1562:
been opened in 1828. The difficulty can only be resolved according to one's definition of what a university is. Those who define a university as an institution which teaches advanced courses favor London over Durham. Those who emphasize the power to award degrees do the same, since the
University of London, which absorbed the College in 1836, was granted that power the same year, while Durham received its a year later. But those who prefer the British legal definition give Durham priority, since it received a royal charter four years before London did and, in any event, a college is not the same as a university." Yet the essay on London in the same volume, by the same author, states unequivocally: "Thus the federal university was created as the fourth university in England, just four years after the University of Durham had been founded as the third." Some historians acknowledge that UCL was founded to be a university before becoming a college of the University of London. Some historians also disagree with the assertion that London gained its degree awarding powers before Durham, and others have noted that there was uncertainty at the time as to whether or not Durham had degree awarding powers stemming from its founding Act of Parliament, which was cleared up by it obtaining a royal charter.
562:, noting that degree awarding powers might be "inherent in a University instituted by the highest authority of the nation", but that it would be desirable to have either a charter or a legal declaration that one was unnecessary (no response is recorded). The university again sought Wetherell's counsel on the matter of the charter in March, and were advised to avoid mention of degree awarding powers but solely to seek incorporation as a university; stating that both his personal opinion and the orthodox opinion were that "the word university carries degrees". The petition submitted followed this advice, omitting mention of degrees and seeking only incorporation and the power to hold property. The opinion of the Chapter of Durham Cathedral (the governors of the university) in 1837 remained that the university had the power to award degrees under the 1832 Act of Parliament and that, although a royal charter would enhance the perception of those degrees, the university would proceed to award degrees that year whether or not a charter was issued. However, this was not put to the test as the charter was granted.
551:, had said during the passage of the act in 1832 that "or ought the privilege of conferring degrees, if hereafter committed to the University by charter, to be thrown open indiscriminately to non-conformists of every description, in common with members of the Established Church." In a similar vein, William Clayton Walters, a Newcastle barrister who the university consulted with, said in 1832 that there was nothing the university wanted from a royal charter at that time "except the power to grant degrees". However, by 1833 Thorp wrote to Van Mildert that "the Dean and Chapter are anxious to ascertain the place and value of the Degrees in due time to be conferred by virtue of the Act of Parliament which constitutes Durham a University". Subsequently, the university announced in 1835 that it would confer degrees, after taking further legal advice from Walters as to whether it had the authority to do so under the Act of Parliament, and just over a month later passed a "fundamental statute" that included provision for the awarding of degrees.
395:
the "college" was being advertised as a "university", with the prospectus appearing in London newspapers. On 4 July 1832, Parliament passed "An Act to enable the Dean and
Chapter of Durham to appropriate Part of the Property of their Church to the Establishment of a University in connexion therewith for the Advancement of Learning". Students were admitted to degree programmes from 28 October 1833, with the first calendar (autumn 1833) advertising the institution as "University of Durham founded by Act of Chapter with the Consent of the Bishop of Durham 28 September 1831. Constituted a University by Act of Parliament 2nd and 3rd William IV., Sess. 1831–2." However, the act did not directly found the university, rather it authorised the cathedral chapter to establish the university. This it did formally with an Act of Chapter on 4 April 1834, which resolved "that the Academical Institution or College or University established by Act of Chapter, 21st September 1831, be constituted a University".
276:
founded in this manner was hotly debated, with the institution being widely considered illegitimate, and it was denied official recognition. King's
College was founded as a counter to UCL and was granted a charter in 1829, helped by not claiming to be a university or intending to award degrees. Durham was designed from its conception in 1831 to be a full university with degree-awarding powers but did not initially seek a royal charter. The university was instead founded under the authority of an Act of Parliament passed in 1832 and opened in 1833. In 1836 the University of London was established to solve the problem of having two competing colleges in London and to clarify their status, with UCL taking the name "University College, London". For the first time, England had higher education institutions besides Oxford and Cambridge that would maintain a sustained existence.
317:, who had led the parliamentary campaign for UCL's recognition as a university, and John Robson, Secretary of UCL in the 1870s, told the Royal Commission on Scientific Instruction and the Advancement of Science in 1872 that "in March 1835, the House of Commons, by a large majority—246 to 136—adopted an address to the King, praying him to grant a charter of incorporation to 'the University of London,' which would have enabled it to grant degrees; and, consequently, that what the institution was asked to surrender in favour of the University founded in 1837 , was not merely its designation, but the position which it had acquired through that vote of the House of Commons, and the importance of which had been distinctly recognized by successive Governments." An official history issued by the
350:
outlook on religion being an essential part of education – both in sharp contrast to its rival. The existence of King's also gave the establishment another excuse to deny UCL university status: it would mean doing the same for King's, creating two universities for one city. This eventually led to the compromise of forming the
University of London to examine students from both colleges. It was chartered as a college, not a university; the term "university" does not appear in the charter. The 150th anniversary history of the college states that: "No attempt was to be made to form a University which had the power of conferring its own degrees: the task of King’s College was to prepare men for a commercial career, or for other universities if they sought after a degree or ordination."
501:, who led the parliamentary campaign for the recognition of UCL as the University of London, told the House of Commons in 1833 that: "It is not generally known, that no university whatever is entitled to confer degrees, by grant of any Charter whatever, the claim so to do being considered as incident to the name and title of University". Similarly, Sir Charles Wetherell, arguing against the grant of a university charter to UCL before the Privy Council in 1834 said that: "It will be necessary to examine this subject a little more minutely, and particularly with reference to the power of conferring degrees, and the nature of a university. The only place where I can find any legal discussion on matters so little brought under consideration as these, is the argument of
429:, and the Established Church Act 1836. Durham was incorporated by a royal charter granted on 1 June 1837, which explicitly referred to the university already having "established under our Royal sanction, and the authority of our Parliament", and the first degrees were conferred on 8 June 1837. This charter did not establish the university but rather confirmed the university status of the existing body. The explanatory memorandum to the 1907 University of Durham Act states that "The University was established in 1834 by a Statue of the dean and chapter of the cathedral church of Durham, made in pursuance of an Act of Parliament of 1832, and was incorporated by Royal Charter in 1837 under the name of the 'Warden, Masters, and Scholars of the University of Durham.
529:, through implication, but by express concession. And this in two ways: – For a University was empowered, either by an explicit grant of certain enumerated rights, or by bestowing on it implicitly the known privileges enjoyed by certain other pattern Universities. These modes were frequently conjoined, but we make bold to say, that there is not to be found, throughout Europe, one example of a University erected without the grant of determinate privileges, – far less of a University, thus erected, enjoying, through this omission, privileges of any, far less of every other. – In particular, the right of granting degrees, and that in how many faculties, must (in either way) be expressly conferred." However, historians have not agreed with this conclusion.
210:
confirmed by our ancestors kings of
England, and is commonly commended for its advantage to students, would suffer no little damage from such University, if it remained there, which we by no means wish, and especially as it appears to all the bishops of our realm, as we learn from their letters patent, that it would be for the honour of God, and the benefit of the Church of England, and the advancement of students that the University should be removed from the town aforesaid; we by the advice of our great men, firmly order that there shall henceforth be no University in our said town, and that you shall not allow any students to remain there otherwise than was customary before the creation of the said University.
38:
474:, a professor at UCL, said that "o term the body which examines at Burlington House a University is a perversion of language, to which no charter or Act of Parliament can give a real sanction". Some modern historians have taken a similar line, describing the University of London of that era as "a Government department, in the form of a board of examiners with power to matriculate students and award degrees … it had the trappings of a university, but not its most obvious function—it did not teach", and as "what would today be called a quango". The problems thrown up by the lack of teaching in the university led eventually to its reconstitution as a federal teaching and research institution in 1900.
522:
the
English Universities … that the simple fact of the crown incorporating an academy under the name of university, necessarily, and in spite of reservations, concedes to that academy the right of granting all possibly degrees; nay when (as we are informed) the case itself has actually occurred, – the "Durham University", inadvertently, it seems, incorporated under that title, being in the course of claiming the exercise of this very privilege as a right, necessarily involved in the public recognition of the name – in these circumstances we shall be pardoned a short excursus, in order to expose the futility of the basis on which this mighty edifice is erected."
1509:, through implication, but by express concession." The two ways in which this could be done were "either by an explicit grant of certain enumerated rights, or by bestowing on it implicitly the known privileges enjoyed by certain other pattern Universities", concluding that "we make bold to say, that there is not to be found, throughout Europe, one example of a University erected without the grant of determinate privileges,—far less of a University, thus erected, enjoying, through this omission, privileges of any, far less of every other.—In particular, the right of granting degrees, and that I'm how many faculties, must (in either way) be expressly conferred."
437:
of the 1837 charter was to incorporate the pre-existing university, in contrast to London which was established by royal charter. The act states "And whereas … a Body
Politic and Corporate by the Name of the University of London has been constituted by the Royal Charter of His late Majesty King William the Fourth, and an University having been founded and established in connexion with the Cathedral Church at Durham under the Authority of an Act passed in the Second and Third years of the Reign of His said late Majesty … And whereas since the passing of the said last-mentioned Act a Royal Charter of Incorporation had been granted to the University of Durham".
82:
68:
307:
royal signature, is to be granted to the
University of London", but following opposition from Oxford and Cambridge the application for the charter stalled. The application was renewed in 1833, but again stalled with Oxford and Cambridge's opposition being joined by the London medical schools. In 1835 the House of Commons voted in favour of a petition to the king to grant a charter along the lines of that approved in 1831. However, the government chose instead to grant UCL a charter as a college, rather than as a university, and to found the University of London as a separate body.
8981:
52:
1053:
9631:
1328:
also held to imply that all branches of study were taught in a university: in the modern sense of the term, a university is an establishment for the purposes of instruction in all, or some of the most important divisions of science and literature, and having the power of conferring certain honorary dignities, called degrees; in some old authors, university means the world." While this mentions
Johnson's definition it sets it apart from the "modern sense", which is a more general
1194:, which lists Durham as the third oldest university in England (from 1832) with London as the fourth oldest (from 1836) and UCL and King's only as colleges of London. The full definition used is "institutions of higher education founded or recognized as universities by the public authorities of their territory and authorized to confer academic degrees in more than one discipline", thus excluding single-faculty universities (which is unimportant for this debate).
10150:
9487:
8838:
7907:
1520:, but it is generally considered that the right is implied in the terms of John XXII's letter of 1318 concerning Cambridge's status as a studium generale." Furthermore Edinburgh (Hamilton's own university) was granted the rights of the other Scottish universities by Act of Parliament in 1621, but conferred its first degrees in 1587 without any explicit grant of privileges. This would appear to support the contention of the 18th century Attorney General
9511:
7917:
459:(20 June 1837), and others that it may never have been valid but if it were it would have expired 6 months after the king's death (i.e. 20 December 1837). The university was re-incorporated by a second Royal Charter on 5 December 1837. This date is sometimes given in Victorian sources as the founding of the University, and is the date used as the date of creation in the supplemental charter of 1850 and the charters of 1858 and 1863.
1410:
write in 1862 that "the distinctive character of the
Universities of Oxford and Cambridge is, that they are corporations of Teachers in Arts, having the power to grant Degrees. This is Huber's idea; and it would appear to be his opinion that this is the essential character of a University : but we shall learn in the sequel that of the three elements here commingled, only two are common to all Universities of modern date".
9523:
1214:, the oldest two universities in England (founded pre-1116 and in 1209 respectively) were founded by Act of Parliament or royal charter (charters were bestowed on Oxford and Cambridge in 1248 and 1231 respectively, although neither is still in force), and both owe their incorporation to an act of parliament in 1571. No university in Britain was founded by grant of a royal charter to the institution prior to London in 1836.
483:
to the granting of a charter to UCL, all of the opposing parties agreed that a grant of university title would confer the right to award degrees as incident upon that title. Without an official grant of university title, UCL did not grant degrees, and a proposal in 1830 to introduce a degree of "M. Med. et Chir. U. L." was not carried out, although legal controls on unrecognised degrees were not introduced until the
313:, the chair of UCL's council, told a meeting of the proprietors that accepting this charter meant surrendering their claim to be a university, saying "it went a little to his heart … to sink into a college when they had originally started as an university" but that "for his own part he would rather accept it", which the proprietors voted unanimously to do. It was described as "a barren collegiate Charter" by
10164:
9499:
8852:
537:… was usually, but not quite invariably, conferred in express terms by the original foundation-bulls; and was apparently understood to be involved in the mere act of erection even in the rare cases where it is not expressly conceded". Patrick Zutshi, Keeper of Manuscripts and University Archives in Cambridge University Library, writes that "Cambridge never received from the papacy an explicit grant of the
124:(which officially claims to be the fourth-oldest university in England but is claimed by some students to be the third-oldest as the third university institution to receive a royal charter, in 1829). Most historians identify Durham as the third-oldest, following standard practice in how a university is defined and how this is applied historically, although the popular press is more divided.
189:(its location is unknown). A large Jewish learning community was also based in the town. Northampton's curriculum included law – as at Oxford and Cambridge – as well as other subjects such as the arts and humanities. It was this scholastic diversity that might have made Oxford feel threatened. However, within three years of its foundation, faculty members sided with supporters of
1587:—incorporates St. Bartholomew's Hospital, which began unofficial medical teaching in 1123, the earliest date of known organised medical teaching in the United Kingdom. The school also comprises one of the first official medical schools in England (the London Hospital Medical College, founded 1785); however, that school was not a university in its own right, having only
1300:
latest by Durham (depending on the date taken for its degree awarding powers) but while London had the degree awarding powers it was an examining body rather than an educational institution until its reform in 1900, and UCL and King's were both educational institutions but without degree awarding powers of their own until the 21st century.
1173:. This was at least in part due to the decrease of the power of the central University of London and the concomitant rise in status of the colleges, which had gained the right to confer London degrees themselves and direct access to government funding in the early 1990s. In its modern usage "university" thus often takes on the meaning of
1516:… was usually, but not quite invariably, conferred in express terms by the original foundation-bulls; and was apparently understood to be involved in the mere act of erection even in the rare cases where it is not expressly conceded". Cambridge is an example of this: "Cambridge never received from the papacy an explicit grant of the
452:
its first degrees in May 1839 (again to students from UCL and King's College London). In 1900 it was reconstituted as a federal university by statutes drawn up under the University of London Act 1898, including as schools of the university both UCL and King's College London, along with a number of other colleges in London.
1218:
danger of dating by earliest royal charter is demonstrated by listing the ancient universities by accepted date of establishment, date of royal charter, and date of incorporation; it can be seen that dating by royal charter or incorporation gives a significantly different ordering from the historically-accepted dates.
1109:'s university guides have hedged their bets, giving the title to both UCL and Durham, while referring to King's College London as "the fourth oldest university institution". King's students, however, have pushed their claim to be the third oldest university. The debate also spilled over into Scotland in 2007, when
1487:
Wetherell amongst others). The other, alternatively, believed that degree awarding powers were separate from, and hence not essential to, university title, and had to be explicitly granted (e.g. by royal charter), as held by Hamilton (and, to judge from his statement in the House of Lords, by Van Mildert).
1033:(who had been the first chancellor of the University of London, was chancellor of Cambridge University, and was being installed as the first chancellor of the Victoria University) was reported in Manchester and Leeds as saying in his speech that Durham predated London, but in Dundee as saying the opposite.
326:
1888, Edith Wilson stated: "There are five, and only five, universities in England. (I begin by starting this explicitly because the name University College so often misleads even those familiar with the language of the educational world.) These five are Oxford, Cambridge, Durham, London, and Victoria."
1097:, who had earlier given precedence to London, revised their listing in the 1960s in favour of Durham; and social anthropologist Joan Abbott recorded in 1971 that "The fact that Durham is the third oldest university in England was the first thing the author was told again and again soon after arrival".
5234:
Over the past 10 years the university has become an increasingly loose federation of independent institutions that are universities in their own right and receive their grants directly from the Higher Education Funding Council for England, although they still hand out degrees on behalf of the central
4066:
The London University is not covered with the reverent dust of antiquity, and new institutions are more susceptible than ancient ones. Yet the London University would, I think, have shown more generosity if it had welcomed its younger brother. Then it is another instance of the hatred of the younger
1570:
Many present-day institutions incorporate earlier foundations, such as theological colleges or medical schools, or are able to trace their origins to earlier teaching operations, and thus may be considered to have a longer heritage than those listed above. None of these make an explicit claim to have
1447:
It could be similarly argued that it did not apply in the early 19th century, when the University of Edinburgh (which was indisputably recognised as a university) was a trust under the town corporation. This is important for the debate as neither UCL nor Durham were founded as corporations. If trusts
1413:
Besides the question of defining a university, there is the question of what is meant by "third oldest university". The above listing assumes that it means the third institution to achieve university status, but if "third oldest university" means the third oldest institute to have eventually achieved
1323:
This concept is also seen in the definition (from 1848): "A college, incorporated for the education of youth, in all the liberal arts, sciences, &c., and empowered to confer degrees. A university generally comprehends many colleges, as is exemplified in those of Oxford and Cambridge, in England."
521:
arguing that historically the power to award specific degrees was explicitly granted, and thus the recognition of an institution as a university did not, in itself, grant any power to award degrees: "But when it has been seriously argued before the Privy Council by Sir Charles Wetherell, on behalf of
451:
The University of London was established and chartered in 1836 as a degree awarding body. It received a second charter in 1837, a third in 1858 and a fourth in 1863, under which it is now incorporated. It matriculated is first students in November 1838 (from UCL and King's College London) and awarded
436:
The Attorneys and Solicitors Act 1837, which extended various privileges related to admission to the legal profession of Oxford, Cambridge and Dublin graduates to Durham and London, similarly confirmed that Durham was established as a university under the authority of the 1832 act and that the effect
246:
was established in London in 1596 to make university learning available there, but was academically dependent on Oxford and Cambridge and did not develop. Further proposals for a northern university included Ripon (in 1590, 1596 and 1604), York and Manchester in 1641, and Durham in 1651, as well as a
1553:
also named Durham as the third university, saying "A third University had been established at Durham in 1832, and four years later London University came into being, but only as an examining body, until in 1900 it was endowed with the full status of a teaching University with a number of constituent
1075:
named London as the elder in a speech at the University of Liverpool in 1914. Through most of the 20th century, Durham's claim appears to have gone unchallenged. It was named as the "third oldest university in England" in the Proceedings of the International Assembly of the Inter-state Post-Graduate
482:
Related to the question of university status was the question of degree awarding powers. At this period, "the absence of a Royal Charter was generally held to deny degree-giving powers to a body with no outside authority for calling itself a university". Thus, although various objections were raised
394:
on 21 September 1831 that established an "Academical Institution or College or University", followed by a second act of Chapter on 28 September which resolved to accept "A plan of an academic institution, to be called Durham College, in connexion with the Dean and Chapter". By December of that year,
325:
UCL was not granted university status and the attendant right of awarding degrees during the 19th century, and it does not feature on 19th-century lists of universities in England. However the use of "university" in its name was known to cause confusion: in an article for the Journal of Education in
266:
It was not until the early 19th century that a third university-level institution was successfully established, when University College London, King's College London, Durham University, and the University of London were all set up. There were unsuccessful proposals around the same time, including at
1156:
and the Established Church Act 1836, prior to the University of London, receiving the title in its risk charter in 1836. The government assiduously avoided using the names "London University" or "University of London" to refer to UCL during the period when it used those names, including in the 1836
1100:
In 1986, however, London's claim was reasserted by Negley Harte in his 150th anniversary history. Durham's claim was also directly disputed by UCL in 1998. All three of the claimants have often since asserted that they are the third oldest, and thus all have featured in the press identified as such
4799:
Nestled in a tree-lined gorge on the main railway line between London and Scotland, Durham University is the unlikely seat of Islamic finance teaching in the United Kingdom. Here, in the third-oldest university in England, a world heritage site, students have been coming to learn the principles of
1486:
The sixth criterion, degree awarding powers, was the subject of debate at the time, as discussed below under Durham. One side held that degree awarding powers were essential to a university, and thus a grant of university title automatically implied degree awarding powers (as proposed by Tooke and
1409:
Both Durham (1832) and London (1836) could be considered as having been expressly made universities by the sovereign power (royal assent to an Act of Parliament in Durham's case, royal charter in London's), making them universities whether they fulfilled all the criteria or not. Thus Masters could
1327:
Some 19th-century dictionaries go a different route. One (from 1849) defines 'university' with: "Originally, any community or corporation; the whole body of students, or of teachers and students assembled, in a place of education, with corporate rights, and under bye-laws of their own—the name was
1319:
Other 19th-century dictionaries build on this. One (from 1824) has "a collection of colleges, where all the liberal arts are taught". This adds to Johnson's definition the idea that a university must consist of colleges. Again, this was used to attack UCL, but was shown to be false by reference to
1307:
has "a school where all the arts and faculties are taught and studied" (or, in the 'miniature' edition, "a general school of liberal arts"). Other dictionaries followed Johnson in using this definition, and it was used to claim that UCL could not be a university as it did not teach all the liberal
349:
King's College London was established by Royal Charter on 14 August 1829 as "King's College, London", a reaction to UCL with the aim of providing an Anglican education. KCL was able to receive its charter quickly in part because it was not seeking to become a university, and in part because of its
1722:
a society established 1814 "for promoting the increase and diffusion of Literature, Science and the Arts" and held lectures on these subjects (royal charter 1821, dissolved 1948), the archives of which were transferred to University College, Liverpool. A number of 'modern' universities also claim
1561:
acknowledges the existence of the debate in its essay on Durham, stating that: "Durham is often referred to as England's third university, after Oxford and Cambridge. Yet it is also often referred to as England's fourth, on the assumption that London preceded it, for University College London had
1473:
The fifth criterion, residents, would appear to imply that universities must be residential. This was certainly not the case in the early 19th century as the Scottish universities were non-residential. The London colleges followed this pattern (as did the redbrick university colleges later on the
1287:
Both of these have three components: education, degrees and research, but the balance between them is different. Collins makes research usual, rather than necessary, while the OED only requires students to study for degrees, but does not require that the institution has the power to award degrees
368:
King's surrendered its autonomy to be merged into the University of London from 1910 to 1980, and was funded as an independent institution rather than through the University of London after 1993. King's gained degree awarding powers in July 2006, awarding its first degrees in summer 2008. In 2019
334:
as an independent institution rather than getting an allocation from the University of London's grant. UCL received degree awarding powers on 27 September 2005, and the first UCL degrees were awarded in summer 2008. In 2019 UCL, along with King's and 10 other colleges of the University of London,
275:
The five year period from 1828 to 1833 saw an unprecedented expansion of higher education in England, with three university-level institutions opening. The first was UCL, founded as a joint stock company under the name London University in 1826, which opened in 1828. Whether a university could be
230:
ordered the rebels to return to Oxford after lobbying from both Oxford and Cambridge. After the suppression of the university at Stamford, graduates from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge were required to swear oaths not to lecture outside those two universities, and concerted efforts were
4391:
The demand for wider facilities for higher education than could be provided by the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge ... resulted in the establishment of the other Universities of England and Wales. These are in order of foundation: Durham (Durham and Newcastle divisions), London, Manchester,
1439:
The first criterion, incorporation, does not apply to all modern universities, some of which are unincorporated trusts under Church of England dioceses, and others are parts of larger, for-profit, corporations. "Sovereign power" might also be seen to exclude any modern university that gained its
1299:
at Durham). With reference to the OED definition, students at Durham studied for degrees from 1833, while at UCL and King's the first students matriculated in the University of London in 1838. The Collins definition requiring both education and degree awarding powers, would be met by 1837 at the
329:
After the University of London was reconstituted as a federal body in 1900, UCL surrendered its property and independence and was merged into the University of London under the 1905 University College London (Transfer) Act, which went into effect in 1907. It was not until 1977 that UCL once more
306:
UCL applied for a charter in late 1830 or early 1831 that would grant it "Incorporation as an University, with all the privileges incident to that title", but without an explicit mention of degree-awarding power. In February of that year it was reported that "a charter, which now only awaits the
6203:
It was not until 1828 that a non-conformist university was created in Gower Street to challenge the power of the established universities. University College London was quickly followed by King's College (1829) – the two becoming the first constituent colleges of London University in 1836 – and
1217:
From 1836 to 1992, in contrast, only one university (Newcastle, established by Act of Parliament) was not founded by royal charter. These charters were often accompanied by acts of parliament to transfer the property and obligations of predecessor institutes to the newly founded university. The
509:
case, which is reported in 2nd Lord Raymond, 1345 ... In this proposition of Mr. Yorke two principles are laid down. The first is that 'granting degrees flows from the Crown'; and the second is, that if 'a University be erected, the power of granting degrees is incidental to the grant'. ... The
4776:
It wasn't until 1826 that England got a third university (Scotland had four, founded between 1413 and 1592), when 'London University' – later to be renamed University College, London – was founded. (There is some debate, however, over whether the UCL actually was a university. It was a private
321:
in 1912 as a supplement to the calendar stated that "The friends and supporters of University College cordially welcomed the Government plan, although it gave them far less than they had at first demanded, and although acceptance of it implied the renunciation of all claim to exercise the full
209:
We, believing at the time that town would be benefited by this, and that no small benefit would accrue to us therefrom, assented at their request . But now as we are truly informed by the statements of many trustworthy persons that our borough of Oxford, which is of ancient foundation, and was
364:
Following the establishment of the University of London in 1836, King's became an associated college of that university, allowing its students to sit examinations for London degrees. However, students were still encouraged to take the AKC rather than the London degree – which was also open to
1543:
historian William Whyte similarly states: "Thus it was that the first new university for almost 250 years was founded—and funded—by the amply endowed Bishop of Durham. Durham University was established by Act of Parliament in 1832 and granted a Royal Charter five years later in 1837." The
5731:
e.g. Malden, a professor at UCL, who wrote "In later times the name university came to have a technical meaning when applied to places of education. It was given to those bodies only which had the power of conferring degrees. This power was held to be an essential element of a
1502:; and not an institution privileged to teach a determinate circle of sciences, and to grant certificates of proficiency (degrees) in any fixed and certain department of that circle (faculties)" (emphasis in original), by which definition UCL would clearly be the third oldest.
5856:
UCL is the third oldest university in England after Oxford and Cambridge. As such the collections of rare books, manuscripts and archives which UCL holds have a lot to tell us about the way modern universities and their syllabi developed from the beginning of the nineteenth
1202:
By date of earliest royal charter, King's College London is the oldest of the four institutions, chartered in 1829. However, its charter was as a college rather than as a university; the first institute to be chartered as a university was the University of London in 1836.
369:
King's, along with UCL and 10 other colleges of the University of London, applied for university status following the passing of the University of London Act 2019. This was approved in 2022 and a supplemental charter granting university status was sealed 18 May 2023.
1008:
The debate over which is the oldest of the universities founded in the early 19th century has been going on (originally between London and Durham) since at least the mid 19th century. Durham was referred to as England's third university in 1841. In 1853, however,
1267:
Durham University's 1837 charter is now the oldest current royal charter of any university in England. Having been rechartered on three occasions, London's current charter (its fourth) is from 1863, while UCL's is from 1977 and King's College London's from 2009.
322:
functions of a University, and placed them on a footing of equality with some younger and less important institutions." In November 1838, the first UCL students matriculated in the new University of London and the first London degrees were awarded in May 1839.
1157:
royal charter, the reason being demonstrated on the one occasion (in 1835) when they slipped by William Tooke asking "whether, His Majesty having in his most gracious answer to the Address of the House of Commons recognised by name, and in explicit terms, the
1168:
counts only those formally granted the status, referring to the University of London as a "congeries (collection) of university institutions"), by the 1990s the usage of "university" had extended to take in colleges of London (and Wales) in the
1448:
under corporations fall within the definition, then Durham (as a trust under Durham Cathedral established by Act of Parliament) qualifies from 1832, otherwise only from 1837. UCL was not founded by "sovereign power", but as an unincorporated
1071:, principal of the University of London, named Durham as the third University to be successfully established in England in a speech to a delegation from Paris and other French universities who were visiting the University of London, although
1664:, the specialist philosophy and theology constituent college of the University of London, was founded in 1614 in Belgium but did not move to London (after several other locations) until 1970 and became part of the university in 1971.
510:
subject matter granted, is the power of covering degrees; an emanation, as Mr. Yorke expresses it, from the Crown. It is the concession of this power that constitutes the direct purpose and the essential character of a University."
4240:
In the year 1832 Oxford and Cambridge were the only universities south of the Tweed ... The University of Durham was established in 1833. In 1836 the University of London, as an examining and degree-giving body, received its first
4833:
Durham in 1998, Durham in 2001, London in 2005, Durham, with acknowledgement of debate in 2007, London in 2007, Durham in 2009, Durham in 2010, Durham in 2015, UCL with acknowledgement of debate in 2015, Durham in 2015, London in
1324:
Here it is only general, rather than a rule, and confined to England, but Johnson's concept of teaching all the liberal arts is still present, and the idea that degree awarding powers form part of the definition is now present.
2508:"Of course, the original title of University was unauthorised; it was a title which the founders of the institution had assumed, and did not confer the privileges of a University, that is to say, the power of granting degrees"
1092:
in 1937 gave (for the non-ancient universities) the order Durham, London, Manchester, etc.; the press repeatedly named it as third oldest; it was named as "the third oldest University in the country" in Parliament in 1962;
5817:
An ancient city, steeped in history, Durham's links with education stretch back almost a thousand years. Durham University has not been around quite so long, although its foundation in 1832 makes it England's third oldest
4260:
It was not till the first quarter of the 19th century had ended that an attempt to establish a third University in England meet with success. The University of Durham was founded in 1832 in direct imitation of Oxford and
1897:
The two differed on whether it was possible for the degree awarding powers of a university to be limited – UCL were requesting a charter with a restriction on granting degrees in theology, which Wetherell claimed was not
888:: The government announced their intention to establish "a Metropolitan University" in response to the House of Commons' prayer that UCL be granted a charter as a university, with UCL to be granted a charter as a college
294:
in 1825 to establish the institution via a royal charter, which the government refused, or by an act of parliament, which was blocked by the influence of Oxford and Cambridge, UCL was established on 11 February 1826 as a
1532:
It is unsurprising that history books about institutions and aimed at the general public should support the claim of the institution backing them, but other studies have also touched upon the question. As noted above,
1554:
colleges." Other historians generally concur, with some stating that "using the date of the incorporating Act of Parliament or Royal Charter as the founding date" is "accepted practice" in naming Durham as third.
1161:, it is not by this royal and official sanction of its style as a University, entitled, without further pageantry or form, to confer all manner of degrees except in Theology and Medicine" (emphasis in original).
1804:
The Third Universitie of England: Or a Treatise of the Foundations of all the Colledges, Auncient Schooles of Priviledge, and of Houses of Learning, and Liberall Arts, within and about the Most Famous Cittie of
1151:
Formally, a university is an institution that has been granted the right by the government to use the title of university. Durham was named as a university in the Durham University Act 1832 as well as in the
1470:. UCL, King's and Durham meet these from early on, Durham specialising in theology and the London colleges in medicine, but London did not have a teaching rule until it became a federal university in 1900.
5210:
Today there are 176 higher education institutions in the UK of which 115 are titled universities (which include the various constituent parts of both the University of London and the University of Wales).
1907:
This is the method of gaining University title used by non-chartered, non-publicly funded institutions, whereby Companies House gives permission to use the protected term "University" in a company's name.
1548:
follows the legal definition of a university, saying "In the 1830s the creation of the Universities of Durham (1832) and London (1836) finally ended the Oxbridge monopoly". The historian and politician
1316:, where he defined a university as "a place of teaching universal knowledge". This would appear to favour King's College (where theology was taught), but has been shown to be due to a false etymology.
9054:
1571:
been a university at the time of the earlier teaching, or is publicly claimed to be the third oldest university in England, which is why these are listed separately from the four institutions above.
8935:
455:
London was incorporated under its 1836 charter "during Our Royal Will and Pleasure". Sources give differing interpretations on what this meant, with some saying the charter expired on the death of
335:
applied for university status following the passing of the University of London Act 2018. This was approved in 2022 and a supplemental charter granting university status was sealed 17 April 2023.
10054:
2610:
525:
Hamilton went on to conclude: "In like manner, in all the Universities throughout Europe, which were not merely privileged, but created by bull and charter, every liberty was conferred not as an
1961:
6042:
Durham is a small but venerable seat of learning, and its University, which was founded in 1832 and obtained the right to grant degrees before that of London, is the third oldest in England.
4854:
462:
As founded, the University of London was "an examining board appointed by the government", and the lack of teaching in the university led to criticism that it was not a true university.
365:"godless" UCL students. It also made agreements with Durham and Edinburgh to allow King's College London students to take degrees at those universities with only one year of residence.
9019:
1392:
From the Vaisey principles, assuming them all to be applicable, the ordering of when the "prime contenders" below (see discussion there for references) achieved university status is:
8525:
1037:
stated that precedence should be given to London, giving the dates of foundation as those of the royal charters. Durham, however, was given precedence at the quatercentenary of the
7652:
470:
said in 1888 that he "had two … objections to the title of the University of London: one, that it is not a University, and the other that it is not of London". In a similar vein,
4986:
1389:
St David's College possessed most of these, but it did not qualify because of "limited powers...and the absence of an express intention it a university by the sovereign power".
201:
in April 1264. Less than a year later, Henry III abolished Northampton's charter on 1 February 1265 citing significant opposition from Oxford as the cause. His letter to the town
8130:
5064:
Several Scottish readers and others took us to task for stating, wrongly, that Durham University is the third oldest in the UK. That title belongs to St Andrews, founded in 1413
4881:
8619:
4942:
In the middle of the top 10 league table is University College London. Based in the capital, the university itself is the third oldest university in England, founded in 1826.
8258:
6827:
6745:
7710:
1794:, formed a recognised centre of legal and intellectual education, and – although never a university in any technical sense – were sometimes collectively described in the
10084:
10074:
10232:
9014:
9004:
1291:
While research was not as important to universities in the 19th century as it is today, UCL, King's and Durham all had staff engaged in research from the start (e.g.
513:
However, disputes over Durham's powers demonstrated that it was not clear that being granted the status of a university conferred degree awarding powers. The liberal
9600:
6997:
3698:
1077:
17:
5799:
Durham, site of the third oldest university in England (after Oxford and Cambridge), has been a seat of learning for much longer than it has been a university city.
231:
made by those universities against the foundation of any further universities in England for the next five centuries, during which time five universities opened in
8676:
8472:
4898:
3198:
Alumni Cantabrigienses: A Biographical List of All Known Students, Graduates and Holders of Office at the University of Cambridge, from the Earliest Times to 1900
785:: Durham Cathedral chapter passed an act constituting the academical institute founded in 1831 a university, in accordance with the University of Durham Act 1832
9887:
8945:
8274:
7810:
4102:
It was now between forty and fifty years since the University of London was called into existence, closely following the foundation of the University of Durham.
1762:'s note that "Sunderland has been an important centre for education since 674 AD, when Benedict Biscop built St Peter's Church and monastery", and the claim by
353:
The college opened its doors to students in 1831. Students at King's either left for degrees at Oxford and Cambridge, gained medical qualifications through the
1123:
noted the debate in 2018, saying "Durham University claims to be the third oldest university in England (a title also claimed by University College London)".
4955:
4137:
It was now between forty and fifty years since the University of London was called into existence, closely following the creation of the University of Durham.
8965:
4926:
4460:
1584:
1332:(which need only include some branches of knowledge) and degree awarding powers that is similar (except for not mentioning research) to modern definitions.
1117:
published an article on the debate, concluding that "Despite all the above arguments, most people consider Durham to be England's third oldest university".
541:, but it is generally considered that the right is implied in the terms of John XXII's letter of 1318 concerning Cambridge's status as a studium generale."
8940:
9029:
8279:
7953:
1843:
9024:
8999:
8892:
8731:
7815:
6327:
5199:
4047:
1660:) until 1968. Durham University already has a much stronger claim to be the third-oldest university through its creation by Act of Parliament in 1832.
1046:
1025:, the chancellor originally claiming that London was the older but accepting a correction that "Durham is the older University". At the opening of the
1969:
9059:
8313:
8223:
8068:
4991:
Founded in 1829, King's College London is England's fourth-oldest university institution and one of the largest colleges of the University of London.
4703:
4172:
It was nearly 50 years since the University of London was called into existence. Closely following the creation of this was the University of Durham.
950:: The Attornies and Solicitors Act, giving London and Durham degrees equal privilege to those of Oxford, Cambridge and Dublin, received royal assent
4255:
Record of the Visit of the University of Paris, Collège de France, and French Provincial Universities to the University of London, Whitsuntide, 1906
1610:
in 1561, and is regarded as one of the oldest medical schools. The hospital itself was founded in 1173 and traces its roots to the establishment of
9009:
8696:
8094:
8015:
6738:
5167:
4790:
1181:
university. By the formal definition, both UCL and King's remain colleges of the University of London rather than universities in their own right.
1135:
as occurring at the earliest point to which teaching can be traced, the establishment of predecessor institutions, the institution's foundation by
6679:(2011). "The third university 1450–1550: law school or finishing school?". In Archer, Jayne Elisabeth; Goldring, Elizabeth; Knight, Sarah (eds.).
4845:
4602:
As England's third oldest university town - the castle houses one of the colleges - there is more than a whiff of "town and gown" about the place.
8770:
8401:
6886:
5400:
8594:
1431:
By selectively choosing the meaning of the question and the factors used to assess university status, many different orderings can be produced.
9824:
9324:
9140:
9092:
9064:
8296:
7852:
7842:
5618:
4654:
Imperial College today served notice that it will leave the University of London, sending shockwaves through England's third oldest university.
263:
in 1660 following counter-petitions from Oxford and Cambridge, and the college closed with the restoration of the monarchy later in that year.
6363:
5077:
4584:
advertised itself this week as 'England's third oldest university', University College, London, immediately sought to put the record straight.
3768:
Substance of the Speech of Sir Charles Wetherell: Before the Lords of the Privy Council, on the Subject of Incorporating the London University
10202:
9799:
9150:
8703:
8190:
8088:
7777:
7751:
7719:
3936:
2338:
2023:
1838:
696:: Newspapers reported that a charter as a university had been passed by the legal officers of the crown and was awaiting the royal signature
402:(which only required a one-year course for those who were already graduates of Oxford, Cambridge or Dublin) in 1834. The first exams for the
10197:
3226:
1680:
institutes, arguments are made for their previous foundations as having descended from or incorporated other bodies; mainly descending from
1657:
10207:
10079:
10069:
9261:
9049:
8710:
8633:
8165:
7835:
4914:
In addition to being England's third oldest university after Oxford and Cambridge, Durham has the highest student satisfaction in this top
3010:
10001:
9759:
9561:
9372:
9271:
7910:
7877:
7675:
6731:
5418:
4977:
1595:
495:, what is to prevent the London University granting degrees now?" he received the reply: "The universal scorn and contempt of mankind."
291:
6500:
6055:
425:
The university was referred to as "the University of Durham" in two public acts of parliament prior to the granting of its charter: the
9412:
8856:
7920:
7825:
7695:
5104:
1284:
uses "An institution of higher education having authority to award bachelors' and higher degrees, usually having research facilities".
4872:
4421:
Besides being a county town, it boasts the third oldest University in England and a cathedral whose beauties are known the world over.
3040:
2848:
1474:
century), although Durham followed Oxford and Cambridge in being residential. It also does not apply to the modern era, with both the
9502:
9427:
9155:
9116:
9044:
7700:
6851:
1030:
300:
9514:
2436:
9923:
9590:
9457:
9432:
8785:
8765:
8566:
8290:
7862:
7690:
7483:
6901:
4366:
2910:
2735:
1136:
1085:
168:
132:
9971:
9774:
9145:
9069:
9039:
7946:
7637:
7554:
6234:
Outside London, a new university appeared at Durham in 1834, given degree awarding powers from the start because it was Anglican…
3575:(1850), "University of London.-- Originally incorporated by Royal Charter in the first year of the reign of her present Majesty"
4725:
9877:
9804:
9694:
8885:
8647:
8145:
8140:
7867:
1603:
1414:
university status (as defined above), then date of foundation is all that is being assessed and the list looks very different:
1350:
8980:
4813:
2662:
2584:
10192:
10167:
9928:
9784:
9769:
9299:
9266:
8970:
8950:
8421:
8376:
8155:
7253:
4685:
4575:
2503:
First, supplementary, and second reports, with minutes of evidence and appendices – Evidence of John Robson, Secretary of UCL
2464:
First, supplementary, and second reports, with minutes of evidence and appendices – Evidence of John Robson, Secretary of UCL
1535:
1190:
492:
6474:
4360:
3358:
1164:
However, while this usage was standard for most of the 19th and 20th centuries (e.g. the enumeration of universities in the
410:
in 1837. Following the practice of Oxford, the first BAs were conferred a year later, in 1837. The first honorary degree, a
330:
became an autonomous institute, and not until 1993 that it (along with the other colleges) received government funding from
10212:
10130:
9779:
8561:
8556:
8125:
7805:
7772:
6982:
6906:
5667:
3742:
3569:
559:
419:
285:
10115:
10105:
10059:
9442:
8780:
8666:
8661:
8496:
8028:
7364:
7017:
5404:
1744:
1524:(quoted by Wetherell) that "If the Crown erects a university, the power of conferring degrees is incident to the grant".
1521:
502:
344:
6288:"A history of Guy's, King's and St. Thomas' hospitals from 1649 to 2009: 360 Years of innovation in science and surgery"
10135:
9422:
9256:
8842:
8034:
7999:
7939:
7872:
7589:
7263:
6754:
1550:
148:
7977:
1280:
goes for "A high-level education institution in which students study for degrees and academic research is done" while
10227:
10089:
9981:
9754:
9595:
9490:
9452:
8878:
8135:
7464:
6688:
6227:
6196:
6169:
6140:
6091:
5914:
5885:
5849:
5792:
5695:
5316:
5265:
4550:
4520:
4288:
Now they had several new universities in England. First came the University of London, then the University of Durham…
3890:
3210:
3143:
2311:
2238:
2186:
2155:
2128:
1740:
1013:
secured London's precedence in the Charitable Trusts Act on the grounds of it having the earlier charter; but in the
514:
1591:
of the Royal College of Physicians, Royal College of Surgeons and the Worshipful Society of Apothecaries of London.
1080:(Durham's Chancellor) called it "in some sort the mother of modern universities in the United Kingdom" in 1931; the
9961:
9689:
9669:
9620:
9580:
8180:
8170:
7506:
7374:
7248:
7178:
6861:
4645:
3066:
1724:
1580:
8488:
5304:
European Universities and Similar Institutions in Existence Between 1812 and the end of 1944: A Chronological List
5253:
European Universities and Similar Institutions in Existence Between 1812 and the end of 1944: A Chronological List
4767:
1143:
or otherwise, its incorporation, or its date of formal recognition as a university all produce different results.
10064:
9956:
9918:
9554:
9200:
8955:
8238:
8233:
7622:
7569:
6891:
6762:
5169:
Higher Education – Report of the Committee appointed by the Prime Minister under the Chairmanship of Lord Robbins
4859:
England's third oldest university, and impressive academically, UCL is London's research and teaching powerhouse.
4301:"Proceedings of the International Assembly of the Inter-state Post-Graduate Medical Association of North America"
1185:
1153:
426:
9630:
4624:. Anne-Marie Nevin, its development officer, says: "We're part of the third-oldest university in England, after
3970:
3948:
2879:
9367:
9109:
8960:
8775:
8689:
8477:
8248:
7680:
7359:
6987:
6967:
6846:
6812:
4690:
The University of London … was granted its first charter in 1836 and is the third-oldest university in England.
4434:
4405:
4315:
4274:
4150:
4115:
4080:
2713:
2405:
2373:
1728:
1704:
1696:
358:
9526:
3170:"Acts Relating to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners for England: With Appendix ... – Great Britain. Parliament"
9976:
9679:
9639:
9382:
9074:
8795:
7599:
7544:
7491:
7439:
7394:
7137:
7112:
7067:
7022:
6992:
1848:
1346:
314:
256:
219:
179:. Students and tutors from Oxford were encouraged to take up places at the university which was founded at a
144:
8358:
6338:
5223:
5205:
1084:
referred to Durham as "the third University to be established in England" in 1937; a guide published by the
10036:
10011:
9711:
9699:
9684:
9351:
8625:
8302:
8228:
8218:
8160:
8054:
7892:
7887:
7820:
6972:
6866:
6676:
6562:
1992:
1081:
636:: A public meeting chaired by the prime minister, the Duke of Wellington, resolved to found King's College
378:
194:
104:
as the third-oldest officially recognised university (1832) and the third to confer degrees (1837) and the
6584:
9991:
9908:
9861:
9736:
9649:
8724:
8717:
8318:
7685:
7534:
7324:
7288:
7147:
7127:
6807:
6237:(1834 is the date of the Act of Chapter formally declaring Durham to be a university, as discussed below)
3854:
2499:
2460:
2049:
1719:
1018:
415:
5173:
2964:"University of London, the Historical Record: (1836-1912) Being a Supplement ... - University of London"
2479:"University of London, the Historical Record: (1836-1912) Being a Supplement ... - University of London"
1770:) that "Durham University is the inheritor of a continuous line of learning and scholarship dating from
10154:
9938:
9794:
9726:
9716:
9547:
9319:
9205:
9178:
8243:
8102:
7419:
7203:
7062:
6881:
6856:
6782:
6609:
5861:
5308:
5257:
3202:
1358:. The judgement gives six "essential qualities" that a university should possess, namely that it must:
1296:
242:
was suppressed in 1540, Henry VIII planned to establish a college in Durham, but this came to nothing.
6631:
2817:
10222:
10217:
9996:
9866:
9809:
9721:
9664:
9314:
8930:
8810:
7962:
7857:
7665:
7627:
7584:
7559:
7449:
7409:
7243:
7117:
7032:
7027:
6947:
6926:
6921:
6797:
6426:
6250:
Government policies and higher education: a comparison of Britain and the United States, 1630 to 1860
6068:
When new universities were established (starting with Durham, in the north-east of England, in 1832)…
4443:
4416:
4324:
4283:
4167:
4132:
4097:
2896:
2422:
2390:
2092:
2045:
1965:
1700:
1060:
498:
484:
215:
140:
113:
73:
37:
6113:
5625:
5338:
5287:
5153:
3912:
3419:"Cap. 56.—An Act for amending the general Acts for the Regulation of Attorneys and Solicitors"
2358:
2332:
2067:
1113:
mistakenly called Durham the "third oldest university in the UK" (rather than in England). In 2016,
9659:
9467:
9377:
9133:
8901:
8508:
8253:
8041:
8004:
7847:
7574:
7564:
7469:
7429:
7424:
7369:
7354:
7293:
7258:
7233:
7228:
7132:
7122:
7057:
7012:
6942:
6916:
6911:
6871:
6777:
6374:
6000:
A. D. Burnett; D. M. Knight (March 1975). "Collections V: History of Science in Durham Libraries".
5670:. Department for Education and Department for Business, Innovation & Skills. 15 September 2016.
4386:
4225:
2949:
1759:
1758:
Other universities harken back to teaching in cathedrals and monasteries in their cities, e.g. the
1736:
1732:
1692:
1681:
1599:
1329:
1042:
1026:
1017:
Durham was given precedence. The topic also came up in the House of Commons during a speech by the
446:
121:
87:
6364:"A Chronology of State Medicine, Public Health, Welfare and Related Services in Britain 1066-1999"
5444:
5422:
4557:
Though it is the third oldest university in England, it is not a university of the 'ancient' type.
3556:
3262:
3095:
1931:
491:) asked during the debate on UCL's application for a charter in the Privy Council in 1834, "Pray,
9851:
9789:
9731:
9462:
9304:
9183:
8682:
8639:
8614:
7670:
7529:
7308:
7283:
7238:
7152:
7107:
7097:
7087:
6957:
6952:
6787:
5718:
5372:
5055:
4629:
3772:
3725:
3534:
2178:
1885:
1715:
1629:
1304:
1292:
1211:
834:: House of Commons voted in favour of praying the King to grant a charter to UCL as a university
299:
under the name of "University of London". The foundation stone for the main building was laid by
5937:
81:
10026:
9840:
9834:
9346:
9329:
9222:
8530:
8060:
7794:
7607:
7579:
7549:
7514:
7414:
7344:
7339:
7273:
7173:
7077:
7007:
6896:
6876:
5003:
4621:
4211:
3044:
2780:
1607:
1340:
The only judgment in English law, on the defining criteria of a university, is the decision of
1038:
399:
354:
239:
6186:
6157:
6128:
6081:
5902:
5604:
A new universal etymological technological, and pronouncing dictionary of the English language
5568:
5507:
5490:
5470:
5302:
5251:
5131:
4754:
County Durham even holds the third oldest university in the country, The University of Durham.
4229:
3993:
3512:
3489:
3437:
3418:
3310:
3284:
3196:
3169:
3018:
2562:
2501:
2462:
2145:
2118:
303:, a brother of King George IV, in 1827 and the college opened for teaching on 1 October 1828.
9913:
9674:
9248:
8755:
7539:
7434:
7349:
7278:
7223:
7188:
7183:
7142:
7102:
6817:
6504:
6217:
5875:
5759:
5743:
5651:
4540:
4253:
4009:
3721:
The Greville Memoirs: A Journal of the Reigns of King George IV. and King William IV. Vol III
3392:
2963:
2255:
2172:
1711:
1068:
227:
5685:
4025:
3819:
3790:
2478:
100:
has been carried out since the mid-19th century, with rival claims being made originally by
9704:
9654:
9417:
8912:
8815:
8739:
8441:
8426:
8391:
8195:
8185:
7798:
7790:
7524:
7459:
7454:
7404:
7379:
7268:
7213:
7198:
7168:
7002:
6977:
6836:
6792:
4625:
3576:
2856:
1881:
1677:
1540:
1207:
318:
186:
176:
164:
105:
67:
57:
9510:
4191:
8:
10125:
9392:
8800:
8653:
8431:
8049:
7830:
7384:
7334:
7298:
7218:
7082:
7072:
6962:
6802:
3119:
2688:
1862:
1795:
1752:
1673:
1449:
1119:
544:
463:
411:
296:
181:
5712:
5602:
5545:
4488:
3766:
3719:
2917:
139:
1261), but this institution survived only until 1265 and is not connected to the modern
9882:
9814:
9104:
9034:
8396:
8371:
8324:
8077:
7782:
7642:
7632:
7617:
7519:
7399:
7329:
7303:
7208:
6446:
6101:
6033:
6017:
5976:
5968:
5931:
5326:
5275:
5141:
3900:
2346:
1857:
1625:
1281:
198:
120:(1826) and was the third-oldest university institution to start teaching (1828) and by
9522:
5524:
1052:
10120:
9764:
9570:
9437:
9339:
9309:
8760:
8502:
8416:
8213:
8150:
7746:
7612:
7496:
7444:
7193:
6723:
6684:
6461:
6451:
6309:
6223:
6192:
6165:
6136:
6087:
6025:
5980:
5910:
5881:
5845:
5788:
5691:
5681:
5312:
5261:
4667:
4581:
4546:
4516:
3886:
3850:
3366:
3206:
2307:
2234:
2182:
2151:
2124:
1852:
1825:(who received their royal charter in 1662). The college was also mentioned in Buck's
1763:
1637:
1461:
1355:
1309:
1056:
803:: Renewed application for a charter as a university debated before the Privy Council
530:
387:
383:
190:
160:
101:
51:
43:
6540:
6399:
6264:
6037:
5585:
4822:
Founded in 1836, the University of London is the third oldest university in England.
4205:
2985:
844:: Durham University announces after taking legal advice that it will confer degrees
600:: UCL established as a joint-stock company under the name of "University of London"
9615:
9605:
9334:
9121:
8436:
8411:
8107:
7736:
7389:
7092:
7052:
6441:
6299:
6248:
6009:
5960:
5837:
5353:
4736:…Durham University, England's third oldest university (after Oxford and Cambridge)…
3878:
3833:
3804:
3568:"UNIVERSITY OF LONDON, SOMERSET HOUSE. A government institution, established 1837"
2588:
1821:, a higher education institute founded in London in 1597 was the first home of the
1791:
1767:
1661:
1588:
1466:
1371:" at least one of the higher faculties" i.e. theology; law or philosophy; medicine;
1014:
548:
518:
467:
403:
391:
260:
5029:
4185:
3438:"The Statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland - Great Britains"
3336:
3087:
2666:
2645:
The future of the University of London: a discussion paper from the Provost of UCL
2500:
Royal Commission on Scientific Instruction and the Advancement of Science (1872).
2461:
Royal Commission on Scientific Instruction and the Advancement of Science (1872).
10110:
9243:
9210:
9173:
8870:
8546:
8446:
8308:
7756:
7660:
6704:
6478:
6253:. Working Papers. Institute of Governmental Studies, UC Berkeley. pp. 41–42.
5782:
5546:"twenty+years+ago"+University+honour+name&pg=PA328 "Scotch University Reform"
4506:
4374:
4370:
4338:
4300:
4234:
3370:
2943:
2301:
2228:
1818:
1653:
1640:
hosted until 2011 a Roman Catholic seminary that had been established in 1568 in
1475:
1441:
1106:
1102:
1089:
1022:
1000:
References for the dates given in this table can be found in the sections above.
506:
488:
248:
243:
202:
5831:
5687:
The Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages: Volume 1, Salerno, Bologna, Paris
3856:
The Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages: Volume 1, Salerno, Bologna, Paris
3513:"History of the peace: pictorial history of England during the thirty years ..."
706:: Durham Cathedral chapter passed acts establishing an "academical institution"
9986:
9215:
7741:
6304:
6287:
5841:
5486:
5466:
4730:
4512:
3932:
2230:
Universities in the Age of Reform, 1800–1870: Durham, London and King's College
1685:
1611:
1170:
1165:
1072:
754:: Durham University opened and first students matriculated onto degree courses
555:
407:
252:
6013:
4207:
Record of the Celebration of the Quatercentenary of the University of Aberdeen
3882:
1512:
Contrary to this, however, Rashdall states that "the special privilege of the
872:: Durham University's fundamental statute was passed by the cathedral chapter
10186:
10031:
9966:
9387:
9190:
8790:
8456:
8386:
4561:
3311:"A Collection of Statutes of Practical Utility: With Notes Thereon. with ..."
3285:"A Collection of Statutes of Practical Utility: With Notes Thereon. with ..."
2639:
2547:
Alden's Manifold Cyclopedia of Knowledge and Language, 1892, vol. 38, p. 197;
2456:
2454:
2275:
1822:
1787:
1633:
1602:—Guy's, King's and St Thomas' (GKT) School of Medical Education—incorporates
1140:
1010:
994:: First University of London degrees awarded to students from UCL and King's
981:: First students from UCL and King's matriculate at the University of London
310:
172:
109:
7931:
5877:
Redbrick: A Social and Architectural History of Britain's Civic Universities
5078:"Is Durham Really England's Third Oldest University? Well, it's Complicated"
3873:
Patrick Zutshi (2011). Kenneth Pennington; Melodie Harris Eichbauer (eds.).
2174:
Redbrick: A Social and Architectural History of Britain's Civic Universities
1399:
University of London: 1900 (plurality of masters; teaching higher faculties)
1067:
This early period of debate appears to have all but ended by 1906, when Sir
361:(first awarded in June 1835); the college did not award degrees of its own.
267:
York (1825), Leeds (1826), and Bath, Newcastle and Manchester in the 1830s.
9871:
9846:
9097:
8671:
8551:
8514:
8284:
8023:
6455:
6313:
6029:
5228:
5195:
4411:
3684:
The University of London, 1858–1900: The Politics of Senate and Convocation
3654:
The University of London, 1858–1900: The Politics of Senate and Convocation
1341:
1110:
517:, wrote a response to Wetherell's argument before the Privy Council in the
471:
223:
6518:
5105:"University league tables: A guide to the top ten UK institutions in 2018"
2643:
2493:
2451:
1798:
as England's "third university". Most notably, this claim was made in Sir
1505:
He goes on to claim that "every liberty conferred was conferred not as an
9903:
9276:
9238:
8805:
8381:
8175:
5985:
When, in 1832, England did eventually acquire a third university, Durham…
4791:"Islamic finance lessons for UK as swathe of universities launch courses"
3821:
Discussions on philosophy and literature, education and university reform
3792:
Discussions on philosophy and literature, education and university reform
1799:
1617:
6709:(Volume 4 ed.). Hunt & Clarke, Covent Garden. 1826. p. 210
4964:
King's College London is England's fourth-oldest university institution.
4448:
Next to Oxford and Cambridge, Durham is the oldest university in England
3609:
Our Minerva: the men and politics of the University of London, 1836–1858
3535:"Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge"
2437:"The Congregational magazine (formerly The London Christian Instructor)"
247:
University of London, taking in Gresham College. Durham was approved by
9856:
9195:
8366:
6021:
5972:
4011:
Proceedings at the Annual General Meeting of the Members of the College
3995:
Institutes of Ecclesiastical History, Ancient and Modern: Modern period
3877:. Farnham, Surrey, England; Burlington, VT: Ashgate. pp. 153–171.
2526:
The Standard Library Cyclopedia, 1849, 1853 & 1860, vol. 4, p. 861;
1649:
456:
6653:
5964:
2544:
The Students' Journal and Hospital Gazette, 22 September 1883, p. 371;
2535:
The People's Cyclopedia of Universal Knowledge, 1883, vol. 3, p. 1777;
8406:
6681:
The Intellectual and Cultural World of the Early Modern Inns of Court
3703:
2273:
1808:
1621:
1500:
of persons teaching and learning one or more departments of knowledge
1362:"be incorporated by the highest authority, i.e. the sovereign power";
1276:
Modern dictionaries use multiple factors to define "university". The
9539:
3549:
3097:
Minutes of Evidence taken before the Durham University Commissioners
1962:"It should have been us! Northampton University's very long history"
909:: UCL incorporated by royal charter as "University College, London"
777:: King's College council instituted the Associate of King's College
8451:
3557:"Victorian London – Education – Universities -University of London"
1775:
232:
6056:"Defining and measuring academic standards: A British perspective"
2012:. Oxford History of England. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 501.
1947:
The Medieval English Universities: Oxford and Cambridge to c. 1500
1606:, which traces its history back to the first recorded teaching in
9610:
9128:
8526:
Royal Free, University College and Middlesex Medical Students RFC
8520:
5540:
5538:
4886:
England's third oldest university has a strong collegiate system.
4465:
4392:
Wales, Birmingham, Liverpool, Leeds, Sheffield, Bristol, Reading.
4052:
3928:
3747:
3487:
2849:"FAQs 4. Did all students sit University of London examinations?"
5509:
A Pronouncing and Explanatory Dictionary of the English Language
4777:
company with shareholders, and did not receive a royal charter.)
2822:. London : University of London, King's College. p. 5.
1667:
1478:
and the University of Arden being distance-learning institutes.
964:: University of London reincorporated by a second royal charter
398:
Following its opening in 1833, the university awarded its first
8131:
Centre for the Study of the Legacies of British Slave-ownership
3845:
3843:
3510:
3093:
1645:
1308:
arts (omitting theology). This definition was also followed by
554:
After Van Mildert's death in February 1836, Thorp wrote to the
8620:
Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust
5535:
5221:
3868:
3866:
1932:"Northampton: The ancient English university killed by a king"
1041:
in 1906, and was also named as the elder in a 1905 article by
813:: First examinations for and award of the Licence in Theology
9447:
6267:. King's College London Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine
4620:
Being part of a university is also part of the attraction of
3669:
The University of London and the World of Learning, 1836–1986
3393:"Bills, Public - Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons"
1748:
1641:
331:
8259:
Pedestrian Accessibility and Movement Environment Laboratory
6246:
6188:
Education in the United Kingdom: Structures and Organisation
5566:
5401:"List of all Charters granted since the 13th Century (XLSX)"
5102:
4712:
Durham, which boasts the third oldest university in England…
3963:
3941:
3840:
1539:
lists Durham as the third oldest university in England, and
7882:
5619:"St David's College, Lampeter v Ministry of Education 1951"
3863:
3136:
3121:
Durham university; earlier foundations and present colleges
1771:
1628:, as a college for the training of priests. It merged with
9005:
Centre for the History of Science, Technology and Medicine
6683:. Manchester: Manchester University Press. pp. 8–24.
5492:
Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language, in Miniature
5224:"College vote brings break-up of university a step nearer"
3425:. Vol. 1. London: A. Maxwell. 1838. pp. 247–248.
2835:
The Centenary History of King's College, London, 1828-1928
2832:
1703:
which was founded in 1825 and received a royal charter as
259:, but a petition for degree-awarding powers was denied by
6998:
Richmond, The American International University in London
6080:
Bertie Dockeril (22 September 2017). Jodi Burkett (ed.).
5999:
5373:"The University as a charity | University of Oxford"
3585:
2757:
2274:
Negley Harte; John North; Georgina Brewis (21 May 2018).
1731:, founded in 1823 as the London Mechanics Institute; and
1374:" residents either in its own buildings or near at hand";
1365:"be open to receive students from any part of the world";
1277:
8677:
University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
5959:(2, Special Number (22): Nigel Grant Festschrift): 167.
3451:
2541:
Listing Oxford, Cambridge, Durham, London and Victoria:
2143:
2116:
1656:
in 1808 but did not become part of the university (as a
1402:
University College London: 2005 (degree awarding powers)
903:: The University of London established by royal charter
8275:
Edwards Professor of Egyptian Archaeology and Philology
6083:
The Debating Societies of Durham and Liverpool 19001939
5929:
4542:
University of London: An Illustrated History: 1836-1986
3971:"Calendar of the Charles Thorp Correspondence, THO/226"
3949:"Calendar of the Charles Thorp Correspondence, THO/214"
3639:
University of London: An Illustrated History: 1836–1986
3624:
University of London: An Illustrated History: 1836–1986
3594:
University of London – The Historical Record, 1836–1912
3475:
University of London: An Illustrated History: 1836–1986
3460:
University of London – The Historical Record, 1836–1912
2911:"A brief history of the Associateship of Kings College"
2303:
University of London: An Illustrated History: 1836–1986
1695:
has traced formal medical lectures to 1767 through the
6753:
6160:. In Carol Summerfield; Mary Elizabeth Devine (eds.).
6131:. In Carol Summerfield; Mary Elizabeth Devine (eds.).
5201:
Higher Education in the learning society – Main Report
4726:"Q&A: An Overnight From London to Durham and York"
4596:
Helen Pickles (10 January 1998). "Durham: On the up".
3630:
3615:
1723:
descent from earlier Mechanics' Institutes, including
1557:
However, the consensus on Durham is not absolute. The
1045:, president of the Educational Science Section of the
5813:
The Durham difference: The Story of Durham University
5222:
Rebecca Smithers; Donald MacLeod (10 December 2005).
4800:
Islamic finance for more than a quarter of a century.
4768:"11 February 1826: England gets its third university"
4704:"Northern towns 'offer better university experience'"
4666:"The third oldest university in England… or is it?".
3466:
1997:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 163.
1735:
from the 1824-founded Leeds Mechanics Institute. The
1585:
Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry
1494:, in its proper and original meaning, denotes simply
737:: The University of Durham Act received royal assent
667:: King's College London established by royal charter
8941:
Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience
5714:
On the origin of universities and academical degrees
5053:
4814:"Fundraising technology partnerships in August 2015"
3817:
3788:
3660:
3591:
3457:
2805:. London: G.G. Harrap & Company. pp. 70–74.
2768:. London: G.G. Harrap & Company. pp. 67–68.
1418:
University College London: 1826 (deed of settlement)
1405:
King's College London: 2006 (degree awarding powers)
8280:
Grote Professor of the Philosophy of Mind and Logic
6427:"The influence of the Hunters on medical education"
4224:
2550:
Johnson's Universal Cyclopedia, 1895, vol. 8, p.391
1880:Following the establishment of the universities of
1844:
List of oldest universities in continuous operation
8900:
8732:University College Hospital at Westmoreland Street
6585:"History of the Victoria University of Manchester"
6434:Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
5951:R. E. Bell (May 2000). "Scotland's Universities".
5587:An etymological dictionary of the English language
4976:
4871:
4844:
4433:
4404:
4314:
4273:
4183:
4149:
4114:
4079:
3824:. Longman, Brown, Green and Longman's. p. 497
3795:. Longman, Brown, Green and Longman's. p. 492
3675:
3645:
2903:
2878:
2404:
2372:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2087:
2085:
1047:British Association for the Advancement of Science
10233:History of higher education in the United Kingdom
9060:Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics
8314:Ramsay Memorial Professor of Chemical Engineering
6247:Sheldon Rothblatt; Martin Trow (1 January 1990).
6053:
5900:
5680:
5611:
5354:"Cambridge University – The Unauthorised History"
3849:
3764:
3330:
3328:
2781:"The University of London: The Founding Colleges"
2112:
2110:
1851:, the third-oldest higher education institute in
1303:Older dictionaries use a variety of definitions.
864:: First award of the Associate of King's College
193:, who was a patron of the university, during the
143:. Other short-lived English foundations included
10184:
8697:National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery
6475:"Papers relating to Liverpool Royal Institution"
6467:
6162:International Dictionary of University Histories
6133:International Dictionary of University Histories
5075:
4953:
4461:"North-East Coast (Redundancy and Unemployment)"
3359:"The University: The Founding of the University"
2772:
2714:"UCL statement on University of London Act 2018"
2681:
1559:International Dictionary of University Histories
1377:"have the power to grant its own degrees" ("the
112:(1836). These have been joined more recently by
8771:European Network for Training Economic Research
8024:Faculty of the Built Environment (The Bartlett)
6215:
6079:
5995:
5993:
5829:
5780:
5668:"University title and university college title"
5649:
5103:Laura Potier and Sophie Inge (15 August 2018).
3606:
3033:
2529:Encyclopædia Britannica, 1860, vol. 21, p. 452;
2284:
2262:
2253:
2226:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2082:
1727:, from a Mechanics' Institute founded in 1825;
1452:, similar to the modern Companies House route.
9325:South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust
9065:School of Education, Communication and Society
8951:Faculty of Natural & Mathematical Sciences
7853:Student loans and grants in the United Kingdom
6155:
6126:
6002:The British Journal for the History of Science
5485:
5465:
4788:
4643:
4614:"Why it's a real pleasure to study up North".
3872:
3325:
3041:"King's College London – Lions on the catwalk"
3003:
2803:The Centenary History of King's College London
2800:
2766:The Centenary History of King's College London
2763:
2538:Chambers's Encyclopædia, 1885, vol. 12, p. 138
2517:Listing Oxford, Cambridge, Durham and London:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2144:John Lawson; Harold Silver (28 October 2013).
2117:John Lawson; Harold Silver (28 October 2013).
2107:
1076:Medical Association of North America in 1930;
406:were held in 1836 and the first exams for the
9800:Centre for Research into Earth Energy Systems
9555:
8971:Faculty of Social Science & Public Policy
8886:
8704:Royal London Hospital for Integrated Medicine
8224:Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health
8191:Slade Centre for Electronic Media in Fine Art
8069:Faculty of Mathematical and Physical Sciences
7961:
7947:
7720:University of the Channel Islands in Guernsey
6739:
5873:
5583:
5522:
5505:
5367:
5365:
5363:
5245:
5243:
5129:
4723:
4701:
4595:
4534:
4532:
4362:Higher Education In Great Britain And Ireland
4086:The Manchester Courier and Lancashire Gazette
3924:
3922:
3875:When Did Cambridge Become a Studium generale?
3596:. University of London Press. pp. 36–47.
3423:The Monthly Law Magazine and Political Review
3308:
3282:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3107:
2815:
2634:
2632:
2339:Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge
2170:
1839:List of UK universities by date of foundation
1668:Predecessor institutions and earlier teaching
466:, Principal of King's College London, told a
270:
214:In 1333, rebellious tutors and students from
9050:Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute
8711:Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital
8634:Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
8166:Department of Science and Technology Studies
8095:School of Slavonic and East European Studies
8016:Division of Psychology and Language Sciences
5990:
5907:Handbook of Comparative Higher Education Law
5810:
5710:
5300:
5249:
5194:
4607:
4580:Being old is good for a university, so when
4538:
3811:
3760:
3758:
3737:
3735:
3488:Victor Aimé Huber; Palgrave Simpson (1843).
3462:. University of London Press. pp. 7–24.
3246:
3067:"King's College London Supplemental Charter"
2935:
2853:175 years King's College: In the beginning..
1994:Educational Charters and Documents: 598–1909
1546:Handbook of Comparative Higher Education Law
279:
10002:Lower Mountjoy Teaching and Learning Centre
7676:International College of the Cayman Islands
6184:
5745:The Edinburgh University Calendar 1869–1870
5570:A Complete and Universal English Dictionary
5395:
5393:
5133:Statement of Facts on the London University
4811:
4677:
4672:…the question still remains who came third?
4659:
4567:
4504:
4343:Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry
3784:
3782:
3490:"The English Universities: From the German"
3011:"King's College London - King's Governance"
2941:
2587:. University College London. Archived from
2523:Political dictionary, 1846, vol. 2, p. 861;
2195:
1632:in 2000 and was closed in 2009. Similarly,
1574:
1481:
1424:Durham University: 1832 (Act of Parliament)
1421:King's College London: 1829 (royal charter)
1184:This is part of the definition used by the
386:had its formal beginnings in an act of the
9562:
9548:
8893:
8879:
8297:Prize Lecture in Life and Medical Sciences
7954:
7940:
7916:
7696:University of Science, Arts and Technology
6746:
6732:
5950:
5600:
5360:
5240:
4529:
4494:. Dod's Parliamentary Companion Ltd. 1967.
4440:Sunderland Daily Echo and Shipping Gazette
3919:
3859:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 11–12.
3600:
3511:Harriet Martineau; Charles Knight (1858).
3304:
3302:
3278:
3276:
3242:
3240:
3238:
3231:. Durham University. 1837. pp. 27–31.
3167:
3163:
3161:
3104:
2708:
2706:
2691:. University College London. 26 March 2008
2655:
2629:
1427:University of London: 1836 (royal charter)
679:Degree of M. Med. et Chir. U. L. proposed
533:states that "the special privilege of the
255:were issued on 15 May 1657 to establish a
9473:Third-oldest university in England debate
9428:Chelsea College of Science and Technology
9045:Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives
8089:Faculty of Social and Historical Sciences
7701:University of the West Indies Open Campus
6445:
6303:
5690:. Cambridge University Press. p. 9.
4765:
4367:Universities Bureau of the British Empire
4190:. S. Low, Marston & Company. p.
3755:
3732:
3696:
3194:
2532:The National Encyclopædia, 1867, p. 350;;
2511:
1959:
1455:
1271:
1086:Universities Bureau of the British Empire
477:
301:Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex
235:and over 100 on the continent of Europe.
98:third-oldest university in England debate
18:Third oldest university in England debate
9883:Northumbrian University Royal Naval Unit
9373:King's College London Mathematics School
9267:Rugby Club (Guy's, Kings and St Thomas')
8786:League of European Research Universities
8766:Association of Commonwealth Universities
8291:Papers from the Institute of Archaeology
7863:Student television in the United Kingdom
7691:University College of the Cayman Islands
6902:Royal Central School of Speech and Drama
6285:
5437:
5390:
4230:"University Education and National Life"
4048:"COMMITTEE. [PROGRESS JUNE 13.]"
3779:
3717:
3711:
3666:
3337:"About Durham University: Royal Charter"
3117:
3094:Durham University Commissioners (1863).
2916:. AKC Alumni Group. 2012. Archived from
2665:. UCL. 27 September 2005. Archived from
2520:Penny Cyclopaedia, 1843, vol. 27, p. 21;
2327:
2325:
2323:
2147:A Social History of Education in England
2120:A Social History of Education in England
2007:
1790:in London, together with the associated
1126:
1051:
1003:
422:of the establishment of the university.
338:
108:as the third university to be granted a
9413:Academic dress of King's College London
9070:Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases
9040:International Centre for Prison Studies
9020:Department of International Development
8956:Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine
8254:Institute of Security and Crime Science
8171:Department of Space and Climate Physics
7976:
5880:. Oxford University Press. p. 33.
5567:James Barclay; William Shorton (1824).
5550:The London Quarterly and Holborn Review
4187:Dod's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage
3991:
3435:
3351:
3299:
3273:
3235:
3228:The Durham University Calendar for 1837
3158:
2855:. King's College London. Archived from
2703:
1710:Similar claims have been made by other
1460:The next three criteria are taken from
1396:Durham University: 1837 (incorporation)
1035:Dod's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage
922:: Durham incorporated by royal charter
440:
14:
10185:
9878:Northumbrian Universities Air Squadron
9805:International Boundaries Research Unit
8648:Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust
7868:Student unionism in the United Kingdom
6060:Higher Education Management and Policy
6054:Geoffrey Alderman (23 November 2009).
5784:Treasures of Durham University Library
4927:"Top 20 universities to study English"
4899:"Top 10 universities to study history"
3681:
3651:
2945:The Calendar of King's College, London
2841:
1944:
1807:, published in 1615 as an appendix to
1589:prepared students for the examinations
9785:Institute for Computational Cosmology
9569:
9543:
9433:Coat of arms of King's College London
8874:
8592:
8422:Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology
8346:
8085:Faculty of Population Health Sciences
7975:
7935:
6727:
6675:
6424:
6400:"King's College London - Our history"
6219:British Universities Past and Present
5760:"Laureation & Degrees, 1587-1809"
5004:"Why does KCL hate its own students?"
4686:The Times Higher Education Supplement
4646:"Imperial quits University of London"
4576:The Times Higher Education Supplement
4469:. The National Archives. 23 July 1962
3724:. Longmans, Green, & Co. p.
3641:. London: A&C Black. p. 142.
3636:
3626:. London: A&C Black. p. 120.
3621:
3472:
2638:
2320:
2299:
2044:
1990:
1938:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1747:, founded in 1824, and also (through
1536:A History of the University in Europe
1191:A History of the University in Europe
10203:History of University College London
10163:
9498:
8851:
8126:Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis
7773:2010 United Kingdom student protests
6279:
6216:Robert Anderson (27 November 2006).
5741:
5411:
5351:
5054:Siobhain Butterworth (31 May 2007).
3771:. J.G. & F. Rivington. pp.
3477:. London: A&C Black. p. 90.
3249:The University of Durham (1832–1932)
2778:
2663:"UCL granted degree awarding powers"
2611:"UCL Library Services: UCL Archives"
2258:. Higher Education Policy Institute.
1781:
1745:Royal School of Medicine and Surgery
1146:
1059:, the oldest university in England (
372:
286:History of University College London
10208:History of the University of London
9888:University Conservative Association
9000:Centre for Children and Adolescents
8781:Institute of Advanced Legal Studies
8667:UCLH/UCL Biomedical Research Centre
8662:Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital
7878:Undergraduate degree classification
5405:Privy Council of the United Kingdom
3146:. London Standard. 14 December 1831
3144:"London Standard, 14 December 1831"
2833:Fossey John Cobb Hearnshaw (1929).
2256:"Universities in the Age of Reform"
2068:"A Durham College Away from Durham"
1604:St Thomas's Hospital Medical School
1527:
447:University of London § History
136:
24:
10136:Durham Palestine Educational Trust
10022:Third oldest university in England
9300:Evelina London Children's Hospital
8572:Third-oldest university in England
8567:Rivalry with King's College London
8141:Centre for the History of Medicine
7873:Tuition fees in the United Kingdom
6755:Universities in the United Kingdom
6541:"History of Birkbeck: 1700s/1800s"
6521:. Liverpool John Moores University
6156:Patrick Heenan (2 December 2013).
6127:Patrick Heenan (2 December 2013).
5909:. R&L Education. p. 136.
5901:Dennis Farrington (11 July 2013).
5472:Dictionary of the English Language
5301:Walter RĂĽegg (16 September 2004).
5204:. HMSO. p. 41. Archived from
5172:. 1963. p. 22. Archived from
5076:David Sunderland (4 August 2016).
4954:Charlotte Lytton (17 April 2013).
4702:Matthew Moore (13 February 2009).
4644:Donald MacLeod (9 December 2005).
4151:"The New University in Manchester"
4014:. University College London. 1854.
3168:Parliament, Great Britain (1844).
2050:"The Medieval University Monopoly"
1919:
1688:formed in the early 19th century.
1335:
25:
10244:
9458:King's College London–UCL rivalry
8156:Department of Information Studies
6286:Agha, Riaz; Agha, Maliha (2011).
5860:(Note: quote is from foreword by
5815:. James & James. p. 11.
4989:from the original on 7 May 2022.
4884:from the original on 7 May 2022.
4857:from the original on 7 May 2022.
4846:"UCL (University College London)"
4373:. 1937. p. 7. Archived from
3399:. 1907. University of Durham Bill
2300:Harte, Negley (1 December 2000).
1741:Victoria University of Manchester
1739:traces its teaching (through the
1197:
27:Debate since the mid-19th century
10198:History of King's College London
10162:
10149:
10148:
9629:
9621:List of Durham University people
9521:
9509:
9497:
9486:
9485:
9015:Department of Digital Humanities
8979:
8966:Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery
8850:
8837:
8836:
8181:London Centre for Nanotechnology
7915:
7906:
7905:
6983:Northeastern University – London
6697:
6668:
6646:
6624:
6602:
6577:
6555:
6543:. Birkbeck, University of London
6533:
6511:
6493:
6418:
6392:
6356:
6320:
6292:International Journal of Surgery
6257:
6240:
6209:
6178:
6149:
6120:
6073:
6047:
5944:
5933:Queen Victoria And Her Ministers
5930:Sir John A. R. Marriott (1933).
5923:
5894:
5867:
5823:
5804:
5787:. Third Millennium. p. 18.
5774:
5752:
5735:
5725:
5704:
5674:
5660:
5643:
5594:
5577:
5560:
5516:
5499:
5479:
5459:
5345:
5294:
5215:
5188:
5160:
5123:
5096:
5069:
5047:
5022:
4996:
4969:
4947:
4919:
4891:
4864:
4837:
4827:
4805:
4782:
4759:
4741:
4724:Rusha Haljuci (10 August 2010).
4717:
4695:
4637:
4589:
4539:Negley Harte (1 December 2000).
4498:
4481:
4453:
4426:
4397:
4353:
4331:
4307:
4293:
3718:Greville, Charles C. F. (1874).
3205:. Thomson, George Selby p. 170.
3124:. F. E. Robinson & co., 1904
3100:. House of Commons. p. 119.
2986:"King's College London Act 1997"
2837:. G.G. Harrap. pp. 111–112.
2819:King's College London, 1828-1978
2689:"UCL unveils new academic dress"
2010:The Fourteenth Century 1307–1399
1901:
1725:Liverpool John Moores University
1581:Queen Mary, University of London
1498:(generally, incorporated body,)
1434:
345:History of King's College London
80:
66:
50:
36:
9423:Associateship of King's College
8029:Faculty of Engineering Sciences
7752:London International Programmes
7570:Royal Conservatoire of Scotland
6328:"The Foundation of St Thomas's"
6185:Liam Gearon (18 October 2013).
6086:. Springer. pp. 101, 120.
5936:. John Murray, London. p.
5864:, President and Provost of UCL)
5130:William Tooke (November 1835).
4789:Angela Jameson (4 April 2015).
4508:Student Life in a Class Society
4466:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
4266:
4246:
4218:
4198:
4177:
4142:
4107:
4072:
4053:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
4040:
4018:
4002:
3992:Mosheim, Johann Lorenz (1841).
3985:
3748:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
3690:
3527:
3504:
3481:
3429:
3411:
3385:
3255:
3219:
3188:
3059:
2978:
2956:
2871:
2826:
2809:
2794:
2728:
2603:
2577:
2555:
2471:
2429:
2397:
2365:
2254:Matthew Andrews (5 July 2018).
2247:
2227:Matthew Andrews (1 June 2018).
2164:
2137:
2093:"Plans for a College in Durham"
1891:
1565:
1186:European University Association
1154:Municipal Corporations Act 1835
936:: First Durham degrees awarded
427:Municipal Corporations Act 1835
159:Following the establishment of
9453:King's College London Business
9110:Christopher Geidt, Baron Geidt
8946:Faculty of Arts and Humanities
8690:Hospital for Tropical Diseases
8593:
8347:
8035:School of Energy and Resources
8000:Faculty of Arts and Humanities
7681:Saint James School of Medicine
6813:Norwich University of the Arts
6706:The London mechanics' register
6477:. Archives Hub. Archived from
4812:Howard Lake (24 August 2015).
4766:Ben Judge (11 February 2015).
4415:. 10 January 1945 – via
4321:Hartlepool Northern Daily Mail
3580:Dickens's Dictionary of London
3267:The Church of England Magazine
3017:. 30 June 2009. Archived from
2060:
2038:
2016:
2001:
1984:
1953:
1934:. BBC News. 11 September 2016.
1874:
1729:Birkbeck, University of London
1697:Birmingham Workhouse Infirmary
1021:at the committee stage of the
13:
1:
9383:Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
9075:Twins Early Development Study
8796:Science and Engineering South
8136:Centre for Digital Humanities
7138:University College Birmingham
7023:University of the Arts London
6222:. A&C Black. p. 28.
5905:. In Charles J. Russo (ed.).
4956:"King's College London Guide"
4684:"Split over power shake-up".
4545:. A&C Black. p. 12.
4491:Dod's Parliamentary Companion
4339:"Durham University Centenary"
3818:Sir William Hamilton (1853).
3789:Sir William Hamilton (1853).
3697:Sam Kiley (1 December 1988).
3611:. Athlone Press. pp. xv.
3592:University of London (1912).
3458:University of London (1912).
2801:Cobb Hearnshaw, F.J. (1929).
2764:Cobb Hearnshaw, F.J. (1929).
1913:
1849:University of Wales, Lampeter
1829:alongside the Inns of Court.
1101:over the last 20 years. Both
154:
10193:History of Durham University
9601:Vice-Chancellor & Warden
9352:University Hospital Lewisham
9201:King's College London Chapel
8626:Great Ormond Street Hospital
8073:Faculty of Medical Sciences
7888:University and College Union
7816:Colleges within universities
6867:Institute of Cancer Research
6501:"History of the institution"
6373:. p. 11. Archived from
4489:"Dublin%2C+trinity+college"
2095:. Durham World Heritage Site
2070:. Durham World Heritage Site
1827:Third Universitie of England
1347:St David's College, Lampeter
1082:Society of Chemical Industry
379:History of Durham University
131:in England was the medieval
7:
10213:Higher education in England
9780:Institute of Advanced Study
8725:University College Hospital
8718:UCH Macmillan Cancer Centre
8319:Slade Professor of Fine Art
8239:Institute of Jewish Studies
8234:Institute for Global Health
7325:Arts University Bournemouth
6337:. p. 1. Archived from
4282:. 13 June 1914 – via
4184:Charles Robert Dod (1855).
3686:. Boydell Press. p. 8.
3671:. A&C Black. p. 7.
3667:Thompson, F. M. L. (1990).
3656:. Boydell Press. p. 1.
2024:"The oddest name in Oxford"
1960:Drew Gray (17 April 2013).
1832:
1743:and Owen's College) to the
1720:Liverpool Royal Institution
1705:Queen's College, Birmingham
1496:the whole members of a body
1464:'s definition of mediaeval
1320:the Scottish universities.
1019:Chancellor of the Exchequer
565:
418:in 1838 for his support as
359:Associate of King's College
171:was founded in 1261 with a
127:The third university to be
10:
10249:
10131:Teikyo University of Japan
9795:Wolfson Research Institute
9179:Gordon Museum of Pathology
8249:Institute of Ophthalmology
8011:Faculty of Brain Sciences
7778:List by date of foundation
6634:. University of Sunderland
6612:. University of Manchester
6565:. Leeds Beckett University
6425:Finch, Sir Ernest (1957).
6305:10.1016/j.ijsu.2011.04.002
6204:Durham was founded in 1832
6191:. Routledge. p. 171.
6164:. Routledge. p. 524.
6135:. Routledge. p. 486.
5842:10.14324/111.9781910634011
5356:. University of Cambridge.
5309:Cambridge University Press
5258:Cambridge University Press
5056:"Your verdict - not funny"
4442:. 2 July 1949 – via
4323:. 20 May 1931 – via
3935:, 22 May 1832, col. 1215:
3765:Charles Wetherell (1834).
3203:Cambridge University Press
3195:John Venn (15 May 2011) .
2280:(4th ed.). UCL Press.
2150:. Routledge. p. 155.
2123:. Routledge. p. 136.
1385:quality of a university").
1368:" a plurality of masters";
1297:James Finlay Weir Johnston
503:Mr. Attorney General Yorke
444:
376:
357:, or (from 1834) took the
342:
283:
271:History of the foundations
10144:
10098:
10047:
10010:
9949:
9896:
9823:
9745:
9638:
9627:
9579:
9481:
9405:
9360:
9292:
9285:
9231:
9164:
9083:
9030:Department of War Studies
8988:
8977:
8921:
8910:
8832:
8811:University College School
8748:
8607:
8603:
8588:
8539:
8487:
8465:
8377:Church of Christ the King
8357:
8353:
8342:
8267:
8204:
8116:
7990:
7986:
7971:
7964:University College London
7901:
7858:Student Radio Association
7765:
7729:
7709:
7666:Cayman Islands Law School
7651:
7638:Wales Trinity Saint David
7598:
7505:
7482:
7317:
7161:
7045:
6935:
6835:
6826:
6770:
6761:
6014:10.1017/s0007087400013911
5836:. UCL Press. p. 11.
5762:. University of Edinburgh
5590:. Grigg, Elliot and Comp.
4560:(originally published by
4444:British Newspaper Archive
4417:British Newspaper Archive
4325:British Newspaper Archive
4284:British Newspaper Archive
4168:British Newspaper Archive
4133:British Newspaper Archive
4098:British Newspaper Archive
4081:"The Victoria University"
4067:brother towards the elder
3883:10.1017/S0038713412001947
3699:"Bogus degrees crackdown"
3682:Wilson, F. M. G. (2004).
3652:Wilson, F. M. G. (2004).
3263:"University Intelligence"
2897:British Newspaper Archive
2423:British Newspaper Archive
2391:British Newspaper Archive
2334:University College London
2306:. London: A&C Black.
1991:Leach, Arthur F. (1911).
1966:University of Northampton
1714:institutions such as the
1701:Birmingham Medical School
990:
977:
946:
915:
884:
823:
764:
685:
623:
485:Education Reform Act 1988
280:University College London
216:Brasenose College, Oxford
169:University of Northampton
141:University of Northampton
133:University of Northampton
114:University College London
74:University College London
10228:Controversies in England
9468:Roman Baths, Strand Lane
9216:Somerset House East Wing
9134:Archbishop of Canterbury
9105:Chairman of the Council:
9025:Department of Philosophy
8509:University College Opera
8229:Institute of Archaeology
8219:Eastman Dental Institute
8161:Department of Philosophy
8055:Faculty of Life Sciences
8005:Slade School of Fine Art
7848:Scottish Funding Council
7686:St. Matthew's University
7425:Arts University Plymouth
7365:Canterbury Christ Church
6917:School of Advanced Study
6912:Royal Veterinary College
6654:"Our history and values"
5830:Gillian Furlong (2015).
5781:Richard Gameson (2007).
5742:Univ, Edinburgh (1869).
5650:William Masters (1862).
4574:"Battle of the oldies".
4387:Digital Library of India
3607:F. M. G. Wilson (1995).
1945:Cobban, Alan B. (1988).
1868:
1760:University of Sunderland
1755:, also founded in 1824.
1737:University of Manchester
1733:Leeds Beckett University
1693:University of Birmingham
1575:Constituent institutions
1043:Richard Claverhouse Jebb
617:: Foundation stone laid
9463:Queen Elizabeth College
9320:King's College Hospital
9305:Francis Crick Institute
9272:Students' Union (KCLSU)
9184:Museum of Life Sciences
8683:Eastman Dental Hospital
8654:The Royal Free Hospital
8640:Moorfields Eye Hospital
8615:Francis Crick Institute
8146:Centre for Neuroimaging
7787:Third-oldest in England
7264:Manchester Metropolitan
4978:"King's College London"
4028:. The National Archives
3436:Britain, Great (1837).
2880:"King's College London"
2341:. 1843. pp. 23–24.
2179:Oxford University Press
2008:McKisack, May (1963) .
1716:University of Liverpool
1648:and which relocated to
1630:Imperial College London
1620:was founded in 1447 by
1490:Hamilton claimed that "
1188:'s four-volume series,
1131:Judging a university's
218:tried to establish the
9957:Assembly Rooms Theatre
9835:Durham Student Theatre
9330:Bethlem Royal Hospital
9315:King's Health Partners
9223:King George III Museum
9146:List of notable alumni
9010:Department of Classics
8473:List of notable people
8244:Institute of Neurology
8103:Institute of Education
7008:Royal College of Music
6897:Royal Academy of Music
6877:London Business School
6563:"History and Heritage"
6158:"University of Durham"
6129:"University of Durham"
5874:William Whyte (2015).
5653:Manual on Universities
5584:Will Grimshaw (1848).
5506:James Knowles (1845).
5111:. 6. Durham University
5030:"Conservative Society"
4748:"North East England".
4622:Durham Business School
4212:University of Aberdeen
3637:Harte, Negley (2010).
3622:Harte, Negley (2010).
3473:Harte, Negley (2010).
3309:Joseph Chitty (1829).
3283:Joseph Chitty (1829).
3045:Times Higher Education
2816:Gordon Huelin (1978).
2779:Banerjee, Jacqueline.
2563:"Journal of Education"
2171:William Whyte (2015).
1594:In the same vein, the
1579:The medical school of
1482:Degree awarding powers
1456:Teaching and residents
1272:Dictionary definitions
1064:
1039:University of Aberdeen
487:. When Brougham (then
478:Degree awarding powers
290:Following attempts by
240:Durham College, Oxford
220:University of Stamford
212:
9972:Museum of Archaeology
9695:St Hild & St Bede
9378:King's College School
8903:King's College London
8756:Alan Turing Institute
8151:The Constitution Unit
7555:Highlands and Islands
7249:Liverpool John Moores
6519:"The History of LJMU"
5953:Comparative Education
5811:Nigel Watson (2007).
5717:. J. Taylor. p.
5711:Henry Malden (1835).
5421:. OED. Archived from
5250:Walter RĂĽegg (2004).
5208:on 11 February 2015.
4156:The Dundee Advertiser
4116:"Victoria University"
3247:C.E. Whiting (1932).
2950:King's College London
2885:The Evening Chronicle
1778:to the present day".
1682:Mechanics' Institutes
1674:redbrick universities
1652:, four miles west of
1600:King's College London
1351:Ministry of Education
1127:Defining a university
1069:Arthur William Rucker
1055:
1004:History of the debate
704:21 & 28 September
339:King's College London
207:
122:King's College London
116:as it was founded as
88:King's College London
10070:Michael Ramsey Chair
9616:The Bishop of Durham
9418:Aldwych tube station
8914:University of London
8816:University of London
8740:Whittington Hospital
8442:Tottenham Court Road
8186:London Knowledge Lab
8042:School of Management
7821:Degree abbreviations
7653:Overseas territories
7623:Cardiff Metropolitan
7003:Royal College of Art
6507:on 21 December 2010.
6380:on 24 September 2015
5556:: 328. January 1859.
5529:Idea of a University
5447:. Collins Dictionary
4505:Joan Abbott (1971).
4303:. 1930. p. 254.
4280:Liverpool Daily Post
4258:. 1907. p. 66.
3577:Charles Dickens, Jr.
3269:. Vol. 4. 1838.
3021:on 21 September 2015
2942:John Parker (1896).
1751:) to the Manchester
1678:University of London
1330:concept of education
1314:Idea of a University
1305:Johnson's Dictionary
1159:University of London
515:Sir William Hamilton
441:University of London
319:University of London
165:Cambridge University
106:University of London
58:University of London
10027:Bishop Cosin's Hall
9748:research institutes
9393:Thomas Young Centre
9347:St Thomas' Hospital
8801:Thomas Young Centre
8531:Students' Union UCL
7979:Academic activities
7831:Office for Students
7360:Buckinghamshire New
6656:. Durham University
6344:on 16 December 2011
5601:John Craig (1849).
5523:John Henry Newman.
5084:. Firefly New Media
4873:"Durham University"
4752:. 6 February 2015.
4377:on 28 February 2017
4275:"Modern University"
4226:Sir Richard C. Jebb
3998:. pp. 503–505.
3973:. Durham University
3951:. Durham University
3573:Hand-Book of London
3339:. Durham University
2923:on 30 December 2014
2617:. 24 September 1931
2565:. 1888. p. 424
2506:. pp. 462–466.
2467:. pp. 462–466.
2439:. 1835. p. 708
2406:"London University"
2374:"London University"
2026:. Brasenose College
1863:Medieval university
1796:early modern period
1753:Mechanics Institute
1608:St Thomas' Hospital
1450:joint stock company
1027:Victoria University
545:William van Mildert
414:, was conferred on
412:Doctor of Civil Law
400:Licence in Theology
297:joint-stock company
149:New College, Durham
145:Stamford University
9997:University Library
9810:University Library
9035:Digital Classicist
8402:Halls of residence
8372:Bloomsbury Theatre
8325:Transcribe Bentham
8303:Public Archaeology
8061:School of Pharmacy
7991:Faculties, schools
7711:Crown dependencies
7545:Glasgow Caledonian
7440:Royal Agricultural
7179:Central Lancashire
7068:Bishop Grosseteste
6610:"History of UMIST"
5833:Treasures from UCL
5631:on 14 January 2016
5176:on 30 October 2013
5010:. 17 December 2014
4618:. 1 October 2001.
4578:. 28 August 1998.
4406:"A View of Durham"
4026:"Medical Act 1858"
3537:. 1843. p. 28
2990:Legislation.gov.uk
2966:. 1912. p. 23
2615:Archives.ucl.ac.uk
2591:on 30 January 2008
2413:. 12 December 1831
2381:. 15 February 1831
1858:Ancient university
1626:Archbishop of York
1518:ius ubique docendi
1514:jus ubique docendi
1440:title through the
1282:Collins Dictionary
1065:
1031:Duke of Devonshire
539:ius ubique docendi
535:jus ubique docendi
10180:
10179:
10126:Palatinate purple
10121:Higginson Lecture
10090:Van Mildert Chair
9572:Durham University
9537:
9536:
9438:Creighton Lecture
9401:
9400:
9340:Maudsley Hospital
9151:List of chaplains
8868:
8867:
8828:
8827:
8824:
8823:
8761:Anna Freud Centre
8584:
8583:
8580:
8579:
8503:The Cheese Grater
8338:
8337:
8334:
8333:
7929:
7928:
7839:
7811:List by enrolment
7806:List by endowment
7802:
7478:
7477:
7041:
7040:
6973:London South Bank
6462:Hunterian Oration
5965:10.1080/713656597
5682:Hastings Rashdall
5425:on 24 August 2012
4985:. 5 August 2014.
4670:. 11 April 2007.
4668:The Northern Echo
4228:(November 1905).
4121:The Leeds Mercury
3851:Hastings Rashdall
3367:Durham University
2736:"Council minutes"
2481:. 1912. p. 9
2411:Newcastle Courant
1853:England and Wales
1782:Figurative claims
1764:Durham University
1699:, a precursor to
1638:Durham University
1551:Sir John Marriott
1462:Hastings Rashdall
1356:Chancery Division
1342:Mr Justice Vaisey
1310:John Henry Newman
1265:
1264:
1147:Formal definition
1137:Act of Parliament
1061:All Souls College
998:
997:
531:Hastings Rashdall
384:Durham University
373:Durham University
195:siege of the town
191:Simon de Montfort
161:Oxford University
118:London University
102:Durham University
44:Durham University
16:(Redirected from
10240:
10223:1830s in England
10218:1820s in England
10172:
10166:
10165:
10157:
10152:
10151:
10014:
9827:
9790:Energy Institute
9670:Josephine Butler
9642:
9633:
9583:
9573:
9564:
9557:
9550:
9541:
9540:
9529:
9525:
9517:
9513:
9505:
9501:
9500:
9493:
9489:
9488:
9335:Lambeth Hospital
9290:
9289:
9122:Ellen Clark-King
8983:
8936:Dental Institute
8915:
8904:
8895:
8888:
8881:
8872:
8871:
8859:
8854:
8853:
8845:
8840:
8839:
8734:
8727:
8720:
8713:
8706:
8699:
8692:
8685:
8656:
8642:
8628:
8605:
8604:
8597:
8590:
8589:
8437:Tavistock Square
8412:Holmbury St Mary
8355:
8354:
8344:
8343:
8196:Urban Laboratory
8097:
8080:
8063:
8044:
8037:
8018:
8008:
7988:
7987:
7980:
7973:
7972:
7965:
7956:
7949:
7942:
7933:
7932:
7919:
7918:
7909:
7908:
7833:
7780:
7590:West of Scotland
7535:Edinburgh Napier
7484:Northern Ireland
7289:Sheffield Hallam
7128:Nottingham Trent
6852:City St George's
6833:
6832:
6768:
6767:
6748:
6741:
6734:
6725:
6724:
6719:
6718:
6716:
6714:
6701:
6695:
6694:
6672:
6666:
6665:
6663:
6661:
6650:
6644:
6643:
6641:
6639:
6628:
6622:
6621:
6619:
6617:
6606:
6600:
6599:
6597:
6595:
6589:Manchester.ac.uk
6581:
6575:
6574:
6572:
6570:
6559:
6553:
6552:
6550:
6548:
6537:
6531:
6530:
6528:
6526:
6515:
6509:
6508:
6503:. Archived from
6497:
6491:
6490:
6488:
6486:
6471:
6465:
6459:
6449:
6431:
6422:
6416:
6415:
6413:
6411:
6396:
6390:
6389:
6387:
6385:
6379:
6368:
6360:
6354:
6353:
6351:
6349:
6343:
6335:Thegarret.org.uk
6332:
6324:
6318:
6317:
6307:
6283:
6277:
6276:
6274:
6272:
6261:
6255:
6254:
6244:
6238:
6236:
6213:
6207:
6206:
6182:
6176:
6175:
6153:
6147:
6146:
6124:
6118:
6117:
6111:
6107:
6105:
6097:
6077:
6071:
6070:
6051:
6045:
6044:
5997:
5988:
5987:
5948:
5942:
5941:
5927:
5921:
5920:
5898:
5892:
5891:
5871:
5865:
5859:
5827:
5821:
5820:
5808:
5802:
5801:
5778:
5772:
5771:
5769:
5767:
5756:
5750:
5749:
5739:
5733:
5729:
5723:
5722:
5708:
5702:
5701:
5678:
5672:
5671:
5664:
5658:
5657:
5647:
5641:
5640:
5638:
5636:
5630:
5624:. Archived from
5623:
5615:
5609:
5608:
5598:
5592:
5591:
5581:
5575:
5574:
5564:
5558:
5557:
5542:
5533:
5532:
5520:
5514:
5513:
5503:
5497:
5496:
5483:
5477:
5476:
5463:
5457:
5456:
5454:
5452:
5441:
5435:
5434:
5432:
5430:
5415:
5409:
5408:
5397:
5388:
5387:
5385:
5383:
5369:
5358:
5357:
5352:Anderson, Ross.
5349:
5343:
5342:
5336:
5332:
5330:
5322:
5298:
5292:
5291:
5285:
5281:
5279:
5271:
5247:
5238:
5237:
5219:
5213:
5212:
5192:
5186:
5185:
5183:
5181:
5164:
5158:
5157:
5151:
5147:
5145:
5137:
5127:
5121:
5120:
5118:
5116:
5100:
5094:
5093:
5091:
5089:
5073:
5067:
5066:
5051:
5045:
5044:
5042:
5040:
5026:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5015:
5000:
4994:
4993:
4980:
4973:
4967:
4966:
4951:
4945:
4944:
4939:
4937:
4923:
4917:
4916:
4911:
4909:
4895:
4889:
4888:
4880:. 24 July 2014.
4875:
4868:
4862:
4861:
4853:. 21 July 2014.
4848:
4841:
4835:
4831:
4825:
4824:
4809:
4803:
4802:
4786:
4780:
4779:
4763:
4757:
4756:
4745:
4739:
4738:
4721:
4715:
4714:
4699:
4693:
4692:
4681:
4675:
4674:
4663:
4657:
4656:
4641:
4635:
4634:
4611:
4605:
4604:
4593:
4587:
4586:
4571:
4565:
4559:
4536:
4527:
4526:
4502:
4496:
4495:
4485:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4474:
4457:
4451:
4450:
4437:
4430:
4424:
4423:
4408:
4401:
4395:
4394:
4384:
4382:
4357:
4351:
4350:
4335:
4329:
4328:
4318:
4316:"New Chancellor"
4311:
4305:
4304:
4297:
4291:
4290:
4277:
4270:
4264:
4263:
4250:
4244:
4243:
4222:
4216:
4215:
4202:
4196:
4195:
4181:
4175:
4174:
4165:
4163:
4153:
4146:
4140:
4139:
4130:
4128:
4118:
4111:
4105:
4104:
4095:
4093:
4083:
4076:
4070:
4069:
4063:
4061:
4044:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4033:
4022:
4016:
4015:
4006:
4000:
3999:
3989:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3978:
3967:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3956:
3945:
3939:
3926:
3917:
3916:
3910:
3906:
3904:
3896:
3870:
3861:
3860:
3847:
3838:
3837:
3834:Internet Archive
3831:
3829:
3815:
3809:
3808:
3805:Internet Archive
3802:
3800:
3786:
3777:
3776:
3762:
3753:
3752:
3739:
3730:
3729:
3715:
3709:
3708:
3694:
3688:
3687:
3679:
3673:
3672:
3664:
3658:
3657:
3649:
3643:
3642:
3634:
3628:
3627:
3619:
3613:
3612:
3604:
3598:
3597:
3589:
3583:
3570:Peter Cunningham
3567:
3565:
3563:
3553:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3531:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3520:
3508:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3497:
3485:
3479:
3478:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3455:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3433:
3427:
3426:
3415:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3397:Books.google.com
3389:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3369:. Archived from
3355:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3344:
3332:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3306:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3280:
3271:
3270:
3259:
3253:
3252:
3251:. Sheldon Press.
3244:
3233:
3232:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3192:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3174:Books.google.com
3165:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3115:
3102:
3101:
3091:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3071:
3063:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2922:
2915:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2894:
2892:
2882:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2776:
2770:
2769:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2740:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2710:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2669:on 10 April 2016
2659:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2636:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2559:
2553:
2515:
2509:
2507:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2458:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2420:
2418:
2408:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2388:
2386:
2376:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2356:
2352:
2350:
2342:
2329:
2318:
2317:
2297:
2282:
2281:
2277:The world of UCL
2271:
2260:
2259:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2224:
2193:
2192:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2114:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2089:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2048:(7 March 2018).
2042:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1972:on 20 April 2013
1968:. Archived from
1957:
1951:
1950:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1928:
1908:
1905:
1899:
1895:
1889:
1878:
1792:Inns of Chancery
1768:Durham Cathedral
1662:Heythrop College
1614:Priory in 1106.
1528:Academic studies
1467:studium generale
1221:
1220:
1160:
1078:Lord Londonderry
1015:Medical Act 1858
726:: King's opened
570:
569:
549:Bishop of Durham
519:Edinburgh Review
468:Royal Commission
432:
404:Bachelor of Arts
392:Durham Cathedral
261:Richard Cromwell
147:(1333–1335) and
138:
84:
70:
54:
40:
21:
10248:
10247:
10243:
10242:
10241:
10239:
10238:
10237:
10183:
10182:
10181:
10176:
10168:
10155:
10140:
10111:Durham Concerto
10094:
10065:Lightfoot Chair
10043:
10012:
10006:
9982:Oriental Museum
9945:
9892:
9867:Students' Union
9825:
9819:
9815:Cosin's Library
9747:
9746:Departments and
9741:
9640:
9634:
9625:
9581:
9575:
9571:
9568:
9538:
9533:
9527:
9515:
9503:
9491:
9477:
9397:
9368:Golden triangle
9356:
9281:
9244:Reggie the Lion
9227:
9211:Maughan Library
9206:King's Building
9166:
9160:
9079:
9055:MRC SGDP Centre
8992:
8990:
8984:
8975:
8931:Business School
8923:
8917:
8913:
8906:
8902:
8899:
8869:
8864:
8857:
8843:
8820:
8776:Golden triangle
8744:
8730:
8723:
8716:
8709:
8702:
8695:
8688:
8681:
8652:
8638:
8624:
8599:
8595:
8576:
8547:Citrus Saturday
8535:
8483:
8461:
8447:UCL Observatory
8397:Gray's Inn Road
8349:
8330:
8309:Quain Professor
8263:
8206:
8200:
8118:
8112:
8093:
8076:
8059:
8050:Faculty of Laws
8040:
8033:
8014:
8002:
7992:
7982:
7978:
7967:
7963:
7960:
7930:
7925:
7897:
7761:
7725:
7705:
7661:Bermuda College
7647:
7594:
7501:
7474:
7420:Plymouth Marjon
7395:Gloucestershire
7313:
7157:
7063:Birmingham City
7037:
6931:
6838:
6822:
6771:East of England
6757:
6752:
6722:
6712:
6710:
6703:
6702:
6698:
6691:
6673:
6669:
6659:
6657:
6652:
6651:
6647:
6637:
6635:
6630:
6629:
6625:
6615:
6613:
6608:
6607:
6603:
6593:
6591:
6583:
6582:
6578:
6568:
6566:
6561:
6560:
6556:
6546:
6544:
6539:
6538:
6534:
6524:
6522:
6517:
6516:
6512:
6499:
6498:
6494:
6484:
6482:
6481:on 4 April 2015
6473:
6472:
6468:
6429:
6423:
6419:
6409:
6407:
6398:
6397:
6393:
6383:
6381:
6377:
6366:
6362:
6361:
6357:
6347:
6345:
6341:
6330:
6326:
6325:
6321:
6284:
6280:
6270:
6268:
6263:
6262:
6258:
6245:
6241:
6230:
6214:
6210:
6199:
6183:
6179:
6172:
6154:
6150:
6143:
6125:
6121:
6109:
6108:
6099:
6098:
6094:
6078:
6074:
6052:
6048:
5998:
5991:
5949:
5945:
5928:
5924:
5917:
5903:"Great Britain"
5899:
5895:
5888:
5872:
5868:
5852:
5828:
5824:
5809:
5805:
5795:
5779:
5775:
5765:
5763:
5758:
5757:
5753:
5740:
5736:
5730:
5726:
5709:
5705:
5698:
5679:
5675:
5666:
5665:
5661:
5648:
5644:
5634:
5632:
5628:
5621:
5617:
5616:
5612:
5599:
5595:
5582:
5578:
5565:
5561:
5544:
5543:
5536:
5521:
5517:
5504:
5500:
5484:
5480:
5464:
5460:
5450:
5448:
5443:
5442:
5438:
5428:
5426:
5417:
5416:
5412:
5399:
5398:
5391:
5381:
5379:
5371:
5370:
5361:
5350:
5346:
5334:
5333:
5324:
5323:
5319:
5311:. p. 673.
5299:
5295:
5283:
5282:
5273:
5272:
5268:
5260:. p. 684.
5248:
5241:
5220:
5216:
5193:
5189:
5179:
5177:
5166:
5165:
5161:
5149:
5148:
5139:
5138:
5128:
5124:
5114:
5112:
5101:
5097:
5087:
5085:
5082:Durham Magazine
5074:
5070:
5052:
5048:
5038:
5036:
5028:
5027:
5023:
5013:
5011:
5002:
5001:
4997:
4983:The Independent
4975:
4974:
4970:
4960:Daily Telegraph
4952:
4948:
4935:
4933:
4931:Daily Telegraph
4925:
4924:
4920:
4907:
4905:
4903:Daily Telegraph
4897:
4896:
4892:
4878:The Independent
4870:
4869:
4865:
4851:The Independent
4843:
4842:
4838:
4832:
4828:
4810:
4806:
4787:
4783:
4764:
4760:
4750:Daily Telegraph
4747:
4746:
4742:
4722:
4718:
4700:
4696:
4683:
4682:
4678:
4665:
4664:
4660:
4642:
4638:
4613:
4612:
4608:
4594:
4590:
4573:
4572:
4568:
4553:
4537:
4530:
4523:
4503:
4499:
4487:
4486:
4482:
4472:
4470:
4459:
4458:
4454:
4432:
4431:
4427:
4403:
4402:
4398:
4380:
4378:
4371:British Council
4359:
4358:
4354:
4337:
4336:
4332:
4313:
4312:
4308:
4299:
4298:
4294:
4272:
4271:
4267:
4252:
4251:
4247:
4235:Popular Science
4223:
4219:
4204:
4203:
4199:
4182:
4178:
4161:
4159:
4148:
4147:
4143:
4126:
4124:
4113:
4112:
4108:
4091:
4089:
4078:
4077:
4073:
4059:
4057:
4046:
4045:
4041:
4031:
4029:
4024:
4023:
4019:
4008:
4007:
4003:
3990:
3986:
3976:
3974:
3969:
3968:
3964:
3954:
3952:
3947:
3946:
3942:
3937:Hansard website
3927:
3920:
3908:
3907:
3898:
3897:
3893:
3871:
3864:
3848:
3841:
3827:
3825:
3816:
3812:
3798:
3796:
3787:
3780:
3763:
3756:
3741:
3740:
3733:
3716:
3712:
3695:
3691:
3680:
3676:
3665:
3661:
3650:
3646:
3635:
3631:
3620:
3616:
3605:
3601:
3590:
3586:
3561:
3559:
3555:
3554:
3550:
3540:
3538:
3533:
3532:
3528:
3518:
3516:
3509:
3505:
3495:
3493:
3486:
3482:
3471:
3467:
3456:
3452:
3442:
3440:
3434:
3430:
3417:
3416:
3412:
3402:
3400:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3376:
3374:
3373:on 17 June 2006
3357:
3356:
3352:
3342:
3340:
3335:
3333:
3326:
3316:
3314:
3307:
3300:
3290:
3288:
3281:
3274:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3245:
3236:
3225:
3224:
3220:
3213:
3193:
3189:
3179:
3177:
3166:
3159:
3149:
3147:
3142:
3141:
3137:
3127:
3125:
3116:
3105:
3092:
3088:
3078:
3076:
3069:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3050:
3048:
3039:
3038:
3034:
3024:
3022:
3009:
3008:
3004:
2994:
2992:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2969:
2967:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2940:
2936:
2926:
2924:
2920:
2913:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2890:
2888:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2862:
2860:
2847:
2846:
2842:
2831:
2827:
2814:
2810:
2799:
2795:
2785:
2783:
2777:
2773:
2762:
2758:
2748:
2746:
2738:
2734:
2733:
2729:
2719:
2717:
2716:. 11 March 2019
2712:
2711:
2704:
2694:
2692:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2672:
2670:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2648:
2637:
2630:
2620:
2618:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2594:
2592:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2568:
2566:
2561:
2560:
2556:
2516:
2512:
2498:
2494:
2484:
2482:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2459:
2452:
2442:
2440:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2416:
2414:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2384:
2382:
2379:Chester Courant
2371:
2370:
2366:
2354:
2353:
2344:
2343:
2331:
2330:
2321:
2314:
2298:
2285:
2272:
2263:
2252:
2248:
2241:
2225:
2196:
2189:
2169:
2165:
2158:
2142:
2138:
2131:
2115:
2108:
2098:
2096:
2091:
2090:
2083:
2073:
2071:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2043:
2039:
2029:
2027:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2006:
2002:
1989:
1985:
1975:
1973:
1958:
1954:
1949:. Scolar Press.
1943:
1939:
1930:
1929:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1902:
1896:
1892:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1835:
1819:Gresham College
1784:
1686:medical schools
1670:
1577:
1568:
1530:
1484:
1476:Open University
1458:
1442:Companies House
1437:
1338:
1336:Vaisey criteria
1274:
1200:
1158:
1149:
1129:
1115:Durham Magazine
1107:Daily Telegraph
1103:The Independent
1090:British Council
1023:Reform Act 1867
1006:
568:
493:Mr. Bickersteth
489:Lord Chancellor
480:
449:
443:
430:
381:
375:
347:
341:
288:
282:
273:
249:Oliver Cromwell
244:Gresham College
157:
94:
93:
92:
91:
90:
85:
77:
76:
71:
62:
61:
60:
55:
47:
46:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10246:
10236:
10235:
10230:
10225:
10220:
10215:
10210:
10205:
10200:
10195:
10178:
10177:
10175:
10174:
10160:
10145:
10142:
10141:
10139:
10138:
10133:
10128:
10123:
10118:
10113:
10108:
10106:Academic dress
10102:
10100:
10096:
10095:
10093:
10092:
10087:
10085:St Hilda Chair
10082:
10077:
10072:
10067:
10062:
10057:
10055:Al-Sabah Chair
10051:
10049:
10045:
10044:
10042:
10041:
10034:
10029:
10024:
10018:
10016:
10008:
10007:
10005:
10004:
9999:
9994:
9989:
9984:
9979:
9974:
9969:
9964:
9962:Botanic Garden
9959:
9953:
9951:
9947:
9946:
9944:
9943:
9942:
9941:
9933:
9932:
9931:
9926:
9924:Men's Lacrosse
9921:
9916:
9911:
9900:
9898:
9894:
9893:
9891:
9890:
9885:
9880:
9875:
9869:
9864:
9859:
9854:
9849:
9844:
9837:
9831:
9829:
9821:
9820:
9818:
9817:
9812:
9807:
9802:
9797:
9792:
9787:
9782:
9777:
9772:
9767:
9762:
9757:
9751:
9749:
9743:
9742:
9740:
9739:
9734:
9729:
9724:
9719:
9714:
9709:
9708:
9707:
9697:
9692:
9687:
9682:
9677:
9672:
9667:
9662:
9657:
9652:
9646:
9644:
9636:
9635:
9628:
9626:
9624:
9623:
9618:
9613:
9608:
9603:
9598:
9593:
9587:
9585:
9577:
9576:
9567:
9566:
9559:
9552:
9544:
9535:
9534:
9532:
9531:
9519:
9507:
9495:
9482:
9479:
9478:
9476:
9475:
9470:
9465:
9460:
9455:
9450:
9445:
9440:
9435:
9430:
9425:
9420:
9415:
9409:
9407:
9403:
9402:
9399:
9398:
9396:
9395:
9390:
9385:
9380:
9375:
9370:
9364:
9362:
9358:
9357:
9355:
9354:
9349:
9344:
9343:
9342:
9337:
9332:
9322:
9317:
9312:
9310:Guy's Hospital
9307:
9302:
9296:
9294:
9287:
9283:
9282:
9280:
9279:
9274:
9269:
9264:
9259:
9254:
9246:
9241:
9235:
9233:
9229:
9228:
9226:
9225:
9220:
9219:
9218:
9213:
9208:
9203:
9198:
9188:
9187:
9186:
9181:
9170:
9168:
9162:
9161:
9159:
9158:
9153:
9148:
9143:
9137:
9136:
9124:
9112:
9100:
9087:
9085:
9081:
9080:
9078:
9077:
9072:
9067:
9062:
9057:
9052:
9047:
9042:
9037:
9032:
9027:
9022:
9017:
9012:
9007:
9002:
8996:
8994:
8986:
8985:
8978:
8976:
8974:
8973:
8968:
8963:
8958:
8953:
8948:
8943:
8938:
8933:
8927:
8925:
8919:
8918:
8911:
8908:
8907:
8898:
8897:
8890:
8883:
8875:
8866:
8865:
8863:
8862:
8848:
8833:
8830:
8829:
8826:
8825:
8822:
8821:
8819:
8818:
8813:
8808:
8803:
8798:
8793:
8788:
8783:
8778:
8773:
8768:
8763:
8758:
8752:
8750:
8746:
8745:
8743:
8742:
8737:
8736:
8735:
8728:
8721:
8714:
8707:
8700:
8693:
8686:
8674:
8669:
8664:
8659:
8658:
8657:
8645:
8644:
8643:
8631:
8630:
8629:
8617:
8611:
8609:
8601:
8600:
8586:
8585:
8582:
8581:
8578:
8577:
8575:
8574:
8569:
8564:
8559:
8557:Filming at UCL
8554:
8549:
8543:
8541:
8537:
8536:
8534:
8533:
8528:
8523:
8518:
8511:
8506:
8499:
8493:
8491:
8485:
8484:
8482:
8481:
8478:Michael Spence
8475:
8469:
8467:
8463:
8462:
8460:
8459:
8454:
8449:
8444:
8439:
8434:
8429:
8424:
8419:
8414:
8409:
8404:
8399:
8394:
8389:
8384:
8379:
8374:
8369:
8363:
8361:
8351:
8350:
8340:
8339:
8336:
8335:
8332:
8331:
8329:
8328:
8321:
8316:
8311:
8306:
8299:
8294:
8287:
8282:
8277:
8271:
8269:
8265:
8264:
8262:
8261:
8256:
8251:
8246:
8241:
8236:
8231:
8226:
8221:
8216:
8210:
8208:
8205:Institutes and
8202:
8201:
8199:
8198:
8193:
8188:
8183:
8178:
8173:
8168:
8163:
8158:
8153:
8148:
8143:
8138:
8133:
8128:
8122:
8120:
8114:
8113:
8111:
8110:
8105:
8100:
8099:
8098:
8086:
8083:
8082:
8081:
8078:Medical School
8071:
8066:
8065:
8064:
8052:
8047:
8046:
8045:
8038:
8026:
8021:
8020:
8019:
8009:
7996:
7994:
7984:
7983:
7969:
7968:
7959:
7958:
7951:
7944:
7936:
7927:
7926:
7924:
7923:
7913:
7902:
7899:
7898:
7896:
7895:
7890:
7885:
7880:
7875:
7870:
7865:
7860:
7855:
7850:
7845:
7840:
7828:
7823:
7818:
7813:
7808:
7803:
7775:
7769:
7767:
7763:
7762:
7760:
7759:
7754:
7749:
7744:
7739:
7733:
7731:
7730:Non-geographic
7727:
7726:
7724:
7723:
7715:
7713:
7707:
7706:
7704:
7703:
7698:
7693:
7688:
7683:
7678:
7673:
7668:
7663:
7657:
7655:
7649:
7648:
7646:
7645:
7640:
7635:
7630:
7625:
7620:
7615:
7610:
7604:
7602:
7596:
7595:
7593:
7592:
7587:
7582:
7577:
7572:
7567:
7562:
7560:Queen Margaret
7557:
7552:
7547:
7542:
7537:
7532:
7527:
7522:
7517:
7511:
7509:
7503:
7502:
7500:
7499:
7494:
7488:
7486:
7480:
7479:
7476:
7475:
7473:
7472:
7467:
7462:
7457:
7452:
7447:
7442:
7437:
7432:
7427:
7422:
7417:
7412:
7410:Oxford Brookes
7407:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7382:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7352:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7321:
7319:
7315:
7314:
7312:
7311:
7306:
7301:
7296:
7291:
7286:
7281:
7276:
7271:
7266:
7261:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7244:Liverpool Hope
7241:
7236:
7231:
7226:
7221:
7216:
7211:
7206:
7201:
7196:
7191:
7186:
7181:
7176:
7171:
7165:
7163:
7159:
7158:
7156:
7155:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7130:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7110:
7105:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7085:
7080:
7075:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7055:
7049:
7047:
7043:
7042:
7039:
7038:
7036:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6970:
6965:
6960:
6955:
6950:
6945:
6939:
6937:
6933:
6932:
6930:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6907:Royal Holloway
6904:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6854:
6849:
6843:
6841:
6830:
6824:
6823:
6821:
6820:
6815:
6810:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6774:
6772:
6765:
6759:
6758:
6751:
6750:
6743:
6736:
6728:
6721:
6720:
6696:
6689:
6667:
6645:
6623:
6601:
6576:
6554:
6532:
6510:
6492:
6466:
6417:
6406:. 18 July 2015
6391:
6355:
6319:
6298:(5): 414–427.
6278:
6256:
6239:
6228:
6208:
6197:
6177:
6170:
6148:
6141:
6119:
6092:
6072:
6046:
5989:
5943:
5922:
5915:
5893:
5886:
5866:
5862:Michael Arthur
5850:
5822:
5803:
5793:
5773:
5751:
5734:
5724:
5703:
5696:
5673:
5659:
5642:
5610:
5593:
5576:
5559:
5534:
5515:
5498:
5487:Samuel Johnson
5478:
5467:Samuel Johnson
5458:
5436:
5410:
5389:
5359:
5344:
5317:
5293:
5266:
5239:
5214:
5187:
5159:
5122:
5095:
5068:
5046:
5021:
4995:
4968:
4946:
4918:
4890:
4863:
4836:
4826:
4804:
4781:
4758:
4740:
4731:New York Times
4716:
4694:
4688:. 4 May 2007.
4676:
4658:
4636:
4606:
4588:
4566:
4551:
4528:
4521:
4513:Pergamon Press
4497:
4480:
4452:
4435:"Universities"
4425:
4396:
4352:
4330:
4306:
4292:
4265:
4245:
4217:
4197:
4176:
4158:. 15 July 1880
4141:
4123:. 15 July 1880
4106:
4088:. 15 July 1880
4071:
4056:. 17 June 1867
4039:
4017:
4001:
3984:
3962:
3940:
3933:House of Lords
3918:
3891:
3862:
3839:
3810:
3778:
3754:
3751:. 4 July 1833.
3731:
3710:
3689:
3674:
3659:
3644:
3629:
3614:
3599:
3584:
3548:
3526:
3503:
3480:
3465:
3450:
3428:
3410:
3384:
3363:The University
3350:
3324:
3298:
3272:
3254:
3234:
3218:
3211:
3187:
3157:
3135:
3118:J. T. Fowler.
3103:
3086:
3058:
3047:. 10 July 2008
3032:
3002:
2977:
2955:
2934:
2902:
2887:. 30 June 1835
2870:
2859:on 22 May 2007
2840:
2825:
2808:
2793:
2771:
2756:
2745:. 19 June 2023
2727:
2702:
2680:
2654:
2651:, pp. 3–6
2642:(March 2005),
2640:Grant, Malcolm
2628:
2602:
2576:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2540:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2510:
2492:
2470:
2450:
2428:
2396:
2364:
2319:
2312:
2283:
2261:
2246:
2239:
2194:
2187:
2181:. p. 31.
2163:
2156:
2136:
2129:
2106:
2081:
2059:
2046:Whyte, William
2037:
2015:
2000:
1983:
1952:
1937:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1900:
1890:
1884:(by 1167) and
1872:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1846:
1841:
1834:
1831:
1783:
1780:
1669:
1666:
1612:St Mary Overie
1596:medical school
1576:
1573:
1567:
1564:
1529:
1526:
1483:
1480:
1457:
1454:
1436:
1433:
1429:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1387:
1386:
1383:most essential
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1354:(1951) in the
1337:
1334:
1273:
1270:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1234:
1233:Incorporation
1231:
1228:
1225:
1199:
1198:Royal charters
1196:
1171:Dearing Report
1166:Robbins Report
1148:
1145:
1128:
1125:
1073:Viscount Bryce
1005:
1002:
996:
995:
989:
987:
983:
982:
976:
974:
970:
969:
967:
965:
959:
956:
955:
953:
951:
944:
943:
941:
939:
937:
930:
929:
927:
925:
923:
917:
913:
912:
910:
904:
898:
896:
892:
891:
889:
883:
880:
879:
877:
875:
873:
866:
865:
859:
857:
855:
852:
851:
849:
847:
845:
838:
837:
835:
829:
827:
825:
821:
820:
818:
816:
814:
807:
806:
804:
798:
796:
793:
792:
790:
788:
786:
779:
778:
772:
770:
768:
766:
762:
761:
759:
757:
755:
749:
745:
744:
742:
740:
738:
732:
728:
727:
721:
719:
717:
714:
713:
711:
709:
707:
700:
699:
697:
691:
689:
687:
683:
682:
680:
677:
675:
673:
669:
668:
662:
660:
658:
656:
652:
651:
649:
643:
641:
638:
637:
631:
629:
627:
625:
621:
620:
618:
612:
610:
608:
604:
603:
601:
595:
593:
591:
587:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
567:
564:
560:Lord Melbourne
556:Prime Minister
479:
476:
445:Main article:
442:
439:
420:Prime Minister
408:Master of Arts
377:Main article:
374:
371:
355:Royal Colleges
343:Main article:
340:
337:
292:Henry Brougham
284:Main article:
281:
278:
272:
269:
253:letters patent
185:, dating from
163:(by 1167) and
156:
153:
86:
79:
78:
72:
65:
64:
63:
56:
49:
48:
42:
35:
34:
33:
32:
31:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10245:
10234:
10231:
10229:
10226:
10224:
10221:
10219:
10216:
10214:
10211:
10209:
10206:
10204:
10201:
10199:
10196:
10194:
10191:
10190:
10188:
10173:
10171:
10161:
10159:
10158:
10147:
10146:
10143:
10137:
10134:
10132:
10129:
10127:
10124:
10122:
10119:
10117:
10114:
10112:
10109:
10107:
10104:
10103:
10101:
10097:
10091:
10088:
10086:
10083:
10081:
10080:Sharjah Chair
10078:
10076:
10073:
10071:
10068:
10066:
10063:
10061:
10058:
10056:
10053:
10052:
10050:
10046:
10040:
10039:
10035:
10033:
10032:Ushaw College
10030:
10028:
10025:
10023:
10020:
10019:
10017:
10015:
10009:
10003:
10000:
9998:
9995:
9993:
9992:Maiden Castle
9990:
9988:
9985:
9983:
9980:
9978:
9975:
9973:
9970:
9968:
9965:
9963:
9960:
9958:
9955:
9954:
9952:
9948:
9940:
9937:
9936:
9935:Competitions
9934:
9930:
9927:
9925:
9922:
9920:
9917:
9915:
9912:
9910:
9907:
9906:
9905:
9902:
9901:
9899:
9895:
9889:
9886:
9884:
9881:
9879:
9876:
9873:
9870:
9868:
9865:
9863:
9860:
9858:
9855:
9853:
9850:
9848:
9845:
9843:
9842:
9838:
9836:
9833:
9832:
9830:
9828:
9822:
9816:
9813:
9811:
9808:
9806:
9803:
9801:
9798:
9796:
9793:
9791:
9788:
9786:
9783:
9781:
9778:
9776:
9773:
9771:
9768:
9766:
9763:
9761:
9758:
9756:
9753:
9752:
9750:
9744:
9738:
9735:
9733:
9730:
9728:
9725:
9723:
9720:
9718:
9715:
9713:
9710:
9706:
9703:
9702:
9701:
9698:
9696:
9693:
9691:
9690:St Cuthbert's
9688:
9686:
9683:
9681:
9678:
9676:
9673:
9671:
9668:
9666:
9663:
9661:
9658:
9656:
9653:
9651:
9648:
9647:
9645:
9643:
9637:
9632:
9622:
9619:
9617:
9614:
9612:
9609:
9607:
9606:Karen O'Brien
9604:
9602:
9599:
9597:
9594:
9592:
9589:
9588:
9586:
9584:
9578:
9574:
9565:
9560:
9558:
9553:
9551:
9546:
9545:
9542:
9530:
9524:
9520:
9518:
9512:
9508:
9506:
9496:
9494:
9484:
9483:
9480:
9474:
9471:
9469:
9466:
9464:
9461:
9459:
9456:
9454:
9451:
9449:
9446:
9444:
9441:
9439:
9436:
9434:
9431:
9429:
9426:
9424:
9421:
9419:
9416:
9414:
9411:
9410:
9408:
9404:
9394:
9391:
9389:
9388:Russell Group
9386:
9384:
9381:
9379:
9376:
9374:
9371:
9369:
9366:
9365:
9363:
9359:
9353:
9350:
9348:
9345:
9341:
9338:
9336:
9333:
9331:
9328:
9327:
9326:
9323:
9321:
9318:
9316:
9313:
9311:
9308:
9306:
9303:
9301:
9298:
9297:
9295:
9291:
9288:
9284:
9278:
9275:
9273:
9270:
9268:
9265:
9263:
9260:
9258:
9255:
9253:
9251:
9247:
9245:
9242:
9240:
9237:
9236:
9234:
9230:
9224:
9221:
9217:
9214:
9212:
9209:
9207:
9204:
9202:
9199:
9197:
9194:
9193:
9192:
9191:Strand Campus
9189:
9185:
9182:
9180:
9177:
9176:
9175:
9172:
9171:
9169:
9163:
9157:
9156:List of deans
9154:
9152:
9149:
9147:
9144:
9142:
9139:
9138:
9135:
9132:
9131:
9130:
9125:
9123:
9120:
9119:
9118:
9113:
9111:
9108:
9107:
9106:
9101:
9099:
9096:
9095:
9094:
9089:
9088:
9086:
9082:
9076:
9073:
9071:
9068:
9066:
9063:
9061:
9058:
9056:
9053:
9051:
9048:
9046:
9043:
9041:
9038:
9036:
9033:
9031:
9028:
9026:
9023:
9021:
9018:
9016:
9013:
9011:
9008:
9006:
9003:
9001:
8998:
8997:
8995:
8993:and divisions
8987:
8982:
8972:
8969:
8967:
8964:
8962:
8961:School of Law
8959:
8957:
8954:
8952:
8949:
8947:
8944:
8942:
8939:
8937:
8934:
8932:
8929:
8928:
8926:
8920:
8916:
8909:
8905:
8896:
8891:
8889:
8884:
8882:
8877:
8876:
8873:
8861:
8860:
8849:
8847:
8846:
8835:
8834:
8831:
8817:
8814:
8812:
8809:
8807:
8804:
8802:
8799:
8797:
8794:
8792:
8791:Russell Group
8789:
8787:
8784:
8782:
8779:
8777:
8774:
8772:
8769:
8767:
8764:
8762:
8759:
8757:
8754:
8753:
8751:
8747:
8741:
8738:
8733:
8729:
8726:
8722:
8719:
8715:
8712:
8708:
8705:
8701:
8698:
8694:
8691:
8687:
8684:
8680:
8679:
8678:
8675:
8673:
8670:
8668:
8665:
8663:
8660:
8655:
8651:
8650:
8649:
8646:
8641:
8637:
8636:
8635:
8632:
8627:
8623:
8622:
8621:
8618:
8616:
8613:
8612:
8610:
8606:
8602:
8598:
8591:
8587:
8573:
8570:
8568:
8565:
8563:
8560:
8558:
8555:
8553:
8550:
8548:
8545:
8544:
8542:
8538:
8532:
8529:
8527:
8524:
8522:
8519:
8517:
8516:
8512:
8510:
8507:
8505:
8504:
8500:
8498:
8497:UCL Boat Club
8495:
8494:
8492:
8490:
8486:
8479:
8476:
8474:
8471:
8470:
8468:
8464:
8458:
8457:Woburn Square
8455:
8453:
8450:
8448:
8445:
8443:
8440:
8438:
8435:
8433:
8430:
8428:
8425:
8423:
8420:
8418:
8417:Main Building
8415:
8413:
8410:
8408:
8405:
8403:
8400:
8398:
8395:
8393:
8390:
8388:
8387:Gordon Square
8385:
8383:
8380:
8378:
8375:
8373:
8370:
8368:
8365:
8364:
8362:
8360:
8356:
8352:
8345:
8341:
8327:
8326:
8322:
8320:
8317:
8315:
8312:
8310:
8307:
8305:
8304:
8300:
8298:
8295:
8293:
8292:
8288:
8286:
8283:
8281:
8278:
8276:
8273:
8272:
8270:
8266:
8260:
8257:
8255:
8252:
8250:
8247:
8245:
8242:
8240:
8237:
8235:
8232:
8230:
8227:
8225:
8222:
8220:
8217:
8215:
8214:Ear Institute
8212:
8211:
8209:
8203:
8197:
8194:
8192:
8189:
8187:
8184:
8182:
8179:
8177:
8174:
8172:
8169:
8167:
8164:
8162:
8159:
8157:
8154:
8152:
8149:
8147:
8144:
8142:
8139:
8137:
8134:
8132:
8129:
8127:
8124:
8123:
8121:
8115:
8109:
8106:
8104:
8101:
8096:
8092:
8091:
8090:
8087:
8084:
8079:
8075:
8074:
8072:
8070:
8067:
8062:
8058:
8057:
8056:
8053:
8051:
8048:
8043:
8039:
8036:
8032:
8031:
8030:
8027:
8025:
8022:
8017:
8013:
8012:
8010:
8006:
8001:
7998:
7997:
7995:
7993:and groupings
7989:
7985:
7981:
7974:
7970:
7966:
7957:
7952:
7950:
7945:
7943:
7938:
7937:
7934:
7922:
7914:
7912:
7904:
7903:
7900:
7894:
7891:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7871:
7869:
7866:
7864:
7861:
7859:
7856:
7854:
7851:
7849:
7846:
7844:
7841:
7837:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7824:
7822:
7819:
7817:
7814:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7800:
7796:
7792:
7788:
7784:
7779:
7776:
7774:
7771:
7770:
7768:
7764:
7758:
7755:
7753:
7750:
7748:
7745:
7743:
7740:
7738:
7735:
7734:
7732:
7728:
7722:
7721:
7717:
7716:
7714:
7712:
7708:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7689:
7687:
7684:
7682:
7679:
7677:
7674:
7672:
7669:
7667:
7664:
7662:
7659:
7658:
7656:
7654:
7650:
7644:
7641:
7639:
7636:
7634:
7631:
7629:
7626:
7624:
7621:
7619:
7616:
7614:
7611:
7609:
7606:
7605:
7603:
7601:
7597:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7573:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7565:Robert Gordon
7563:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7548:
7546:
7543:
7541:
7538:
7536:
7533:
7531:
7528:
7526:
7523:
7521:
7518:
7516:
7513:
7512:
7510:
7508:
7504:
7498:
7495:
7493:
7490:
7489:
7487:
7485:
7481:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7463:
7461:
7458:
7456:
7453:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7383:
7381:
7378:
7376:
7375:Creative Arts
7373:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7322:
7320:
7316:
7310:
7309:York St. John
7307:
7305:
7302:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7262:
7260:
7257:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7234:Leeds Trinity
7232:
7230:
7229:Leeds Beckett
7227:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7180:
7177:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7167:
7166:
7164:
7160:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7148:Wolverhampton
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7133:Staffordshire
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7050:
7048:
7044:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6971:
6969:
6966:
6964:
6961:
6959:
6956:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6940:
6938:
6934:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6848:
6845:
6844:
6842:
6840:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6825:
6819:
6816:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6808:Hertfordshire
6806:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6778:Anglia Ruskin
6776:
6775:
6773:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6760:
6756:
6749:
6744:
6742:
6737:
6735:
6730:
6729:
6726:
6708:
6707:
6700:
6692:
6690:9780719082368
6686:
6682:
6678:
6671:
6655:
6649:
6633:
6632:"Our History"
6627:
6611:
6605:
6590:
6586:
6580:
6564:
6558:
6542:
6536:
6520:
6514:
6506:
6502:
6496:
6480:
6476:
6470:
6463:
6457:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6440:(4): 205–48.
6439:
6435:
6428:
6421:
6405:
6401:
6395:
6376:
6372:
6365:
6359:
6340:
6336:
6329:
6323:
6315:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6297:
6293:
6289:
6282:
6266:
6265:"Our history"
6260:
6252:
6251:
6243:
6235:
6231:
6229:9781852853471
6225:
6221:
6220:
6212:
6205:
6200:
6198:9781134125463
6194:
6190:
6189:
6181:
6173:
6171:9781134262106
6167:
6163:
6159:
6152:
6144:
6142:9781134262106
6138:
6134:
6130:
6123:
6115:
6103:
6095:
6093:9783319582412
6089:
6085:
6084:
6076:
6069:
6065:
6061:
6057:
6050:
6043:
6039:
6035:
6031:
6027:
6023:
6019:
6015:
6011:
6007:
6003:
5996:
5994:
5986:
5982:
5978:
5974:
5970:
5966:
5962:
5958:
5954:
5947:
5939:
5935:
5934:
5926:
5918:
5916:9781475804058
5912:
5908:
5904:
5897:
5889:
5887:9780198716129
5883:
5879:
5878:
5870:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5851:9781910634011
5847:
5843:
5839:
5835:
5834:
5826:
5819:
5814:
5807:
5800:
5796:
5794:9781903942741
5790:
5786:
5785:
5777:
5761:
5755:
5748:. p. 29.
5747:
5746:
5738:
5728:
5720:
5716:
5715:
5707:
5699:
5697:9781108018104
5693:
5689:
5688:
5683:
5677:
5669:
5663:
5656:. p. 11.
5655:
5654:
5646:
5627:
5620:
5614:
5606:
5605:
5597:
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2054:History Today
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2019:
2011:
2004:
1996:
1995:
1987:
1971:
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1956:
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1032:
1029:in 1880, the
1028:
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1016:
1012:
1011:Lord Brougham
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648:: UCL opened
647:
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507:Dr. Bentley's
504:
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499:William Tooke
496:
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469:
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346:
336:
333:
327:
323:
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316:
315:William Tooke
312:
311:Lord Brougham
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173:royal charter
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151:(1653–1660).
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111:
110:royal charter
107:
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9174:Guy's Campus
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9098:Shitij Kapur
9091:
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8989:Departments,
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8552:UCL Business
8513:
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8427:Queen Square
8392:Gower Street
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8285:Pender Chair
8207:laboratories
8108:Neuroscience
7786:
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7204:Huddersfield
7108:Loughborough
7088:Harper Adams
6988:Ravensbourne
6783:Bedfordshire
6711:. Retrieved
6705:
6699:
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6670:
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6648:
6636:. Retrieved
6626:
6614:. Retrieved
6604:
6592:. Retrieved
6588:
6579:
6567:. Retrieved
6557:
6545:. Retrieved
6535:
6523:. Retrieved
6513:
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6495:
6483:. Retrieved
6479:the original
6469:
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5732:university."
5727:
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5633:. Retrieved
5626:the original
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5423:the original
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5413:
5380:. Retrieved
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4349:: 624. 1937.
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2693:. Retrieved
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9239:Macadam Cup
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7033:West London
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6837:University
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6677:Baker, J.H.
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6569:17 February
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3128:26 December
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2695:29 December
2673:29 December
2585:"Landmarks"
2417:13 December
2385:28 November
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1707:, in 1843.
1618:Wye College
1295:at UCL and
1224:Institution
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901:28 November
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775:14 February
598:11 February
10187:Categories
10060:Bede Chair
9987:Racecourse
9874:(debating)
9857:Senior man
9841:Palatinate
9727:University
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9680:St Aidan's
9596:Fiona Hill
9591:Chancellor
9516:Wikisource
9286:Affiliates
9262:Rugby Club
9196:Bush House
9167:and places
9093:Principal:
8596:Affiliates
8367:Bloomsbury
8348:University
7575:St Andrews
7470:Winchester
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7370:Chichester
7355:Buckingham
7294:Sunderland
7259:Manchester
7224:Leeds Arts
7123:Nottingham
7058:Birmingham
7013:Roehampton
6968:London Met
6892:Queen Mary
6862:Goldsmiths
6713:29 January
6594:5 December
6410:5 December
6384:5 December
6371:Fph.org.uk
6348:5 December
5382:5 December
5039:5 December
5014:5 December
5008:Thetab.com
4473:18 January
4261:Cambridge.
4060:5 December
3828:5 December
3799:27 October
3541:5 December
3519:5 December
3496:5 December
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3403:5 December
3317:5 December
3291:5 December
3180:5 December
3025:5 December
2995:5 December
2970:5 December
2891:27 October
2720:1 February
2621:5 December
2569:5 December
2485:5 December
2443:5 December
2099:3 December
2074:3 December
2030:3 December
1976:3 December
1914:References
1802:'s tract,
1650:Ushaw Moor
1492:University
1227:Foundation
1133:foundation
962:5 December
752:28 October
464:Henry Wace
457:William IV
228:Edward III
155:Background
9939:Boat Race
9909:Boat Club
9862:Solar Car
9722:Trevelyan
9712:St Mary's
9700:St John's
9685:St Chad's
9665:John Snow
9257:Boat Club
9252:newspaper
9250:Roar News
9165:Buildings
9141:Academics
8924:faculties
8480:(Provost)
8407:Here East
7799:Post-1992
7671:Gibraltar
7530:Edinburgh
7284:Sheffield
7269:Newcastle
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7098:Leicester
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6978:Middlesex
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6839:of London
6793:Cranfield
6788:Cambridge
6674:See also
6660:12 August
6638:12 August
6485:1 January
6404:Kcl.ac.uk
6112:ignored (
6102:cite book
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5981:145006798
5525:"Preface"
5337:ignored (
5327:cite book
5286:ignored (
5276:cite book
5152:ignored (
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5115:27 August
5088:22 August
5034:Kclsu.org
4772:MoneyWeek
4630:Cambridge
4616:The Times
3911:ignored (
3901:cite book
3743:"Hansard"
3704:The Times
3562:1 January
3015:Kcl.ac.uk
2357:ignored (
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1886:Cambridge
1809:John Stow
1786:The four
1622:John Kemp
1238:Cambridge
1212:Cambridge
1063:pictured)
724:8 October
665:14 August
646:1 October
416:Earl Grey
203:burgesses
187:Richard I
177:Henry III
10156:Category
10116:Heraldry
10038:overview
9919:Swimming
9755:Business
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7507:Scotland
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7299:Teesside
7174:Bradford
7073:Coventry
7046:Midlands
6993:Regent's
6963:Kingston
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6456:13412018
6314:21530696
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6030:11609857
5857:century.
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1088:and the
979:November
832:26 March
801:24 April
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527:incident
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197:and its
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10013:History
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9611:Visitor
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8858:Commons
8608:Medical
8562:History
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7633:Swansea
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7455:Surrey
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5622:(PDF)
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4162:8 May
4127:8 May
4092:8 May
3070:(PDF)
2921:(PDF)
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2739:(PDF)
2649:(PDF)
1869:Notes
1749:UMIST
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