2176:
2165:
114:
1170:
Menning, M.; Alekseev, A.S.; Chuvashov, B.I.; Davydov, V.I.; Devuyst, F.-X.; Forke, H.C.; Grunt, T.A.; Hance, L.; Heckel, P.H.; Izokh, N.G.; Jin, Y.-G.; Jones, P.J.; Kotlyar, G.V.; Kozur, H.W.; Nemyrovska, T.I.; Schneider, J.W.; Wang, X.-D.; Weddige, K.; Weyer, D. & Work,
1175:
Global time scale and regional stratigraphic reference scales of
Central and West Europe, East Europe, Tethys, South China, and North America as used in the Devonian–Carboniferous–Permian Correlation Chart 2003 (DCP
908:. Before being used as an international stage, the Viséan Stage was part of the (West) European regional geologic time scale, in which it followed the Tournaisian Stage and is followed by the
1373:
Smithson, T. R.; Carroll, R. L.; Panchen, A. L.; Andrews, S. M. (1993). "Westlothiana lizziae from the Viséan of East
Kirkton, West Lothian, Scotland, and the amniote stem".
801:
996:
1545:
718:
958:
937:
707:
1192:
A proposed Global
Stratotype Section and Point for the base of the Visean Stage (Carboniferous): the Pengchong section, Guangxi, South China
1538:
1469:
1465:
1483:
846:
810:
647:
590:
1494:
1266:
Yao, Le; Aretz, Markus; Wignall, Paul B.; Chen, Jitao; Vachard, Daniel; Qi, Yuping; Shen, Shuzhong; Wang, Xiangdong (April 2020).
2204:
1531:
1472:
time scales for the
Carboniferous at the website of the Norwegian network of offshore records of geology and stratigraphy
1220:
Shi, Yukun; Wang, Xiangdong; Fan, Junxuan; Huang, Hao; Xu, Huiqing; Zhao, Yingying; Shen, Shuzhong (September 2021).
519:
1208:
Late Visean/early
Serpukhovian conodont succession from the Triollo section, Palencia (Cantabrian Mountains, Spain)
732:
2219:
2214:
1091:
In
British stratigraphy, the Visean is subdivided into five substages. From youngest to oldest, these are:
1267:
1554:
1222:"Carboniferous-earliest Permian marine biodiversification event (CPBE) during the Late Paleozoic Ice Age"
636:
897:
945:
1/morphotype 2). The type locality for the stage base used to be in a road section below the castle of
1221:
466:
2209:
1452:, Mémoires couronnés par l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles 8 (3), VII.
1827:
1822:
1000:
950:
537:
325:
314:
699:
17:
1444:
1268:"The longest delay: Re-emergence of coral reef ecosystems after the Late Devonian extinctions"
924:
stages. In the
Chinese regional time scale, it correlates with the lower and middle Tatangian
1475:
1424:
The
Carboniferous system, use of the new official names for the subsystems, series and stages
1272:
965:. The top (the base of the Serpukhovian and Namurian) is laid at the first appearance of the
925:
865:
1127:
1331:
1281:
1233:
1145:
857:
853:
681:
391:
358:
8:
2158:
380:
347:
1335:
1285:
1237:
912:
Stage. In the North
American regional scale, the Viséan Stage correlates with the upper
1398:
1355:
1297:
849:
402:
369:
2199:
1188:
Devuyst, F.X.; Hance, L.; Hou, H.-F.; Wu, X.; Tian, S.; Coen, M. & Sevastopulo, G.
1956:
1920:
1402:
1390:
1347:
1301:
861:
1293:
1245:
905:
2050:
1925:
1894:
1691:
1382:
1359:
1339:
1289:
1241:
1014:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2019:
1915:
1853:
1748:
1717:
1686:
41:
2175:
2169:
1988:
1858:
1753:
1722:
814:
805:
575:
556:
1523:
1386:
1375:
Earth and
Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
2193:
1889:
1879:
1848:
1811:
1743:
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1496:
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842:
747:
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671:
336:
293:
72:
2180:
2111:
1961:
1884:
1026:
983:
881:
703:
448:
1178:, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 240 (1-2): pp 318–372.
953:
proved to be insufficient for the purpose of stratigraphic correlation. A
2106:
1975:
1951:
1796:
1591:
877:
430:
47:
999:
began in the Viséan, coinciding with the start of the main phase of the
2101:
2061:
2004:
1904:
1801:
1675:
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917:
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92:
57:
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1999:
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909:
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82:
67:
62:
52:
1109:
Chadian (the lower part of this substage falls in the Tournaisian)
2090:
2030:
1780:
1617:
1601:
1039:
1031:
1007:
975:
913:
893:
818:
722:
304:
113:
102:
77:
901:
2126:
2009:
1643:
1322:
Smithson, T. R. (December 1989). "The earliest known reptile".
962:
946:
931:
The base of the Viséan Stage is at the first appearance of the
1450:
Mémoire sur la constitution géologique de la province de Liège
1042:, more recent research has cast doubt on this interpretation.
1372:
726:
1010:
954:
1038:. Though originally thought to be the earliest discovered
997:
Carboniferous-Earliest Permian Biodiversification Event
1265:
1006:The late Viséan saw the widespread reappearance of
900:in 1832. Dumont named this stage after the city of
130:
589:Subdivision of the Carboniferous according to the
2191:
1553:
1219:
1539:
1366:
1315:
1050:The Visean contains four conodont biozones:
1134:. International Commission on Stratigraphy.
1546:
1532:
1259:
1148:. International Commission on Stratigraphy
596:Vertical axis scale: millions of years ago
1165:
1163:
1146:"International Chronostratigraphic Chart"
961:near Penchong in the Chinese province of
1321:
872:. The Visean lasted from 346.7 to 330.9
796:Upper boundary GSSP candidate section(s)
1138:
887:
14:
2192:
1160:
586:
1527:
1024:that lived during the Visean age was
780:Upper boundary definition candidates
564:
545:
527:
509:
2145:= kiloannum (thousands years ago);
1213:
1013:after their devastation during the
892:The Viséan Stage was introduced by
24:
2149:= megaannum (millions years ago);
1437:
1045:
25:
2231:
2153:= gigaannum (billions years ago).
1459:
880:age/stage and is followed by the
520:Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse
118:Paleogeography of the late Viséan
27:Second stage of the Carboniferous
2174:
2163:
860:. It is the second stage of the
112:
45:
1409:
1294:10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.103060
1246:10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103699
1416:Heckel, P.H. & Clayton, G.
1197:
1181:
1120:
508:
13:
1:
1592:Pleistocene (11.7 ka–2.58 Ma)
1194:, Episodes 26 (2), pp 105–115
1113:
7:
2205:Mississippian geochronology
1555:Geological history of Earth
587:
265:
10:
2236:
1828:Mississippian (323–359 Ma)
1823:Pennsylvanian (299–323 Ma)
1587:Holocene (present–11.7 ka)
1210:, Scr. Geol. 129, pp 13–89
40:346.7 ± 0.4 – 330.9 ± 0.2
2140:
2125:
2112:Paleoarchean (3.2–3.6 Ga)
2089:
2049:
2018:
1987:
1974:
1962:Terreneuvian (521–539 Ma)
1934:
1903:
1867:
1836:
1810:
1779:
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1731:
1700:
1674:
1661:
1626:
1600:
1574:
1561:
1387:10.1017/S0263593300006192
957:has been proposed in the
795:
779:
772:Upper boundary definition
771:
763:
714:
696:Lower boundary definition
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627:
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611:
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128:
123:
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37:
32:
2107:Mesoarchean (2.8–3.2 Ga)
1952:Miaolingian (497–509 Ma)
1797:Guadalupian (260–272 Ma)
1649:Paleocene (56.0–66.0 Ma)
1639:Oligocene (23.0–33.9 Ma)
990:
974:, or at the base of the
133:
2102:Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga)
2067:Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga)
2062:Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga)
2005:Cryogenian (635–720 Ma)
1895:Llandovery (433–444 Ma)
1802:Cisuralian (272–299 Ma)
1613:Pliocene (2.59–5.33 Ma)
1001:Late Palaeozoic Ice Age
938:Eoparastaffella simplex
708:Eoparastaffella simplex
256:−300 —
246:−305 —
236:−310 —
226:−315 —
216:−320 —
206:−325 —
196:−330 —
186:−335 —
176:−340 —
166:−345 —
156:−350 —
146:−355 —
136:−360 —
2220:Stratigraphy of Europe
2072:Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga)
2041:Calymmian (1.4–1.6 Ga)
2000:Ediacaran (539–635 Ma)
1947:Furongian (485–497 Ma)
1792:Lopingian (252–260 Ma)
1618:Miocene (5.33–23.0 Ma)
802:Verkhnyaya Kardailovka
2077:Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga)
2036:Ectasian (1.2–1.4 Ga)
1957:Series 2 (509–521 Ma)
1644:Eocene (33.9–56.0 Ma)
1273:Earth-Science Reviews
1226:Earth-Science Reviews
949:in Belgium, but this
620:Alternate spelling(s)
2215:Carboniferous Europe
2117:Eoarchean (3.6–4 Ga)
2010:Tonian (720 Ma–1 Ga)
1890:Wenlock (427–433 Ma)
1880:Pridoli (419–423 Ma)
1510:24.4333°N 109.4500°E
1132:www.stratigraphy.org
888:Name and definitions
858:stratigraphic column
775:Not formally defined
748:24.4333°N 109.4500°E
2172: •
2161: •
2159:Geologic time scale
1921:Middle (458–470 Ma)
1885:Ludlow (423–427 Ma)
1854:Middle (383–393 Ma)
1749:Middle (237–247 Ma)
1718:Middle (164–174 Ma)
1506: /
1336:1989Natur.342..676S
1286:2020ESRv..20303060Y
1238:2021ESRv..22003699S
764:Lower GSSP ratified
744: /
715:Lower boundary GSSP
688:Time span formality
538:Mazon Creek Fossils
2170:Geology portal
2031:Stenian (1–1.2 Ga)
1926:Early (470–485 Ma)
1859:Early (393–419 Ma)
1754:Early (247–252 Ma)
1723:Early (174–201 Ma)
1692:Early (100–145 Ma)
1687:Late (66.0–100 Ma)
1479:, Geowhen Database
1128:"Chart/Time Scale"
984:Cravenoceras leion
850:geologic timescale
678:Stratigraphic unit
668:Chronological unit
655:Time scale(s) used
2187:
2186:
2085:
2084:
2051:Paleoproterozoic
1970:
1969:
1916:Late (444–458 Ma)
1849:Late (359–383 Ma)
1762:
1761:
1744:Late (201–237 Ma)
1713:Late (145–164 Ma)
1657:
1656:
1578:(present–2.58 Ma)
1566:(present–66.0 Ma)
1515:24.4333; 109.4500
1488:, www.palaeos.com
1426:, Geologica Acta
1330:(6250): 676–678.
971:Lochriea ziegleri
876:. It follows the
827:
826:
789:Lochriea ziegleri
753:24.4333; 109.4500
719:Pengchong Section
628:Usage information
601:
600:
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16:(Redirected from
2227:
2181:World portal
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2020:Mesoproterozoic
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1430:(3), pp 403–407.
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1381:(3–4): 383–412.
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1344:10.1038/342676a0
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959:Luzhai Formation
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1812:Carboniferous
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1630:(23.0–66.0 Ma)
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1604:(2.58–23.0 Ma)
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1485:The Viséan age
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1460:External links
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906:Liège Province
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815:Luodian County
808:
806:Ural Mountains
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658:ICS Time Scale
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643:Regional usage
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633:Celestial body
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623:Visean, Visian
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612:Name formality
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491:
490:
482:
481:
473:
472:
464:
463:
455:
454:
446:
445:
437:
436:
428:
427:
421:
420:
410:
409:
399:
398:
388:
387:
377:
376:
366:
365:
355:
354:
344:
343:
333:
332:
322:
321:
311:
310:
302:
301:
289:
288:
280:
279:
267:
266:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
144:
139:
134:
129:
126:
125:
121:
120:
117:
109:
108:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2232:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2182:
2177:
2171:
2166:
2160:
2157:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2139:
2133:
2131:
2124:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2088:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2048:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2017:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:(539 Ma–1 Ga)
1986:
1983:
1981:
1973:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1933:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1902:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1866:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1835:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1809:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1768:Paleozoic Era
1765:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1730:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1699:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1678:(66.0–145 Ma)
1673:
1670:
1668:
1666:(66.0–252 Ma)
1660:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1625:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1599:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1560:
1556:
1549:
1544:
1542:
1537:
1535:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1522:
1519:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1451:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1412:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1369:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1318:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1262:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1216:
1209:
1200:
1193:
1184:
1177:
1166:
1164:
1147:
1141:
1133:
1129:
1123:
1119:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1004:
1002:
998:
988:
986:
985:
981:
977:
973:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
951:type locality
948:
944:
940:
939:
934:
929:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
904:in Belgium's
903:
899:
895:
885:
883:
879:
875:
871:
870:Carboniferous
867:
863:
862:Mississippian
859:
855:
851:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
820:
816:
812:
809:
807:
803:
800:
799:
798:
794:
791:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
757:
728:
724:
720:
717:
713:
710:
709:
705:
701:
698:
694:
690:
686:
683:
680:
676:
673:
670:
666:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
638:
635:
631:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
605:
594:
593:, as of 2021.
592:
585:
577:
572:
567:
566:
558:
553:
548:
547:
539:
535:
530:
529:
521:
517:
512:
511:
494:
486:
477:
468:
459:
450:
441:
432:
424:
415:
404:
393:
382:
371:
360:
349:
338:
327:
326:Pennsylvanian
316:
315:Mississippian
307:
306:
297:
295:
294:Carboniferous
285:
284:
275:
273:
132:
127:
122:
115:
110:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
43:
36:
31:
19:
2155:
2091:Archean Eon
2053:(1.6–2.5 Ga)
1938:(485–539 Ma)
1907:(444–485 Ma)
1871:(419–444 Ma)
1840:(359–419 Ma)
1814:(299–359 Ma)
1783:(252–299 Ma)
1771:(252–539 Ma)
1735:(201–252 Ma)
1704:(145–201 Ma)
1663:Mesozoic Era
1563:Cenozoic Era
1491:
1484:
1476:
1449:
1445:Dumont, A.H.
1427:
1423:
1419:
1411:
1378:
1374:
1368:
1327:
1323:
1317:
1305:. Retrieved
1277:
1271:
1261:
1249:. Retrieved
1229:
1225:
1215:
1207:
1199:
1191:
1183:
1174:
1150:. Retrieved
1140:
1131:
1122:
1090:
1081:
1072:
1063:
1054:
1049:
1027:Westlothiana
1025:
1019:
1005:
994:
982:
969:
936:
930:
898:André Dumont
891:
882:Serpukhovian
864:, the lower
838:
834:
830:
828:
787:
706:
588:
449:Serpukhovian
439:
303:
291:
281:
269:
2127:Hadean Eon
1905:Ordovician
1676:Cretaceous
1576:Quaternary
1513: /
1501:109°27′00″E
1454:(in French)
1307:23 November
1251:4 September
1020:One of the
884:age/stage.
878:Tournaisian
783:FAD of the
751: /
739:109°27′00″E
704:foraminifer
576:Romer's Gap
557:Romer's Gap
431:Tournaisian
2194:Categories
2129:(4–4.6 Ga)
2093:(2.5–4 Ga)
2022:(1–1.6 Ga)
1628:Paleogene
1498:24°26′00″N
1280:: 103060.
1232:: 103699.
1152:9 December
1114:References
1095:Brigantian
1076:bilineatus
1067:mononodosa
943:morphotype
922:Chesterian
920:and lower
918:Meramecian
896:geologist
736:24°26′00″N
663:Definition
476:Kasimovian
458:Bashkirian
124:Chronology
2156:See also:
1936:Cambrian
1869:Silurian
1838:Devonian
1733:Triassic
1702:Jurassic
1403:129807712
1395:1755-6929
1352:0028-0836
1302:213966485
1102:Holkerian
1083:Gnathodus
1074:Gnathodus
1036:amphibian
1022:tetrapods
980:goniatite
933:fusulinid
866:subsystem
607:Etymology
574:Start of
467:Moscovian
423:Famennian
272:Paleozoic
1781:Permian
1602:Neogene
1448:; 1832:
1206:; 2005:
1190:; 2003:
1173:; 2006:
1106:Arundian
1065:Lochriea
1056:Lochriea
1008:metazoan
967:conodont
935:species
910:Namurian
785:conodont
646:Global (
493:Asselian
485:Gzhelian
1360:4358046
1332:Bibcode
1282:Bibcode
1234:Bibcode
1085:texanus
1040:amniote
1032:reptile
976:biozone
914:Osagean
894:Belgian
868:of the
856:in the
845:in the
821:, China
819:Guizhou
723:Guangxi
569:←
555:End of
550:←
532:←
514:←
261:–
251:–
241:–
231:–
221:–
211:–
201:–
191:–
181:–
171:–
161:–
151:–
141:–
2200:Viséan
2135:
1477:Visean
1401:
1393:
1358:
1350:
1324:Nature
1300:
1098:Asbian
1058:nodosa
1034:-like
963:Guanxi
947:Dinant
926:series
916:, the
841:is an
839:Visian
835:Viséan
831:Visean
811:Nashui
691:Formal
615:Formal
504:
499:
440:Viséan
359:Middle
33:Viséan
18:Visean
1470:lower
1466:Upper
1399:S2CID
1356:S2CID
1298:S2CID
1176:2003)
1011:reefs
991:Biota
854:stage
852:or a
727:China
682:Stage
637:Earth
381:Early
348:Early
1468:and
1420:2006
1391:ISSN
1348:ISSN
1309:2022
1253:2022
1171:D.M.
1154:2012
1087:Zone
1078:Zone
1069:Zone
1060:Zone
1030:, a
995:The
955:GSSP
902:Visé
829:The
767:2008
403:Late
370:Late
48:PreꞒ
1383:doi
1340:doi
1328:342
1290:doi
1278:203
1242:doi
1230:220
978:of
847:ICS
843:age
837:or
700:FAD
672:Age
648:ICS
591:ICS
392:Mid
2196::
2151:Ga
2147:Ma
2143:ka
1422::
1418:;
1397:.
1389:.
1379:84
1377:.
1354:.
1346:.
1338:.
1326:.
1296:.
1288:.
1276:.
1270:.
1240:.
1228:.
1224:.
1162:^
1130:.
1017:.
1003:.
987:.
928:.
874:Ma
833:,
817:,
813:,
804:,
725:,
721:,
414:CS
337:LD
98:Pg
42:Ma
1547:e
1540:t
1533:v
1428:4
1405:.
1385::
1362:.
1342::
1334::
1311:.
1292::
1284::
1255:.
1244::
1236::
1156:.
941:(
650:)
305:P
283:D
103:N
93:K
88:J
83:T
78:P
73:C
68:D
63:S
58:O
53:Ꞓ
20:)
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