268:
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428:
351:
roster of individual personnel. In June, soldiers of the State Guard
Reserve began to be reconstituted into a formed force with the activation of the Fourth Washington Volunteer Infantry Regiment. As of December the regiment was fully trained and equipped and, by early 1942, the size of the State Guard had increased to just over 4,000 soldiers and officers with the force reorganized into two brigades. The bulk of the force spent the rest of 1942 conducting weekly drills to repel an anticipated Japanese invasion of Washington, while a smaller contingent of 30 personnel were activated to full-time status to man nine observation posts on the
221:
456:
342:, Lister resolved that a fallback military force would need to be raised to guard against insurrection while the Washington National Guard was in federal service. Contingency plans for such a force had already been drawn-up by the state's military department and Governor Lister authorized its creation on July 11, 1917. Sixteen infantry companies were organized into what was designated the Third Provisional Regiment and the Washington State Guard became operational on November 15, 1917. With the end of World War I came the disbandment of the State Guard.
491:
477:
405:. It soon recruited 112 former U.S. Army and Washington National Guard officers; the force was conceived of and organized as a command nucleus around which a larger element could be rapidly raised in the event of a crisis. It was formed into a skeleton headquarters detachment and five cadre-staffed internal security battalions which, if brought to full strength, would fulfill public order and civil defense missions. By the 1970s it had grown to 164 officers, added an eight-man air section posted to the
205:
463:
1300:
61:
371:
569:
26:
542:
to coordinate
National Guard resource requests to state or federally declared disasters. State Guard members may resign their enlistment or commission at any time, unless mobilized or in paid state active duty status. Most WSG soldiers have served in the military, but some come straight from civilian
559:
The
Washington State Guard has an authorized cadre strength of 120 plus military personnel. Officers and enlisted personnel train mostly on a voluntary basis without pay, unless authorized and/or mobilized by the Governor of Washington, at which time they are paid at the same rate an equivalent rank
607:
As a component of the militia, the State Guard is under the ultimate authority of the governor in his role as commander-in-chief of
Washington's armed forces. Chapter eight, section 100 of Title 38 sets-out that the governor may "send militia of this state into areas of any bordering state adjacent
391:
The returned ability of states to raise a military separate from the
National Guard saw Washington "at the forefront" of a small number of states that quickly moved to resurrect their forces, a callback to Washington's decision two decades before to outfit an unusually large and robust State Guard.
382:
In 1950, three years after the dissolution of the
Washington State Guard, provisions of federal law which permitted states to raise military forces separate from their National Guards expired. A 1953 legal opinion penned by the Attorney-General of Washington concluded that "there is no provision in
350:
carried with it a heightened threat of invasion and the new force would need to be reorganized to defend the state's territory rather than simply fulfill civil assistance missions. Recruiting was suspended and the entirety of the force was organized into the State Guard
Reserve, which was simply a
309:
In 1903, with the passage of the Dicks Act, the
Washington militia – and, with it, the militias of the other states – were standardized as the National Guard and became part of the reserve forces of the United States, "the first step towards the eventual federalization of the traditional organized
537:
in Tacoma, Washington. State Guard soldiers drill in a non-pay status one day a month and two days during the summer. However, WSG soldiers can and have been called up to paid state active duty to support the
Washington Military Department in a variety of missions within the state. They have been
396:
issued an executive order commanding that "the
Washington State Guard Reserve is established as a part of the organized militia of the State ... function as an additional internal security force within the State for employment, in event of an emergency declared by the Governor, to augment the
345:
In January 1941 the Washington National Guard was mobilized into federal service and the Washington State Guard reestablished to assume responsibility for state military missions. Not long after, however, it was determined by state officials that the increased probability of U.S. entry into
546:
Despite the terms (e.g. "brigade" and "battalion") used for the units comprising the State Guard, actual personnel strength is cadre only, meaning that while a skeleton organization exists, for real-world deployment the organization would have to be filled by the "calling out" of the
608:
to the common boundary as may be necessary to provide effective protection" while section 60 establishes that "whenever any portion of the militia is ordered to duty by the governor, the decision of the governor shall be final, incontrovertible, and unimpeachable".
383:
the National Defense Act for the organization or maintenance of military forces, other than the National Guard, within the state. The organization of the state guard reserve at this time would not be authorized". In 1958, however, an amendment to the
355:. The State Guard, during this time, was primarily composed of older men, however, in 1944 the state began actively recruiting younger males with the idea that it could provide a potential source of post-war manpower for the returned National Guard.
287:
sparked panic throughout the territory that an Indian uprising was in progress; hastily organized WTV companies elected their own officers and quickly put to the field with little in the way of arms or provisions. Ignoring regulations, nearby
596:
with the authority to commission its officers, while Article III of the constitution places the governor as "commander-in-chief of the military in the state except when they shall be called into the service of the United States".
387:
provided that "in addition to its National Guard, if any, a State, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, Guam, or the Virgin Islands may, as provided by its laws, organize and maintain defense forces".
400:
Creation of the Washington State Guard Reserve came at the instigation of adjutant-general Gen. George Haskett due to concern the entire National Guard might be deployed outside the state in the event of war with the
641:
Organization of the State Guard Reserve was also intended to arrest a tendency that "had developed in many of the coastal areas to organize guerilla bands, which were not tied in with any law enforcement
358:
During World War II, Washington's unusually large State Guard – relative to those maintained by other states – "reflected its insecurities over its exposed location". In 1947, with the end of
283:
authorized the creation of the Washington Territorial Volunteers (WTV), the first militia raised in what would become the state of Washington. The defeat of the U.S. Army that year at the
397:
National Guard in protecting life and property; preserving order and public safety; and taking preventive action against threats to the internal security of the State".
604:(RCW) which establishes that the "militia of the state of Washington shall consist of ... all persons who are members of the national guard and the state guard."
1719:
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1141:
177:
1289:
34:
504:
1709:
855:
Lambeth, Robert (2015). "Scabbing the Palouse: agricultural labor replacement and union busting in southeast Washington, 1917–1919".
1714:
764:
318:
In the early 20th century Washington saw increasing levels of civil unrest, occasioned in part by the growing influence of the
267:
1633:
760:
560:
in the National Guard would be paid. State Guard personnel, however, are eligible for free hunting licenses in Washington.
1307:
995:
335:
292:
posts supplied the territorial forces with firearms, as did the captains of two federal warships operating in the area:
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1019:
214:
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406:
984:
622:
319:
1371:
960:
839:
705:
247:
1045:
949:
1688:
1275:
585:
306:. Over the course of the conflict, one half of all adult men in the territory would render military service.
251:
1077:
1628:
1603:
1488:
1452:
589:
1573:
1473:
1341:
455:
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1457:
1396:
1386:
1321:
1233:
1202:
1056:
601:
1613:
1493:
284:
197:
25:
891:"Spokane IWW office is raided, leaders are arrested, and martial law is declared on August 19, 1917"
439:
427:
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1673:
1668:
1663:
1648:
1618:
1533:
1518:
1478:
617:
30:
1683:
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243:
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8:
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220:
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66:
572:
Col. Terry Larue, (Ret.) commander, Washington State Guard (right), shakes hands with
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352:
90:
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864:
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The legal status of the State Guard, specifically, is laid-out in Title 38 of the
1376:
123:
540:
State Emergency Operations Center and many county emergency operations centers
1703:
750:"AMERICA'S STATE DEFENSE FORCES: AN HISTORICAL COMPONENT OF NATIONAL DEFENSE"
327:
94:
86:
1114:
402:
359:
347:
1299:
895:
534:
339:
331:
246:. It is an element of the state's military forces which also include the
112:
734:
890:
276:
161:
370:
573:
384:
289:
826:
The American Home Guard: The State Militia in the Twentieth Century
1142:"Washington offers free hunting licenses to national, state guard"
1261:
721:
Prosch, Thomas (1915). "The Indian War in Washington Territory".
530:
518:
514:
323:
146:
698:
Bulwark of the Republic: The American Militia in Antebellum West
1297:
923:
568:
1020:"CIVIL DEFENSE ‑- USE OF FUNDS TO EQUIP STATE GUARD RESERVE"
374:
In 1960, after a 13-year hiatus, Governor Albert Rosellini (
338:
troops into the city. With the potential of U.S. entry into
200:(also worn by Headquarters, Washington Army National Guard)
35:
Washington Army National Guard Element, Joint Headquarters
409:, and was officially renamed the Washington State Guard.
37:
with the addition of the Washington State Guard (WSG) tab
378:) ordered the reactivation of the Washington State Guard
667:"Klippert promoted to command Washington State Guard"
1229:"Compacts with other states for guarding boundaries"
313:
1701:
924:"A Short History of the Washington State Guard"
580:, at the 2012 Washington State Guard dining out
517:. The First Infantry Brigade is located at the
271:Territorial Militia pictured in Seattle in 1880
723:The Quarterly of the Oregon Historical Society
1283:
362:, the State Guard was, once more, disbanded.
529:. The Second Infantry Brigade is located in
830:. Texas A&M University Press. pp.
513:The Washington State Guard consists of two
1290:
1276:
821:
24:
1720:State defense forces of the United States
1115:"Overview and Frequently Asked Questions"
950:"Proceedings of the Governors Conference"
664:
979:
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817:
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813:
811:
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369:
266:
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797:
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770:from the original on September 24, 2015
521:Armory and maintains two battalions in
1702:
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1107:
1014:
1012:
720:
691:
689:
687:
1271:
974:
918:
916:
914:
714:
592:to create a militia and empowers the
1634:North Carolina State Defense Militia
782:
761:Defense Technical Information Center
695:
660:
658:
462:
1458:Texas State Guard Maritime Regiment
1104:
1009:
996:United States Department of Defense
684:
665:Culverell, Wendy (August 8, 2016).
490:
476:
445:Washington State Guard, 2nd Brigade
433:Washington State Guard, 1st Brigade
13:
911:
219:
203:
14:
1731:
1579:Massachusetts State Defense Force
1255:
655:
578:Lieutenant Governor of Washington
407:King County International Airport
275:In early 1855, on the eve of the
1710:Government of Washington (state)
1298:
1026:. Attorney-General of Washington
985:"U.S. Home Defense Forces Study"
747:
623:Washington Wing Civil Air Patrol
489:
475:
461:
454:
438:
426:
334:and order a major deployment of
59:
1221:
1190:
1169:"Washington State Constitution"
1161:
1140:Landers, Rich (June 13, 2016).
1133:
1070:
1038:
700:. Greenwood. pp. 154–160.
635:
412:
320:Industrial Workers of the World
314:Establishment and early history
1715:Military in Washington (state)
1372:New Mexico State Defense Force
961:National Governors Association
942:
883:
848:
741:
563:
551:of the state by the Governor.
322:in the state. Disturbances in
248:Washington Army National Guard
147:https://mil.wa.gov/state-guard
1:
1689:Wisconsin State Defense Force
869:10.1080/0023656X.2016.1086562
649:
586:Washington State Constitution
262:
252:Washington Air National Guard
1629:North Carolina Naval Militia
1604:Missouri State Defense Force
1489:Colorado State Defense Force
1453:South Carolina Naval Militia
1198:"Composition of the militia"
1173:Washington State Legislature
590:Washington State Legislature
554:
508:Washington State Guard posts
420:Former brigade beret flashes
7:
1574:Massachusetts Naval Militia
1474:Alabama State Defense Force
1467:Inactive/historical/defunct
1342:Georgia State Defense Force
611:
533:. The WSG HQ is located at
365:
10:
1736:
1659:Rhode Island Naval Militia
1397:South Carolina State Guard
1387:Oregon Civil Defense Force
1322:Alaska State Defense Force
1234:Revised Code of Washington
1203:Revised Code of Washington
1078:"General Orders Number 20"
1057:Government Printing Office
822:Stentiford, Barry (2002).
602:Revised Code of Washington
392:On May 19, 1960, Governor
326:in 1917 prompted Governor
257:
1614:New Hampshire State Guard
1494:Connecticut Naval Militia
1466:
1430:
1314:
696:Rowe, Mary Ellen (2003).
285:Battle of Toppenish Creek
213:
198:Distinctive unit insignia
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191:
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172:
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134:
118:
108:
100:
82:
72:
54:
42:
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18:
1679:Washington Naval Militia
1674:Utah State Defense Force
1669:South Dakota State Guard
1664:Rhode Island State Guard
1649:Pennsylvania State Guard
1619:New Jersey Naval Militia
1534:Illinois Reserve Militia
1519:Hawaii Territorial Guard
1479:Alaska Territorial Guard
1121:. Washington State Guard
1046:"Amendments to Title 32"
930:. Washington State Guard
628:
618:Washington Naval Militia
31:Shoulder sleeve insignia
1684:Wisconsin Naval Militia
1589:Minnesota Naval Militia
1559:Louisiana Naval Militia
1554:Kentucky Active Militia
1392:Puerto Rico State Guard
1367:Mississippi State Guard
1332:Connecticut State Guard
1624:New Jersey State Guard
1599:Missouri Naval Militia
1584:Michigan Naval Militia
1569:Maryland Naval Militia
1529:Illinois Naval Militia
1443:New York Naval Militia
1422:Washington State Guard
1417:Virginia Defense Force
1362:Michigan Defense Force
1357:Maryland Defense Force
1327:California State Guard
1262:Washington State Guard
1086:Governor of Washington
594:Governor of Washington
581:
379:
272:
236:Washington State Guard
224:
208:
127:
77:military reserve force
19:Washington State Guard
1594:Minnesota State Guard
1539:Indiana Naval Militia
1509:Georgia Naval Militia
1504:Florida Naval Militia
1402:Tennessee State Guard
1382:Ohio Military Reserve
1352:Louisiana State Guard
1347:Indiana Guard Reserve
571:
373:
279:, the legislature of
270:
242:of the U.S. state of
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135:For State and Country
128:Pro Civitas Et Patria
1644:Oregon Naval Militia
1639:Oklahoma State Guard
1609:Nebraska State Guard
1514:Hawaii Naval Militia
1499:Delaware State Guard
1484:Arkansas State Guard
1438:Alaska Naval Militia
1315:State defense forces
1304:State defense forces
505:class=notpageimage|
281:Washington Territory
1412:Vermont State Guard
1337:Florida State Guard
1239:State of Washington
1208:State of Washington
1177:State of Washington
1091:State of Washington
549:unorganized militia
240:state defense force
1549:Kansas State Guard
1448:Ohio Naval Militia
582:
380:
273:
225:
209:
187:LTC Peter Lukevich
158:Commander-in-Chief
1697:
1696:
1654:Pennsylvania Navy
1564:Maine State Guard
1524:Idaho State Guard
1407:Texas State Guard
584:Article X of the
353:Olympic Peninsula
229:
228:
138:
91:internal security
1727:
1544:Iowa State Guard
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1147:Spokesman Review
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538:deployed to the
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394:Albert Rosellini
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28:
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849:
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834:–147, 209–210.
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671:Tri-City Herald
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1377:New York Guard
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863:(4): 521–540.
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564:Legal basis
535:Camp Murray
497:2nd Brigade
483:1st Brigade
340:World War I
332:martial law
330:to declare
215:Beret flash
166:as Governor
113:Camp Murray
109:Garrison/HQ
1704:Categories
1119:mil.wa.gov
1024:atg.wa.gov
966:January 1,
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650:References
310:militia".
301:USRC
277:Yakima War
263:Background
244:Washington
162:Jay Inslee
153:Commanders
133:(English:
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55:Allegiance
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877:155917535
574:Brad Owen
555:Personnel
385:U.S. Code
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642:agency".
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376:pictured
366:Cold War
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192:Insignia
119:Motto(s)
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957:nga.org
531:Spokane
527:Everett
523:Olympia
519:Seattle
324:Spokane
296:Decatur
258:History
238:is the
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731:JSTOR
629:Notes
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