42:
115:
503:.". Khariton's talent was recognised by Semyonov who supported his research project in investigations of the light-emitting ability of phosphorus combined with oxygen, and reported the results in both the German and Russian languages. In 1926, Khariton completed his degree in physics from the
730:
In
October 1997 in Sarov, Togliati Street was renamed Akademik Khariton Street in his honour. A bronze bust of him was installed in February 2004 next to the House of Scientists of VNIIEF. In 2004, a Russian stamp was issued to commemorate the 100th anniversary of his birthday.
602:. In May 1945, as part of a team of physicists sent to Berlin to investigate Nazi atomic bomb research, Khariton found 100 tonnes of uranium oxide, which was transported back to Moscow; this reduced development time for domestic plutonium production. After the
660:
His diplomacy meant absorbing criticism and put-downs from political leaders who came and went. KB-11 was sometimes sneered at for having a significant number of staff with Jewish backgrounds, Khariton included. The second
Installation under
622:(VNIIEF). Khariton remained as its scientific director for 46 years. Along with other senior scientists, he was regarded as too important to fly and had his own private train carriage. He was elected as a corresponding member of the
665:
had fewer, and there had been awkward professional relations; it was comically referred to as "Egypt" by politicians, with obvious comparative implications with KB-11: the dining room at KB-11 was termed 'the synagogue.'
1903:
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637:, which was tested on 29 August that year. He was deferential to political superiors but supported the scientists under him in a politic and diplomatic way. Physicist and departmental head
1848:
591:, Khariton's knowledge of the physics of explosions was used in experimental studies on Soviet and foreign weaponry, while continuing his leadership of the Institute of Chemical Physics.
641:
referred to him as being "zealous and unsparing of himself."; he spoke for scientists when they changed their focus to a two-stage nuclear device with initial compression from 1954 (the
619:
607:
1933:
411:. She left Russia in 1910 due to an illness that had to be treated at the European resort. Yulii was six years old when his mother left him and was taken care by an
1838:
530:
on investigating the sensitivity of the eye with respect to weak light impulses and alpha radiation. Khariton earned his PhD in 1928 from
Cambridge University.
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504:
1943:
1858:
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1615:
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1244:
803:
362:
415:, hired by his father while in exile in Latvia. Yulii's mother never returned to Russia and divorced his father, only to marry her psychiatrist, Dr.
1938:
564:
In 1935, he received his doctorate in physical and mathematical sciences. During this period, Khariton and
Zeldovich conducted experiments on the
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In 1928, Khariton decided to take up the residence in (Germany) to be near his mother, but was appalled and frightened by the
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1176:"Их именами названы улицы:Улица Академика Харитона[The streets are named after them: Street Academician Khariton]"
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610:(design bureau-11) also known as Arzamas-16 and colloquially as the 'Installation', located in the closed city of
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606:, a Special Committee was established including Kurchatov and Khariton. Khariton was made scientific director of
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294:. In honour of the centennial of his birthday in 2004, his image appeared on a Russian postal stamp by the
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and eventually headed the explosion laboratory until 1946, working closely with another
Russian physicist
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1963:
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HER SON, THE ATOMIC SCIENTIST: MIRRA BIRENS, YULI KHARITON, AND MAX EITINGON'S SERVICES FOR THE SOVIETS
966:
Judging Edward Teller: A Closer Look at One of the Most
Influential Scientists of the Twentieth Century
539:
491:. Khariton was particularly fascinated with the work of Semyonov whose research used the techniques of
346:
279:
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146:
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delivered papers on the theoretical process behind nuclear fission chain reactions at a conference in
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which he felt was divisive, and wouldn't intercede in certain politically-charged personal cases.
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519:
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653:. He would not support similar requests to halt a duplicate test by a second 'Installation' at
598:
asked
Khariton to become part of the Soviet atomic project in 1943, in Laboratory No. 2 of the
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in 1922 at the age of forty six along with professors and journalists on one of the so-called
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Yulii was home schooled by his
Estonian housekeeper, hired by his father, who taught him the
287:
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Annotated bibliography for Yuli
Khariton from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues
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reported to the
Special Committee on the progress of the first Soviet nuclear weapon, the
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Yulii's mother, Mirra Yakovlevna Burovskaya, was a theatre actress who performed at the
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Yulii was forbidden to contact his parents after he had started classified work in the
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and ended his research project as he prepared for his first foreign trip to England.
479:, which he found to be more stimulating. He studied physics under Russian physicists,
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in Germany; therefore returning to Soviet Union while his mother left for Palestine.
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by the Soviet Union in 1940 and, at the age of sixty-four, was then arrested by the
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Oblast to develop Soviet nuclear weapons (the organisation is now known as the
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441:. His travels were highly restricted by the Soviet Union and later by Russia.
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by Semyonov who asked the latter to help Yulii secure a fellowship at the
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family, on 27 February 1904. His father, Boris Osipovich Khariton, was a
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Khariton on a Russian stamp issued on the 100th anniversary of his birth
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Eleventh convocation members of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
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Fifth convocation members of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
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Third convocation members of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
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which he completed at the age of fifteen and found work at a local
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All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Physics
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workshop where he learned how to operate various machinery as a
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448:. At the age of eleven, he began attending regular school. In
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in 1933, where she remained until her death. She is buried in
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290:" and remained associated with the Soviet program for nearly
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Since the initiation of the Soviet program of developing the
87:
1854:
Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University alumni
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Honorary members of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences
1702:
1056:"Хроника атомной эры [Chronicle of the atomic era]"
393:
818:
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890:. London, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. clxxii.
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969:(1 ed.). New York: Prometheus Books. p. 495.
942:Человек столетия, или как создавался ядерный щит России
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of uranium. In August 1939, Zeldovich, Khariton and
533:
377:, subsequently working for an emigrant newspaper in
1934:
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
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384:His father, Boris Khariton, remained there until
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335:in Ukraine. His father worked for the newspaper
1839:Full Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
518:in England. In England, Khariton attended the
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645:) and supported requests not to detonate the
353:in 1917, Boris Khariton had clashes with the
260:; 27 February 1904 – 18 December 1996) was a
1844:Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
887:Buried Glory: Portraits of Soviet Scientists
1944:Nuclear weapons program of the Soviet Union
1859:Communist Party of the Soviet Union members
1790:Nuclear weapons program of the Soviet Union
1776:Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy
584:discussion of chain reactions in the USSR.
327:, editor, and publisher who had attained a
1771:Kazakhstan and weapons of mass destruction
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802:. Independent Russia Bureau. Independent.
267:who was a leading scientist in the former
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211:Scintillation produced by alpha-particles
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422:Having lived in Germany, Mirra moved to
1939:Recipients of the Order of the Red Star
1766:Ukraine and weapons of mass destruction
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626:in 1946, and as a full member in 1953.
624:Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union
510:Before departing, he was introduced to
1924:Recipients of the Lomonosov Gold Medal
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1761:Russia and weapons of mass destruction
1740:Russian espionage in the United States
1150:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. pp.
1119:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. pp.
1045:
1027:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. pp.
997:Оппенгеймер и Харитон: параллели жизни
526:in 1926. At Cambridge, he worked with
311:Yulii Borisovich Khariton was born in
1834:Alumni of the University of Cambridge
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1829:People from Sankt-Peterburgsky Uyezd
1084:"Харитон Юлий Борисович (1904-1996)"
765:Sublette, Carey (19 December 1996).
690:(1949, 1956, 1962, 1964, 1974, 1984)
669:
522:to do his doctoral in physics under
724:Great Gold Medal of M. V. Lomonosov
13:
14:
1985:
1713:Main Intelligence Directorate/GRU
1254:Soviet program of nuclear weapons
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792:Dalyell, Tam (23 December 1996).
706:Order of the Red Banner of Labour
604:bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
534:Soviet program of nuclear weapons
505:Leningrad Polytechnical Institute
469:Leningrad Polytechnical Institute
286:in 1943, Khariton was the "chief
147:Soviet program of nuclear weapons
131:Leningrad Polytechnical Institute
1929:Recipients of the Order of Lenin
1824:Scientists from Saint Petersburg
396:and sentenced to seven years of
307:Family, early life and education
113:
40:
1969:Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery
1819:20th-century Russian physicists
1168:
1137:
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921:Подвиг Юлия Борисовича Харитона
806:from the original on 7 May 2022
700:Order of the October Revolution
365:. His father was exiled to the
343:Constitutional Democratic Party
16:Russian physicist and scientist
1949:Russian theoretical physicists
1914:Recipients of the Stalin Prize
990:
935:
1:
1919:Recipients of the Lenin Prize
1698:Intelligence cycle management
751:
718:Gold Medal of I. V. Kurchatov
551:Institute of Chemical Physics
198:Institute of Chemical Physics
828:. Atomic Heritage Foundation
467:In 1920, he enrolled in the
319:, to an ethnic middle class
301:
234:Other academic advisors
7:
1208:Russian Academy of Sciences
734:
600:Russian Academy of Sciences
10:
1990:
1909:Heroes of Socialist Labour
963:Hargittai, Istvan (2010).
884:Hargittai, Istvan (2004).
1954:Jewish Russian physicists
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1144:Sakharov, Andrei (1990).
1113:Sakharov, Andrei (1990).
1021:Sakharov, Andrei (1990).
795:"Obituary: Yuli Khariton"
499:, which Semyonov called "
475:but later chose to study
357:due to his opposition to
257:
250:Yulii Borisovich Khariton
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771:nuclearweaponarchive.org
676:Hero of Socialist Labour
580:; this was the last pre-
559:chemical chain reactions
341:, the main organ of the
157:Hero of Socialist Labour
31:
549:In 1931, he joined the
520:University of Cambridge
288:nuclear weapon designer
136:University of Cambridge
1121:78, 137, 182, 218, 226
773:. nuclearweaponarchive
473:mechanical engineering
452:, he went to attend a
258:Юлий Борисович Харитон
1452:Vyacheslav Feodoritov
1437:V'yacheslav Danilenko
712:Order of the Red Star
570:Aleksandr Leipunskii
540:political propaganda
516:Cavendish Laboratory
325:political journalist
1571:Manfred von Ardenne
1502:Konstantin Petrzhak
1094:on 17 November 2018
947:14 May 2020 at the
651:radioactive fallout
489:Alexander Friedmann
375:Philosophers' ships
1974:Russian scientists
1537:Yevgeny Zababakhin
1417:Anatoly Alexandrov
1354:Vyacheslav Molotov
1002:6 May 2007 at the
926:6 May 2007 at the
826:"Yuli B. Khariton"
684:(1949, 1951, 1953)
678:(1949, 1951, 1954)
663:Yevgeny Zababakhin
409:Moscow Art Theatre
347:Russian revolution
296:Russian government
160:(1949, 1951, 1954)
1964:Soviet physicists
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1507:Isaak Pomeranchuk
1447:Nikolay Dollezhal
1359:Mikhail Pervukhin
1088:www.biblioatom.ru
670:Awards and legacy
524:Ernest Rutherford
404:, where he died.
351:Tsarist autocracy
247:
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228:Ernest Rutherford
174:Scientific career
80:December 18, 1996
62:February 27, 1904
1981:
1959:Soviet inventors
1754:Related Articles
1655:David Greenglass
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1542:Yakov Zel'dovich
1527:Kirill Shchelkin
1512:Evsei Rabinovich
1467:German Goncharov
1442:Viktor Davidenko
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1374:Pavel Sudoplatov
1323:Laboratory No. 2
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501:chemical physics
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413:Estonian woman
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1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1791:
1788:
1783:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1729:
1728:Russian Alsos
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1699:
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1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1665:Theodore Hall
1663:
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1653:
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1648:
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1602:
1599:
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1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
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1576:Heinz Barwich
1574:
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1472:Pyotr Kapitsa
1470:
1468:
1465:
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1460:
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1445:
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1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1385:
1384:Georgy Zhukov
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1369:Joseph Stalin
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
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1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1273:Novaya Zemlya
1271:
1269:
1268:Semipalatinsk
1266:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1248:
1243:
1241:
1236:
1234:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1219:
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1214:
1211:
1209:
1205:
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1201:
1181:
1180:www.vniief.ru
1177:
1171:
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1140:
1132:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1117:
1109:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1079:
1077:
1061:
1060:www.vniief.ru
1057:
1051:
1049:
1040:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1017:
1015:
1005:
1001:
998:
993:
978:
976:9781616142698
972:
968:
967:
959:
950:
946:
943:
938:
929:
925:
922:
917:
915:
899:
897:9780199985616
893:
889:
888:
880:
878:
876:
874:
872:
870:
868:
866:
864:
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
852:
850:
848:
846:
844:
827:
821:
805:
801:
796:
788:
772:
768:
761:
757:
747:
744:
742:
741:Russian Alsos
739:
738:
732:
725:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
673:
667:
664:
658:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
627:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
592:
590:
585:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
562:
560:
556:
552:
547:
545:
541:
531:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
512:Pyotr Kapitsa
508:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
442:
440:
435:
433:
429:
425:
420:
418:
414:
410:
405:
403:
399:
398:forced labour
395:
391:
387:
382:
380:
376:
372:
368:
367:Baltic states
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
339:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
284:Joseph Stalin
281:
276:
274:
270:
266:
263:
255:
251:
242:
239:
236:
232:
229:
226:
224:
220:
213:
212:
208:
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202:
199:
195:
192:
188:
185:
182:
178:
175:
171:
165:
158:
155:
151:
148:
145:
141:
137:
132:
129:
125:
122:
111:
107:
104:
101:
97:
93:
89:
79:
75:
71:
67:
54:
50:
43:
38:
29:
22:
19:
1786:
1690:Intelligence
1670:George Koval
1640:Morris Cohen
1616:
1606:Gernot Zippe
1581:Robert Döpel
1547:
1532:Yuri Trutnev
1517:Yuri Romanov
1482:Isaak Kikoin
1476:
1432:Yuri Babayev
1328:Laboratory V
1318:Zheleznogors
1303:Laboratory B
1183:. Retrieved
1179:
1170:
1146:
1139:
1115:
1108:
1096:. Retrieved
1092:the original
1087:
1063:. Retrieved
1059:
1023:
1007:(in Russian)
992:
980:. Retrieved
965:
958:
952:(in Russian)
937:
931:(in Russian)
901:. Retrieved
886:
830:. Retrieved
820:
808:. Retrieved
799:
787:
775:. Retrieved
770:
760:
746:Kharitonchik
729:
682:Stalin Prize
659:
628:
593:
589:World War II
586:
563:
548:
537:
509:
466:
454:trade school
443:
439:Soviet Union
436:
421:
417:Max Eitingon
406:
383:
337:
310:
292:four decades
277:
249:
248:
209:
190:Institutions
173:
102:
82:(1996-12-18)
33:Юлий Харитон
18:
1814:1996 deaths
1809:1904 births
1735:Soviet Army
1680:Saville Sax
1645:Klaus Fuchs
1596:Ernst Rexer
1349:Pavel Fitin
1308:Tryokhgorny
1206:– from the
1185:17 November
1098:17 November
1065:17 November
694:Lenin Prize
481:Abram Ioffe
280:atomic bomb
238:Abram Ioffe
164:Lenin Prize
109:Citizenship
1803:Categories
1675:Rosenbergs
1650:Harry Gold
1591:Heinz Pose
1393:Scientists
1364:Ivan Serov
1298:Novouralsk
1283:Sukhoy Nos
1161:0394537408
1130:0394537408
1038:0394537408
752:References
594:Physicist
544:Nazi Party
458:mechanical
390:annexation
355:Bolsheviks
329:law degree
58:1904-02-27
1787:See also:
1313:Snezhinsk
1152:153, p184
655:Snezhinsk
497:chemistry
471:to study
462:machinist
432:Jerusalem
428:Palestine
302:Biography
265:physicist
1632:Spy ring
1293:Atomgrad
1288:Totskoye
1000:Archived
982:23 April
945:Archived
924:Archived
903:20 April
832:20 April
810:20 April
804:Archived
777:20 April
735:See also
424:Tel Aviv
1745:Perseus
1558:Germans
1400:Soviets
1147:Memoirs
1116:Memoirs
1024:Memoirs
647:RDS-220
587:During
578:Ukraine
574:Kharkiv
542:of the
493:physics
477:physics
262:Russian
254:Russian
184:Physics
1158:
1127:
1035:
973:
894:
726:(1982)
720:(1974)
714:(1944)
708:(1945)
702:(1971)
696:(1956)
643:RDS-37
487:, and
386:Latvia
379:Latvia
371:Russia
216:(1928)
214:
205:Thesis
180:Fields
167:(1956)
153:Awards
121:Russia
118:
99:Siglum
92:Russia
1278:Semey
1261:Sites
635:RDS-1
612:Sarov
608:KB-11
402:Gulag
400:in a
369:from
331:from
88:Sarov
1708:NKGB
1703:NKVD
1617:more
1548:more
1187:2018
1156:ISBN
1125:ISBN
1100:2018
1067:2018
1033:ISBN
984:2017
971:ISBN
905:2017
892:ISBN
834:2017
812:2017
779:2017
394:NKVD
338:Rech
103:Yu.K
77:Died
52:Born
1723:PGU
1718:MGB
1029:170
582:war
495:in
426:in
388:'s
361:'s
282:by
271:of
1805::
1178:.
1154:.
1123:.
1086:.
1075:^
1058:.
1047:^
1031:.
1013:^
913:^
842:^
798:.
769:.
614:,
576:,
561:.
483:,
464:.
434:.
419:.
381:.
315:,
298:.
275:.
256::
90:,
68:,
1246:e
1239:t
1232:v
1189:.
1164:.
1133:.
1102:.
1069:.
1041:.
986:.
907:.
836:.
814:.
781:.
252:(
60:)
56:(
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