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a number of children outside of marriage. When
Mariana died, he contracted marriage on 1872 to María Ignacia Arboleda Arboleda. Mosquera was 78 at the time, and reportedly when he proposed to her he said, 'Would you like to be the widow of General Mosquera?' In total he had eight children (with: Mariana Arboleda -Anibal Mosquera and Amalia Mosquera-; María Ignacia Arboleda -José Bolívar Mosquera-; Paula Luque -Clelia Mosquera, Teodulia Mosquera, Isabel Mosquera-; María Lorza -María Engracia Mosquera-; Candelaria Cervantes -Tomás Cervantes Mosquera-).
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521:. Mosquera served twice as president of the new government. From 1861 to 1862 he served in a non-elected, interim manner, while the constitution was written. From 1862 to 1864 he served in an elected manner. He had a fourth term from 1866 to 1867. Due to the liberal reforms carried out under his leadership, he is considered one of the most important persons in Colombian history of the 19th century.
624:). It was in this battle that he received the shot that broke his lower jaw and impaired his speech, and that made him the object of the infamous nickname of "Mascachochas." His prowess in battle was awarded by a promotion to colonel, and he became governor of a number of provinces in the southwest of the country (
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the
Conservative faction. Despite some dissent, a federal and liberal constitution was proclaimed that guaranteed rights to citizens. All the signers supported this Constitution. It was decided that Mosquera should complete the first two-year term as President of the United States of Colombia, until April 1864.
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went bankrupt. While in New York, he wrote his 'Memoria sobre geografía física y política de Nueva
Granada', one of his many treatises in Colombian geography. He was member of a number of scientific societies in Latin America and Europe. He went back to Colombia some years later to fight the so-called
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General Tomás
Cipriano de Mosquera married twice. As was the custom among bourgeoisie at the time, both times he married maternal relatives. His first marriage was to Mariana Benvenuta Arboleda Arroyo, but it has been characterized as unhappy as a result of the frequent cheating of Mosquera, who had
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During his second term as president (1861–1863), Mosquera enacted several decrees aimed to control the power of the
Catholic Church, selling many of its properties to invigorate the economy and giving them to the poor Colombian people, and banning Jesuits from the country for their open support for
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His political measures were frowned upon by the sectors that had previously supported him in his presidential election, and he was much closer to liberals. By the end of his term he moved to New York city to devote in his family business, and he created an international trade house in there which
803:, where he wrote his book 'Cosmogonía. Estudio sobre los diversos sistemas de la creación del universo' (Cosmogony. A study of the diverse systems of the creation of the universe). Back in Colombia by 1871, he ran for president again but failed, although he was elected to the presidency of
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In 1845, the so-called ministerial sector (who later would form the
Conservative Party) supported Mosquera as a candidate for Presidency, and he was victorious. During his administration he emphasized economic opening up. In 1846 his administration signed the
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between 1829 and 1830, and subsequently he was a diplomat in various countries in Europe and in the United States (1830–1833). At his return he became a congressman (1834–1837), and later
Secretary of War for the conservative government of
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in 1863, and he personally commanded the
Colombian army to victory. This would be the only international conflict to date between the two countries. At the end of his term, he traveled to Paris as ambassador to France.
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in 1854. By then he had fully converted to the liberal party, and as such he was a representative and senator in the
Congress, as well as a candidate to presidential reelection in 1857, which he lost to conservative
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in his jaw. This affected his ability to speak, which was marked by blowing and whistling sounds. As a result, Mosquera was derisively nicknamed "Mascachochas" (Gaga-chew) by some of his contemporary critics.
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he led liberal forces in a civil war against conservative factions. After the liberals won, a new, federalist constitution was implemented, which established a two-year presidency, and the nation renamed the
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In 1866 Mosquera went back to
Colombia, to be elected President for the fourth time, despite the opposition of radical liberals. Nevertheless, tensions with the Catholic Church led to strong intervention by
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with the United States. He also was influential in the suppression of remnant colonial taxes, and reinvigorated the tobacco industry. It was also during his term that the
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Tomás Cipriano Ignacio Maria de Mosquera y Figueroa Arboleda Salazar, Prieto de Tovar, Vergara, Silva, Hurtado de Mendoza, Urrutia y Guzmán
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and declared war to the Granadine Confederation. He soon received support from the states of
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Due to large facial wounds received during a battle in 1824, he required the use of a metal
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Mosquera was a self-taught mathematician, historian, and writer, well-versed in
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Cosmogonía. Estudio sobre los diversos sistemas de la creación del universo
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504:(September 26, 1798 – October 7, 1878) was a Colombian general,
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Memoria sobre geografía física y política de la Nueva Granada
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Fourth Presidential Term (1866–1867), retirement and death
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Bust of Tomas Cipriano de Mosquera, in Medellín, Colombia
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810:He died October 7, 1878, in his farm Coconuco, in
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773:Second and Third Presidential Terms (1861–1864)
749:In 1860 Mosquera declared the secession of the
566:, and his brother Manuel María was a diplomat.
33: and the second or maternal family name is
953:"Mosquera y Arboleda, Tomás Cipriano de"
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1540:People excommunicated by the Catholic Church
807:until 1873. He was a senator again in 1876.
652:in 1840. He was later sent as ambassador to
562:, his brother Manuel José was Archbishop of
1560:People of the Colombian War of Independence
975:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography
933:Powers ceded to the President of Congress,
781:Mosquera's third term included war against
398:María Ignacia Arboleda Arboleda (1872–1878)
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541:Photograph of Mosquera in civilian attire.
65:President of the United States of Colombia
924:, head of the preceding Plural Executive.
900:Learn how and when to remove this message
255:August 15, 1871 – August 1, 1873
155:July 18, 1861 – February 4, 1863
863:This article includes a list of general
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725:, Mosquera was elected president of the
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186:President of the Republic of New Granada
143:President of the Granadine Confederation
1530:People from the Republic of New Granada
1117:Estanislao Vergara y Sanz de Santamaría
296:January 1858 – August 15, 1863
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198:April 1, 1845 – April 1, 1849
16:Colombian general and political figure
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396:Mariana Arboleda y Arroyo (1820–1867)
326:Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera y Arboleda
112:May 14, 1863 – April 8, 1864
1545:Colombian people of Galician descent
1050:Felipe de Vergara Azcarate y Caycedo
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712:, and to defeat the dictatorship of
77:May 22, 1866 – May 12, 1867
1555:Colombian Liberal Party politicians
1550:Presidential Designates of Colombia
969:"Mosquera, Tomás Cipriano de"
830:("Life of Bolívar," New York, 1853)
668:First Presidential Term (1845–1849)
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1022:United Provinces of New Granada
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512:from 1845 to 1849. During the
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1575:19th-century Colombian people
686:International System of Units
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591:Military and political career
223:Pedro Alcántara Herrán Zaldúa
1281:Santiago Pérez de Manosalbas
1155:Francisco de Paula Santander
1132:Francisco de Paula Santander
25:, the first or paternal
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639:Mosquera was a diplomat in
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1339:Manuel Antonio Sanclemente
1256:Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera
1246:Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera
1223:Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera
1170:Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera
1060:Manuel de Bernardo Álvarez
692:to direct the building of
519:United States of Colombia
44:Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera
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1208:Mariano Ospina Rodríguez
1190:Mariano Ospina Rodríguez
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719:Mariano Ospina Rodríguez
682:Mallarino–Bidlack Treaty
490:Ecuadorian-Colombian War
284:Sovereign State of Cauca
276:Julián Trujillo Largacha
243:Sovereign State of Cauca
88:José María Rojas Garrido
1444:Alfonso López Michelsen
1439:Misael Pastrana Borrero
1429:Guillermo León Valencia
1359:Carlos Eugenio Restrepo
1354:Ramón González Valencia
1301:Francisco Javier Zaldúa
1200:Granadine Confederation
1160:José Ignacio de Márquez
1147:Republic of New Granada
1080:Liborio Mejía Gutiérrez
1045:Luis de Ayala y Vergara
935:Francisco Javier Zaldúa
884:more precise citations.
723:Granadine Confederation
721:. With the creation of
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510:Republic of New Granada
451:Granadine Confederation
211:Rufino Cuervo y Barreto
1515:Presidents of Colombia
1474:Andrés Pastrana Arango
1434:Carlos Lleras Restrepo
1424:Alberto Lleras Camargo
1404:Alfonso López Pumarejo
1399:Eduardo Santos Montejo
1394:Alfonso López Pumarejo
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1085:Fernando Serrano Uribe
1014:Presidents of Colombia
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1070:José Fernández Madrid
1055:Camilo Torres Tenorio
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570:Marriage and Children
550:Mosquera was born in
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421:), writer, politician
1409:Mariano Ospina Pérez
1384:Miguel Abadía Méndez
1321:Republic of Colombia
1306:José Eusebio Otalora
710:Artisans' Revolution
265:Andrés Cerón Serrano
1535:People from Popayán
1364:José Vicente Concha
1334:Miguel Antonio Caro
1276:Manuel Murillo Toro
1251:Manuel Murillo Toro
1218:Juan José Nieto Gil
763:Colombian Civil War
733:Civil War 1860–1862
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486:War of the Supremes
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135:Manuel Murillo Toro
1565:Colombian generals
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579:Academic life
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560:Gran Colombia
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533:Personal life
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1479:Álvaro Uribe
1349:Rafael Reyes
1329:Rafael Núñez
1311:Rafael Núñez
1296:Rafael Núñez
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1245:
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626:Buenaventura
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478:Battles/wars
429:Mascachochas
354:(1878-10-07)
307:Eliseo Payán
302:Succeeded by
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271:Succeeded by
250:
230:Succeeded by
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173:Succeeded by
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130:Succeeded by
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107:
95:Succeeded by
72:
34:
30:
23:Spanish name
18:
1525:1878 deaths
1520:1798 births
882:introducing
814:, close to
805:Cauca State
751:Cauca State
727:Cauca State
690:Thomas Reed
373:Nationality
343:New Granada
261:Preceded by
218:Preceded by
161:Preceded by
118:Preceded by
83:Preceded by
1509:Categories
1489:Iván Duque
865:references
596:Beginnings
526:prosthesis
439:Allegiance
414:Occupation
332:1798-09-26
890:July 2013
755:Santander
630:Guayaquil
417:Soldier (
409:(Brother)
403:Relations
393:Spouse(s)
377:Colombian
292:In office
251:In office
194:In office
151:In office
108:In office
73:In office
426:Nickname
184:4th
141:3rd
35:Arboleda
31:Mosquera
21:In this
978:. 1900.
962:. 1920.
878:improve
816:Popayán
783:Ecuador
662:Bolivia
556:Joaquín
552:Popayán
472:General
419:General
387:Liberal
339:Popayán
27:surname
867:, but
812:Puracé
759:Tolima
743:Bogotá
622:Nariño
564:Bogotá
546:Family
448:
359:Puracé
846:Notes
822:Works
658:Chile
634:Cauca
585:Latin
363:Cauca
920:See
801:Lima
757:and
660:and
654:Perú
641:Perú
468:Rank
349:Died
322:Born
29:is
1511::
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37:.
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