505:, to protest what were said to be steep wage cuts the ownership was asking them to take. Managers and other executives kept the stations on the air, but some remote broadcasts had to be canceled, including the scheduled telecasts of the Boston Braves home games. Also, some announcers refused to cross the picket lines, requiring management to do some of the announcing during the strike. The pay dispute, which made the national news, took sixteen days to resolve and required the help of an arbitrator. The strike finally ended after the proposed wage cuts were canceled and a new salary agreement was reached, at which time the engineers and announcers returned to work.
277:, to be in charge of the news broadcasts. Editor in chief was Leland Bickford, who co-wrote a book in 1935 about the first year of the Yankee News Service. The Yankee News Service used the slogan "News while it IS News," intended as a jab at the newspapers, which disseminated news at a slower pace than radio. That was also the title of the book about the creation of the news service. In addition, on February 20, 1938, the Yankee Network debuted its own radio weather service, to provide up-to-date weather information to affiliates. The first chief meteorologist of the Yankee Network Weather Service was Salvatore Pagliuca, who had formerly worked at the
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558:. Another popular announcer was Vin Maloney, who like Saunders, fulfilled a wide range of functions for WNAC and the Yankee Network, including announcing, news-reading, and covering sports. The Yankee News Service remained popular throughout the 1950s, and listeners relied on it for local news and sports; this was especially true in the summer of 1957, when Boston's newspapers went on strike. WNAC, WNAC-TV, and the entire Yankee Network increased the amount of hourly newscasts, added more news bulletins, and sent out members of its Boston staff to post news headlines on billboards around the city.
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Vice
President and General Manager Linus Travers, a veteran of the network who had worked for Shepard since being hired in 1927 as an announcer and commercial manager. When Travers was promoted to an executive position at Mutual in September 1948, he was replaced by another long-time employee of the Yankee Network, George Steffy. In December 1948, John Shepard Jr., who had run the Shepard Department Stores and provided early financial support for his son John III's radio venture, died at age 91. John Shepard III died from heart disease in mid-June 1950, at age 64.
443:, who had been hired as a sportscaster by the Yankee Network in 1939. In mid-1941, it was announced that the network would soon change from its affiliation with NBC to a full-time affiliation with Mutual. In March 1942, the network debuted six new studios, including one especially equipped for FM, as well as several with better acoustics and new musical instruments for the Yankee Network's orchestras; one studio featured a custom-designed organ, said to be the largest in use at any radio station.
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Providence. For example, a concert by opera star Mary Garden was broadcast, as was a concert by the
Providence Symphony Orchestra. Dance music was often played by bandleader Joe Rines and his orchestra, or by other popular bandleaders like Dok Eisenbourg. The Yankee Network also had its own 22-piece orchestra, led by Charles R. Hector. Among other popular entertainers heard on the Yankee Network in the early 1930s were pianist, songwriter and bandleader Gus Arnheim, and local favorites "
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and Ruth
Mugglebee, who hosted a daily homemaking and cooking show (in 1955, Bill Hahn got a different female co-host, Duncan MacDonald; news commentator and (print reporter) Bill Cunningham; and Louise Morgan, who had begun her career on radio at WNAC in 1943 and was now also seen on WNAC-TV hosting a fashion and celebrity interview program. In the summer of 1953, WNAC in Boston was able to switch to a better frequency, after
255:"Press-Radio Agreement" limited the number of newscasts radio stations could broadcast to only two a day, and listeners were very upset that they could no longer hear regular news on the air. In early March 1934, John Shepard III organized his own news bureau, the Yankee News Service, to provide his affiliates with regular local and regional news reports. It replaced the newscasts previously provided by reporters from the
435:(FCC) to move the FM radio spectrum from 42–50 MHz to 88–108 MHz in 1945. This required massive hardware retooling at all FM broadcasters. Some affiliates dropped out, forcing the Yankee Network to lease phone lines from AT&T to fill in the holes between stations. The added costs to broadcasters and the obsolescence of all FM radios at the time set back FM broadcasting for a decade or more.
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local politicians that
Shepard opposed. The FCC requested that Shepard provide details about these programs, and to appease the commission, the Yankee Network agreed to drop the editorials. But Flynn created a company called Mayflower Broadcasting and tried to get the FCC to award him WAAB's license; however, the FCC refused. Instead, in 1941, the commission made a ruling that came to be known as the
305:. The network also received support from advertisers, who saw it as an effective way to reach an audience that extended throughout New England. In 1935, the Yankee Network centralized its executive offices and studios in a new headquarters, 21 Brookline Avenue in Boston. The move followed a $ 25,000 renovation of the facilities. Also included in the building were studios and offices of WNAC and
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576:, and a brief attempt to play some of the softer top 40 hits), Yankee found itself struggling for a niche. Affiliates had dwindled: a majority of stations now preferred to have their own local staff, rather than relying on a regional network. Further, flagship station WNAC was preparing to switch to a top-40 hit music format (under the call letters
334:, and he served on its board of directors. Beginning around 1936, the Yankee Network also started to carry some Mutual programs. Meanwhile, there were some changes in Boston radio that affected the Yankee Network. CBS had begun purchasing stations, in addition to providing network programming. In early 1936, CBS purchased Boston's
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radio became dominant on AM in the late 1950s, the Yankee
Network continued to program for an audience that was now aging. In fact, at many stations, the programming content was undergoing a number of changes: for one thing, few stations had live orchestras any more. With television becoming popular,
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In the early-to-mid 1950s, the Yankee
Network continued doing what it had become known for: providing local news, daytime programs aimed at housewives, music from local orchestras, and live sports broadcasts. Among the most popular personalities on the Yankee Network during this time were Bill Hahn
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In 1941, the FCC ruled that owners could not own more than one station in the same city. Shepard owned two Boston stations: WNAC and its sister station WAAB. To comply with the FCC's ruling, Shepard needed to move WAAB. He decided to relocate it to
Worcester, a market that Yankee did not serve at
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which declared that radio stations, due to their public interest obligations, must remain neutral in matters of news and politics, and they were not allowed to give editorial support to any particular political position or candidate. The decision was very unpopular with broadcasters, who saw it as a
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The main benefit of joining the Yankee
Network was that it offered its affiliates as much as 17 hours of daily programming. Yankee affiliates were provided with access to some of the best-known Boston vocalists and orchestras, as well as nationally-known entertainers who were appearing in Boston or
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In 1938, a former Yankee
Network employee named Lawrence J. Flynn challenged the license of Shepard's WAAB in Boston, and also lodged a complaint about WNAC. Flynn asserted that these stations were being used to air one-sided political viewpoints and broadcast attacks (including editorials) against
237:
staff, led by announcer Ben
Hadfield. In addition to religious services and educational talks, there were also cultural programs, including excerpts from "The Green Pastures," a play starring black actor Richard B. Harrison; and talks by the region's mayors, governors, and other political leaders.
488:
In 1947, the Yankee Network's flagship station, WNAC, celebrated its 25th anniversary, but this milestone was commemorated in a very low-key manner. While Shepard continued on as head of the network, he was now in poor health; the day-to-date operation of the network was being handled by Executive
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Despite the setback with FM, the Yankee Network seemed to be doing well. There were a number of popular programs, including "Ruth Moss Interviews," featuring conversations with local and national celebrities; a variety show called "Yankee House Party," featuring organist Frank Cronin and the Bobby
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By 1931, the network was also offering regular news broadcasts, on the half-hour, making use of reporting by some of Boston's newspapers. But by 1933, the relationship between print and radio had become contentious, with newspapers no longer willing to provide news to radio stations. The so-called
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newspaper) decided to cease broadcasting, and its owner, Irving E. Rogers, sold the station. WLAW had been occupying 680 kHz with 50,000 watts, while WNAC had been at 1260 kHz with 5,000 watts. Thanks to the sale of WLAW, the higher-powered 680 frequency became available and WNAC moved
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for its coverage of state legislatures, as well as coverage of news-makers throughout New England. There was some early controversy over John Shepard's policy of inserting brief "plugs" (sponsor mentions) into the newscasts, but Shepard defended the practice as necessary in order to support the
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ended its long affiliation with NBC to program its own music, using live and local announcers. Just like with WBZ, the emphasis at many radio stations had shifted to playing records. As the top-40 hit format proliferated, in an effort to attract the growing youth audience, WNAC and the Yankee
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to cover Congress. The Yankee Network also earned praise for its coverage of natural disasters in New England, such as in April 1936, when heavy rainstorms caused flooding in western Massachusetts, or in September 1938, when a hurricane devastated much of Southern New England. Yankee affiliate
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broadcasts. Gradually, as the network hired more staff and was able to cover stories more extensively, the complaints diminished. By 1939, the Yankee Network was said to be the first regional network to send a full-time reporter, Pete Tully, to
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In mid-December 1942, it was suddenly announced that the Yankee Network was being sold; the news caught most people in Boston's broadcasting community by surprise, as it was not generally known that the network was for sale. The purchaser was
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baseball games, announced by Fred Hoey. College football, broadcast live from various schools in the region, was also a popular feature. In addition to providing local and regional programming, the Yankee Network was also affiliated with the
554:" music. One popular announcer during this time was Gus Saunders, who was also well known as the host of another of the Yankee Network's cooking programs; in addition, Saunders announced some of the network's sports events, such as Boston's
537:
many programs previously heard only on radio moved over to TV. Even soap operas, long a staple of network programming on radio, ceased in 1960. Also during this time period, many stations stopped relying on syndicated programs from NBC, CBS,
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made its debut several weeks later, on June 21. But as the Yankee Network expanded into TV, it experienced some labor problems. In early May 1949, all of the network's eighty engineers, both from radio and television, went out on
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Network stayed with the older music; this earned them praise from a number of newspaper columnists, many of whom were also getting older and found top-40 unpleasant. For them, WNAC's and the Yankee Network's emphasis on "great
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in Springfield was instrumental in keeping the public informed, broadcasting weather reports and news coverage around the clock until the storm had ended; and later, WMAS raised funds for on-going disaster relief in the region.
550:" and songs with "beautiful melodies" was very comforting. The Yankee stations, especially flagship WNAC, played the music that the older audience enjoyed, avoiding songs that were popular with young people and focusing on "
353:(later known as FM). In 1937 a plan was developed envisioning that 90% of New England could be provided with FM programs by building mountaintop stations, consisting of a 50 kilowatt transmitter on Mount Asnebumskit at
183:, so that the two stations could share or exchange programming. Those two stations became the first two Yankee Network stations. In 1930, they were joined by the first affiliated radio stations, including
215:. During the 1930s, the network became known for developing its own local and regional news bureau, the Yankee News Service. The Yankee Network and the Yankee News Service operated until February 1967.
369:, the Yankee Network inaugurated the nation's first FM radio network, beginning with an early January 1940 demonstration of an FM inter-city relay, linking Shepard's experimental FM station
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Norman Corwin, "City's Ether Vibrated with Phenomenal Precedent as Spectacular Broadcasts Told Nation of the Flood." Springfield (MA) Sunday Republican, April 12, 1936, p. E1.
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But while John Shepard III was making plans to further expand the Yankee Network's FM properties, there was a major obstacle. The Yankee Network faced a powerful opponent—the
330:
Despite John Shepard's affiliation of his Yankee Network stations with CBS, he still became involved in the founding of a new network, which came to be known as the
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music, and shows that homemakers enjoyed, the Yankee Network was no longer as influential as it had once been. After experimenting with various formats (including
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Norris Orchestra, which was also picked up by the Mutual Network; as well as various sports events, including Red Sox and Braves play-by-play, often announced by
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radio business. RCA was also concerned that Yankee's technique of "networking" their service around New England via inexpensive, off-air FM relays instead of
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477:, led by its president William O'Neil. The new owner agreed that John Shepard III would stay on at the head of the Yankee Network for the next five years.
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and his brother Robert, in 1929–1930. The beginnings of what became the Yankee Network occurred in the mid-1920s, when John Shepard's Boston station
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In August 1959, the Yankee Network de-affiliated itself from Mutual Broadcasting System (MBS), allowing 27 Yankee stations to affiliate directly with MBS.
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phone lines, would open the door to many less well-funded groups establishing competition to RCA's established network, NBC. RCA, under general manager
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that point. WAAB, which made its debut broadcast from Worcester on December 13, 1942, was now the Mutual and Yankee affiliate in central Massachusetts.
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on Mount Washington. Because of their superior audio quality, the FM stations became known for broadcasting live classical music concerts.
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163:. At the height of its influence, the Yankee Network had as many as twenty-four affiliated radio stations. The network was co-founded by
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Mark J. Staples. "Yankee Network Has Cooperative News Arrangements with New England Press." Broadcasting, December 1, 1931, p. 10.
529:, and christened WVDA. After operating station WVDA in Boston, Diehm would later go on to become president of the Mutual network.
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in New York. Shepard's FM network officially made its debut in December 1940 when W1XOJ in Paxton was permanently linked with
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One area where the expansion was noticeable was in the news department, which was praised by national magazines like
1661:"Western Mass. Red Cross Issues Joint Plea over WMAS Tonight." Springfield (MA) Republican, November 13, 138, p. 3.
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in Vermont. (Later plans dropped the proposed Mount Mansfield station). With the help of the inventor of FM, Major
293:
Throughout the early-to-mid 1930s, the Yankee Network continued to expand, picking up affiliates in such cities as
470:
461:. But despite widespread dissatisfaction, the FCC did not officially reverse the Mayflower Decision until 1949.
1452:"Members of Green Pastures Company in Half-Hour Broadcast." Springfield (MA) Republican, October 2, 1932, p. 6C.
102:
Varied dates; test transmissions began in the mid-1920s, network establishment took place between 1929 and 1930
20:
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Anthony LaCamera. "Editor Finds WNAC Tops for Popular Music." Boston Evening American, August 23, 1955, p. 22.
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1757:"He Sees Broadcasting by FM Replacing Present Type in East." Christian Science Monitor, July 31, 1942, p. 4.
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1730:"Short Wave Replaces Wires to Link Radio Chain in Test." Christian Science Monitor, January 6, 1940, p. 1.
1739:"Chain of Staticless Stations Organized by Shepard Group." Christian Science Monitor, May 6, 1941, p. 18.
233:." The Yankee Network broadcast radio plays, featuring its own drama troupe, made up of members of the
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George B. Merry. "Soap Operas Go; A Happy Ending." Christian Science Monitor, November 26, 1960, p. 1.
1625:"Yankee Web Seeds Disguised Blurbs Into News Service-- Public No Like." Variety, April 3, 1935, p. 39.
1877:"Yankee Network is Sold to General Tire Company." Christian Science Monitor, December 16, 1942, p. 3.
1524:"Radio News Cut to Tabloid Size from March 1." Christian Science Monitor, February 28, 1934, pp 1, 4.
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1515:"John Shepard Organizes Own News Bureau to Feed Yankee Network." Variety, February 27, 1934, p. 39.
239:
196:
176:
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Joseph T. Sullivan. "Yankee Network Soon to be Dissolved." Boston Herald, January 31, 1967, p. 35.
2052:
Anthony LaCamera. "Like to be on the $ 64,000 Quiz?" Boston Evening American, July 8, 1955, p. 38.
1506:"News Listeners Cry Out Against Limited Programs." Christian Science Monitor, March 5, 1934, p. 4.
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Joseph T. Sullivan. "Golden Music to Replace WNAC Talk." Boston Herald, February 15, 1967, p. 31.
1353:"News Listeners Cry Out Against Limited Programs." Christian Science Monitor, March 5, 1934, p. 4.
1416:
Francis G. Jenkins. "New radio Station Chain Under Way. Washington Post, February 2, 1930, p. F5.
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Francis G. Jenkins. "New radio Station Chain Under Way. Washington Post, February 2, 1930, p. F5.
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584:, announced the network would be disbanded. It officially ceased operation on February 26, 1967.
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251:(later known as CBS), which provided national programs to complement Yankee's New England focus.
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2016:"Victor Diehm, Broadcast Executive, Dies at 77." Greensboro (NC) Record, August 18, 1980, p. 12.
1824:"Radio Ruling Tells Stations to Avoid Bias." Christian Science Monitor, January 17, 1941, p. 9.
1479:"First Football Game on Yankee Network." Springfield (MA) Republican, September 24, 1932, p. 8.
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394:
278:
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Anthony LaCamera. "Big Shake-Up Due on WNAC." Boston Record-American, February 6, 1967, p. 26.
1917:"Travers Named to Executive Staff of Mutual System." Boston Herald, September 30, 1948, p. 15.
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1555:"Radio Weather Service for New England." Christian Science Monitor, February 15, 1938, p. 10.
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1980:"Arbitration Move Due Today in Try to End Radio Strike." Boston Globe, May 11, 1949, p. 17.
1779:"Three Major Boston Stations Shift Networks Tomorrow." Boston Herald, June 14, 1942, p. 25.
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1899:"WNAC Marks Its 25th Year on Air in N.E." Christian Science Monitor, July 31, 1947, p. 4.
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1806:"WNAC, WEAN Join Mutual Network Soon." Christian Science Monitor, April 23, 141, p. 13.
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radio host Ruth Moss in an aluminum drive publicity photo for the Yankee Network, 1942.
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1944:"Rites are Held in Brookline for John Shepard." Boston Traveler, June 13, 1950, p. 41.
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Anthony LaCamera, "Baseball Tomorrow." Boston Evening American, April 18, 1958, p. 5.
1533:"Yankee News Marks 25th Anniversary on TV Today." Boston Globe, March 1, 1959, p. 55.
538:
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2034:"WBZ to Drop NBC Shows; WBZ-TV Still in Network." Boston Globe, July 16, 1956, p. 8.
1461:"Secretary Dern at Irish Dinner." Springfield MA) Republican, March 17, 1933, p. 21.
525:
there; the 1260 AM frequency was purchased by Victor C. Diehm, a station owner from
2070:"Radio-TV Carry the Ball in Boston, Detroit." Broadcasting, August 26, 1957, p. 81.
1989:"Yankee Network Strike Ends with no Wage Slash." Boston Herald, May 18, 1949, p. 1.
1748:"Boston String Orchestra in Debut Over FM." Boston Herald, January 11, 1942, p. 4B.
1398:"Joe Rines Orchestra for Scott Furriers." Boston Herald, September 25, 1932, p. 30.
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1926:"Steffy Named Director of Yankee Network." Boston Herald, October 1, 1948, p. 9.
1788:"Yankee House Party Joins Mutual Network." Boston Herald, August 2, 1942, p. 26.
338:, making it necessary for Shepard's WNAC to affiliate with a different network,
2160:
Radio Historian Donna Halper's history on John Shepard III, revised April 2001.
1582:"WDRC Signs For Yankee Broadcasts." Hartford Courant, December 21, 1930, p.16A.
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1971:"Fail to End Network Strike, Game Off Video." Boston Globe, May 7, 1949, p. 2.
1953:"Both WNAC and WBZ to Televise Convention." Boston Globe, Jun 19, 1948, p. 11.
1815:"Big Opening for Yankee's New Studios." Boston Traveler, March 20, 1942, p. 5.
1470:"Fred Hoey to Report Baseball for WNAC." Boston Herald, April 21, 1931, p. C7.
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1962:"Strike Halts Yankee Network Air, TV Shows." Boston Globe, May 4, 1949, p. 1.
1407:"Eisenbourg to Start New Series on Chain." Boston Herald, June 5, 1932, p. 5A
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419:(RCA—the majority owner of NBC), which saw FM as a threat to its established
404:
230:
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35:
1326:"Yankee Web's Comeuppance Via 24 Outlets." Variety, October 23, 1946, p. 31.
541:, or Mutual and began to do their own programming: in Boston, for example,
1652:"Radio Again Succors Stricken Region." Broadcasting, October 1, 1938, p. 66
1335:"Yankee Network is Being Formed." New York Times, February 9, 1930, p. X20.
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72:
1701:"WEEI and WNAC Change Networks." Boston Herald, September 27, 1936, p. C3.
1488:"WNAC Anniversary on Forty Stations." Boston Herald, July 27, 1930, p. 27.
1434:"WNAC Anniversary on Forty Stations." Boston Herald, July 27, 1930, p. 27.
1868:"WAAB On the Air From Worcester." Broadcasting, December 14, 1942, p. 10.
1797:"Jim Britt in WNAC Radio Debut." Boston Herald, December 16, 1939, p. 17.
1425:"Gus Arnheim on Yankee Network." Boston Herald, November 22, 1931, p. A5.
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1564:"Military Rights for Maj. Pagliuca." Boston Herald, May 4, 1944, p. 21.
1380:"Two Operas Will Be Broadcast." Boston Herald, February 1, 1931, p. B8.
1344:"Sporting Events Featured at WNAC." Boston Herald, July 5, 1925, p. D5.
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1692:"Transfer of WEEI to CBS Approved." Broadcasting, July 1, 1936, p. 76.
1683:"Networks Now Changed Over." Boston Herald, September 27, 1936, p. 4C.
1593:"Yankee Network Offices And Studios Centralized In Remodeled Quarters"
1389:"Symphony on Air from Providence." Boston Herald, May 1, 1932, p. 10A.
273:. Shepard hired Richard D. Grant, a former print journalist from the
2007:"Seek FCC Approval for WLAW Sale." Broadcasting, May 11, 1953, p. 60.
1908:"New Commercial Director at WNAC." Boston Globe, June 23, 1928, p. 6.
1371:"Yankee Network Becomes Reality." Boston Globe, July 13, 1930, p. 51.
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1935:"Shepard Rites in Florida." Boston Herald, December 22, 1948, p. 25.
1859:"Shepard Applying for WAAB Shift." Broadcasting, June 9, 1941, p. 9.
346:. The change officially took place in late September of that year.
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in Paxton, Massachusetts, to an FM transmitter at station W1XPW in
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Meanwhile, television had come to Boston in early June 1948, when
1634:"Yankee's Washington Newsman." Broadcasting, June 1, 1939, p. 22.
2167:, containing articles on John Shepard & the Yankee Network.
1848:
A History of Broadcasting in the United States: The Golden Web
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1616:"Yankee Network News Flashes." Variety, March 27, 1934, p. 38.
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In 1947 the network consisted of 24 AM and two FM affiliates.
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1573:"We Pay Our Respects." Broadcasting, August 15, 1932, p. 17.
389:, to the parent broadcasting system based in the studios of
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Sounds of Change: A History of FM Broadcasting in America
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1998:"Network People." Broadcasting, November 7, 1955, p. 80.
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News While It Is News: The Real Story of the Radio News
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Made to Break: Technology and Obsolescence in America
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In the late 1930s, Shepard had become interested in
1443:"On the Air." Boston Herald, April 29, 1932, p. 40.
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19:For the radio network of the New York Yankees, see
1674:. University of North Carolina Press, 2008, p. 24.
912:City of license transferred to Worcester in 1942
735:Originally at 1500 AM & then at 1490 AM post-
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1770:. Harvard University Press, 2007, pp. 89-90.
175:land lines with Robert Shepard's station in
16:Former regional radio network in New England
2181:Defunct radio networks in the United States
1837:. Cambridge University Press, 2014, p. 104.
159:, with affiliate radio stations throughout
496:debuted; the Yankee Network's TV station,
580:). The Yankee Network's parent company,
1850:. Oxford University Press, 1968, p. 292.
1670:Christopher Sterling and Michael Keith.
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2081:"Mutual and Yankee plan August divorce"
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1886:"The Yankee Network" (advertisement),
1259:Frequency moved to 1370 AM post-NARBA
1220:Frequency moved to 1340 AM post-NARBA
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1154:Frequency moved to 1400 AM post-NARBA
1120:Frequency moved to 1240 AM post-NARBA
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991:Frequency moved to 1340 AM post-NARBA
2191:Radio stations disestablished in 1967
1298:Frequency moved to 790 AM post-NARBA
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564:But despite its reputation for news,
1835:America's Battle for Media Democracy
1546:. Boston: Manthorne & Co., 1935.
1076:Doughty & Welch Electric Company
1542:Leland Bickford, with Walter Fogg.
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357:, plus 5 kilowatt stations on
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21:New York Yankees Radio Network
1:
1304:
739:until the 1960s. Now defunct
431:, successfully pressured the
417:Radio Corporation of America
288:
283:Mount Washington Observatory
249:Columbia Broadcasting System
7:
2137:. March 15, 1932. p. 6
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689:Travelers Insurance Company
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10:
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2090:. May 11, 1959. p. 58
761:Maine Broadcasting Company
521:Lawrence Eagle and Tribune
447:Controversies and problems
332:Mutual Broadcasting System
295:Springfield, Massachusetts
218:
205:New Bedford, Massachusetts
18:
1890:, April 21, 1947, page 3.
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275:Boston Evening Transcript
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177:Providence, Rhode Island
516:Lawrence, Massachusetts
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527:Hazleton, Pennsylvania
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412:
279:Blue Hills Observatory
258:Boston Herald-Traveler
112:; 57 years ago
110:February 26, 1967
483:
403:
361:in New Hampshire and
355:Paxton, Massachusetts
299:Hartford, Connecticut
157:Boston, Massachusetts
56:Boston, Massachusetts
634:Bridgeport-New Haven
619:(Management Company)
375:Meriden, Connecticut
351:frequency modulation
270:Boston Daily Record
28:
588:List of affiliates
486:
454:Mayflower Decision
413:
387:Alpine, New Jersey
381:), to Armstrong's
367:Edwin H. Armstrong
26:
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75:(1942–1967)
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319:Washington, D.C.
165:John Shepard III
151:was an American
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949:transferred to
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363:Mount Mansfield
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264:Boston American
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2154:External links
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566:easy-listening
552:easy listening
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244:Boston Red Sox
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149:Yankee Network
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43:Broadcast area
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27:Yankee Network
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1721:, pages 8-14.
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231:Hum and Strum
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189:Bangor, Maine
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153:radio network
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36:Radio network
34:
30:
22:
2139:. Retrieved
2135:Broadcasting
2134:
2122:
2113:
2104:
2094:February 25,
2092:. Retrieved
2088:Broadcasting
2087:
2075:
2066:
2057:
2048:
2039:
2030:
2021:
2012:
2003:
1994:
1985:
1976:
1967:
1958:
1949:
1940:
1931:
1922:
1913:
1904:
1895:
1888:Broadcasting
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1600:. Retrieved
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1331:
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1267:Rhode Island
1088:Greenfield (
1039:
945:Programming/
563:
560:
556:BAA Marathon
531:
519:
512:
491:
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467:
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414:
348:
329:
313:
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292:
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268:
262:
256:
253:
227:
148:
146:
130:Availability
73:General Tire
52:Headquarters
2165:NERadio.org
958:New Bedford
709:Connecticut
674:Connecticut
637:Connecticut
582:RKO General
475:Akron, Ohio
344:Red Network
224:Early years
161:New England
155:, based in
99:Launch date
47:New England
2175:Categories
1719:April 1941
1717:magazine,
1602:24 October
1305:References
1264:Providence
1225:Manchester
1159:Pittsfield
1059:Fall River
996:Worcester
706:New London
613:Frequency
570:talk radio
459:censorship
171:linked by
117:1967-02-26
81:Key people
2141:1 October
947:call sign
890:WLEX/WAAB
548:standards
441:Jim Britt
289:Expansion
173:telephone
141:27 (peak)
62:Ownership
953:in 1953
951:WNAC 680
815:Portland
671:Hartford
607:Station
574:big band
457:form of
425:AT&T
281:and the
138:Stations
133:regional
125:Coverage
1192:Laconia
883:Boston
782:Augusta
498:WNAC-TV
314:Variety
219:History
115: (
94:History
744:Bangor
629:Notes
604:State
600:market
534:top-40
503:strike
494:WBZ-TV
301:; and
267:, and
207:; and
107:Closed
67:Parent
2131:(PDF)
2084:(PDF)
1596:(PDF)
854:Maine
845:NARBA
818:Maine
785:Maine
747:Maine
737:NARBA
626:1939
623:1932
616:Owner
610:Band
395:W1XER
383:W2XMN
377:(now
371:W1XOJ
2143:2014
2096:2020
1604:2014
1271:WEAN
1239:1340
1232:WFEA
1206:1310
1199:WLNH
1173:1310
1166:WBRK
1139:1370
1132:WLLH
1106:1210
1099:WHAI
1073:1450
1066:WSAR
1029:WTAG
1010:1310
1003:WORC
972:1310
965:WNBH
925:1260
918:WNAC
897:1440
865:1240
858:WCOU
822:WCSH
796:1400
789:WRDO
751:WLBZ
720:1510
713:WNLC
685:1080
678:WTIC
641:WICC
578:WRKO
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324:WMAS
307:WAAB
242:and
235:WNAC
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