Glossary of patent law terms

4435:"Das allgemeine Fachwissen im Sinne des Patentrechts entspricht dem Wissen, das dem Fachmann aufgrund seiner Ausbildung und seiner Berufserfahrung zur Verfügung steht. Fachzeitschriften hingegen versuchen in der Regel, dem Fachmann neue, für seine Tätigkeit relevante Inhalte zu vermitteln, also Dinge, die in der Regel noch nicht Teil des allgemeinen Fachwissens geworden sind, und es möglicherweise auch nie sein werden." (English translation: "The common general knowledge within the meaning of patent law corresponds to the knowledge available to the skilled person on the basis of his education and professional experience. In contrast, specialist journals attempt in general to impart to the skilled person new contents relevant to his activity, i.e. things that have not yet become part of the common general knowledge and may never be part thereof.") 2893: 3237:

typically allows a patent to be enforced against an infringer prior to a final decision on the merits, i.e. while the infringement proceedings are pending. Depending on the jurisdiction, a number of requirements may have to be met for the court to grant a preliminary injunction, such as: urgency (to prevent imminent harm to the patentee's business), clear infringement, and a sufficient likelihood that the patent is valid. A preliminary injunction may be granted

2378: 595: 5114:, November 28, 2008, page 98, footnote 116 (pdf, 1.95 MB). (See copyright notice in page 1: "Reproduction of parts of this report that are based on the Commission's own research is authorised, provided that the source is acknowledged. For material quoted in this report that is derived from other sources, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holder.") 2408:(IDS) reference to a communication with a patenting authority (e.g. office action response, or notice of allowance) in a related patent application. Based on the McKesson v. Bridge Medical decision where inequitable conduct was found where the applicant failed to notify the USPTO of such references. See also 4669:"... the term "disclaimer" is used in the decision as meaning an amendment to a claim resulting in the incorporation therein of a "negative" technical feature, typically excluding from a general feature specific embodiments or areas" in Decision G 2/10, August 30, 2011, Reasons for the decision, point 2.2. 2648:

A concept of U.S. law in which the grant of a patent is prevented if the invention that is the subject of the patent application was on sale more than one year prior to the priority date. In most other jurisdictions on sale bar is triggered at the moment the sale occurs, and they do not provide for a

2629:

A formal report from a Patent Office examiner to an inventor or attorney detailing which claims in a patent application were allowed for later issue (publication) in a patent and which claims were rejected. The examiner gives reasons for allowance or rejection. Some other examiner's requests (e.g. a

1033:

Under European patent practice, a legal approach, now abandoned by the European Patent Office (EPO), for assessing whether an invention was patentable. The approach consisted in establishing whether the "contribution to the art" made by the invention was only in a field excluded from patentability by

966:

and the like". Exceptionally however, common general knowledge may also be established on the basis of the content of patent specifications "and in particular when a series of patent specifications provides a consistent picture that a particular technical procedure was generally known and belonged to

3739:

Changes to US patent law in December 2012 created a sub-category of Small Entity Status called "Micro Entity Status" for inventors who qualify for Small Entity Status, but also have a gross income less than a certain amount, and have assigned their patent(s) to their employer which is an institution

3735:

In United States patent law, a status allowing small businesses, independent inventors, and nonprofit organizations to file a patent application and maintain an issued patent for a reduced fee. An entity that does not qualify for small entity status is charged double the fees charged small entities.

3486:

each effectively lead, once granted, to a bundle of national patents for which there might be separate translation requirements (for example in the European Patent Convention), maintenance fees, durations of protection (for example with ARIPO) and separate jurisdiction exist (a patent invalidated in

3418:

The process of establishing patent infringement involves "reading" a claim onto the technology of interest. If all of the claim's elements are found in the technology, the claim is said to "read on" the technology; if a single element from the claim is missing from the technology, the claim does not

2614:

is tasked with solving. If the skilled person, starting from the closest prior art and faced with the objective technical problem, would have arrived, without exercising any inventive skill, at the claimed invention, then the claimed invention is regarded as being obvious, i.e. the claimed invention

950:

to be able to carry out the invention, and whether the subject-matter of a prior art disclosure is enabling. The common general knowledge "is the common knowledge in the field to which the invention relates." The information "must be generally known and generally regarded as a good basis for further

3638:

In United States patent law, an obviousness rejection based on a single reference. Generally a case for an obviousness rejection requires the examiner to rely on 2 or more references. Sandor Obviousness stems from Ex Parte Sandor Nagy where the examiner relied on only a single reference to reject

3403:

requires Member States to ensure that the applicant can claim compensation reasonable in the circumstances from any person who has used the invention in their territory. Following publication of the mention of the patent grant, full compensation of any losses suffered may be claimed, depending also

3297:

A right to benefit from the filing date of an earlier application in a subsequent application. Claiming a priority right means that the filing date of the earlier application, i.e. the "priority date", rather than the actual date of filing of the subsequent application, will be used as the decisive

3982:

In United States patent law, a phrase that links the preamble of a patent claim to the specific elements set forth in the claim which define what the invention itself actually is. The transitional phrase acts as a limitation on the claim, indicating whether a similar device, method, or composition

3669:

The patenting of a particular medical use of a molecule (or more generally product or composition), wherein a first particular use of a molecule is already known and, therefore, wherein the novel and inventive aspect lies solely in the second use of the molecule. Also known as further medical use.

4183:

A particular feature of the legal protection of inventions in the USSR is that legislation establishes two means of protection: the author's certificate and the patent. The author of an invention may by his own choice require either only the recognition of his authorship or the recognition of his

1709:

When a patent is infringed by some party other than the one actually directly engaged in the infringement of the invention, but the original party is the cause of the infringement. For instance, when a third party supplies a product which is intended to be used, or can only be reasonably used or

954:

Regarding the inventive step assessment, " information is part of the common general knowledge then it forms part of the stock of knowledge which will inform and guide the skilled person's approach to the problem from the outset. It may, for example, affect the steps it will be obvious for him to

551:

A patent is "allowed" when the patent office examiners have determined that the patent application meets the necessary criteria of novelty, non-obviousness, feasibility, and usefulness. The applicants are notified of this certification, and that the patent office is ready to grant the patent once

3236:

An injunction issued by a court prior to a final determination of the merits of a legal case, in order to restrain a party from going ahead with a course of conduct or compelling a party to continue with a course of conduct until the case has been decided. In patent law, a preliminary injunction

2420:

In United States patent law, an IDS reference to a court document (e.g. memorandum opinion, or a court order) pertaining to a litigation involving an application or a related patent/application. Based on the Marlow Industries, Inc. v. Igloo Products Corp. decision where the court found that the

1399:

A legal concept according to which intellectual property (IP) rights, such as patent rights, in a product are exhausted by its sale. The concept of national exhaustion (exhaustion by sale in the domestic market), which is recognized in most countries around the world, is distinguished from the

661:

An application filed by a resident of a given country/jurisdiction with a patent office of another country/jurisdiction. For example, a patent application filed by an applicant residing in France with the USPTO is considered an “ application abroad” from the perspective of France. “Application

2914:

A warning that a patent application has been filed for an invention integrated in a product. The warning indicates that the applicant(s) may be entitled to some rights even if a patent has not been granted yet, or that the applicant(s) will be entitled to some rights once a patent is granted.

580:

An application for a patent, or patent application, is a request by a person or company to the competent authority (usually a patent office) to grant them a patent. By extension, a patent application also refers to the content of the document which that person or company filed to initiate the

5319:

A selection patent is a patent granted for making an inventive selection from a field that is already known. Selection inventions may involve the selection of individual elements, sub-sets, or sub-ranges, which have not been explicitly disclosed previously, within a larger known set or

3817:

A procedure governed by MPEP Sections 1100 et al. in which a patent applicant could request a public filing of their application. Usually, this was used when the applicant felt a patent was no longer possible during the application period. It may now be obsolete due to the 1999

2550:. The term arose in 1995 to distinguish what were at the time "normal" patent applications from the newly established provisional applications. A complete non-provisional application differs from a provisional in that a non-provisional must contain at least one claim and is to be 1020:

In United States law, an active patent application, prior to final action, may give rise to additional applications for additional claims carrying the priority date of the original application. With the move to published applications, this has become a common way of producing

3419:

literally read on the technology and the technology does not infringe the patent with respect to that claim. Also, the process of contesting or invalidating a patent can involve showing that the claim reads on prior art, i.e., the claim's elements are found in the prior art.

3144:

to accelerate a patent's prosecution, based on a showing that certain conditions are met. For example, if the inventor is old or sick, or the field of invention is a favored area of science that significantly enriches people's lives, The U.S. PTO may allow such a petition.

3447:

In United States patent law, making or performing an invention (actual reduction to practice) or filing a patent application describing how to make and use an invention (constructive reduction to practice). Important for determining which party is "first to invent".

1099:

A declaration sought or obtained from a court that one's actions do not infringe a particular patent. An action for a declaration of non-infringement may be brought before a court as a preventive measure prior to being sued by a patent proprietor, for example if an

1594:

A defense against an alleged infringement by equivalents, wherein the alleged infringer claims that the embodiment alleged to be equivalent (to the subject-matter claimed in the patent) is not patentable and therefore the doctrine of equivalents does not apply.

1856:

A type of patent in some countries used for inventions that have a short commercial life or that offers a comparatively small advance over existing technology. It often has a shorter term of protection, for example 8 years instead of 20 in Australia. See also

1468:

The special folder type holding a U.S. patent application. The "file wrapper" was a large three section binder that interlineated to close into one large "wrapper." These paper File wrappers were fully digitized as of June 3, 2003 and are now called

2368:

A pre-trial hearing in the United States court system during which a judge hears testimony from both parties on the appropriate meanings of the relevant key words used in the claims of a patent, the infringement of which is alleged by the plaintiff.

2019:

A form of recognition granted by communist states to inventors. "It does not grant to the inventor the exclusive right to use the invention or to preclude others from doing so but, rather, signifies that the invention is state property." See also

872:

is made. An international preliminary examination is conducted in this case. The demand indicates the Contracting State or States in which the applicant intends to use the results of the international preliminary examination ("elected States").

1246:

In U.S. patent law, a form of patent infringement liability that occurs when multiple actors are involved in carrying out the claimed infringement of a method patent and no single accused infringer has performed all of the steps of the method.

746:

Legal system in which patent infringement and patent validity are decided upon by different courts. The German legal system is bifurcated as patent infringement is dealt with by district courts and patent validity by the Federal Patent Court

2682:

A territorial right to prevent others from commercially exploiting an invention, granted to an inventor or the inventor's successor in rights in exchange for the public disclosure of the invention. A patent is regarded as a specific type of

3921:

A procedure under U.S. patent law whereby an inventor can get a patent even if the invention has become public before the patent application was filed. Also "Swear behind a reference" or "Antedate" a reference. See 35 USC Section 102.

3598:

In some legislations, an exemption to the rights conferred by patents, pursuant to which performing research and tests for preparing regulatory approval does not constitute infringement for a limited term before the end of patent term.

1460:(that is, a licensee that manufactures a patented product or performs a patented process) to do in relation to the patent, by specifying a defined field of permissible operation or specifying fields from which the licensee is excluded. 3790:

The specification, or patent specification, may either refer to the description of a patent or patent application, which is the meaning prevalent in the U.S., or to the complete patent as granted, which is meaning prevalent in Europe.

1489:, i.e. the date on which that application is legally accepted at the patent office. That date is typically the date on which the documents are deposited at the office, but may be later if there are defects in the documents. See also 542:

must be made within a prescribed time limit. If no reply is received within the time period, the application may be considered, depending on the jurisdiction, as abandoned or deemed to be withdrawn, and, therefore, no longer pending.

3906:

right notably available for medicinal and plant protection products. The right comes into force after the corresponding patent expires and, for medicinal and plant protection products, has a maximum term (i.e., lifetime) of 5 years.

1603:

A freedom-to-operate search is a search aimed at establishing whether a product or process is covered by patent rights, including patent and patent applications. If it does, commercially exploiting the product or process may lead to

1073:

A defense in an infringement action, consisting in the defendant arguing that the asserted patent is invalid or partially invalid, for example because its claimed subject-matter lacks novelty or is obvious in view of the prior art.

3708:

In U.S. patent law, an implied license under which a firm may use a patented invention, invented by an employee who was working within the scope of their employment, using the firms' equipment, or inventing at the firms' expense.

2713:, about a patent that the member or the member's company owns, has pending, or intends to file, which is relevant to the standard, and subsequently the company asserts that a patent is infringed by use of the standard as adopted. 1949:

An invalidity opinion, also called "validity opinion", is a legal opinion provided by an attorney on how a court might rule on the validity of an issued patent. Invalidity opinions are often sought prior to patent litigation. See

3342:

A letter that one can file with a court, as a precautionary measure, to explain to the court that one does not infringe a particular patent, and/or that the patent is invalid, in an attempt to prevent the court from granting any

921:

A search done on issued patents or on pending patent applications to determine if a product or process infringes any of the claims of the issued patents or pending patent applications. These searches and opinions are also called

3583:

In the United States, a request by an applicant for continued prosecution after the patent office has issued a "final" rejection or after prosecution "on the merits" has been closed (for example by a Notice of Allowance (NOA)).

3217:

Pre-grant Publication (PGpub) is the procedure under 35 U.S.C. Section 122(b) requiring the publication of most United States patent applications 18 months after their filing dates. This procedure was first enacted in the 1999

4121:

A validity opinion, also called "invalidity opinion", is a legal opinion provided by an attorney on how a court might rule on the validity of an issued patent. Validity opinions are often sought prior to patent litigation. See

1322:

In a patent or patent application, "a specific combination of features or a specific mode of carrying out the invention, by contrast to a more abstract definition of features which can be carried out in more than one way."

1848:, a time gap that often results from the German bifurcated system (i.e., infringement and validity of patents are decided by different courts), when the decision on infringement is reached before the decision on validity. 3935:

A condition for an invention to be considered patentable under the case law and practice of the European Patent Office (EPO). Namely, an invention must notably have a technical character to be patentable. See for example

1968:

A confidential document written by a scientist or engineer for use by a company's patent department, or by an external patent attorney, to determine whether patent protection should be sought for the described invention.

3121:

A notional person having typical knowledge of a particular field or art, used such as to assess whether an invention is nonobvious or whether the specification of the patent enables one to practice what is claimed.

1001:

in which the applicant adds subject-matter not disclosed in the parent application, but repeats substantial portion of the parent's specification, and shares at least one inventor with the parent application. See

680:

sought from a court that a product to be launched was old or obvious at a particular date, so that the product cannot be affected by a later granted patent, which would also either lack novelty or inventive step.

2306:

A contract wherein a party (the "licensor") grants to another party (the "licensee") the authorization to use an invention which is subject to a patent, generally in exchange of a financial compensation, the

1671:

To "grant" a patent means issuing it to an applicant. Upon grant (or issuance), a patent application becomes a patent, and the applicant becomes patent holder (also called "patentee" or "patent proprietor").

2439:

In United States patent law, a patent may notably claim a process or method. The claim gives right to exclude performance of the process or method, regardless of the equipment or technology used to do so.

2735:

patent, which can result in the revocation of that patent. The PALM system is used with both Image File Wrappers and paper File Wrappers. See Manual of Patent Examination and Procedure, Section 2235.

2395:

A representation of a chemical structure covering a group of chemical compounds. Markush structures are commonly used in patent claims. A claim comprising a Markush structure is called "Markush claim".

1418:

patent rules, the examination support document (ESD) is a document submitted by an applicant that lists prior art and identifies how the prior art applies to the claims in a pending patent application.

3039:

An opinion as to whether an invention might be patentable. Such an opinion may be established by a patent attorney to assist an inventor or company into deciding whether to file a patent application.

3539:

A type of patent that takes effect, even if the substantial requirements (e.g. regarding novelty) have not been fulfilled. The Belgian, Dutch and French patents are examples of registration patents.

3167:, i.e. mostly 6 or 10 years instead of 20 years. In some jurisdictions, the patentability criteria applicable to petty patents are less stringent than those applicable to 20-year patents. See also 4002:

A common patent court open for participation of all member states of the European Union, and established by the "Agreement on a Unified Patent Court" (UPCA), which is in force since June 1, 2023.

662:

abroad” is a concept similar to “non-resident application”, which describes a patent application received by an IP office from an applicant residing in a country represented by another IP office.

5032:"Notice from the European Patent Office dated 8 March 2017 concerning the processing by the EPO as International Searching Authority of informal comments on earlier search results ("PCT Direct")" 3279:

The "period of 12 months starting from the filing date of the earlier (or earliest if there is more than one) application whose priority is claimed in" a subsequent patent application. See also

3107:

from an earlier application already searched by the EPO to reply –at the time of filing the PCT application– to any objections raised in the search opinion drawn up for the priority application.

1041:

and, if so, the application could be refused. The EPO now applies the sometimes named "any hardware" or "any technical means" approach, notably formulated in EPO Board of Appeal decisions

3561:

In the United States, to have patent claims "rejected" in a patent application means that the subject matter as claimed is considered by the patent examiner to be unpatentable. A final

2334:

process is patent-eligible (under § 101) if: (1) it is tied to a particular machine or apparatus, or (2) it transforms a particular article into a different state or thing. See also:

2663:

Proceedings in which a third party opposes the grant of a patent in an attempt to prevent that grant, or have the patent revoked. Opposition proceedings may be pre- or post-grant.

1206:

The act of developing an alternative apparatus or method (which may in itself also be a patentable invention), that does not infringe upon an issued patent. Also used as a noun.

552:

certain fees are paid and paperwork filed by the inventors or assignees. The term is used in the U.S. and some other countries. Few allowed patents are not subsequently granted.

4040:

A requirement that a patent application can relate only to one invention (or to a group of inventions so linked as to form a single general inventive concept). See for instance

3368:(USPTO) that establishes an early filing date, but which does not mature into an issued patent unless the applicant files a regular patent application within one year. See also 1214:

Under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), a national patent office of or acting for a State designated by the applicant under Chapter I of the PCT. See also "Chapter I" above.

1314:

Under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), a national patent office of or acting for a State elected by the applicant under Chapter II of the PCT. See also "Chapter II" above.

4826: 4375: 1608:. Freedom-to-operate analyses, opinions, and assessments are aimed at determining the risk of patent infringement in that respect. These searches and opinions are also called 905:

A chart often used in the context of patent litigation for analyzing and presenting information regarding a patent claim vis-à-vis an allegedly infringing product or method.

951:

action by the bulk of those engaged in that art before it becomes part of their common stock of knowledge relating to the art, and so part of the common general knowledge."

1710:

worked upon to make the device claimed in a patent. In some jurisdictions, forms of indirect infringements include "contributory infringement" and "induced infringement".

1232:, words identifying subject-matter that is not claimed or, by extension, an amendment consisting in limiting a claim by introducing therein a negative technical feature. 3608: 1891:

to a claim resulting in "an undisclosed combination of selected features lying somewhere between an originally broad disclosure and a more limited specific disclosure".

3520: 3471: 1065:

Two or more patent applications are said to be co-pending, or copending, if they are both pending before the patent office and have been filed by the same applicant.

2011:

The actual devisor of an invention that is the subject of a patent. The inventor's employer is not the inventor. More than one inventor can be named on a patent.

5288: 5273: 4810: 4359: 4344: 4041: 3553:

A U.S. patent that is reissued by the USPTO after the patentee filed an application for reissue, because the originally issued patent was regarded as defective.

1736:

A requirement of many patent systems, requiring that an invention be capable of industrial applicability in order for a patent to be granted for that invention.

1279:

even though the infringing device or process does not fall within the literal scope of a patent claim, but nevertheless is equivalent to the claimed invention.

3396:"for the period of provisional protection, between the moment of publication of the patent application and the moment of the publication of the patent grant, 3937: 3759: 2603:

In the so-called "problem-solution approach" applied by the European Patent Office (EPO) to assess whether a claimed invention involves an inventive step (

3775: 3524: 3307: 2598: 581:

application process. This document usually contains a description of the invention and at least one claim used to define the sought scope of protection.

4705: 3385: 4571:

Lemley, Mark A., Rational Ignorance at the Patent Office (February 2001). Northwestern University Law Review, Vol. 95, No. 4, 2001. Available at SSRN:

1112:

A practice consisting in "obtaining patents to stake claim to an area of technology in hopes of preventing other companies from suing them." See also

775: 1400:

concept of regional or international exhaustion (exhaustion by sale in the domestic market), which is recognized in some countries but not in others.

4215:

In the Soviet Union and in a number of Socialist countries, there is another kind of grant for an invention called Author's or Inventor's Certificate

4076:

An intellectual property right which is very similar to the patent, but usually has a shorter term (often 6 or 10 years) and may have less stringent

3767: 3488: 3625:

Lawsuit initiated by a party requesting a patent to be declared invalid, i.e. to be revoked. Also called "invalidity action" or "nullity action".

1526:

A legal concept in which the right to a patent for an invention is determined by the first person to file for a patent to protect that invention,

4015: 3771: 1888: 981:

Using compulsory licenses, a government may force a patent proprietor to grant use to the state or others. Usually, the holder does receive some

4733: 4448:

T 890/02, point 2, and "Case Law of the Boards of Appeal" EPO, 6th edition, 2010, chapter I, section C.1.5 and last paragraph of section C.3.2.6

3259:

Material publicly available prior to the priority date of an application which may anticipate the subject of and prevent the grant of a patent.

1659:

A defense in patent litigation. More precisely, this is "the argument in infringement proceedings (...) that the defendant's product implements

4917: 3812: 2250: 5314:

Working Guidelines, Question Q209, Selection Inventions – the Inventive Step Requirement, other Patentability Criteria and Scope of Protection

1385:

Various legal, business and technological strategies by which patentees extend or attempt to extend the patent protection for their products.

4274: 1368: 1261:

A type of patent application which contains matter from a previously-filed application. Also referred to simply as "divisional application".

616: 4504: 3657:, which mentions documents which may be taken into consideration in deciding whether the invention to which a patent application relates is 958:

Under European practice, "the common general knowledge of the person skilled in the art is, as a general rule, established on the basis of

5195: 5125: 3470:

A single patent covering a set of countries. As of 2012, the only true regional patent covering more than two countries appears to be the

3209:

Pejorative term. Generally refers to the willful infringement of a patent. May also be applied to the vigorous enforcement of a patent.

2572:

A patentability requirement according to which an invention is not patentable if it was already publicly known before the date of filing.

2274:

In United States patent law, one of the available applicant's status, along with the "small entity" status and the "micro entity" status.

1576:

An authorization granted by a governmental authority to an applicant to apply for a patent in a country outside its own country. See also

4096:

Phrase sometimes used, primarily in the US, to distinguish the primary meaning of the term "patent" from other types of patents, such as

3428: 2145: 1997:

A patentability requirement according to which an invention should be sufficiently inventive, i.e. non-obvious, in order to be patented.

1779: 1433: 4145:

Patent issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office between July 1790 (when the first U.S. patent was issued) and July 1836.

913:

The process of interpreting or explaining the meaning of the terms in a patent claim, especially in the context of patent infringement.

3516: 2969:

A dense web of overlapping intellectual property rights that a company must navigate through in order to commercialize new technology.

2508: 2167: 1394: 1500:(USPTO) by Express Mail, Post Office to Addressee, then the date the application was deposited in the post office is the filing date. 5468: 4159: 3566: 3365: 3316:(EPO), a systematic approach to assess whether an invention involves an inventive step. Also called "problem and solution approach". 3075:

A deal under which a company holding a patent on a drug pays a generic manufacturer to delay its launch of a cheap copy of the drug.

2759: 1813: 1497: 1470: 5442: 1162:

A letter sent to a company "seeking royalties and threatening legal action for patent infringement." Also called a "threat letter".

5478: 3031:

A set of substantive requirements for a patent to be granted. An invention satisfying these requirements is said to be patentable.

2503:

Any technical document that is neither a patent nor a patent application and that is submitted by a party—such as an applicant, an

2043:

A code including a letter and often a digit, indicating a kind of patent document (e.g., published application or granted patent).

5385:"...since each of these sections (specification, abstract, claims, sequence listings) of the disclosure are separately indexed..." 2929:

A consortium of at least two companies agreeing to cross-license patents and other IP rights relating to a particular technology.

3968:

An operation by which ownership of a patent or patent application changes (for instance as a result of a financial transaction).

3116: 2884:

The generation of revenue or the attempt to generate revenue by a person or company by selling or licensing the patents it owns.

2802:

Technical drawing in a patent application, that illustrates the invention. It may be required by law to be in a particular form.

2492: 703:

barring a patent's seller (assignor) from attacking the patent's validity if they are found to have infringed that patent later.

151: 4373: : "Enabling disclosure of a prior-art document"; Legal Research Service for the Boards of Appeal, European Patent Office, 3871: 3053:

Patent systems exclude certain areas from the grant of patents. Material not so excluded is known as patentable subject matter.

3763: 3730: 2269: 1148:

where the licensor can terminate a patent license if the licensee turns around and sues the licensor for infringing a patent.

5521: 5004: 5162: 4011: 3897: 332: 4014:, also called "European patent with unitary effect", is the most well-known unitary patent. Other unitary patents are the 1920: 1547:

A legal concept in which the right to a patent for an invention is determined by the first person to make that invention,

5108: 1301:

At the European Patent Office, the application documents serving as the basis for the publication of the granted patent.

891:

defining the extent of the protection conferred by a patent, or the extent of protection sought in a patent application.

146: 4892: 566:

A fee to be paid to maintain a patent or a patent application in force. Also called "maintenance fee" or "renewal fee".

3017:

A process for monitoring newly issued patents on a periodic basis to see if any of these patents might be of interest.

2528: 2486: 2470: 2243: 1992: 1293:

The protection of one single invention by two patents, in the same jurisdiction, usually owned by the same proprietor.

765:

U.K. law concept according to which, if "the extent of the monopoly claimed exceeds the technical contribution to the

136: 1170:

A request to subject an international application to an international preliminary examination under Chapter II of the

5496: 5150:

An apparently unique feature of OAPI is that the OAPI patent is a single patent which extends to each member country.

4824: : "Intermediate generalisations", and Legal Research Service for the Boards of Appeal, European Patent Office, 4249: 4208: 3885: 3880:

performed for an international (PCT) application in addition to the main international search provided for under the

3754:

A patent in the field of computer software. Some types of inventions in the field of software are legally considered

3578: 3548: 3219: 3070: 2727:

The Patent Application Locating and Monitoring System (PALM) is used to support the Reexamination process inside the

1550: 1542: 1529: 1521: 1364: 1130:

A publication intended to prevent the grant of a patent to a competitor by placing information in the public domain.

642: 4831: 4380: 2354:

A fee to be paid to maintain a patent or a patent application in force. Also called "annuity fee" or "renewal fee".

624: 3819: 3617:, a means of redress following a loss of right due to the non-observance of a time limit in spite of all due care. 3141: 2405: 1807: 2856:, an affirmative defense used in patent litigation after the defendant has been found to have infringed a patent. 5447: 3850:

An important requirement to be met by a patent in order to be validly granted. According to this requirement, an

813: 17: 5031: 4593: 4814: 2631: 2390: 2325: 620: 5292: 3061:

One to whom a patent was granted. Also called "patent holder", "patent proprietor", or "patent right holder".

5220: 4709: 3755: 2236: 1256: 1015: 1003: 357:

therein, but a territorial right to exclude others from commercially exploiting the invention, granted to an

229: 5277: 4363: 4348: 3204: 5167: 4692: 4657: 4429: 3678:

An invention consisting in the selection of individual elements, sub-sets, or sub-ranges, within a larger,

3325: 2172: 1409: 1113: 4947: 4797: 4452:

decisions T 151/05, points 3.4.1, 4.1 and 4.3 of the reasons, and T 452/05, point 2.4.1, paragraph (b)(ii)

4227: 1359:

A regional patent office responsible for granting European patents covering the Contracting States to the

2995:, but does not manufacture products or supply services based upon the patents in question. Also called a 2684: 2288:

An old term for a patent, sometimes used in reference to a bound formal copy of a patent provided by the

770: 5401:: "The specification of the European patent shall include the description, the claims and any drawings." 3350:

to the patentee, if the patentee were to ask the court for ordering preliminary measures in the future.

1879:

Under U.S. patent law, proceedings to decide who is entitled to the grant of a patent for an invention.

5516: 5398: 4632: 3614: 3512: 3508: 3507:(PCT) becomes subject to examination at a regional level. There are four regional patent treaties: the 3400: 3389: 2607: 1577: 1360: 1038: 5253: 5232: 5016: 4425: 5526: 5487: 4853: 4730: 4681: 4646: 4617: 4332: 4325: 4310: 4303: 3916: 3881: 3859: 3845: 3504: 3084: 3048: 2788:

Classification of patents in technological areas for convenient retrieval during prior art searches.

2462: 1926: 1900: 1171: 947: 943: 869: 854: 847: 769:

made by the invention as described in the specification", the patent may be revoked on the ground of

193: 172: 121: 90: 5311:

Jochen E. Bühling, Dariusz Szleper, Thierry Calame, Nicolai Lindgreen, Nicola Dagg, Shoichi Okuyama,

5057: 4925: 4986:, 2001, Innovation Policy and the Economy (Vol. I) (Jaffe, E. et al., eds), pp. 119–150, MIT Press. 4551: 4059: 3137: 3131: 2853: 2751: 2540: 2504: 2349: 2135: 1978: 1731: 696: 605: 561: 325: 234: 141: 5382: 4428:, point 2.1.3, referring to decision T 890/02, OJ EPO 2005, 497, point 2 of the reasons. See also 4154: 3359: 2547: 2213: 1874: 1791: 1447: 1270: 609: 4058:

A patentability requirement mainly used to prevent the patenting of inoperative devices such as

811:) from a pending patent application. Also called "derivation". The corresponding German term is 754: 5458: 5341: 5312: 5199: 5137: 3779: 3313: 3231: 3096: 2706: 1836:

Lawsuit initiated by a patentee in order to enforce their patent against an alleged infringer.

1438:

A type of licensing typically used during standardisation processes. Also abbreviated "FRAND".

1354: 998: 831: 255: 5078: 4472:, Boalt Working Papers in Public Law (University of California, Berkeley), Year 2003, Paper 20 3433:

A type of licensing typically used during standardisation processes. Also abbreviated "RAND".

2900:

of the military aircraft, stating "Patents pending in other dominions and foreign countries".

857:

is made. The states selected under Chapter I by the applicant are called "designated States".

4399: 3442: 2783: 2658: 2140: 1751: 1139: 1125: 199: 59: 54: 4866:"New Developments in Biotechnology:Patenting Life—Special Report (NTIS order #PB89-196612)" 3997: 1963: 1911:

The period of time from the filing of a PCT application to the entry into national phases.

1812:

In United States patent law, a submission of relevant background art or information to the

1241: 677: 64: 4865: 4010:

A patent having a unitary effect throughout the territories of more than one country. The

3822:

which required publication of U.S. applications in 18 months unless an exception applied.

8: 4123: 3983:

infringes the patent if it contains more or fewer elements than the claim in the patent.

3977: 3298:

date for assessing patentability of the invention claimed in the subsequent application.

2988: 2879: 2833: 2465:(PCT) becomes subject to examination at a national level. In the United States, the term 2422: 2409: 2182: 2066: 1951: 1745: 1704: 1605: 1276: 1223: 1101: 927: 318: 301: 224: 214: 209: 204: 105: 5464: 5361: 4242:

Pharmaceutical, Biotechnology and Chemical Inventions: World Protection and Exploitation

4201:

Patents, trademarks, and related rights: national and international protection, Volume 1

3462:

The examination of a granted patent, which can result in the revocation of that patent.

2943:

A collection of patents owned by a single entity, such as an individual or corporation.

2774:. It was an official notice of intention to file a patent application at a later date. 2491:

A patentability requirement according to which an invention should not be obvious to a "

1983:

A firm providing services to inventors to help them develop or market their inventions.

4981: 4035: 3855: 3639:

the claims at issue. Ultimately the case was remanded on appeal back to the examiner.

3593: 3381: 2763: 2710: 2688: 2551: 2543: 2125: 1795: 1783: 1482: 1342: 976: 838:

to its members and then selling or donating the patent after a certain period of time.

700: 656: 575: 177: 100: 85: 80: 4614: 4322: 866: 851: 5484: 5079:"Practical Advice - How to correct the priority date of an international application" 5000: 4850: 4780: 4772: 4678: 4643: 4329: 4307: 4300: 4245: 4204: 3963: 2386: 2006: 1845: 1767: 1686: 1589: 1022: 718: 690: 671: 358: 250: 219: 126: 5454: 3836:

A patent first published and granted long after the original application was filed.

2892: 2558:

to a prior filed application, which is not permitted with provisional applications.

4762: 4576: 4053: 3877: 3831: 3163:, which are specific forms of patents for inventions usually granted for a shorter 2938: 2567: 2524: 2516: 1332: 1288: 265: 131: 95: 5474: 4731:

USPTO § 1.10 Filing of correspondence by "Express Mail." – Appendix R Patent Rules

3404:

on whether the infringer knew or should have known that he or she was infringing."

3330:

In certain states, most notably the United States, actions during prosecution can

361:

or their successor in rights in exchange to a public disclosure of the invention.

5500: 5395: 5172: 4983:

Navigating the Patent Thicket: Cross Licenses, Patent Pools, and Standard-Setting

4896: 4737: 4629: 3749: 3479: 3475: 3397: 3159: 3100: 2838:

Commercially exploiting a patented invention without permission of the patentee.

2604: 2512: 2474: 2434: 2363: 2197: 2192: 2130: 2109: 1787: 1638: 1563: 1183: 1035: 865:

In the PCT, "Chapter II" refers to the prosecution procedure when a demand under

291: 270: 260: 4907:

Marlow Industries, Inc. v. Igloo Products Corp., 2002 WL 485698 (N.D. Tex. 2002)

3491:

can also be regarded as a regional patent with a truly unitary effect. See also

4463: 4279: 3949: 3682:

set or range. A selection patent is a patent granted on a selection invention.

3292: 3104: 2964: 2909: 2797: 2771: 2755: 2611: 2555: 2331: 2283: 1692: 1490: 1453: 1338: 1229: 1189: 1088: 939: 882: 780: 712: 5414: 3884:(PCT). The supplementary international search (SIS) is carried out by another 5510: 4889: 4776: 4693:

Decision G 2/10 of the Enlarged Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office

4658:

Decision G 2/10 of the Enlarged Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office

4097: 4077: 4071: 3654: 3648: 3562: 3457: 3164: 3154: 3026: 2897: 2847: 2811: 2745: 2722: 2700: 2624: 1644: 1486: 1201: 1157: 1145: 959: 938:

A legal concept used notably when assessing whether an invention involves an

804: 539: 4948:"Antitrust: Commission confirms sending a Statement of Objections to Rambus" 4467: 1568:

A test for patentability formerly used by the United States Federal Courts.

850:(PCT), "Chapter I" refers to the prosecution procedure when no demand under 4977: 4784: 4101: 3503:

The prosecution phase wherein an international application filed under the

3483: 3012: 2978: 2865: 2716: 2461:

The prosecution phase wherein an international application filed under the

2336: 1775: 1380: 733:

and a number of Socialist countries. Also called "inventor's certificate".

730: 354: 296: 49: 5493: 4871:. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. April 1989. p. 162 4767: 4750: 4105: 2901: 1456:

that limits the scope of what the patent owner authorizes a manufacturing

4019: 2924: 2709:

withholds information, during participation in development and setting a

2643: 2515:

during patent prosecution. The non-patent literature includes especially

2187: 986: 900: 888: 4995:

Mark J. Thronson, Joel M. Grossman, Gabrielle S. Roth, Jon D. Grossman,

4580: 4184:

authorship and the grant to him of the exclusive right to the invention.

3375: 2523:

to show that an invention claimed in a patent or patent application was

3703: 3658: 2226: 2177: 2151: 275: 2421:

applicant had a duty to notify the USPTO of such references. See also

1914: 1663:

technology, such that any patent which it infringes must be invalid."

364: 3851: 3800: 3679: 3254: 2767: 2520: 2308: 2301: 2038: 1771: 1763: 1755: 1660: 1427: 982: 766: 156: 3858:

or patent in a sufficiently clear and complete manner to enable the

2377: 1363:(EPC). Under PCT procedures, the EPO acts as a Receiving Office, an 594: 4140: 3888:(ISA) than the ISA that carries out the main international search. 3384:, i.e. the rights conferred before the patent is granted. See also 3331: 1457: 1042: 963: 4572: 2992: 2104: 2086: 1648: 955:

take, including the nature and extent of any literature search."

835: 1816:(USPTO) by an applicant for a patent during patent prosecution. 4530: 4482: 4275:"Sun, EBay, Rock & Republic, Troyer: Intellectual Property" 3954:

The maximum period during which it can be maintained in force.

2984: 2677: 2222: 2090: 2070: 1759: 1496:

In the United States, if a patent application is mailed to the

967:

the common general knowledge in the art at the relevant date".

721:, the second reading, or publication, of a patent application. 350: 44: 3422: 2531:

before the filing of the application. Also abbreviated "NPL".

2330:

A criterion in United States patent law, according to which a

944:

disclosure of the invention is sufficiently clear and complete

803:

Under German patent law, a procedure consisting in deriving a

5133: 5021:, The Economist, August 6, 2009. Consulted on August 7, 2009. 4921: 4446:

Decision T 0412/09 of 9 May 2012, point 2.1.3, referring to "

3099:(EPO). The scheme consists in allowing an applicant filing a 2728: 2289: 2052: 1415: 4999:(Loose Leaf), Aspen Publishers, 2008 Supplement, page 1-12. 4414:

Generics (UK) Ltd v Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co Ltd & Anor

4401:

Generics (UK) Ltd v Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co Ltd & Anor

3718: 3180: 1485:

is the date the patent application was filed in one or more

1275:

A legal rule that allows a court to hold a party liable for

5372:

December 19, 2012, Federal Register page 75034, left column

4390: : "Reproducibility of the content of the disclosure". 3872:

Patent Cooperation Treaty § Search and written opinion

3609:

Restitutio in integrum under the European Patent Convention

3364:

In United States patent law, a legal document filed in the

729:

A form of inventor's recognition formerly available in the

4798:

EPO Board of Appeal decision T 1408/04 of 17 November 2006

3110: 2762:. Caveats were discontinued in 1909. A caveat was like a 1091:

documents electronically. Also referred to as "WIPO DAS".

3565:

based on rejection of claims is subject to review by the

4481:

European Patent Office Enlarged Board of Appeal opinion

2717:

Patent Application Locating and Monitoring System (PALM)

1695:

that does not comprise the features of any other claim.

4695:, August 30, 2011, Reasons for the decision, point 2.3. 4660:, August 30, 2011, Reasons for the decision, point 2.1. 4042:

Unity of invention under the European Patent Convention

3891: 3369: 2816:

A group of patents related by a common priority claim.

985:, either set by law or determined through some form of 2630:

demand to split a patent application into two or more

2075:

An examined and approved Japanese patent application.

4591: 3938:

Software patents under the European Patent Convention

3865: 3760:

software patents under the European Patent Convention

3376:

Provisional (patent) rights or provisional protection

2870:

A miniature model that shows how an invention works.

2534: 2057:

A published, unexamined Japanese patent application.

1921:

Patent Cooperation Treaty § Optional examination

5038:(March 2017). European Patent Office. March 31, 2017 4426:

EPO Board of Appeal decision T 0412/09 of 9 May 2012

3572: 4706:"International Exhaustion and Parallel Importation" 4552:"EUIPO joins the WIPO Digital Access Service (DAS)" 3806: 3776:

computer programs and the Patent Cooperation Treaty

3525:

African Regional Intellectual Property Organization

3308:

Inventive step under the European Patent Convention

2687:, and is granted for a limited period of time, the 2599:

Inventive step under the European Patent Convention

1915:

International preliminary examination report (IPER)

1801: 1341:an invention that is required to implement a given 1045:(Auction Method/Hitachi) and T 424/03 (Microsoft). 992: 3334:a party from certain later actions or assertions. 1428:Fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory licensing 1094: 5110:Pharmaceutical Sector Inquiry, Preliminary Report 3487:one country might still be valid in others). The 2824:Patenting every possible way of doing something. 2319: 1609: 5508: 5302: : "Selection inventions" (Inventive step). 4751:"Pre-emptive product patentability declarations" 4485:of May 12, 2010, Reasons 10.4, 10.5, 10.6, 10.7. 4404:EWHC 2413 (Pat) (October 15, 2008), items 36–37. 3489:unitary patent for Switzerland and Liechtenstein 3087:(PCT). Also called "international application". 1250: 353:is not a right to practice or use the invention 5415:"CHAPTER 8: SUPPLEMENTARY INTERNATIONAL SEARCH" 5362:Federal Register, page 75033-75034, 37 CFR 1.29 4016:unitary patent in Switzerland and Liechtenstein 3319: 1403: 1348: 1082: 916: 114:Patentability requirements and related concepts 5036:Official Journal of the European Patent Office 3813:United States Statutory Invention Registration 3712: 2592: 2381:An example of a theoretical Markush structure. 1882: 1192:comprising all the features of another claim. 1068: 347:legal terms relating to patents and patent law 5451:(DPMA), (German Patent and Trade Mark Office) 5163:"History of the Eurasian patent organization" 4918:"Telecom standards face patent ambush threat" 4910: 2244: 1369:International Preliminary Examining Authority 326: 4594:"States Revise Laws to Curb 'Patent Trolls'" 4494:Opinion G 3/08 (May 12, 2010), Reasons 10.6. 4416:EWHC 2413 (Pat) (October 15, 2008), item 40. 4264:Section 5(1) of the German Utility Model Act 4194: 4192: 3910: 3839: 3549:Continuing patent application § Reissue 3301: 3095:A procedural scheme launched in 2014 by the 3042: 1894: 1048: 748: 4827:Case Law of the Boards of Appeal of the EPO 4376:Case Law of the Boards of Appeal of the EPO 4179:International Enclopedia of Comparative Law 3429:Reasonable and non-discriminatory licensing 3423:Reasonable and non-discriminatory licensing 3347: 3192: 3179:In the United States, an abbreviation for " 3125: 1972: 1725: 1434:Reasonable and non-discriminatory licensing 933: 623:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 5287: : "Selection inventions" (Novelty), 3758:, depending on the jurisdiction. See also 3517:African Intellectual Property Organization 3353: 2705:A patent ambush occurs when a member of a 2251: 2237: 1868: 1719: 1441: 1395:Exhaustion of intellectual property rights 1264: 1165: 1060: 1054: 333: 319: 5469:United States Patent and Trademark Office 4940: 4766: 4505:"Change in Co-Pending Application Policy" 4203:. Harvard University Press. p. 380. 4189: 4160:List of people associated with patent law 3602: 3567:Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences 3366:United States Patent and Trademark Office 3245:, i.e. after having heard the defendant. 3241:, i.e. without hearing the defendant, or 3225: 2554:. A non-provisional application may also 2391:List of patent claim types § Markush 2021: 2014: 1925:An examination report prepared under the 1814:United States Patent and Trademark Office 1571: 1509: 1498:United States Patent and Trademark Office 1009: 643:Learn how and when to remove this message 5479:World Intellectual Property Organization 5475:PCT (Patent Cooperation Treaty) Glossary 5409: 5407: 4592:Ruth Simon; Angus Loten (May 21, 2014). 4267: 4244:. Oxford University Press. p. 274. 4239: 3691: 3436: 3212: 3034: 2891: 2777: 2731:. Reexamination is the examination of a 2652: 2498: 2376: 2146:Fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory 1887:At the European Patent Office (EPO), an 1825: 1758:). It takes a range of forms, including 1698: 1133: 1119: 1028: 924:freedom-to-operate searches and opinions 5503:at the Trilateral Co-operation web site 5317:, AIPPI. Consulted on March 29, 2009. " 5193: 5155: 4841: : "Intermediate generalisations". 4748: 3991: 3719:person having ordinary skill in the art 3312:Under the case law and practice of the 3181:person having ordinary skill in the art 3117:Person having ordinary skill in the art 3111:Person having ordinary skill in the art 2946: 2493:person having ordinary skill in the art 2292:to the inventor upon a patent's issue. 1957: 1713: 1621: 1388: 1235: 923: 792: 724: 14: 5509: 4950:. European Commission. August 23, 2007 4085: 3971: 3930: 3731:Large and small entities in patent law 3724: 3673: 3534: 3168: 2873: 2827: 2581: 2443: 2270:Large and small entities in patent law 1938: 1906: 1903:(PCT). Also called "PCT application". 1831: 1739: 1615: 1503: 1107: 773:. The concept stems from the decision 5404: 5289:Guidelines for Examination in the EPO 5274:Guidelines for Examination in the EPO 4811:Guidelines for Examination in the EPO 4360:Guidelines for Examination in the EPO 4345:Guidelines for Examination in the EPO 4198: 4029: 3664: 3633: 3587: 3083:A patent application filed under the 2399: 1944: 1899:A patent application filed under the 1598: 970: 908: 760: 741: 584: 5112:(DG Competition Staff Working Paper) 4997:Intellectual Property Legal Opinions 4749:Brazell, Lorna (September 1, 2017). 4469:Ending Abuse of Patent Continuations 4023: 4012:unitary patent in the European Union 3898:Supplementary protection certificate 3892:Supplementary protection certificate 3620: 3380:The rights conferred to a published 3337: 2634:) also qualify as "office actions". 2615:does not involve an inventive step. 2372: 1932: 1851: 1680: 1583: 1209: 825: 684: 665: 621:adding citations to reliable sources 588: 5331:35 U.S.C. 41 (h)(1), 37 C.F.R. 1.27 5196:"Regional patent systems in Africa" 5126:"Regional Patent Systems in Africa" 5124:James, Peter (November 3–6, 1999). 4116: 3825: 3794: 3685: 3528: 3492: 3280: 3268: 3205:Patent infringement § "Piracy" 2932: 2415: 1654: 1326: 1282: 997:Under United States law, a type of 518: 24: 5123: 3866:Supplementary international search 3743: 3465: 3413: 3370:Non-provisional patent application 3274: 3153:Phrase sometimes used to refer to 3078: 2952: 2819: 2535:Non-provisional patent application 2487:Inventive step and non-obviousness 2480: 2357: 2343: 1993:Inventive step and non-obviousness 1858: 1632: 1578:Patent application#Security issues 1557: 1536: 1177: 786: 137:Inventive step and non-obviousness 25: 5538: 5436: 4091: 4081: 4005: 3943: 3886:International Searching Authority 3579:Request for continued examination 3573:Request for continued examination 3542: 3498: 3286: 3220:American Inventors Protection Act 3071:Reverse payment patent settlement 2983:A person or company who enforces 2958: 2887: 2791: 2610:), the problem that the notional 2575: 2456: 2448:See "Small entity status" below. 2277: 1986: 1862: 1839: 1543:First to file and first to invent 1522:First to file and first to invent 1365:International Searching Authority 1309: 1104:suit is believed to be imminent. 706: 5494:Glossary of patent related terms 4199:Ladas, Stephen Pericles (1975). 4065: 3820:America Inventors Protection Act 3807:Statutory Invention Registration 3785: 3642: 3523:), and the Harare Protocol (see 3451: 3262: 3142:U.S. Patent and Trademark Office 3064: 3020: 2841: 2805: 2739: 2694: 2618: 2406:Information Disclosure Statement 2404:In United States patent law, an 1808:Information disclosure statement 1802:Information disclosure statement 1515: 1296: 1195: 1151: 993:Continuation-in-part application 798: 593: 538:The reply of an applicant to an 5448:Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt 5388: 5375: 5366: 5355: 5334: 5325: 5305: 5267: 5246: 5225: 5214: 5187: 5117: 5101: 5089:(1). Geneva: WIPO. January 2023 5071: 5050: 5024: 5010: 4989: 4971: 4962: 4924:. June 15, 2005. Archived from 4901: 4883: 4858: 4844: 4803: 4791: 4742: 4724: 4698: 4686: 4672: 4663: 4651: 4637: 4622: 4608: 4585: 4573:http://ssrn.com/abstract=261400 4565: 4544: 4523: 4497: 4488: 4475: 4457: 4440: 4419: 4407: 4393: 4358: : "Enabling disclosure"; 3768:under United Kingdom patent law 3148: 3006: 2972: 2859: 2263: 1819: 1610:clearance searches and opinions 1463: 1374: 1095:Declaration of non-infringement 513: 367: 5254:"Ex Parte NAGY et al - Page 1" 4338: 4316: 4294: 4258: 4233: 4220: 4171: 3772:under United States patent law 3569:(BPAI). cf Objections, supra. 3386:U.S. patent law, 35 USC 154(d) 2918: 2637: 2632:divisional patent applications 2326:Machine-or-transformation test 2320:Machine-or-transformation test 1476: 894: 569: 555: 533: 13: 1: 4800:, reasons 1, third paragraph. 4755:Pharmaceutical Patent Analyst 4531:"WIPO Digital Access Service" 4226:EPO Board of Appeal decision 4181:. BRILL. 1976. p. U-42. 4165: 3756:non-patentable subject-matter 3697: 3090: 2707:standard-setting organization 1666: 1317: 1257:Divisional patent application 1251:Divisional patent application 1217: 1016:Continuing patent application 1004:continuing patent application 860: 508: 5522:Patent law legal terminology 5168:Eurasian Patent Organization 4228:T 1727/12 of 1 February 2016 3862:to carry out the invention. 3556: 3515:, the Bangui Agreement (see 3326:Prosecution history estoppel 3320:Prosecution history estoppel 3248: 3140:procedure that requests the 2904:Museum of Military Aviation. 2495:", in order to be patented. 2173:Defensive patent aggregation 2032: 1410:Examination support document 1404:Examination support document 1349:European Patent Office (EPO) 1114:defensive patent aggregation 1083:DAS (Digital Access Service) 917:Clearance search and opinion 841: 834:buying a patent, offering a 755:German patent law#Litigation 546: 366: 186:By region / country 7: 5130:Open Forum Monte Carlo 1999 4895:September 27, 2007, at the 4148: 4134: 3957: 3713:Skilled person (in the art) 3056: 2760:United States Patent Office 2685:intellectual property right 2593:Objective technical problem 2000: 1883:Intermediate generalisation 1069:Counterclaim for revocation 771:insufficiency of disclosure 10: 5543: 5396:Rule 73(1)(first sentence) 4890:McKesson v. Bridge Medical 4830:(9th edition, July 2019), 4379:(9th edition, July 2019), 4138: 4069: 4051: 4047: 4033: 3995: 3975: 3961: 3947: 3914: 3895: 3869: 3843: 3829: 3810: 3747: 3728: 3701: 3653:A report established by a 3646: 3615:European Patent Convention 3606: 3591: 3576: 3546: 3513:Eurasian Patent Convention 3509:European Patent Convention 3455: 3440: 3426: 3390:European Patent Convention 3357: 3323: 3305: 3290: 3252: 3229: 3202: 3174: 3129: 3114: 3068: 3046: 3024: 3010: 2976: 2962: 2936: 2922: 2907: 2877: 2863: 2845: 2831: 2809: 2795: 2781: 2770:and drawings, but without 2743: 2720: 2698: 2675: 2656: 2649:grace period like the US. 2641: 2622: 2596: 2565: 2561: 2484: 2432: 2384: 2361: 2347: 2323: 2299: 2295: 2281: 2267: 2206:Clauses in patent licenses 2064: 2050: 2036: 2004: 1990: 1976: 1961: 1918: 1872: 1805: 1743: 1729: 1702: 1684: 1636: 1587: 1561: 1540: 1519: 1445: 1431: 1407: 1392: 1378: 1361:European Patent Convention 1352: 1330: 1286: 1268: 1254: 1239: 1221: 1199: 1181: 1155: 1137: 1123: 1013: 974: 898: 880: 710: 688: 669: 654: 573: 559: 243:By specific subject matter 4596:. The Wall Street Journal 4240:Bucknell, Duncan (2011). 4060:perpetual motion machines 3917:Swear back of a reference 3911:Swear back of a reference 3882:Patent Cooperation Treaty 3860:person skilled in the art 3854:must be described in the 3846:Sufficiency of disclosure 3840:Sufficiency of disclosure 3505:Patent Cooperation Treaty 3302:Problem-solution approach 3198: 3085:Patent Cooperation Treaty 3049:Patentable subject matter 3043:Patentable subject matter 2991:in an attempt to collect 2766:with a description of an 2671: 2463:Patent Cooperation Treaty 2428: 2060: 1927:Patent Cooperation Treaty 1901:Patent Cooperation Treaty 1895:International application 1471:Image File Wrappers (IFW) 1172:Patent Cooperation Treaty 1049:Contributory infringement 948:skilled person in the art 848:Patent Cooperation Treaty 194:Patent Cooperation Treaty 173:Sufficiency of disclosure 152:Person skilled in the art 122:Patentable subject matter 5465:Glossary of patent terms 3138:United States patent law 3132:Petition to make special 3126:Petition to make special 2896:The plate of the Martin 2854:United States patent law 2752:United States patent law 2350:Maintenance fee (patent) 2136:Defensive Patent License 2046: 1979:Invention promotion firm 1973:Invention promotion firm 1792:geographical indications 1732:Industrial applicability 1726:Industrial applicability 1087:A system for exchanging 934:Common general knowledge 876: 697:United States patent law 562:Maintenance fee (patent) 165:Other legal requirements 142:Industrial applicability 4736:March 26, 2010, at the 4430:T 1727/14 of 13.12.2018 4155:List of patent case law 4080:requirements. See also 3360:Provisional application 3354:Provisional application 2997:patent assertion entity 2987:rights against accused 2548:provisional application 2214:Field-of-use limitation 1875:Interference proceeding 1869:Interference proceeding 1794:and protection against 1448:Field-of-use limitation 1442:Field-of-use limitation 1271:Doctrine of equivalents 1265:Doctrine of equivalents 1166:Demand under Chapter II 1061:Co-pending applications 5499:March 7, 2014, at the 5459:European Patent Office 4708:. WIPO. Archived from 3780:software patent debate 3603:Restitutio in integrum 3348:preliminary injunction 3314:European Patent Office 3232:Preliminary injunction 3226:Preliminary injunction 3193:Preliminary injunction 3097:European Patent Office 2905: 2382: 2015:Inventor's certificate 1750:One of two subsets of 1572:Foreign filing license 1355:European Patent Office 1010:Continuing application 999:continuing application 832:patent holding company 749: 499: 494: 489: 484: 479: 474: 469: 464: 459: 454: 449: 444: 439: 434: 429: 424: 419: 414: 409: 404: 399: 394: 389: 384: 379: 374: 5107:European Commission, 4928:on September 30, 2007 4768:10.4155/ppa-2017-0023 4466:, Kimberly A. Moore, 3764:under TRIPs Agreement 3740:of higher education. 3443:Reduction to practice 3437:Reduction to practice 3213:Pre-grant Publication 3186: 3035:Patentability opinion 3001:non practicing entity 2895: 2784:Patent classification 2778:Patent classification 2659:Opposition proceeding 2653:Opposition proceeding 2499:Non-patent literature 2380: 2141:Defensive termination 1752:intellectual property 1720:indirect infringement 1699:Indirect infringement 1481:The filing date of a 1140:Defensive termination 1134:Defensive termination 1126:Defensive publication 1120:Defensive publication 1055:indirect infringement 1036:Article 52(2) and (3) 1029:Contribution approach 4129: 4111: 3998:Unified Patent Court 3992:Unified Patent Court 3986: 3925: 3628: 3527:or ARIPO). See also 3408: 2947:Patent specification 2666: 2587: 2469:is used instead—see 2451: 2314: 2126:Compulsory licensing 2078: 2027: 2022:author’s certificate 1964:Invention disclosure 1958:Invention disclosure 1714:Induced infringement 1675: 1627: 1510:Exhaustion of rights 1422: 1389:Exhaustion of rights 1304: 1242:Divided infringement 1236:Divided infringement 1077: 820: 783:on 31 October 1996. 736: 725:Author’s certificate 617:improve this section 528: 5221:MPEP § 1401 Reissue 5202:on January 23, 2012 5140:on January 23, 2012 4581:10.2139/ssrn.261400 4124:Patent infringement 3978:Transitional phrase 3972:Transitional phrase 3931:Technical character 3725:Small entity status 3692:selection invention 3674:Selection invention 3535:Registration patent 2880:Patent monetization 2874:Patent monetization 2834:Patent infringement 2828:Patent infringement 2444:Micro entity status 2423:Inequitable conduct 2410:Inequitable conduct 2183:Patent monetization 2067:Kokoku (patent law) 1952:Patent infringement 1907:International phase 1832:Infringement action 1826:Patent infringement 1784:integrated circuits 1746:Industrial property 1740:Industrial property 1705:Patent infringement 1616:Further medical use 1606:patent infringement 1504:First sale doctrine 1277:patent infringement 1224:Disclaimer (patent) 1108:Defensive patenting 928:Patent infringement 750:Bundespatentgericht 73:Procedural concepts 4968:Patent Act of 1836 4712:on August 12, 2012 4036:Unity of invention 4030:Unity of invention 3665:Second medical use 3634:Sandor Obviousness 3594:Research exemption 3588:Research exemption 3382:patent application 2906: 2764:patent application 2689:term of the patent 2544:patent application 2400:McKesson Reference 2383: 1945:Invalidity opinion 1796:unfair competition 1790:and designations, 1768:industrial designs 1622:Second medical use 1599:Freedom-to-operate 1483:patent application 977:Compulsory license 971:Compulsory license 909:Claim construction 830:The practice of a 793:research exemption 761:Biogen sufficiency 742:Bifurcation system 701:equitable estoppel 657:patent application 585:Application abroad 576:patent application 345:This is a list of 178:Unity of invention 5517:Glossaries of law 5005:978-0-7355-6194-6 4106:Patent#Definition 4086:innovation patent 3964:Transfer (patent) 3621:Revocation action 3338:Protective letter 3169:innovation patent 2582:Revocation action 2517:scientific papers 2387:Markush structure 2373:Markush structure 2261: 2260: 2168:Catch and release 2007:Inventor (patent) 1939:Revocation action 1933:Invalidity action 1852:Innovation patent 1846:German patent law 1754:(the other being 1687:Independent claim 1681:Independent claim 1590:Formstein defence 1584:Formstein defence 1452:A provision in a 1343:industry standard 1210:Designated office 1023:submarine patents 826:Catch and release 719:German patent law 691:Assignor estoppel 685:Assignor estoppel 672:Arrow declaration 666:Arrow declaration 653: 652: 645: 343: 342: 16:(Redirected from 5534: 5527:Patent law lists 5431: 5430: 5428: 5426: 5411: 5402: 5394:See for example 5392: 5386: 5381:See for example 5379: 5373: 5370: 5364: 5359: 5353: 5352: 5350: 5348: 5338: 5332: 5329: 5323: 5309: 5303: 5299: 5295: 5284: 5280: 5271: 5265: 5264: 5262: 5260: 5250: 5244: 5243: 5241: 5239: 5229: 5223: 5218: 5212: 5211: 5209: 5207: 5198:. Archived from 5191: 5185: 5184: 5182: 5180: 5175:on July 17, 2012 5171:. Archived from 5159: 5153: 5152: 5147: 5145: 5136:. Archived from 5121: 5115: 5105: 5099: 5098: 5096: 5094: 5075: 5069: 5068: 5066: 5064: 5054: 5048: 5047: 5045: 5043: 5028: 5022: 5018:Something rotten 5014: 5008: 4993: 4987: 4975: 4969: 4966: 4960: 4959: 4957: 4955: 4944: 4938: 4937: 4935: 4933: 4914: 4908: 4905: 4899: 4887: 4881: 4880: 4878: 4876: 4870: 4862: 4856: 4848: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4821: 4817: 4807: 4801: 4795: 4789: 4788: 4770: 4746: 4740: 4728: 4722: 4721: 4719: 4717: 4702: 4696: 4690: 4684: 4676: 4670: 4667: 4661: 4655: 4649: 4641: 4635: 4628:See for example 4626: 4620: 4612: 4606: 4605: 4603: 4601: 4589: 4583: 4569: 4563: 4562: 4560: 4558: 4548: 4542: 4541: 4539: 4537: 4527: 4521: 4520: 4518: 4516: 4511:. March 17, 2006 4501: 4495: 4492: 4486: 4479: 4473: 4461: 4455: 4444: 4438: 4432:, reasons 1.1: 4423: 4417: 4411: 4405: 4397: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4370: 4366: 4355: 4351: 4342: 4336: 4323:Article 31(4)(a) 4320: 4314: 4301:Article 4(1)(ii) 4298: 4292: 4291: 4289: 4287: 4271: 4265: 4262: 4256: 4255: 4237: 4231: 4224: 4218: 4217: 4196: 4187: 4186: 4175: 4117:Validity opinion 4054:Utility (patent) 3878:prior art search 3832:Submarine patent 3826:Submarine patent 3795:State of the art 3686:Selection patent 2939:Patent portfolio 2933:Patent portfolio 2568:Novelty (patent) 2511:—or cited by an 2416:Marlow Reference 2253: 2246: 2239: 2220:Higher category: 2083: 2082: 1788:commercial names 1655:Gillette defense 1333:Essential patent 1327:Essential patent 1289:Double patenting 1283:Double patenting 779:, issued by the 776:Biogen v. Medeva 752: 648: 641: 637: 634: 628: 597: 589: 369: 335: 328: 321: 29: 28: 21: 5542: 5541: 5537: 5536: 5535: 5533: 5532: 5531: 5507: 5506: 5501:Wayback Machine 5439: 5434: 5424: 5422: 5413: 5412: 5405: 5393: 5389: 5380: 5376: 5371: 5367: 5360: 5356: 5346: 5344: 5340: 5339: 5335: 5330: 5326: 5310: 5306: 5297: 5293: 5282: 5278: 5272: 5268: 5258: 5256: 5252: 5251: 5247: 5237: 5235: 5231: 5230: 5226: 5219: 5215: 5205: 5203: 5192: 5188: 5178: 5176: 5161: 5160: 5156: 5143: 5141: 5132:. Monte Carlo: 5122: 5118: 5106: 5102: 5092: 5090: 5077: 5076: 5072: 5062: 5060: 5056: 5055: 5051: 5041: 5039: 5030: 5029: 5025: 5015: 5011: 4994: 4990: 4976: 4972: 4967: 4963: 4953: 4951: 4946: 4945: 4941: 4931: 4929: 4916: 4915: 4911: 4906: 4902: 4897:Wayback Machine 4888: 4884: 4874: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4863: 4859: 4849: 4845: 4836: 4832: 4819: 4815: 4808: 4804: 4796: 4792: 4747: 4743: 4738:Wayback Machine 4729: 4725: 4715: 4713: 4704: 4703: 4699: 4691: 4687: 4677: 4673: 4668: 4664: 4656: 4652: 4644:Article 2(xiii) 4642: 4638: 4627: 4623: 4613: 4609: 4599: 4597: 4590: 4586: 4570: 4566: 4556: 4554: 4550: 4549: 4545: 4535: 4533: 4529: 4528: 4524: 4514: 4512: 4503: 4502: 4498: 4493: 4489: 4480: 4476: 4462: 4458: 4445: 4441: 4424: 4420: 4412: 4408: 4398: 4394: 4385: 4381: 4368: 4364: 4353: 4349: 4343: 4339: 4321: 4317: 4308:Article 2(xiii) 4299: 4295: 4285: 4283: 4273: 4272: 4268: 4263: 4259: 4252: 4238: 4234: 4225: 4221: 4211: 4197: 4190: 4177: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4151: 4143: 4137: 4132: 4119: 4114: 4094: 4074: 4068: 4056: 4050: 4038: 4032: 4024:regional patent 4008: 4000: 3994: 3989: 3980: 3974: 3966: 3960: 3952: 3946: 3933: 3928: 3919: 3913: 3900: 3894: 3874: 3868: 3848: 3842: 3834: 3828: 3815: 3809: 3797: 3788: 3752: 3750:Software patent 3746: 3744:Software patent 3733: 3727: 3715: 3706: 3700: 3688: 3676: 3667: 3651: 3645: 3636: 3631: 3623: 3611: 3605: 3596: 3590: 3581: 3575: 3559: 3551: 3545: 3537: 3501: 3480:Eurasian patent 3476:European patent 3468: 3466:Regional patent 3460: 3454: 3445: 3439: 3431: 3425: 3416: 3414:Reading a claim 3411: 3378: 3362: 3356: 3340: 3328: 3322: 3310: 3304: 3295: 3289: 3277: 3275:Priority period 3265: 3257: 3251: 3234: 3228: 3215: 3207: 3201: 3189: 3177: 3160:Gebrauchsmuster 3151: 3134: 3128: 3119: 3113: 3101:PCT application 3093: 3081: 3079:PCT application 3073: 3067: 3059: 3051: 3045: 3037: 3029: 3023: 3015: 3009: 2981: 2975: 2967: 2961: 2949: 2941: 2935: 2927: 2921: 2912: 2890: 2882: 2876: 2868: 2862: 2850: 2844: 2836: 2830: 2822: 2820:Patent flooding 2814: 2808: 2800: 2794: 2786: 2780: 2758:filed with the 2748: 2742: 2725: 2719: 2703: 2697: 2680: 2674: 2669: 2661: 2655: 2646: 2640: 2627: 2621: 2601: 2595: 2590: 2578: 2570: 2564: 2537: 2501: 2489: 2483: 2481:Non-obviousness 2459: 2454: 2446: 2437: 2435:Method (patent) 2431: 2418: 2402: 2393: 2385:Main articles: 2375: 2366: 2364:Markman hearing 2360: 2358:Markman hearing 2352: 2346: 2344:Maintenance fee 2328: 2322: 2317: 2304: 2298: 2286: 2280: 2272: 2266: 2257: 2218: 2198:Patent trolling 2193:Stick licensing 2131:Cross-licensing 2081: 2073: 2065:Main articles: 2063: 2055: 2049: 2041: 2035: 2030: 2017: 2009: 2003: 1995: 1989: 1981: 1975: 1966: 1960: 1947: 1935: 1923: 1917: 1909: 1897: 1885: 1877: 1871: 1854: 1842: 1834: 1822: 1810: 1804: 1748: 1742: 1734: 1728: 1716: 1707: 1701: 1689: 1683: 1678: 1669: 1657: 1641: 1639:Gebrauchsmuster 1635: 1633:Gebrauchsmuster 1630: 1618: 1601: 1592: 1586: 1574: 1566: 1564:Flash of genius 1560: 1558:Flash of genius 1545: 1539: 1537:First to invent 1530:First to invent 1524: 1518: 1506: 1479: 1466: 1450: 1444: 1436: 1430: 1425: 1412: 1406: 1397: 1391: 1383: 1377: 1357: 1351: 1335: 1329: 1320: 1312: 1307: 1299: 1291: 1285: 1273: 1267: 1259: 1253: 1244: 1238: 1226: 1220: 1212: 1204: 1198: 1186: 1184:Dependent claim 1180: 1178:Dependent claim 1168: 1160: 1154: 1142: 1136: 1128: 1122: 1110: 1097: 1085: 1080: 1071: 1063: 1051: 1031: 1018: 1012: 995: 979: 973: 936: 919: 911: 903: 897: 885: 879: 863: 844: 828: 823: 809:Gebrauchsmuster 801: 789: 787:Bolar exemption 763: 744: 739: 727: 715: 709: 693: 687: 674: 668: 659: 649: 638: 632: 629: 614: 598: 587: 578: 572: 564: 558: 549: 536: 531: 526: 525: 524: 523: 370: 339: 292:Patent analysis 256:Business method 23: 22: 18:Utility patents 15: 12: 11: 5: 5540: 5530: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5505: 5504: 5491: 5482: 5472: 5462: 5452: 5438: 5437:External links 5435: 5433: 5432: 5403: 5387: 5374: 5365: 5354: 5333: 5324: 5304: 5266: 5245: 5224: 5213: 5186: 5154: 5116: 5100: 5083:PCT Newsletter 5070: 5049: 5023: 5009: 4988: 4970: 4961: 4939: 4909: 4900: 4882: 4857: 4851:Article 2(vii) 4843: 4802: 4790: 4761:(5): 197–200. 4741: 4723: 4697: 4685: 4679:Article 2(xiv) 4671: 4662: 4650: 4636: 4621: 4607: 4584: 4564: 4543: 4522: 4496: 4487: 4474: 4464:Mark A. Lemley 4456: 4439: 4437: 4436: 4418: 4406: 4392: 4337: 4330:Article 2(xiv) 4315: 4293: 4280:Bloomberg News 4266: 4257: 4250: 4232: 4219: 4209: 4188: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4163: 4162: 4157: 4150: 4147: 4139:Main article: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4098:design patents 4093: 4092:Utility patent 4090: 4070:Main article: 4067: 4064: 4052:Main article: 4049: 4046: 4034:Main article: 4031: 4028: 4007: 4006:Unitary patent 4004: 3996:Main article: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3976:Main article: 3973: 3970: 3962:Main article: 3959: 3956: 3950:Term of patent 3948:Main article: 3945: 3944:Term of patent 3942: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3915:Main article: 3912: 3909: 3896:Main article: 3893: 3890: 3870:Main article: 3867: 3864: 3844:Main article: 3841: 3838: 3830:Main article: 3827: 3824: 3811:Main article: 3808: 3805: 3799:A synonym for 3796: 3793: 3787: 3784: 3748:Main article: 3745: 3742: 3729:Main article: 3726: 3723: 3714: 3711: 3702:Main article: 3699: 3696: 3687: 3684: 3675: 3672: 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