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convex from side to side in front, deeply concave behind, and slightly constricted laterally and in front. They present, on either side, two costal demi-facets, one above, near the root of the pedicle, the other below, in front of the inferior vertebral notch; these are covered with cartilage in the fresh state, and, when the vertebrae are articulated with one another, form, with the intervening intervertebral fibrocartilages, oval surfaces for the reception of the heads of the ribs.
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resembles the lumbar vertebrae; and by each transverse process being subdivided into three elevations, the superior, inferior, and lateral tubercles: the superior and inferior correspond to the mammillary and accessory processes of the lumbar vertebrae. Traces of similar elevations are found on the transverse processes of the tenth and eleventh thoracic vertebrae.
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The twelfth thoracic vertebra has the same general characteristics as the eleventh, but may be distinguished from it by its inferior articular surfaces being convex and directed lateralward, like those of the lumbar vertebrae; by the general form of the body, laminae, and spinous process, in which it
279:
arise from the arch behind the superior articular processes and pedicles; they are thick, strong, and of considerable length, directed obliquely backward and lateralward, and each ends in a clubbed extremity, on the front of which is a small, concave surface, for articulation with the tubercle of a
209:
in the middle of the thoracic region are heart-shaped and as broad in the anteroposterior as in the transverse direction. At the ends of the thoracic region they resemble respectively those of the cervical and lumbar vertebrae. They are slightly thicker behind than in front, flat above and below,
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The tenth thoracic vertebra has an entire articular facet (not demi-facet) on either side, which is placed partly on the lateral surface of the pedicle. It doesn't have any kind of facet below, because the following ribs only have one facet on their heads.
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is long, triangular on coronal section, directed obliquely downward, arising from the lamina and ending in a tuberculated extremity. These processes overlap from the fifth to the eighth, but are less oblique in direction above and below.
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and they are intermediate in size between the cervical and lumbar vertebrae; they increase in size going towards the lumbar vertebrae, with the lower ones being much larger than the upper. They are distinguished by the presence of
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The articular facets for the heads of the ribs are of medium size, and placed chiefly on the pedicles, which are thicker and stronger in this and the next vertebra than in any other part of the thoracic region.
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The ninth thoracic vertebra may have no demi-facets below. In some subjects however, it has two demi-facets on either side; when this occurs the tenth doesn't have facets but demi-facets at the upper part.
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are thin plates of bone projecting upward from the junctions of the pedicles and laminae; their articular facets are practically flat, and are directed backward and a little lateralward and upward.
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are broad, thick, and imbricated – that is to say, they overlap those of subjacent vertebrae like tiles on a roof and connect with the pedicles to surround and protect the spinal cord.
202:
These are the general characteristics of the second through eighth thoracic vertebrae. The first and ninth through twelfth vertebrae contain certain peculiarities, and are detailed below.
194:. By convention, the human thoracic vertebrae are numbered T1–T12, with the first one (T1) located closest to the skull and the others going down the spine toward the lumbar region.
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are fused to a considerable extent with the laminae, and project but slightly beyond their lower borders; their facets are directed forward and a little medialward and downward.
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are directed backward and slightly upward, and the inferior vertebral notches are of large size, and deeper than in any other region of the vertebral column.
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is small, and circular, with two at each intervertebral level, one for the right and one for the left exiting nerve roots.
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The eighth thoracic vertebra is, together with the ninth thoracic vertebra, at the same level as the
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at the level of the 5th thoracic vertebra, but may also end higher or lower, depending on breathing.
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are long, and the upper vertebral notches are deeper than those of the other thoracic vertebrae.
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The body is like that of a cervical vertebra, being broad, concave, and lipped on either side.
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Same as the left, but bones around the thoracic vertebrae are shown as semi-transparent.
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In other animals the number of thoracic vertebrae can vary greatly; for example, most
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are very short, tuberculated at their extremities, and do not have articular facets.
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Knowledge articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's
Anatomy (1918)
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The fifth thoracic vertebra, together with the fourth, is at the same level as the
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The fourth thoracic vertebra, together with the fifth, is at the same level as the
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The first and ninth through twelfth thoracic vertebra have some peculiarities
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Section of the costotransverse joints from the third to the ninth inclusive.
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is the large opening posterior to the vertebral body also known as the
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thoracic vertebrae. Right half of the thoracic skeleton is not shown.
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Vertebral arches of three thoracic vertebrae viewed from the front.
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of all, except the eleventh and twelfth, for articulation with the
250:. It contains and protects the spinal cord at the thoracic level.
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approaches in its form and size to that of the lumbar vertebrae.
27:
Vertebrae between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae
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497:(or xiphoid process of the sternum) is at the same level in the
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at The
Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University)
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The first thoracic vertebra has, on either side of the
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887:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp.
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852:The thoracic vertebrae were historically called
606:, and extremes in mammals are marked by certain
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759:A typical thoracic vertebra, viewed from above.
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395:Surface orientation of T3 and T7, at middle of
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540:is short, and nearly horizontal in direction.
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44:Position of the thoracic vertebrae (T1–T12)
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867:refers to the whole back and not just the
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1271:Posterior branches of the lumbar nerves
903:"Physical Characteristics of the Koala"
783:A thoracic vertebra, viewed from below.
771:A thoracic vertebra, viewed from above.
586:have only 11. 12 to 15 is common among
319:is thick, long, and almost horizontal.
169:. In humans, there are twelve thoracic
14:
1963:
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826:This article incorporates text in the
525:In the eleventh thoracic vertebra the
315:are directed upward and backward; the
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1202:Posterior branches of thoracic nerves
1073:Posterior branches of cervical nerves
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1382:Posterior branch of coccygeal nerve
1340:Posterior branches of sacral nerves
24:
937:Interactive tool to identify parts
157:compose the middle segment of the
25:
1992:
1185:Thoraco-abdominal nerves – T7–T11
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953:SpineUniverse anatomical diagram
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570:(T12) passes out underneath it.
554:(T11) passes out underneath it.
521:Eleventh thoracic vertebra (T11)
517:(T10) passes out underneath it.
673:Animation showing the shape of
653:
558:Twelfth thoracic vertebra (T12)
490:(T9) passes out underneath it.
474:(T8) passes out underneath it.
455:(T7) passes out underneath it.
443:(T6) passes out underneath it.
431:(T5) passes out underneath it.
376:(T4) passes out underneath it.
357:(T3) passes out underneath it.
333:(T1) passes out underneath it.
178:on the sides of the bodies for
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884:Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy
874:
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635:thoracic vertebrae. Animation.
447:Seventh thoracic vertebra (T7)
13:
1:
1981:Bones of the vertebral column
905:. Australian Koala Foundation
815:
505:Tenth thoracic vertebra (T10)
459:Eighth thoracic vertebra (T8)
401:inferior angle of the scapula
361:Fourth thoracic vertebra (T4)
337:Second thoracic vertebra (T2)
284:Individual thoracic vertebrae
1629:Uncinate process of vertebra
1530:Uncinate process of vertebra
948:Photos at University of Utah
795:Costovertebral articulations
478:Ninth thoracic vertebra (T9)
435:Sixth thoracic vertebra (T6)
408:Fifth thoracic vertebra (T5)
349:Third thoracic vertebra (T3)
297:First thoracic vertebra (T1)
270:inferior articular processes
263:superior articular processes
7:
834:of the 20th edition of
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313:superior articular surfaces
186:, as well as facets on the
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1909:Superior thoracic aperture
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1711:anterior sacral foramina
568:thoracic spinal nerve 12
552:thoracic spinal nerve 11
515:thoracic spinal nerve 10
133:Anatomical terms of bone
1180:Intercostobrachial – T2
692:Lateral surface of the
488:thoracic spinal nerve 9
472:thoracic spinal nerve 8
453:thoracic spinal nerve 7
441:thoracic spinal nerve 6
429:thoracic spinal nerve 5
374:thoracic spinal nerve 4
355:thoracic spinal nerve 3
343:thoracic spinal nerve 2
331:thoracic spinal nerve 1
198:General characteristics
1485:Intervertebral foramen
1276:Superior cluneal L1–L3
1083:Greater occipital – C2
881:Hyman, Libbie (1922).
420:divides into two main
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387:of a 57-year-old male.
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237:intervertebral foramen
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1345:Medial cluneal nerves
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192:tubercles of the ribs
1740:Lateral sacral crest
1088:Third occipital – C3
545:transverse processes
324:transverse processes
277:transverse processes
188:transverse processes
78:vertebrae thoracicae
1976:Bones of the thorax
1735:Medial sacral crest
1730:Median sacral crest
923:Hyman (1922), p.124
680:thoracic vertebrae.
590:, with 18 to 20 in
1924:Infrasternal angle
1886:Xiphisternal joint
1866:Suprasternal notch
1599:Thoracic vertebrae
1589:Vertebra prominens
1550:Posterior tubercle
1535:Transverse foramen
1522:Cervical vertebrae
805:Cervical vertebrae
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163:cervical vertebrae
155:thoracic vertebrae
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1914:Intercostal space
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1699:sacral tuberosity
1682:sacral promontory
1540:Anterior tubercle
1480:Vertebral foramen
1446:General structure
1392:
1391:
1259:Lumbosacral trunk
1078:Suboccipital – C1
871:part of the back.
723:Vertebral column.
711:Vertebral column.
618:Additional images
383:A thoracic spine
244:vertebral foramen
217:Thoracic vertebra
184:heads of the ribs
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18:Thoracic vertebra
16:(Redirected from
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1639:Lumbar vertebrae
1545:Carotid tubercle
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159:vertebral column
139:edit on Wikidata
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1571:
1568:
1566:
1565:anterior arch
1563:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1420:
1415:
1413:
1408:
1406:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1354:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1328:Sacral plexus
1326:
1325:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1254:Lumbar plexus
1252:
1251:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1002:
1000:
998:
994:
990:
989:Spinal nerves
983:
978:
976:
971:
969:
964:
963:
960:
954:
951:
949:
946:
943:
940:
938:
935:
934:
920:
904:
898:
890:
886:
885:
877:
870:
866:
862:
858:
855:
849:
845:
842:
841:
838:
835:
833:
829:
828:public domain
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
792:
779:
774:
767:
762:
755:
750:
743:
738:
731:
726:
719:
714:
707:
702:
688:
683:
669:
664:
656:
650:
643:
638:
627:
622:
621:
615:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
582:have 13, but
581:
574:Other animals
571:
569:
564:
555:
553:
548:
546:
541:
539:
534:
530:
528:
518:
516:
511:
502:
500:
496:
491:
489:
484:
475:
473:
468:
466:
456:
454:
444:
442:
432:
430:
425:
423:
419:
418:human trachea
415:
414:sternal angle
402:
398:
393:
386:
381:
377:
375:
370:
368:
367:sternal angle
358:
356:
346:
344:
334:
332:
327:
325:
320:
318:
314:
309:
306:
304:
290:
281:
278:
273:
271:
266:
264:
259:
256:
251:
249:
245:
240:
238:
233:
231:
226:
224:
215:
211:
208:
203:
195:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
140:
134:
130:
127:
124:
122:
118:
115:
112:
110:
106:
103:
100:
98:
94:
91:
88:
86:
82:
79:
76:
74:
70:
65:
60:
53:
48:
41:
36:
31:
19:
1820:
1745:Sacral canal
1646:
1598:
1560:lateral mass
1512:Spinal canal
1489:
1376:
1364:
1334:
1322:
1265:
1248:
1196:
1169:
1065:
1046:
919:
907:. Retrieved
897:
883:
876:
853:
848:
839:
825:
819:
631:Position of
610:with 25 and
600:rhinoceroses
577:
565:
561:
549:
544:
542:
537:
535:
531:
526:
524:
512:
508:
495:xiphisternum
492:
485:
481:
469:
465:xiphisternum
462:
450:
438:
426:
411:
371:
364:
352:
340:
328:
323:
321:
316:
312:
310:
307:
302:
300:
274:
267:
260:
252:
248:spinal canal
247:
241:
234:
227:
220:
204:
201:
180:articulation
154:
148:
102:A02.2.03.001
77:
1175:Intercostal
942:thoraxbones
499:axial plane
151:vertebrates
67:Identifiers
1965:Categories
1809:false ribs
1657:mammillary
1622:transverse
1495:transverse
909:1 February
816:References
580:marsupials
1871:Manubrium
1804:true ribs
1652:accessory
1647:Processes
1500:articular
1490:Processes
1438:Vertebrae
1377:posterior
1357:Coccygeal
1335:posterior
1266:posterior
1197:posterior
1067:posterior
612:cetaceans
604:elephants
182:with the
171:vertebrae
1831:tubercle
1791:Rib cage
1617:inferior
1612:superior
1365:anterior
1323:anterior
1249:anterior
1170:anterior
1100:Thoracic
1048:anterior
997:Cervical
869:thoracic
832:page 102
789:See also
661:3D image
614:with 9.
223:pedicles
165:and the
33:Thoracic
1955:Anatomy
1858:Sternum
1505:spinous
1463:pedicle
1428:of the
588:mammals
422:bronchi
399:and at
230:laminae
90:D013904
62:Details
1941:Portal
1782:Thorax
1762:Coccyx
1669:Sacrum
1468:lamina
1288:Sacral
1214:Lumbar
865:dorsum
856:; cf.
840:(1918)
697:
694:
678:
675:
633:
608:sloths
602:, and
596:tapirs
592:horses
584:koalas
416:. The
207:bodies
176:facets
1826:angle
1821:Parts
1555:Atlas
1473:notch
1430:torso
1426:Bones
830:from
385:X-ray
280:rib.
137:[
73:Latin
1846:head
1841:neck
1799:Ribs
1769:none
1677:Base
1582:dens
1577:Axis
1458:Arch
1453:Body
911:2012
566:The
550:The
543:The
536:The
527:body
513:The
493:The
486:The
470:The
451:The
439:The
427:The
372:The
353:The
341:The
329:The
322:The
311:The
303:body
275:The
268:The
261:The
253:The
242:The
235:The
228:The
221:The
205:The
126:9139
114:1059
97:TA98
85:MeSH
1163:T12
1158:T11
1153:T10
889:123
149:In
121:FMA
109:TA2
1967::
1316:S5
1311:S4
1306:S3
1301:S2
1296:S1
1242:L5
1237:L4
1232:L3
1227:L2
1222:L1
1148:T9
1143:T8
1138:T7
1133:T6
1128:T5
1123:T4
1118:T3
1113:T2
1108:T1
1040:C8
1035:C7
1030:C6
1025:C5
1020:C4
1015:C3
1010:C2
1005:C1
598:,
594:,
501:.
467:.
369:.
153:,
1943::
1418:e
1411:t
1404:v
981:e
974:t
967:v
913:.
891:.
141:]
20:)
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