, Zheng insisted on proper adherence to regulations—such that, by 883, by which time Huang had again abandoned Chang'an and Emperor Xizong was preparing to return to Chang'an, Zheng had offended the powerful
438:), which the ministry of public works belonged to, was a follower of Linghu's, and he prevented Zheng Tian from actually taking office by making false accusations against Zheng Tian, and Zheng Tian left Chang'an again to serve on a governor staff (possibly under Liu). Not until 864 was Zheng Tian again recalled to Chang'an to serve as
780:), and they dealt the Qi forces a major defeat at Longwei Slope (龍尾陂, in modern Baoji). Zheng subsequently issued a declaration calling for the armies of the entire empire to attack Qi. It was said that it was only because of Zheng's declaration that the people of the empire found out that Emperor Xizong was still alive.
617:)) were supplied with food supplies from five circuits to the north, and the supplies had to be shipped by sea ships, which were frequently wrecked at great loss of life and resources. At Zheng's suggestion, the imperial control over the salt and iron monopolies in the region was transferred to Wei He (
750:
Meanwhile, though, when Zheng returned to
Fengxiang, the Fengxiang army was fearful of an attack by Huang, and thus there were murmurs that Zheng should submit to Huang. Huang, who had declared himself the emperor of a new state of Qi, further sent emissaries to Fengxiang to declare a general pardon
801:
converging on Chang'an, Huang abandoned it. However, after Tang forces entered Chang'an, they began pillaging the capital, such that they became bogged down. Qi forces then counterattacked, killing Cheng and Tang Hongfu, and dealing the other Tang forces major losses. Tang forces were forced to
691:
onto the ground, breaking it. When
Emperor Xizong heard about this, he commented, "When the great officials curse each other like this, how can they govern the other officials?" As a result, both Zheng and Lu were removed from their chancellor posts and given the entirely honorary titles as
524:
making false accusations against Liu, Liu was exiled. When Zheng was ordered to draft the edict announcing Liu's exile, he used language that outwardly rebuked Liu but instead praised Liu. Lu thus had Zheng exiled and demoted to be the prefect of Wu
Prefecture (梧州, in modern
499:) in 869, Zheng was largely in drafting the numerous edicts involved in the military maneuvers, and it was said that his colleagues admired him for the speed and the elegance with which he wrote. He was soon promoted to be both deputy minister of census (戶部侍郎,
644:. Zheng's suggestions regarding how to react to the rebellion were largely ignored. As a result, he offered to resign, but Emperor Xizong did not accept his resignation. In 877, a dispute erupted between Zheng and his chancellor colleagues
516:), Emperor Yizong, in grief, executed the imperial physicians who were unable to save her and further arrested some 300 of their family members. Liu tried to intercede on their behalf and drew Emperor Yizong's anger. With the chancellor
623:) the military governor of Lingnan East, who was authorized to boil water to produce salt for sale, and then use the proceeds to buy food supplies from the prefectures in the southern parts of Jiangxi Circuit (江西, headquartered in modern
235:
and entered public service at a young age. After his father's political faction fell from favor, he was blacklisted for years and only returned to office in the 860s, after forming an association with the respected statesman
362:) and a historian who would edit imperial histories. Before he could serve in those positions, however, in 847, due to his association with Li Deyu, who had lost power during the reign of the then-reigning
864:) was made the prefect of Peng Prefecture (彭州, in modern Chengdu), and Zheng was sent to Peng Prefecture to recuperate from an illness that he was apparently having at the time. He died soon thereafter.
774:) launch a major attack on Fengxiang. As the Qi army viewed Zheng as a civilian who did not know about military matters, they took few precautions. Zheng counterattacked with his ally Tang Hongfu (
244:
and, following a dispute with Lu, was removed from the chancellorship in 878. Zheng was later appointed as military governor of
Fengxiang Circuit, west of the imperial capital of
290:), who served as a civil service official under the prefect of Zheng Prefecture (鄭州, in modern Zhengzhou). Zheng Shaolin, as well as Zheng Tian's grandfather Zheng Mu (
631:). It was said that it was after this that the food supplies for the armies posted to the southern regions became fuller. Thereafter, the general Wang Shifu (
728:). While at Fengxiang, he conscripted 500 elite soldiers, and it was said that it was because of these soldiers that the banditry in the circuit subsided.
1274:
354:). When he was 21, he further passed a special examination for those who made good rulings, and he was made the sheriff of Weinan County (渭南, in modern
43:
36:
852:, the military governor of Xichuan Circuit (西川, headquartered in modern Chengdu), as he rebuffed Tian Lingzi's request to have his assistant Wu Yuan (
1269:
382:, both of whom had no liking for Li Deyu and ejected Li Deyu's associates, Zheng Tian was not given an imperial government office for a long time.
310:
class, and while Zheng Mu served only as a county magistrate, Zheng Ya became well known for his abilities, and he became a close associate of the
716:
Shortly after Zheng Tian's demotion, however, he was recalled back to Chang'an to serve as the minister of civil service affairs (吏部尚書,
965:) to rehabilitate from an illness in 883, implying that his death was in 883, but not conclusively establishing his death date. See
321:, eventually serving as a high level imperial consultant. Other than Zheng Tian, Zheng Ya had at least two younger sons, Zheng Jun (
593:. At that time, typically, the armies posted to the southern circuits (i.e., Lingnan East Circuit (嶺南東道, headquartered in modern
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687:. Lu supported the marriage proposal, while Zheng opposed. As they argued, the dispute became so vehement that Lu threw an
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title on Zheng again, as an honorary title, and made him the overall commander of Tang forces in the Chang'an region.
208:, from 874 to 878 and again from 881 to 883, and played a crucial role in the dynasty's resistance to the cataclysmic
982:
757:) to Fengxiang to try to persuade Zheng to submit, Zheng had Wang beheaded. Thereafter, Emperor Xizong bestowed the
105:
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Assuming that Zheng Tian died in 883, he might have been born in either 821 or 825. He was a part of the prominent
1279:
640:
By 876, the central/southern Tang realm was being overrun with agrarian rebellions, the chief of which was led by
65:
1294:
825:
In spring 882, Emperor Xizong summoned Zheng to
Chengdu, making him chancellor again, along with the titles of
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937:
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After Liu became chancellor in 869, Liu recommended Zheng Tian, and Zheng became an imperial scholar (翰林學士,
72:
977:
bestowed many posthumous honors on Zheng, establishing that he was no longer living by that point. See
363:
805:
As the campaign waged on, the
Fengxiang storage became depleted. In winter 881, the Fengxiang officer
311:
54:
720:). The next year, he became the military governor of Fengxiang Circuit (鳳翔, headquartered in modern
410:), invited Zheng Tian to serve on his staff. Subsequently, Zheng Tian was recalled to the capital
224:
696:(there being no crown prince at the time), and they were both further sent to the eastern capital
842:
32:
1027:
974:
550:, Zheng Tian was gradually moved closer to the capital—first to Chen Prefecture (郴州, in modern
547:
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In 878, Zheng and Lu had another major dispute—over whether a Tang princess should be sent to
366:(Emperor Wuzong's uncle), Zheng Ya was demoted to be prefect of Gui Prefecture (桂州, in modern
118:
This article is about the Tang dynasty chancellor. For the
Chinese-American statistician, see
232:
284:), but his traceable ancestry only went as far back as his great-grandfather Zheng Shaolin (
1259:
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641:
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class when he was 17, and thereafter served as a staff member under the military governor (
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In 874, by which time he had become the deputy minister of civil service affairs (吏部侍郎,
79:
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402:, who was then the military governor of Hedong Circuit (河東, headquartered in modern
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In 870, after the death of
Emperor Yizong's favorite daughter Princess Tongchang (
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135:
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1189:
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503:) and, after Pang's rebellion was suppressed, chief imperial scholar (翰林學士承旨,
434:), one of the secretaries general of the executive bureau of government (尚書省,
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The son of a prominent political figure, Zheng enjoyed early success in the
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798:
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473:). He was soon also put in charge of drafting edicts, and also made
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683:) to end the war between the two states, as proposed by the general
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After
Emperor Yizong died in 873 and was succeeded by his young son
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attacked and captured Chang'an. Emperor Xizong fled toward
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820:
487:). During the imperial armies' campaign against the rebel
398:, after Linghu Tao had left the office of the chancellors,
336:
Zheng Tian himself passed the imperial examinations in the
802:
again abandon Chang'an, allowing Qi forces to retake it.
469:), a supervisory official at the ministry of census (戶部,
212:. Zheng was also an accomplished man of letters, and his
483:), a mid-level official at the legislative bureau (中書省,
448:), a low-level official at the ministry of justice (刑部,
783:
In summer 881, with Zheng, Tang Hongfu, Cheng
Zongchu (
601:), Lingnan West Circuit (嶺南西道, headquartered in modern
1228:(which includes collected poems by Zheng Tian) in the
809:, who was then stationed at Xingping (興平, in modern
609:), and Jinghai Circuit (靜海, headquartered in modern
317:, who was particularly powerful during the reign of
837:(門下侍郎, deputy head of the examination bureau (門下省,
572:), a high-level advisor at the legislative bureau.
562:). He was then recalled to Chang'an to serve as
346:) of Xuanwu Circuit (宣武, headquartered in modern
1251:
949:According to Zheng Tian's biography in both the
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694:Crown Prince
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642:Wang Xianzhi
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198:Tang dynasty
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127:Chinese name
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55:"Zheng Tian"
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30:
1260:820s births
846:Tian Lingzi
807:Li Changyan
795:Wang Chucun
702:Doulu Zhuan
522:Wei Baoheng
390:During the
258:Tian Lingzi
131:family name
1265:883 deaths
1254:Categories
868:References
766:Shang Rang
733:Huang Chao
380:Linghu Tao
312:chancellor
270:Zheng clan
250:Huang Chao
202:chancellor
171:Zhèng Tián
143:Zheng Tian
120:Tian Zheng
66:newspapers
33:references
1033:, vol. 75
599:Guangdong
595:Guangzhou
378:and then
278:Zhengzhou
272:based in
1239:LibriVox
1220:Book 557
1193:, vols.
1183:vol. 185
1171:vol. 178
1145:vol. 255
1126:vol. 254
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1083:vol. 253
1064:vol. 252
1036:Archived
989:and the
953:and the
938:vol. 178
901:vol. 185
811:Xianyang
706:Cui Hang
689:inkstone
685:Gao Pian
646:Wang Duo
625:Nanchang
591:de facto
586:同中書門下平章事
552:Chenzhou
489:Pang Xun
412:Chang'an
400:Liu Zhan
392:Xiantong
343:Jiedushi
274:Xingyang
246:Chang'an
238:Liu Zhan
125:In this
1222:of the
1154:Sources
985:. The
963:Sichuan
959:Chengdu
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745:Shaanxi
737:Chengdu
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698:Luoyang
629:Jiangxi
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372:Guangxi
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348:Kaifeng
315:Li Deyu
306:in the
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368:Guilin
356:Weinan
338:Jinshi
308:Jinshi
242:Lu Xie
204:under
178:Taiwen
167:pinyin
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421:虞部員外郎
352:Henan
282:Henan
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193:滎陽文昭公
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648:and
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480:中書舍人
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350:,
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299:鄭亞
293:鄭穆
280:,
183:臺文
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162:郑畋
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152:鄭畋
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