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returned to Berlin by leaving the press hotel early in the morning and hitching a ride to Compiègne with a German officer who despised Hitler. Once on site, Shirer was able to give an eye-witness account of that historical moment, "I am but fifty yards from . I have seen that face many times at the great moments of his life. But today! It is afire with scorn, anger, hate, revenge, triumph." Then he followed proceedings inside the railway car (as formerly used at signing of the 1918 armistice which Hitler intended to use to further humiliate France in addition to the recent defeat), listening to the transmission relayed to Berlin through a German army communications truck. After the armistice was signed, Shirer was allowed to transmit his own broadcast to Berlin, but only for recording and release after the Nazi version had been disseminated. Shirer spent five minutes before he went on the air calling CBS radio in New York, hoping that the broadcast would get through. It did. When German engineers in Berlin heard Shirer calling New York, they assumed that he was authorized to broadcast. Instead of sending his report to a recording machine as ordered, they put it on the shortwave transmitter. When CBS heard Shirer's call, transmission was put through live, thus for six hours Shirer's report was the only news the world had of the
Armistice.
804:(who was the largest single advertiser on CBS at the time) to broadcast in Chicago (which upset Paley), a subtle rivalry between Shirer and Murrow (that Shirer contends he never felt), and the fact Paley and Murrow blamed Shirer for the negative publicity that arose from Shirer's leaving. CBS received thousands of letters and phone calls protesting the end of Shirer's broadcasts. Tuesday after the broadcast announcing Shirer's final show would be in a week, picketers appeared in front of the entrance to CBS. The episode hastened Murrow's desire to give up his vice-presidency and return to newscasting. It foreshadowed his misgivings about the future of broadcast journalism and his difficulties with Paley.
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688:, a firsthand, day-by-day account of events in Nazi Germany during five years of peace and one year of war. It was published in 1941. Historians comparing the original manuscript diary with the published text discovered that Shirer made many changes. Like many others his early impressions of Hitler had been favourable, and revised later. Much of the text about the pre-1934 to 1938 period was first written long after the war began.
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789:, did not seek another sponsor, moved Shirer's program to Sunday midday and then stopped producing it, all within a month. CBS maintained that Shirer resigned based on a comment made in an impromptu interview, but Shirer said he was essentially forced out: "I had no intention of staying on with CBS so that Paley and Murrow could humiliate me further."
651:' Propaganda Ministry objected to their reporting, they could withdraw access to state-owned broadcasting facilities or expel them from Germany. Shirer was granted more freedom than German reporters writing or broadcasting for domestic audiences. At the beginning of the war, German officials established
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The next day, CBS's New York headquarters asked Shirer and Murrow to produce a
European roundup, a 30-minute broadcast featuring live reporting from five European capitals: Berlin, Vienna, Paris, Rome, and London. The broadcast, arranged in eight hours using the telephone and broadcasting facilities
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Murrow offered Shirer a job subject to an audition—a "trial broadcast"—to let CBS directors and vice presidents in New York judge Shirer's voice. Shirer feared that his reedy voice was unsuitable for radio, but he was hired. As
European bureau chief, he set up headquarters in Vienna, a more central
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In 1931, Shirer married
Theresa ("Tess") Stiberitz, an Austrian photographer. The couple had two daughters, Eileen ("Inga") and Linda. Shirer and his wife divorced in 1970. In 1972 he married Martha Pelton, whom he divorced in 1975. His third (and final) marriage was to Irina Lugovskaya, a long-time
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which he knew could be terminal, tried to heal the breach with Shirer by inviting the
Shirers to his farm in 1964. Murrow tried to discuss the breach. Though the two chatted, Shirer steered the conversation away from contentious issues between the two men, and they never had another opportunity to
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in Cedar Rapids. He graduated from Coe in 1925. He had to deliver newspapers and sell eggs to help the family finances. After leaving school he worked on the local newspaper, but ultimately was determined to leave Iowa. Working his way to Europe on a cattle boat with the intention of spending the
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was hailed as a masterpiece. On the day before the armistice was to be signed, Hitler ordered all foreign correspondents covering the German Army from Paris to move back to Berlin. It was Hitler's intention that the
Armistice should be reported to the world by Nazi sources. Shirer avoided being
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and more neutral spot than Berlin. His job was to arrange broadcasts, and early in his career he expressed disappointment at having to hire newspaper correspondents to do the broadcasting; at the time, CBS correspondents were prohibited from speaking on the radio. Shirer was thus the first of "
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As the summer of 1940 progressed, the Nazi government pressed Shirer to broadcast official accounts that he knew were incomplete or false. As his frustration grew, he wrote to bosses in New York that tightening censorship was undermining his ability to report objectively and mused that he had
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Shirer blamed Murrow for his departure from CBS, referring to Murrow as "Paley's toady". He admitted to being "puzzled" as to why Murrow (and Paley) did not stand by him in this situation. Shirer believed there were possibly several factors: he had turned down an offer from
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751:'s Overbrook Foundation advanced Shirer $ 5,000 ($ 52,500 in 2024 dollars) and promised another $ 5,000 six months later, enabling Shirer to finish his monumental tome. In the third volume of his autobiography, Shirer writes: "This saved my life and my book."
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speak before Murrow died in 1965. Shirer's daughter also writes that, shortly before her father's death in 1993, he rebuffed her attempts to learn the source of the breach that opened between the two journalists 45 years earlier. However, in
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The dispute between Shirer and Murrow started in 1947 when J. B. Williams, a maker of shaving soap, withdrew sponsorship of Shirer's Sunday news show. CBS, through Murrow, who was then vice president for public affairs, and CBS head
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However, as the war continued and as
Britain began to bomb German cities, including Berlin, Nazi censorship became more onerous to Shirer and his colleagues. In contrast to Murrow's live broadcasts of German bombing of London in
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but lacked the facilities to report it to his audience. Occupying German troops controlling the
Austrian state radio studio would not let him broadcast. At Murrow's suggestion, Shirer flew to London via Berlin; he recalled in
1012:(1984), the second volume of his autobiography, adding: "From that hasty development sprang the principal format of broadcast news — first over the radio, then over television — as we have known it ever since."
446:. Shirer lived and worked in Paris for several years starting in 1925. He left in the early 1930s but returned briefly to Paris in 1934 and then after Hitler's establishment of the Third Reich worked as a correspondent in
734:(1950), which practically barred him from broadcasting and print journalism, and he was forced into lecturing for income. Times remained tough for Shirer, his wife Tess, and daughters Inga and Linda until in 1960
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CBS's prohibition of correspondents talking on the radio, viewed by Murrow and Shirer as "absurd", ended in March 1938. Shirer was in Vienna on March 11, 1938, when the German annexation of
Austria (
663:, foreign correspondents in Germany were not allowed to report British air raids on German cities. They were not permitted to cast doubt on statements by the Propaganda Ministry and Military
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that the direct flight to London was filled with Jews trying to escape from German-occupied
Austria. Once in London, Shirer broadcast the first uncensored eyewitness account of the
502:, Shirer described this move as going from "bad to Hearst". When Universal Service folded in August 1937, Shirer was first taken on as second man by Hearst's other wire service,
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The friendship between Shirer and Murrow ended in 1947, culminating in Shirer's leaving CBS in one of the great confrontations of American broadcast journalism (below).
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gained paperback rights for $ 400,000 – a record for the time – and a further 1 million copies were sold at $ 1.65 (equivalent to $ 17 in 2023). It won the 1961
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Shirer contended that the root of his troubles was that the network and sponsor did not stand by him because of his on-air comments, such as those critical of the
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was building an espionage case against him, which carried the death penalty. Shirer began making arrangements to leave Germany, which he did in December 1940.
389:(1939–1940). Together with Murrow, on Sunday, March 13, 1938, he organized the first broadcast world news roundup, a format still followed by news broadcasts.
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of the day, was a major feat. This first news roundup established a formula still used in broadcast journalism. It was also the genesis of what became
744:. In the summer of 1958, when Shirer was "flat broke" and desperate for funds that would permit him to finish writing, at the recommendation of
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In peacetime, Shirer's reporting was subject only to self-censorship. He and other reporters in Germany knew that if Nazi officials in
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The book became a bestseller. The hardback was reprinted 20 times in the first year and sold more than 600,000 copies through the
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When war broke out on the Western Front in 1940, Shirer moved forward with the German troops, reporting firsthand on the German "
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on September 1, 1939. During much of the pre-war period, Shirer was based in Berlin and attended Hitler's speeches and several
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Shirer's father was a Chicago lawyer, when he was born in 1904. When he was a child, his father died and the family moved to
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Strobl, Michael (2013). "Writings of History: Authenticity and Self-Censorship in William L. Shirer's Berlin Diary".
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that might "create an unfavorable impression". Shirer resorted to subtler ways until the censors caught on.
346:; February 23, 1904 – December 28, 1993) was an American journalist, war correspondent, and historian. His
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from 1925 to 1932, covering Europe, the Near East and India. In India he formed a friendship with
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Shirer offers a detailed account of these experiences in the three volumes of his autobiography,
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before reporting on the growing tensions between Germany and Poland in 1939 and the German
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still on the network each morning and evening, network broadcasting's oldest news series.
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outlived his usefulness in Berlin. Shirer was subsequently tipped off that the
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The friendship between Shirer and Murrow never recovered. In her preface to
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and then found himself unable to find regular radio work. He was named in
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for Outstanding Reporting and Interpretation of News for his work at
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As a journalist, Shirer covered the strengthening one-party rule in
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As a young man just out of college, in 1925 Shirer was hired by the
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Midcentury Journey: The Western World Through Its Years of Conflict
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1341:(Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2015) xxviii, 548 pp.
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Love and Hatred: The Troubled Marriage of Leo and Sonya Tolstoy
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As Shirer recounts in the three volumes of his autobiography,
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American journalist, war correspondent, and author (1904–1993)
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invasion of the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Belgium, and France
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A Complex Fate: William L. Shirer and the American Century
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William L. Shirer, Author, Is Dead at 89 - NYTimes.com
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This is Berlin: Reporting from Nazi Germany, 1938–40
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and critical acclaim ensured its success in the US.
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843:: The Journal of a Foreign Correspondent, 1934–1941
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1179:(Boston: Little, Brown, 1990), pp. 233-34.
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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436:He was a European correspondent for the
392:Shirer published fourteen books besides
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1025:Shirer, William L. (October 11, 2011).
941:20th Century Journey: A Native's Return
691:He returned to Europe to report on the
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1362:1984 audio interview of William Shirer
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1284:Edward R. Murrow: An American Original
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990:List of books by or about Adolf Hitler
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458:. Shirer and Irina had no children.
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862:The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich
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377:radio team of journalists known as "
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1148:"Peabody Awards for '46 Announced"
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770:National Book Award for Nonfiction
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1309:The Rise and Fall of Adolf Hitler
1307:Shirer, William Lawrence (1961).
1282:Persico, Joseph (November 1988).
1261:. Little Brown. pp. 93–120.
869:The Rise and Fall of Adolf Hitler
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1563:George Polk Award recipients
855:The Challenge of Scandinavia
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1463:The Sinking of the Bismarck
1286:. McGraw-Hill. p. 17.
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1583:Historians of World War II
1257:William L. Shirer (1990).
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1102:William L. Shirer (1984).
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1193:National Book Foundation
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1195:. Retrieved 2012-02-20.
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710:Shirer received a 1946
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461:Shirer was residing in
318:William Lawrence Shirer
149:William Lawrence Shirer
1357:More on William Shirer
1031:. Simon and Schuster.
756:Book of the Month Club
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565:CBS World News Roundup
513:, European manager of
454:teacher of Russian at
426:Washington High School
1578:Peabody Award winners
1206:Rosenfeld, Gavriel D.
1080:Retrieved 2017-05-05.
909:20th Century Journey:
849:End of a Berlin Diary
637:armistice with France
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402:(published in 1941),
217:Journalist, historian
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1568:Historians of Nazism
1173:20th Century Journey
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822:20th Century Journey
736:Simon & Schuster
519:The Nightmare Years,
463:Lenox, Massachusetts
456:Simon's Rock College
410:20th Century Journey
272: 1972;
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1477:The Nightmare Years
1171:William L. Shirer,
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912:The Nightmare Years
818:The Nightmare Years
608:Shirer (center) in
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58:"William L. Shirer"
1558:Coe College alumni
1382:2012-02-26 at the
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971:Stranger Come Home
774:Carey–Thomas Award
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469:Pre-war years
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416:Personal life
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214:Occupation(s)
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60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1475:
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1461:
1454:
1449:Berlin Diary
1447:
1433:
1338:
1311:. New York:
1308:
1302:
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1200:
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1172:
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1155:. Retrieved
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926:Anthony Page
924:directed by
920:made into a
911:
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848:
841:Berlin Diary
839:
821:
817:
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802:Phil Wrigley
798:
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731:Red Channels
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690:
685:Berlin Diary
683:
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673:
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665:High Command
657:
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586:World War II
571:
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551:Berlin Diary
549:
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499:Berlin Diary
497:
491:
479:Adolf Hitler
475:Nazi Germany
472:
460:
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437:
435:
422:Cedar Rapids
419:
409:
403:
399:Berlin Diary
397:
396:, including
393:
391:
387:World War II
360:
358:
354:Nazi Germany
347:
317:
316:
179:(1993-12-28)
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1513:1993 deaths
1508:1904 births
1441:Non-fiction
1388:Coe College
965:The Traitor
833:Non-fiction
813:lung cancer
430:Coe College
208:Coe College
196:Nationality
1502:Categories
1293:0070494800
1175:, vol. 3,
1106:, Boston:
996:References
653:censorship
618:Blitzkrieg
556:annexation
541:Max Jordan
155:1904-02-23
99:March 2012
69:newspapers
1432:Works of
1239:159606806
1093:, p. 115.
932:as Shirer
695:in 1945.
661:the Blitz
641:Compiègne
610:Compiegne
594:Nuremberg
532:Anschluss
1380:Archived
1208:(1995).
1089:Shirer,
984:See also
483:Saarland
308:Children
199:American
167:Illinois
1321:3363324
959:Fiction
677:Gestapo
301:
293:
289:
278:
266:
262:
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239:
235:
222:Spouses
163:Chicago
83:scholar
1319:
1290:
1265:
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979:(1956)
973:(1954)
967:(1950)
951:1999:
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901:1979:
887:1969:
879:1962:
873:1961:
867:1961:
859:1960:
853:1955:
847:1947:
838:1941:
539:rival
448:Berlin
383:Berlin
185:Boston
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1235:S2CID
1213:(PDF)
1151:(PDF)
928:with
828:Books
630:Paris
545:scoop
295:(
291:
268:(
264:
241:(
237:
90:JSTOR
76:books
1397:IMDb
1317:OCLC
1288:ISBN
1263:ISBN
1159:2014
1033:ISBN
772:and
669:Nazi
576:and
428:and
274:div.
247:div.
174:Died
145:Born
62:news
1395:at
1227:doi
1130:doi
716:CBS
592:in
537:NBC
375:CBS
45:by
1504::
1315:.
1247:^
1233:.
1223:29
1221:.
1215:.
1191:.
1126:66
1124:.
1017:^
718:.
596:.
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339:ər
333:aɪ
297:m.
270:m.
243:m.
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336:r
330:ʃ
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324:/
320:(
311:2
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153:(
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106:(
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97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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