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Old Tom Morris

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to their own devices, becoming truly "hazardous") and yardage markers. He was the first to use a push mower to cut greens. He improved play at St Andrews by widening fairways to handle increased play, improving greens, and establishing separate teeing areas on each hole; all of these measures spread out play over larger areas, and led to better turf conditions. He created a new first green on the Old Course, and was responsible for the initial design of the New Course 1895 and Jubilee course in 1897. He also introduced the modern idea of placing hazards so that the golf ball could be routed around them; this was the beginning of strategic design, which has dominated golf course design ever since. Before his time hazards were thought of as obstacles that either had to be carried or were there to punish a wayward ball. When he was 77 he was nearly beaten by
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Campbell of Saddell, and I had the misfortune to lose all my supply of balls, which were, you can understand, very much easier lost in those days, and Mr. Campbell kindly gave me a gutta to try. I took to it at once, and as we were playing in, it so happened that we met Allan coming out, and someone told him that I was playing a very good game with one of the new gutta balls, and I could see fine from the expression on his face, that he did not like it at all. And, when we met afterwards in his shop, we had some high words about the matter, and then and there we parted company, I leaving his employment. - Old Tom Morris
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Morris was in his early 20s he was the second-best player in St. Andrews, close to Robertson in golf skill, and won an informal match from him over the Old Course in 1843, but the two players rarely played seriously head-to-head. As Robertson's employee, Morris was in somewhat of an awkward position. He was a long-time member of the
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Morris was also the father of modern greenkeeping. He introduced the concept of top-dressing greens with sand, which significantly helped turf growth. He introduced many novel ideas on turf and course management, including actively managing hazards (in the past, bunkers and the like were largely left
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50 per year. St Andrews was then in very poor condition, and his first task was to correct this. He did so by widening the fairways, enlarging the greens, applying greenkeeping techniques he had developed at Prestwick, building two new greens (on holes 1 and 18), and "managing" the hazards. He stayed
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From the early 1840s, Robertson often chose Morris as his partner in challenge matches, played by alternate shot format, which were the principal form of competition at that time. It was said the two never lost a team match played on even terms. The team became known as "The Invincibles". By the time
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became an accomplished player in his own right by his mid-teens, in the mid-1860s, father and son formed a team for challenge matches, usually played by alternate shot (foursomes play), where they proved very successful. Their partnership, although not exclusive, would continue until the death of
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I can remember the circumstances well. Allan (Robertson) could not reconcile himself to the new ball at first at all. But the gutta became the fashion very quickly, so what could we do? One day, and it is one that will always be clearly stamped upon my memory, I had been playing golf with a Mr.
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Morris was sought out by the Royal and Ancient Golf Club, which formally passed a motion in 1864 calling for his rehiring. Morris returned to St Andrews in 1864 to take charge of the links, as Keeper of the Green and professional, at a then-generous salary of
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in 1860, and won the following year. He followed this up with further victories in 1862, 1864 and 1867. He still holds the record as the oldest winner of The Open Championship at 46. Also, he was part of the only father/son couple being winner and runner-up.
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in his home town. He began golf by age ten, by knocking wine-bottle corks pierced with nails (to serve as balls) around the streets of the town using a homemade club, in informal matches against other youths; this was known as 'sollybodkins'. He started
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in 1851, which was just starting up. At Prestwick, he designed, laid out, and maintained the course, ran his own golf equipment business selling gutties and clubs, gave instruction to players, and ran events. He was influential in beginning
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in 1842. In 1871 he visited Forfar, in Scotland, where he created the first golf course in the world that was originally designed with 18 holes, Forfar Golf Club. His subsequent work included
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Morris kept working right up until his death, just before his 87th birthday. He died in the Memorial Cottage Hospital, St Andrews after falling down a flight of stairs in the clubhouse of
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and the Castletown Golf Club in the Isle of Man. Glasgow Golf Club's Killermont course was his last 18 hole design, opening in 1904, just four years before his death.
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The house where Morris was born no longer exists, but it is thought to be close to 121 North Street, St Andrews. He was the son of a weaver, and was educated at
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Morris held the record for the largest margin of victory in a major championship (13 strokes in the 1862 Open Championship), which stood until
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depicts the lives and careers of Old Tom and his son, and focuses on their complex and bittersweet relationship. It is based on Kevin Cook's
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by 15 strokes. He became the second player to break 80 over the Old Course, scoring 79; Robertson had been the first to do it. Once his son
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Morris worked under Robertson at St Andrews until 1848, when he was fired on the spot after being caught by Robertson playing the new
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Morris played a role in designing courses across the British Isles. He began by assisting Robertson to lay out ten holes at
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in the post until 1903, a total of 39 years, and was kept on afterwards by the R&A at full salary.
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in 1895, Kinghorn Golf Club in 1887, Kirkcaldy Golf Club Nov 1904 9- holes then May 1906 18 holes,
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The Life of Tom Morris: With Glimpses of St. Andrews and Its Golfing Celebrities (Classic Reprint)
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under Robertson, by most accounts the world's top player from about 1843 until his death in 1859.
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Tommy's Honor: The Story of Old Tom Morris and Young Tom Morris, Golf's Founding Father and Son
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Tommy's Honor: The Story of Old Tom Morris and Young Tom Morris, Golf's Founding Father and Son
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golf ball, which was threatened by the emergence of the guttie. Morris was then hired by
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and playing golf from a young age, and formally was hired as an apprentice at age 14 to
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Morris worked as a greenkeeper, clubmaker, ballmaker, golf instructor, and
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Old Tom Morris on the Himalayas putting course in 1892, which he designed
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golf ball ("guttie"); Robertson had a profitable business making the
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The simple grave of Old Tom Morris, St Andrews Cathedral churchyard
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He is buried against the eastern wall of the churchyard of
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Tom Morris of St Andrews: The Colossus of Golf 1821–1908
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The Soul of St. Andrews: The Life of Old Tom Morris
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Morris is looking out the second storey window ( 273:(16 June 1821 – 24 May 1908), otherwise known as 3312: 1662: 371:, and struck the very first shot in that event. 1780:List of golf courses designed by Old Tom Morris 1536: 1021: 428:List of golf courses designed by Old Tom Morris 1620: 1373:, by Kevin Cook, Gotham Books, New York 2007, 1997: 1919:The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews 1744: 1666:St Andrews in the Footsteps of Old Tom Morris 1599: 1557: 1758: 1446:, by Kevin Cook, New York 2005, Gotham Books 422:Golf course design, greenkeeping innovations 1191: 1189: 2004: 1990: 1751: 1737: 1641: 3326:Winners of men's major golf championships 388: 301:(died 1875), also a golfer, was his son. 293:, the "home of golf" and location of the 1579:Tulloch William Weir (14 October 2018). 1509:"Old Tom had plenty to be worried about" 1506: 1480: 1478: 1417:"Tom Morris – The Grand Old Man of Golf" 1186: 490: 27:Scottish professional golfer (1821–1908) 374: 14: 3313: 1449: 1302: 1300: 1248: 1246: 1244: 1242: 1095:Old Tom Morris with Young Tom Morris, 530: 1985: 1732: 1719:Old Tom Morris Golf Courses Challenge 1475: 1310:. R&A Championships. 16 June 2021 1254:"Old Tom Morris and Young Tom Morris" 337: 1353: 1308:"Old Tom at 200 / A Life and Legacy" 452:, the Jubilee Course at St Andrews, 304: 1537:William Tulloch (7 November 2010). 1409: 1297: 1239: 699: 204:Best results in major championships 24: 1709:Society of Hickory Golfers Profile 1621:Old Tom Morris (29 October 2001). 1530: 1384: 1322: 1214: 164: 75:Old Tom, The Grand Old Man of Golf 25: 3367: 3341:People educated at Madras College 3331:World Golf Hall of Fame inductees 1684: 1558:W. W. Tulloch (7 December 2017). 1507:Gilleece, Dermot (23 June 2001). 1835: 1715: (archived 12 December 2007) 1585:. Creative Media Partners, LLC. 1145: 1118: 1106: 1088: 1076: 1050: 1018:"T" indicates a tie for a place 685: 651: 617: 583: 129: 42: 1854:The Open Championship victories 1790:The Open Championship victories 1624:The Scrapbook of Old Tom Morris 1500: 160: 1364: 1360:. Chapman & Hall, Limited. 1347: 1271: 1034:Herbert Warren Wind Book Award 13: 1: 1600:David Malcolm (1 July 2011). 1459:. Lorrin Golf. Archived from 1396:Historic Environment Scotland 1179: 1130: 1096: 1066: 460:, Bridge of Allan Golf Club, 167:; died 1876) 1949:The Himalayas putting course 1725: (archived 20 July 2010) 1695:Scottish Sports Hall of Fame 1669:. Saint Andrews Golf Press. 1648:. Penguin Publishing Group. 1642:Kevin Cook (27 March 2008). 1258:National Records of Scotland 1226:National Records of Scotland 1222:"Old Tom Morris (1821-1908)" 1169:People on Scottish banknotes 1022:Depictions in film and print 663: 629: 595: 562: 7: 1157: 1127:golf shop of Old Tom Morris 535: 482:Royal North Devon Golf Club 10: 3372: 1606:. Birlinn. pp. 318–. 1281:. The Open. 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Undiscovered Scotland 1334:scottishgolfhistory.org 1113:Old Tom Morris in 1880 249:World Golf Hall of Fame 239:Achievements and awards 3336:Golf course architects 1874:1872 Open Championship 1869:1870 Open Championship 1864:1869 Open Championship 1859:1868 Open Championship 1810:1867 Open Championship 1805:1864 Open Championship 1800:1862 Open Championship 1795:1861 Open Championship 1582:The Life of Tom Morris 669:The Open Championship 635:The Open Championship 601:The Open Championship 496: 389:Competitive highlights 347: 271:Thomas Mitchell Morris 64:Thomas Mitchell Morris 3321:Scottish male golfers 2013:The Open Championship 1961:Carnoustie Golf Links 1063:James Ogilvie Fairlie 968:The Open Championship 902:The Open Championship 827:The Open Championship 743:The Open Championship 569:The Open Championship 525:St Andrew's Cathedral 494: 365:The Open Championship 342: 212:The Open Championship 2291:William Auchterlonie 1914:St Andrews Golf Club 1827:Tom Morris Golf Shop 1785:Old Tom Morris Award 1564:. Fb&c Limited. 1174:Tom Morris Golf Shop 1164:Old Tom Morris Award 375:Return to St Andrews 367:in 1860, along with 332:St Andrews Golf Club 124:Sporting nationality 118:St Andrews, Scotland 54:Personal information 1956:Prestwick Golf Club 531:Major championships 438:Kingussie Golf Club 418:Young Tom in 1875. 360:Prestwick Golf Club 150:Agnes (Nancy) Bayne 3225:Francesco Molinari 3143:Pádraig Harrington 3134:Pádraig Harrington 2806:Roberto De Vicenzo 1543:. Fireship Press. 1285:on 16 October 2013 1083:Tom Morris in 1860 1014:NT = No tournament 1011: Did not play 497: 338:Moves to Prestwick 3308: 3307: 3301:COVID-19 pandemic 3299:cancelled due to 3292:cancelled due to 3285:cancelled due to 3265:Xander Schauffele 2984:Mark Calcavecchia 2454:John Henry Taylor 2421:John Henry Taylor 2349:John Henry Taylor 2307:John Henry Taylor 2299:John Henry Taylor 1979: 1978: 1676:978-0-9571643-6-9 1655:978-1-59240-342-4 1634:978-1-886947-45-0 1613:978-0-85790-107-1 1592:978-0-343-11940-9 1571:978-0-331-91332-3 1550:978-1-61179-056-6 1379:978-1-59240-342-4 994: 993: 936: 935: 861: 860: 786: 785: 697: 696: 672: 638: 604: 518:The New Golf Club 399:Open Championship 305:Early golf career 285:. 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3318: 3316: 3303: 3302: 3296: 3295: 3289: 3288: 3282: 3274: 3266: 3261: 3258: 3253: 3250: 3249:Cameron Smith 3245: 3242: 3237: 3234: 3229: 3226: 3221: 3218: 3217:Jordan Spieth 3213: 3210: 3205: 3201: 3196: 3193: 3188: 3185: 3180: 3177: 3172: 3169: 3168:Darren Clarke 3164: 3161: 3156: 3152: 3147: 3144: 3139: 3135: 3130: 3127: 3122: 3119: 3114: 3110: 3109:Todd Hamilton 3105: 3102: 3097: 3093: 3088: 3085: 3080: 3077: 3072: 3068: 3063: 3059: 3054: 3051: 3046: 3043: 3038: 3034: 3029: 3026: 3021: 3018: 3013: 3010: 3005: 3002: 2997: 2994: 2989: 2985: 2980: 2977: 2972: 2969: 2964: 2961: 2956: 2953: 2948: 2945: 2940: 2937: 2932: 2929: 2924: 2921: 2916: 2913: 2908: 2905: 2900: 2897: 2896:Jack Nicklaus 2892: 2889: 2884: 2881: 2880:Johnny Miller 2876: 2872: 2867: 2864: 2859: 2856: 2851: 2848: 2843: 2840: 2835: 2831: 2830:Jack Nicklaus 2826: 2823: 2818: 2815: 2810: 2807: 2802: 2799: 2798:Jack Nicklaus 2794: 2791: 2790:Peter Thomson 2786: 2783: 2778: 2774: 2769: 2766: 2765:Arnold Palmer 2761: 2758: 2757:Arnold Palmer 2753: 2750: 2745: 2742: 2737: 2733: 2732:Peter Thomson 2728: 2725: 2720: 2717: 2716:Peter Thomson 2712: 2709: 2708:Peter Thomson 2704: 2701: 2700:Peter Thomson 2696: 2693: 2688: 2685: 2680: 2677: 2672: 2669: 2664: 2660: 2655: 2652: 2647: 2644: 2639: 2636: 2631: 2628: 2623: 2620: 2619:Reg Whitcombe 2615: 2612: 2607: 2604: 2599: 2596: 2591: 2588: 2583: 2579: 2574: 2571: 2566: 2563: 2558: 2554: 2549: 2546: 2541: 2538: 2533: 2529: 2524: 2520: 2515: 2512: 2507: 2504: 2499: 2496: 2495:Arthur Havers 2491: 2488: 2483: 2479: 2474: 2471: 2470:George Duncan 2466: 2463: 2458: 2455: 2450: 2447: 2442: 2438: 2433: 2430: 2425: 2422: 2417: 2414: 2409: 2406: 2401: 2398: 2393: 2390: 2385: 2382: 2377: 2374: 2369: 2366: 2361: 2358: 2353: 2350: 2345: 2342: 2337: 2334: 2329: 2325: 2324:Harold Hilton 2320: 2316: 2311: 2308: 2303: 2300: 2295: 2292: 2287: 2283: 2282:Harold Hilton 2278: 2275: 2274:Hugh Kirkaldy 2270: 2266: 2261: 2257: 2252: 2249: 2244: 2241: 2236: 2233: 2228: 2225: 2220: 2217: 2212: 2208: 2207:Willie Fernie 2203: 2200: 2195: 2192: 2187: 2184: 2179: 2176: 2171: 2168: 2163: 2160: 2155: 2151: 2146: 2143: 2138: 2135: 2130: 2127: 2122: 2119: 2114: 2111: 2106: 2103: 2098: 2095: 2090: 2087: 2082: 2079: 2074: 2071: 2070:Andrew Strath 2066: 2063: 2058: 2055: 2050: 2047: 2042: 2039: 2034: 2031: 2026: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2014: 2007: 2002: 2000: 1995: 1993: 1988: 1987: 1984: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1954: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1942: 1940: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1931: 1930: 1927: 1925: 1922: 1920: 1917: 1915: 1912: 1911: 1909: 1905: 1899: 1898: 1894: 1892: 1889: 1885: 1882: 1880: 1877: 1875: 1872: 1870: 1867: 1865: 1862: 1860: 1857: 1856: 1855: 1852: 1851: 1849: 1847: 1843: 1838: 1828: 1825: 1823: 1820: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1803: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1793: 1792: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1783: 1781: 1778: 1777: 1775: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1754: 1749: 1747: 1742: 1740: 1735: 1734: 1731: 1724: 1720: 1717: 1714: 1710: 1707: 1705: 1701: 1698: 1696: 1692: 1689: 1688: 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Wiley. 999: Win 681:2 strokes 647:2 strokes 579:4 strokes 478:Warkworth 474:Rosapenna 462:Askernish 446:Muirfield 442:Prestwick 356:featherie 206:(wins: 4) 60:Full name 2126:Tom Kidd 1158:See also 1057:Morris ( 549:24 holes 536:Wins (4) 454:Balcomie 316:caddying 176:Children 137:Scotland 70:Nickname 3297:; 2020 1907:Related 1721:at the 1711:at the 1702:at the 1693:at the 1339:3 April 1314:23 July 1061:) with 1044:Gallery 470:Lahinch 411:US Open 169:​ 157:​ 153:​ 3190:2014‡ 3116:2005‡ 2853:1973‡ 2585:1934‡ 2568:1932‡ 2526:1927‡ 2444:1912‡ 1673:  1652:  1631:  1610:  1589:  1568:  1547:  1518:21 May 1426:16 May 1377:  1206:17 May 1009:  1003:  997:  555:Margin 283:golfer 277:, and 195:Status 189:Career 163:  144:Spouse 134:  3279:1871 3263:2024 3255:2023 3247:2022 3239:2021 3231:2019 3223:2018 3215:2017 3207:2016 3198:2015 3182:2013 3174:2012 3166:2011 3158:2010 3149:2009 3141:2008 3132:2007 3124:2006 3107:2004 3099:2003 3090:2002 3082:2001 3074:2000 3065:1999 3056:1998 3048:1997 3040:1996 3031:1995 3023:1994 3015:1993 3007:1992 2999:1991 2991:1990 2982:1989 2974:1988 2966:1987 2958:1986 2950:1985 2942:1984 2934:1983 2926:1982 2918:1981 2910:1980 2902:1979 2894:1978 2886:1977 2878:1976 2869:1975 2861:1974 2845:1972 2837:1971 2828:1970 2820:1969 2812:1968 2804:1967 2796:1966 2788:1965 2780:1964 2771:1963 2763:1962 2755:1961 2747:1960 2739:1959 2730:1958 2722:1957 2714:1956 2706:1955 2698:1954 2690:1953 2682:1952 2674:1951 2666:1950 2657:1949 2649:1948 2641:1947 2633:1946 2625:1939 2617:1938 2609:1937 2601:1936 2593:1935 2576:1933 2560:1931 2551:1930 2543:1929 2535:1928 2517:1926 2509:1925 2501:1924 2493:1923 2485:1922 2476:1921 2468:1920 2460:1914 2452:1913 2435:1911 2427:1910 2419:1909 2411:1908 2403:1907 2395:1906 2387:1905 2379:1904 2371:1903 2363:1902 2355:1901 2347:1900 2339:1899 2331:1898 2322:1897 2313:1896 2305:1895 2297:1894 2289:1893 2280:1892 2272:1891 2263:1890 2254:1889 2246:1888 2238:1887 2230:1886 2222:1885 2214:1884 2205:1883 2197:1882 2189:1881 2181:1880 2173:1879 2165:1878 2157:1877 2148:1876 2140:1875 2132:1874 2124:1873 2116:1872 2108:1870 2100:1869 2092:1868 2084:1867 2076:1866 2068:1865 2060:1864 2052:1863 2044:1862 2036:1861 2028:1860 962:1896 959:1895 956:1894 953:1893 950:1892 947:1891 944:1890 896:1889 893:1888 890:1887 887:1886 884:1885 881:1884 878:1883 875:1882 872:1881 869:1880 821:1879 818:1878 815:1877 812:1876 809:1875 806:1874 803:1873 800:1872 797:1871 794:1870 737:1869 734:1868 731:1867 728:1866 725:1865 722:1864 719:1863 716:1862 713:1861 710:1860 512:Death 458:Moray 253:1976 159:( 155: 1762:and 1671:ISBN 1650:ISBN 1629:ISBN 1608:ISBN 1587:ISBN 1566:ISBN 1545:ISBN 1520:2018 1494:2007 1469:2007 1428:2021 1403:2020 1375:ISBN 1341:2022 1316:2021 1291:2013 1265:2020 1233:2020 1208:2021 1125:The 1059:left 975:T58 932:T15 929:T27 926:T28 923:T27 920:T29 917:T13 914:T10 857:T14 843:T18 665:1867 631:1864 597:1862 564:1861 543:Year 472:and 291:Fife 233:1867 229:1864 225:1862 221:1861 165:1844 108:Died 100:Fife 82:Born 2873:† 1760:Old 990:WD 987:47 984:WD 981:52 978:50 972:WD 909:T5 906:10 854:11 851:T8 848:T4 837:T4 834:NT 671:(4) 637:(3) 603:(2) 504:at 464:in 217:Won 182:Tom 180:4 ( 3317:: 3035:† 2775:† 2267:# 1511:. 1477:^ 1436:^ 1419:. 1394:. 1332:. 1299:^ 1256:. 1241:^ 1224:. 1199:. 1188:^ 1140:). 1131:c. 1097:c. 1067:c. 1065:, 1040:. 840:7 831:4 782:6 779:2 771:4 768:5 760:2 747:2 468:, 448:, 444:, 334:. 289:, 231:, 227:, 223:, 219:: 161:m. 98:, 3202:† 3153:† 3136:† 3111:† 3094:† 3069:† 3060:† 2986:† 2832:† 2734:† 2661:† 2580:† 2555:# 2530:# 2521:# 2480:† 2439:† 2326:# 2317:† 2284:# 2258:† 2209:† 2152:† 2005:e 1998:t 1991:v 1752:e 1745:t 1738:v 1679:. 1658:. 1637:. 1616:. 1595:. 1574:. 1553:. 1522:. 1496:. 1471:. 1430:. 1405:. 1343:. 1318:. 1293:. 1267:. 1235:. 1210:. 775:1 764:1 756:1 751:1 382:£ 259:) 255:( 91:) 87:( 20:)

Index

Tom Morris Sr.

St Andrews
Fife
Scotland
Tom
The Open Championship
1861
1862
1864
1867
World Golf Hall of Fame
member page
golfer
St Andrews
Fife
St Andrews Links
Young Tom Morris
Madras College
caddying
Allan Robertson
journeyman
St Andrews Golf Club
gutta percha
featherie
Prestwick Golf Club
The Open Championship
James Fairlie
£
course designer

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