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Twenty-one major experimental campaigns were performed in the ZPPR facility between March, 1969 and
September, 1990. Each campaign was designated with a number, from ZPPR-1 to ZPPR-21, including sub-designations for individual loadings within each campaign. The various experiments supported the
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The design basis accident (DBA) calculated to illustrate the capability of the containment structure included a reactivity insertion rate of 20 cents/second with complete failure of all safety devices. In this unlikely scenario, 40 kg of plutonium would have vaporized, and the sodium would have
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as a potential long-term energy source. Building a low-power critical mockup of a nuclear core is a common practice in advance of building a full-sized nuclear power plant of any novel design, especially in lieu of uncertain
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boiled and combusted with air. The associated toxicity concerns of this DBA necessitated the inclusion of the cell's gravel-sand roof and HEPA filters in the backup containment structure.
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Taken in August, 1967, before the erection of the backup containment structure, this picture shows the network of 80 cables that support the sand and gravel roof over the ZPPR reactor cell
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experiments only up to a core volume of 600 liters, whereas ZPPR was designed to simulate systems with core volumes up to 5000 liters. A plutonium inventory of 3000 kg was planned.
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In 1964 development focus was shifting from small experimental reactors to large power-generating breeder reactors. The existing critical facilities (e.g.
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In
November, 1964 a $ 3 million contract was awarded to Mason & Hanger-Silas Mason Co to begin construction of the facility starting in late 1965.
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The data collected at ZPPR has been used regularly by nuclear reactor designers as a means to validate computer simulations. For example, in 2020 the
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ZPPR ran only at extremely low power, for testing nuclear reactor designs. ZPPR was operated as a critical facility from April 18, 1969 until 1990.
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279:"An Overview of the Argonne National Laboratory Fast Critical Experiments 1963-1990"
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234:"FINAL SAFETY ANALYSIS REPORT ON THE ZERO POWER PLUTONIUM REACTOR (ZPPR) FACILITY"
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Lawroski, H; Palmer, R; Thalgott, F; Curran, R; Matlock, R (1972-01-01).
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was engaged in funding and directing research and development in nuclear
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Aliberti, G; Smith, M.A.; Zong, Z; Lell, R.M.; Heidet, F. (2020-12-21).
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348:"Analysis of ZPPR-15 experimental data for VTR software validation"
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327:. 88th Congress (Second Session on Reactor Development): 767
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program used ZPPR-15 to validate nuclear core calculations.
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Nuclear engineer inserting fuel into the ZPPR. (HD.6B.163)
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began developing two reactor demonstration test beds at
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demonstration plants and 1000 MWe commercial plants.
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Balsmeier, Aaron L.; Core, Gregory M. (2020-09-30).
397:"ZPPR Test Bed (ZTB) Pre-Conceptual Design Report"
163:Core loadings used in the first 13 ZPPR campaigns
87:This shows ZPPR as conceived in 1964 AEC reports.
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52:core compositions characteristic of 300-500
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184:National Reactor Innovation Center
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212:ZPPR (Zero Power Physics Reactor)
20:The Zero Power Physics Reactor.
448:In Search of a Critical Moment
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450:— A 1970 film about the ZPPR
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325:Congress of the United States
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319:United States (1964-02-05).
34:Zero Power Plutonium Reactor
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403:(INL/EXT-20-59741-Rev000).
283:Argonne National Laboratory
277:LeSage, L.G. (2001-06-05).
238:Argonne National Lab., Ill.
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188:Idaho National Laboratory
42:Idaho National Laboratory
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352:Annals of Nuclear Energy
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119:Design and construction
177:Versatile Test Reactor
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199:Citations
105:plutonium
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38:critical
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101:ZPR-9
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432:2021
413:OSTI
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370:ISSN
333:2021
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261:2021
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