140:
167:
104:
29:
183:
centipedes interlock ultimate legs. A similar behaviour has been recorded in ordinary meetings, wherein each centipede grasps the other's trunk with its ultimate legs. This possibly serves as a way to defuse aggression, and in some species may be held for several minutes.
127:
In many species, ultimate legs are used in warning postures to scare off predators. The ultimate legs are raised, splayed, and sometimes waved back and forth. The presence of spines on the ultimate legs of some species also serves a defensive role- as
157:
Some species use their ultimate legs to hang or anchor themselves from trees or other desired objects. This has been recorded as playing a role in predation; the centipede suspends itself in the air and swings back and forth to capture prey.
109:
442:"When SEM becomes a deceptive tool of analysis: the unexpected discovery of epidermal glands with stalked ducts on the ultimate legs of geophilomorph centipedes"
214:
their leaf-like ultimate legs, probably as a way to warn off predators. The legs continue to stridulate for up to half a minute if detached from the centipede.
245:"Comparative morphology of ultimate and walking legs in the centipede Lithobius forficatus (Myriapoda) with functional implications"
89:. Although they do not aid in locomotion, ultimate legs are used for a variety of uses, and their morphology varies accordingly.
383:"The ultimate legs of Chilopoda (Myriapoda): a review on their morphological disparity and functional variability"
133:
136:(2015) put it, "a predator approaching from behind would come into contact with a battery of spines."
505:
171:
115:
139:
129:
65:
189:
317:"On the function of the ultimate legs of some Scolopendridae (Chilopoda, Scolopendromorpha)"
324:
8:
510:
219:
144:
328:
476:
441:
417:
382:
355:
279:
244:
243:
Kenning, Matthes; Schendel, Vanessa; Müller, Carsten H. G.; Sombke, Andy (2019-01-14).
207:
481:
463:
422:
404:
360:
342:
284:
266:
194:
92:
471:
453:
412:
394:
350:
332:
274:
256:
166:
458:
180:
261:
103:
499:
467:
408:
346:
337:
270:
316:
71:
485:
426:
364:
288:
211:
28:
399:
86:
381:
Kenning, Matthes; Müller, Carsten H. G.; Sombke, Andy (2017-11-14).
223:
emit a faint creaking or squeaking sound when detached and bent.
242:
315:
Kronmüller, Christian; Lewis, John G. J. (2015-06-30).
193:
raise and lower their ultimate legs, along with their
60:
Varied: defensive postures, mating rituals, anchoring
380:
161:
200:
122:
497:
440:Sombke, Andy; Müller, Carsten H. G. (Apr 2021).
314:
16:Pair of modified rear legs unique to centipedes
439:
85:are a pair of modified rear legs unique to
27:
475:
457:
416:
398:
354:
336:
278:
260:
175:interlocking ultimate legs before mating.
165:
138:
102:
498:
44:Anal legs, caudal legs, terminal legs
376:
374:
310:
308:
306:
304:
302:
300:
298:
238:
236:
148:hanging from just its ultimate legs.
13:
14:
522:
371:
295:
233:
152:
162:In contact with other centipedes
179:Before mating, many species of
433:
201:As a means of sound production
123:As a defence against predators
1:
226:
220:Rhysida immarginata togoensis
7:
10:
527:
459:10.1186/s12983-021-00402-3
262:10.1186/s40851-018-0115-x
172:Scolopendra galapagoensis
64:
56:
48:
40:
35:
26:
21:
338:10.3897/zookeys.510.8674
110:Scolopendra spinosissima
98:
95:is frequently present.
176:
149:
119:
66:Anatomical terminology
217:The ultimate legs of
205:Members of the genus
190:Scutigera coleoptrata
169:
142:
106:
446:Frontiers in Zoology
107:Warning postures of
329:2015ZooK..510..269K
145:Scolopendra dehaani
400:10.7717/peerj.4023
249:Zoological Letters
177:
150:
120:
93:Sexual dimorphism
80:
79:
75:
518:
506:Myriapod anatomy
490:
489:
479:
461:
437:
431:
430:
420:
402:
378:
369:
368:
358:
340:
323:(510): 269–278.
312:
293:
292:
282:
264:
240:
116:S. galapagoensis
72:edit on Wikidata
69:
31:
19:
18:
526:
525:
521:
520:
519:
517:
516:
515:
496:
495:
494:
493:
438:
434:
379:
372:
313:
296:
241:
234:
229:
203:
187:During mating,
164:
155:
125:
101:
76:
17:
12:
11:
5:
524:
514:
513:
508:
492:
491:
432:
370:
294:
231:
230:
228:
225:
202:
199:
163:
160:
154:
153:For suspension
151:
124:
121:
100:
97:
78:
77:
68:
62:
61:
58:
54:
53:
50:
46:
45:
42:
38:
37:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
523:
512:
509:
507:
504:
503:
501:
487:
483:
478:
473:
469:
465:
460:
455:
451:
447:
443:
436:
428:
424:
419:
414:
410:
406:
401:
396:
392:
388:
384:
377:
375:
366:
362:
357:
352:
348:
344:
339:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
311:
309:
307:
305:
303:
301:
299:
290:
286:
281:
276:
272:
268:
263:
258:
254:
250:
246:
239:
237:
232:
224:
222:
221:
215:
213:
210:
209:
198:
196:
192:
191:
185:
182:
174:
173:
168:
159:
147:
146:
141:
137:
135:
131:
118:
117:
112:
111:
105:
96:
94:
90:
88:
84:
83:Ultimate legs
73:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
34:
30:
25:
22:Ultimate legs
20:
449:
445:
435:
390:
386:
320:
252:
248:
218:
216:
206:
204:
188:
186:
181:Scolopendrid
178:
170:
156:
143:
126:
114:
108:
91:
82:
81:
511:Centipedes
500:Categories
227:References
212:stridulate
134:Kronmüller
87:centipedes
468:1742-9994
452:(1): 17.
409:2167-8359
393:: e4023.
347:1313-2970
271:2056-306X
486:33879192
427:29158971
365:26257548
289:30656061
255:(1): 3.
195:antennae
57:Function
41:Synonyms
477:8056527
418:5691793
356:4523778
325:Bibcode
321:ZooKeys
280:6330759
49:Origins
36:Details
484:
474:
466:
425:
415:
407:
363:
353:
345:
287:
277:
269:
208:Alipes
132:&
387:PeerJ
130:Lewis
99:Usage
70:[
482:PMID
464:ISSN
423:PMID
405:ISSN
361:PMID
343:ISSN
285:PMID
267:ISSN
113:and
52:Legs
472:PMC
454:doi
413:PMC
395:doi
351:PMC
333:doi
275:PMC
257:doi
502::
480:.
470:.
462:.
450:18
448:.
444:.
421:.
411:.
403:.
389:.
385:.
373:^
359:.
349:.
341:.
331:.
319:.
297:^
283:.
273:.
265:.
251:.
247:.
235:^
197:.
488:.
456::
429:.
397::
391:5
367:.
335::
327::
291:.
259::
253:5
74:]
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.