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1972:, and beginning in 814 began to discuss with various clerics and senators the possibility of reviving the iconoclastic policy of the Isaurians. This movement met with strong opposition from the Patriarch Nikephoros, who himself gathered a group of bishops and abbots about him and swore them to uphold the veneration of images. The dispute came to a head in a debate between the two parties before the emperor in the Great Palace in early 815, at which Theodore and his brother Joseph were present and took the side of the iconodules. Theodore told the emperor: "Know that though an angel came from heaven itself to pervert us we would not obey him. Far less would we obey you."
1754:, "adulterer"), in which Theodore initiated a protest against the marriage from the Sakkudion Monastery, and appears to have demanded the excommunication, not only of the priest Joseph, but also of all who had received communion from him, which, as Joseph was a priest of the imperial church, included implicitly the emperor and his court. This demand had no official weight, however, and Constantine appears to have attempted to make peace with Theodore and Platon (who, on account of his marriage, were now his relatives), inviting them to visit him during a sojourn at the imperial baths of Prusa in Bithynia. In the event neither appeared.
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1787:, and restoring and decorating the church. He also composed a series of poems on the duties of the various members of the community, which were likely inscribed and displayed within the monastery. He furthermore composed a rule for the governance of the monastery, and made the Studios community the center of an extensive congregation of dependent monasteries, including the Sakkudion. He maintained contact with these other monasteries above all through his prodigious literary output (letters as well as
1679:. There is however no evidence to support this, and their high position in the imperial bureaucracy of the time renders any openly iconodule position highly unlikely. Furthermore, when Platon left his office and entered the priesthood in 759, he was ordained by an abbot who, if he was not actively iconoclastic himself, at the very least offered no resistance to the iconoclastic policies of Constantine V. The family as a whole was most likely indifferent to the question of icons during this period.
1925:(r. 803–814), also in 812, according to which the Byzantine and Bulgarian states should exchange refugees. It is likely that Krum sought the return of certain Bulgarians who had betrayed him to the Byzantines. In this instance Theodore argued against the exchange, as it would require that Christians be cast to barbarians, while Nikephoros urged the emperor to accept the treaty. Once more Theodore's opinion prevailed, although this time with serious consequences; Krum attacked and took
2036:(r. 820–829), would adopt a pro-icons policy, and he expressed this hope in two letters to Michael. An imperial audience was arranged for a group of iconodule clerics, including Theodore, at which however Michael expressed his intention to "leave the church as he had found it." The abbots were to be allowed to venerate images if they so wished, as long as they remained outside of Constantinople. Theodore returned to Anatolia, in what seems to have been a sort of self-imposed exile.
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2047:, a form of spiritual guidance for the future abbots of the Stoudios monastery, to his disciple Naukratios. He died on 11 November that year, while celebrating mass, apparently in the monastery of Hagios Tryphon on Cape Akritas in Bithynia. Eighteen years later, his remains, along with those of his brother Joseph, were brought back to the Stoudios Monastery, where they were interred beside the grave of their uncle Platon.
1964:. This came to an end with the death of Krum on April 13, 814, and the internal power struggles that followed. However, as the previous 30 years since the approval of icon-veneration at the Synod of 787 had represented for the Byzantines a string of military catastrophes, Leo resolved to reach back to the policies of the more successful Isaurian dynasty. He renamed his son Constantine, thus drawing a parallel to
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general trend, with a number of bishops and abbots at first willing to reach a compromise with the iconoclasts, but then in the years between 816 and 819 renouncing the iconoclast position, a movement that was perhaps motivated by the martyrdom of the
Studite monk Thaddaios. It was during this upswell in icondule sentiment that Theodore began to compose his own polemic against the iconoclasts, the
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Joseph would have been present. As a result, he was stripped of his archbishopric. At around the same time a small military division was dispatched to the
Stoudios Monastery to arrest Theodore, Joseph, and Platon. A synod was then held in January of 809, at which Theodore and his followers were anathematized as schismatic. Theodore, Joseph, and Platon were thereafter banished to the
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clerics in 823 or 824, which ended in an argument between the
Studites and the host, one Ioannikos, which may have represented a power struggle within the movement. Theodore also spoke against the second marriage of Michael II to the nun Euphrosyne, a daughter of Constantine VI, although in a very moderate fashion, and with none of the passion or effect of the Moechian controversy.
1747:, a cousin of Theodore the Studite. Although the Patriarch may initially have resisted this development, as a divorce without proof of adultery on the part of the wife could be construed as illegal, he ultimately gave way. The marriage of Constantine and Theodote was celebrated in 795, although not by the patriarch, as was normal, but by a certain Joseph, a priest of Hagia Sophia.
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express his unwillingness to associate with the rehabilitated priest Joseph, or for that matter with anyone else who knowingly associated with him, as he held the rehabilitation to be uncanonical. As in the first dispute over the priest Joseph, the extension of this refusal beyond Joseph to those who associated with him included implicitly the patriarch and the emperor himself.
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1983:, was selected, and in April a synod was convened in Hagia Sophia, at which iconoclasm was re-introduced as dogma. Theodore composed a series of letters in which he called on "all, near and far," to revolt against the decision of the synod. Not long thereafter he was exiled by imperial command to a Metopa, a fortress on the eastern shore of
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literary forms, in particular iambic verse, in
Byzantium, and his criticisms of the iconoclastic epigrams drew a connection between literary skill and orthodox faith. After his death the Stoudios monastery continued to be a vital center for Byzantine hymnography and hagiography, as well as for the copying of manuscripts.
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No direct word against slavery, however, came forth from the great
Teacher . It was not until the ninth century after, that one of his humble followers, Saint Theodore of Studium (Constantinople), ventured to put forth the command "Thou shalt possess no slave, neither for domestic service nor for the
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As a result, imperial troops were sent to the
Sakkudion Monastery, and the community was dispersed. Theodore was flogged, and, together with ten other monks, banished to Thessaloniki, while Platon was imprisoned in Constantinople. The monks arrived in Thessaloniki in March 797, but did not remain for
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According to the later hagiographical literature, Theodore received an education befitting his family's station and from the age of seven was instructed by a private tutor, eventually concentrating in particular on theology. It is however not clear that these opportunities were available to even the
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Following the accession of Irene, the priest Joseph was stripped of his office, and
Theodoros was received in the imperial palace. The monks then returned to the Sakkudion Monastery, but were forced back to the capital in either 797 or 798 on account of an Arab raid on Bithynia. At this time, Irene
1975:
Leo held fast by his plan to revive iconoclasm, and in March 815 the
Patrarch Nikephoros was stripped of his office and exiled to Bithynia. At this point Theodore remained in Constantinople, and assumed a leading role in the iconodule opposition. On March 25, Palm Sunday, he commanded his monks to
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at his feet, which offer
Nikephoros declined, instead setting off for the summer military campaign. In the winter of the same year, Theodore's brother Joseph visited him in Constantinople, but refused to attend the Christmas mass in Hagia Sophia, at which the emperor, the patriarch, and the priest
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in the imperial bureaucracy, was chosen instead. The selection of
Nikephoros gave rise to an immediate protest on the part of the Studites, and in particular Theodore and Platon, who objected to the elevation of a layman to the patriarchal throne. Theodore and Platon were jailed for 24 days before
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Therefore, relations between the Studite Abbot and the Patriarch appear to have been initially untroubled, an impression which is reinforced by the choice (806/807) of Theodore's brother, Joseph, as Archbishop of Thessaloniki. However, soon after this ordination, perhaps in 808, Theodore began to
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While Theodore was in exile, the leadership of the Studite congregation was assumed by the Abbot Leontios, who for a time adopted the iconoclast position and won over many individual monks to his party. He was, however, eventually won back to the iconodule party. The Studite situation mirrored a
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Theodore's activities in his final years are somewhat difficult to trace. He continued to write numerous letters supporting the use of icons, and appears to have remained an important leader of the opposition to imperial iconoclasm. He was present at a meeting of "more than a hundred" iconodule
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Theodore also built the Stoudios monastery into a major scholarly center, in particular through its library and scriptorium, which certainly surpassed all other contemporary Byzantine ecclesiastical institutions in this regard. Theodore himself was a pivotal figure in the revival of classical
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since 759, visited Constantinople, and persuaded the entire family of his sister, Theoktiste, to likewise take monastic vows. Theodore, together with his father and brothers, sailed back to Bithynia with Platon in 781, where they set about transforming the family estate into a religious
1719:, where the veneration of icons was declared orthodox. Shortly thereafter Tarasios himself ordained Theodore as a priest. In 794, Theodore became abbot of the Sakkudion Monastery, while Platon withdrew from the daily operation of the monastery and dedicated himself to silence.
2059:. His disciple, Naukratios, recovered control of the monastery after the end of iconoclasm in 842, and throughout the remainder of the ninth century the Studite abbots continued Theodore's tradition of opposition to patriarchal and imperial authority. Elements of Theodore's
2003:, whence he nevertheless remained abreast of developments in the capital and maintained a regular correspondence. This continued activity led to an imperial order that Theodore be whipped, which his captors however refused to carry out. In 817, Theodore wrote two letters to
1619:, one of several conflicts that set him at odds with both emperor and patriarch. Throughout his life he maintained letter correspondences with many important political and cultural figures of the Byzantine empire; this included many women, such as the composer and nun
2015:, among other "foreign" clerics, followed. As a result, the emperor ordered at least once more that Theodore be flogged, and the command was this time carried out, with the result that Theodore became quite ill. After his recovery Theodore was moved to
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The funeral oration on his mother. Ed. and tr. St. Efthymiadis and J. M. Featherstone, "Establishing a holy lineage: Theodore the Stoudite's funerary catechism for his mother (Bibliotheca hagiographica graeca 2422)," in M. Grünbart, ed.,
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Emperor Nikephoros soon requested that his new patriarch rehabilitate the priest Joseph, who had officiated at the wedding of Constantine and Theodote, possibly because Joseph had aided in the peaceful resolution of the revolt of
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Following his release, Theodore made his way back to Constantinople, travelling through north-western Anatolia and meeting with numerous monks and abbots on the way. At the time he appears to have believed that the new emperor,
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establishment, which became known as the Sakkudion Monastery. Platon became abbot of the new foundation, and Theodore was his "right hand." The two sought to order the monastery according to the writings of
1998:
Theodore exercised a wide influence during the first year of his exile, primarily through a massive letter-writing campaign. Accordingly, he was transferred in 816 to Boneta, a fortress in the more remote
605:
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1656:, was an important official in the imperial financial administration. The family therefore controlled a significant portion, if not all, of the imperial financial administration during the reign of
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1918:). Theodore and Nikephoros were called before the emperor to debate the legality of punishing heresy by death, Theodore arguing against and Nikephoros for. Theodore is said to have won the day.
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Theodore maintained an extensive literary activity in exile, writing numerous letters to correspondents including his brother, various Studite monks, influential family members, and even
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Following the "triumph of Orthodoxy" (i.e. the reintroduction of icons) in 843, Theodore became one of the great heroes of the iconodule opposition. There was no formal process of
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process through the monastery's vineyard, holding up icons so that they could be seen over the walls by the neighbors. This provocation elicited only a rebuke from the emperor.
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Catecheses, two collections of addresses to his monks on various subjects connected with the spiritual life. The first collection (the "magna") ed. A. Papadopulos-Kerameus,
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There are, however, indications that a certain rivalry between the Studite Abbot and the Patriarch persisted. In 812, Michael I resolved to persecute certain heretics in
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His letters, which convey many personal details, as well as illuminating a number of his historical engagements. Ed. with summaries in German by Georgios Fatouros,
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called the Studites back from exile. The priest Joseph was once more defrocked, and Theodore was, at least superficially, reconciled with the Patriarch Nikephoros.
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to address the case, at which Theodore was present. The Synod decided to readmit Joseph to the priesthood, a decision to which Theodore did not at the time object.
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Theodoros Studites (759-826) — zwischen Dogma und Pragma: der Abt des Studiosklosters in Konstantinopel im Spannungsfeld von Patriarch, Kaiser und eigenem Anspruch
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At the very beginning of his reign, the emperor Leo V faced a new Bulgarian offensive that reached the walls of Constantinople and ravaged large sections of
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2007:, which were co-signed by several fellow iconodule abbots, in the first requesting that he summon an anti-iconoclastic Synod; letters to the Patriarchs of
1615:. He played a major role in the revivals both of Byzantine monasticism and of classical literary genres in Byzantium. He is known as a zealous opponent of
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Theodore's years of exile, regular fasting, and exceptional exertions had taken their toll, and in 826 he became quite ill. In this year, he dictated his
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in November the same year. Michael led a military campaign against the Bulgarians in 813, which ended in defeat, and as a result he abdicated in July and
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1809:. It has been suggested that these were commissioned by Irene, as another sign of her good favor toward Theodore, although a commission under
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1995:, concentrating in particular on refuting the arguments and criticizing the literary merits of the new iconoclastic epigrams on the Chalke.
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in Bithynia. Shortly thereafter Leo had Theodore's poems removed from the Chalke Gate and replaced by a new set of "iconoclastic" epigrams.
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On 4 April 814 Theodore's uncle Platon died in the Stoudios Monastery after a long illness. Theodore composed a long funeral oration, the
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His poems, which represent an important stage in the revival of classical verse in Byzantium. Ed. with German translation by Paul Speck,
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Early in 808, Theodoros offered in a series of letters to explain his position to the emperor, and furthermore to perform the customary
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Monastery in Constantinople, which he accepted. Theodore then set about building various workshops within the monastery to guarantee
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long; in August of the same year Constantine VI was blinded and overthrown, and his mother Irene, the new empress, lifted the exile.
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Teodoro Studita, Contro gli avversari delle icone, Emanuela Fogliadini (Prefazione), Antonio Calisi (Traduttore), Jaca Book, 2022,
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most well-placed Byzantine families of the eighth century, and it is possible that Theodore was at least partially an autodidact.
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Theodori Studitae Refutatio et subversio impiorum poematum Ioannis, Ignatii, Sergii, et Stephani, recentium christomachorum
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Byzantine Monastic Foundation Documents: A Complete Translation of the Surviving Founders' Typika and Testaments, Volume 1
1824:(r. 802–811) set about seeking his replacement. It appears likely that Platon at this time put forth Theodore's name, but
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that it was not until the 9th century that the first recorded stand against slavery itself was taken by Theodore:
1652:, herself the offspring of a distinguished Constantinopolitan family. The brother of Theoktiste, Theodore's uncle
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Theodore emphasizes the high standing of her parents, Sergios and Euphemia, who died in the plague of 747/48. (
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2019:. Early in 821, however, Leo V fell victim to a grisly murder at the altar of the Church of St. Stephen in the
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2371:. He was therefore an extremely high-ranking official with a close relationship to the emperor himself. (
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in Byzantium, but Theodore was soon recognized as a saint. In the Latin West, Theodore’s recognition of
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1887:. He also continued to compose catechisms for the Studite congregation, as well as a number of poems.
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composed by Theodore that replaced the "iconoclastic epigrams" which were previously exhibited on the
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A somewhat obscure chain of events followed (the so-called "Moechian controversy," from the Greek
1695:(r. 775–780) in 780, Theodore's uncle Platon, who had lived as a monk in the Symbola Monastery in
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Autocephaly and canonicity recognized by Constantinople and 3 other autocephalous Churches:
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The Eclipse of Christianity in Asia: From the time of Muhammad till the Fourteenth Century
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Various polemical discourses connected with the question of image-worship, in particular
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Theodore's revival of the Stoudios monastery had a major effect on the later history of
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99, 1813–24. English translation by Timothy Miller, in J. Thomas and A. C. Hero, eds.,
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Hatlie, Peter (1996). "The Politics of Salvation: Theodore of Stoudios on Martyrdom (
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was part of what caused him to be formally canonized by the Catholic Church. His
2075:(communal) life, manual labor, and a carefully defined administrative hierarchy.
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Theodore was an immensely prolific author; among his most important works are:
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monasteries. The most important elements of his reform were its emphases on
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Museum of Ancient Greek, Byzantine and Post-Byzantine Musical Instruments
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3413:. Washington, District of Columbia: Dumbarton Oaks Studies (Volume 35).
3263:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 769.
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1813:(r. 811–813) is also possible; in any case, they were removed in 815 by
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3354:. Garden City, New York: Doubleday, Doran & Company, Incorporated.
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the Emperor Nikephoros allowed them to return to their congregations.
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Theodori Studitae Oratio funebris in Platonem ejus patrem spiritualem
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S.P.N. et Confessoris Theodori Studitis Praepositi Parva Catachesis
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Thomas, J.; Hero, Angela Constantinides; Constable, Giles (2000).
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Gesta Christi, or, A History of Humane Progress under Christianity
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The Stoudios Monastery as depicted in an 11th-century manuscript.
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It has often been assumed that Theodore's family belonged to the
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Spiritual independence recognized by Georgian Orthodox Church:
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Autocephalous Churches who are officially part of the communion:
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Theodori praepositi Studitarum Antirrhetici adversus Iconomachos
2148:(St. Petersburg, 1904); the second (the "parva") ed. E. Auvray,
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To this period may also date the so-called iconodule epigrams,
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2222:, dictated to his disciple Naukratios at the end of his life:
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3284:. Washington, District of Columbia: Dumbarton Oaks: 263–287.
3232:(4th ed.). New York, New York: A.C. Armstrong & Son.
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Tre laudationes bizantine in onore di San Bartolomeo apostolo
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by St. Theodore the Studite, to be read at the beginning of
3382:"Ikonoklasmus und die Anfänge der makedonischen Renaissance"
1668:, and Euthymios) and one sister, whose name we do not know.
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labor of the fields, for man is made in the image of God."
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Theatron: rhetorische Kultur in Spätantike und Mittelalter
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2403:, a position for which he was trained by his own uncle. (
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2168:(=Millennium-Studien 13) (Berlin, 2007), pp. 13–51.
3243:. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
1817:(r. 813–820) and replaced by new "iconoclastic" verses.
1715:, and was a member of Tarasios's iconodule party at the
3151:
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She was the daughter of Anna, a sister of Theoktiste. (
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Theodoros Studites: Jamben auf verschiedene Gegenstände
2023:; Theodore was released from exile shortly thereafter.
1921:
The second affair concerned a peace treaty proposed by
2315:
2152:(Paris, 1891), French translation by Anne-Marie Mohr,
1731:(r. 776–797) decided to separate from his first wife,
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Autocephaly recognized by some autocephalous Churches
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1914:
and the "Athinganoi" (sometimes identified with the
52:
Saint Theodore of Studion: 11th-century mosaic from
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3469:. Vol. 14. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
3453:, translated into English by Archimandrite Ephrem.
3392:. Bonn, Germany: Dr. Rudolf Habelt GMBH: 175–210.
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1890:
1820:In 806, the Patriarch Tarasios died, and Emperor
1660:(r. 741–775). Theodore had two younger brothers (
4063:
3190:
2204:Cf. the selection translated by Catharine Roth,
4092:Byzantine saints of the Eastern Orthodox Church
1775:offered Theodore the leadership of the ancient
1722:
1848:. In 806, the Patriarch Nikephoros convened a
3515:
1711:, Abbot Platon emerged as a supporter of the
1558:
1623:, who was much influenced by his teachings.
3351:Jesus or Christianity: A Study in Contrasts
2419:, pp. 62–63 (including footnote #175).
1838:
3522:
3508:
2141:(=Supplementa Byzantina 1) (Berlin, 1968).
1952:Mosaic of Theodore the Studite located in
1565:
1551:
2261:
1644:, an important financial official in the
3247:
2324:
2179:The funeral oration on his uncle Plato (
1947:
1765:
1761:
1686:
3456:
3358:
3338:
3184:
3160:
3109:
3085:
3073:
3061:
3049:
3037:
3025:
3013:
3001:
2989:
2977:
2965:
2953:
2941:
2929:
2917:
2905:
2893:
2881:
2869:
2857:
2845:
2833:
2821:
2809:
2797:
2785:
2773:
2761:
2749:
2737:
2725:
2713:
2701:
2689:
2677:
2665:
2653:
2641:
2629:
2617:
2605:
2585:
2573:
2561:
2549:
2537:
2525:
2513:
2501:
2489:
2476:
2464:
2452:
2440:
2428:
2416:
2404:
2385:
2372:
2228:Byzantine Monastic Foundation Documents
1631:
14:
4064:
3267:
3236:
2309:
131:11 November (East), 12 November (West)
3503:
3379:
3312:(1991–1992). "Women and Iconoclasm".
3225:
3208:
3172:
2589:
3347:
3196:
2090:on the basis of his letters to Pope
1943:
1707:During the period of the regency of
1521:Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs
1131:Differences from the Catholic Church
997:History of Eastern Orthodox theology
3529:
3175:, pp. 194 (with note 18), 203.
843:Other possible ecumenical councils:
606:Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania
24:
3490:A Homily on Fasting and Dispassion
2146:Theodori Studitae Magna Catachesis
2063:were incorporated verbatim in the
27:Byzantine monk, abbot, and scholar
25:
4193:
4162:9th-century Christian theologians
4157:8th-century Christian theologians
3444:
3365:. Bern, Switzerland: Peter Lang.
3146:Thomas, Hero & Constable 2000
3134:Thomas, Hero & Constable 2000
3122:Thomas, Hero & Constable 2000
3098:Thomas, Hero & Constable 2000
2860:, pp. 203–204 (with note 8).
2234:35) (Washington, 2000), I.67–83.
1675:party during the first period of
1640:in 759. He was the oldest son of
713:American Orthodox Catholic Church
4127:Abbots of the Stoudios Monastery
4049:
4024:
4023:
3665:
3463:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
3237:Browne, Laurence Edward (1933).
2632:, pp. 122–123 (with notes).
1828:, a layman who held the rank of
616:Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg
156:
46:
3460:"St. Theodore of Studium"
3178:
3166:
3139:
3127:
3115:
3103:
3091:
3079:
3067:
3055:
3043:
3031:
3019:
3007:
2995:
2983:
2971:
2959:
2947:
2935:
2923:
2911:
2899:
2887:
2875:
2863:
2851:
2839:
2827:
2815:
2803:
2791:
2779:
2767:
2755:
2743:
2731:
2719:
2707:
2695:
2683:
2671:
2659:
2647:
2635:
2623:
2611:
2599:
2579:
2567:
2555:
2543:
2531:
2519:
2507:
2495:
2482:
2470:
2458:
2446:
2434:
1783:, constructing a library and a
1691:Following the death of Emperor
936:Christianization of Kievan Rus'
797:First Seven Ecumenical Councils
3226:Brace, Charles Loring (1888).
2596:, pp. 114–174 (Epigrams 3–29).
2588:, p. 125; for the poems,
2422:
2410:
2391:
2378:
2354:
2349:Kazhdan & Talbot 1991–1992
2337:Kazhdan & Talbot 1991–1992
2026:
1891:Rehabilitation under Michael I
13:
1:
4152:9th-century Byzantine writers
4147:8th-century Byzantine writers
3339:Norwich, John Julius (1991).
3324:10.1515/byzs.1992.84-85.2.391
2291:
1366:Intercession of the Theotokos
1141:Opposition to papal supremacy
960:Moscow–Constantinople schism
661:Switzerland and Liechtenstein
95:11 November 826 (aged 66/67)
4122:9th-century Christian saints
4006:School of Ecclesiastic Music
2296:
1723:Conflict with Constantine VI
1626:
931:Christianization of Bulgaria
7:
4182:9th-century Greek musicians
4177:8th-century Greek musicians
4117:9th-century Byzantine monks
4112:8th-century Byzantine monks
3386:Varia 1 (Poikila Byzantina)
3016:, pp. 259–261 and 263.
2956:, pp. 245–246 and 252.
2896:, pp. 231–234 and 247.
2362:tamias tōn basilikōn phorōn
2120:Theodori Studitae Epistulae
1486:Photios I of Constantinople
1003:20th century (Neo-Palamism)
926:Christianization of Georgia
10:
4198:
4107:Saints from Constantinople
3451:Selected works of Theodore
3218:
1666:Archbishop of Thessalonica
1594:Saint Theodore of Stoudios
1588:; 759–826), also known as
1585:
1136:Opposition to the Filioque
679:Noncanonical jurisdictions
4014:
3966:
3930:
3889:
3856:
3804:Byzantine Musical Symbols
3786:
3721:
3700:
3674:
3663:
3546:
3537:
3457:Löffler, Klemens (1912).
3315:Byzantinische Zeitschrift
3254:"Theodorus Studīta"
2050:
1373:The four fasting periods:
1254:Eastern Orthodox marriage
862:Other important councils:
718:American World Patriarchs
636:Great Britain and Ireland
125:
111:
91:
69:
64:
45:
32:
3486:with analytical indexes.
3359:Pratsch, Thomas (1998).
2109:
1895:In 811, the new emperor
1839:Conflict with Nikephoros
1717:Second Council of Nicaea
1416:Athanasius of Alexandria
666:United States of America
458:Czech Lands and Slovakia
280:Four Marks of the Church
4137:Byzantine hymnographers
3594:Joseph the Hymnographer
3260:Encyclopædia Britannica
2102:and 12 November in the
1735:, and to marry Maria's
1249:Eastern Orthodox bowing
150:Eastern Orthodox Church
120:Eastern Orthodox Church
3958:Thrasyvoulos Stanitsas
3831:Hagiopolitan Octoechos
3826:Neobyzantine Octoechos
3584:Theophanes the Branded
3318:. 84–85 (2): 391–408.
2289:
2262:Commentary on Theodore
2232:Dumbarton Oaks Studies
2189:99, pp. 803–850).
2098:is 11 November in the
1957:
1771:
1526:Eastern Orthodox cross
691:Spiritual Christianity
4097:Greek Christian monks
4082:Byzantine theologians
3989:Monastery of Stoudios
3938:Greek Byzantine Choir
3476:Greek Opera Omnia by
3466:Catholic Encyclopedia
3341:Byzantium: The Apogee
3278:Dumbarton Oaks Papers
2284:
2272:Jesus or Christianity
2266:As also mentioned by
2158:Les Pères dans la foi
2126:31) (Berlin, 1992) .
2057:Byzantine monasticism
1951:
1933:was crowned emperor.
1769:
1762:Abbot of the Studites
1727:Also in 794, Emperor
1687:Early monastic career
1636:Theodore was born in
1536:Statistics by country
1461:Maximus the Confessor
889:Constantinople (1872)
4132:Byzantine Iconoclasm
4102:Saints from Anatolia
4018:*also music theorist
3953:Konstantinos Pringos
3799:72 equal temperament
3599:Joseph the Confessor
3579:Theodore the Studite
3554:Romanos the Melodist
3380:Speck, Paul (1984).
3348:Page, Kirby (1929).
3272:) and Speaking Out (
2276:Charles Loring Brace
1677:Byzantine Iconoclasm
1632:Family and childhood
1586:Θεόδωρος ὁ Στουδίτης
1578:Theodore the Studite
1471:Theodore the Studite
1436:Gregory of Nazianzus
1294:Russian bell ringing
1219:Liturgical entrances
1029:Essence vs. Energies
1024:Contemplative prayer
777:Evangelical Orthodox
599:Episcopal assemblies
322:Ecumenical Patriarch
275:Apostolic succession
40:Theodore the Studite
18:Theodore of Stoudios
4087:Byzantine composers
3574:Stephen the Sabaite
3187:, pp. 311–313.
3112:, pp. 288–291.
3076:, pp. 278–281.
3064:, pp. 281–288.
3040:, pp. 268–271.
3028:, pp. 263–267.
3004:, pp. 255–258.
2992:, pp. 253–254.
2980:, pp. 247–251.
2968:, pp. 246–247.
2944:, pp. 235–245.
2932:, pp. 245–246.
2920:, pp. 242–243.
2884:, pp. 229–230.
2836:, pp. 196–199.
2824:, pp. 192–196.
2812:, pp. 189–191.
2788:, pp. 175–176.
2764:, pp. 170–171.
2740:, pp. 162–163.
2728:, pp. 159–161.
2716:, pp. 153–157.
2704:, pp. 151–153.
2692:, pp. 147–149.
2680:, pp. 144–145.
2656:, pp. 139–140.
2644:, pp. 135–136.
2620:, pp. 128–133.
2576:, pp. 120–122.
2552:, pp. 110–113.
2540:, pp. 107–110.
2528:, pp. 101–102.
2360:He is described as
2251:Apostle Bartholomew
2208:(Crestwood, 1981).
1481:Cyril and Methodius
1451:Cyril of Alexandria
1338:Liturgical calendar
1154:Liturgy and worship
790:Ecumenical councils
193:History of theology
3948:Iakovos Nafpliotis
3943:Nikodimos Kabarnos
3902:Solon Hadjisolomos
3657:Janus Plousiadenos
3614:Nikephoros Ethikos
2872:, pp. 21, 24.
2516:, pp. 98–101.
2492:, pp. 53, 83)
2200:99, 327B-436A and
2160:52) (Paris, 1993).
2154:Petites catéchèses
1958:
1815:Leo V the Armenian
1772:
1713:Patriarch Tarasios
1646:palace bureaucracy
1609:Stoudios Monastery
1431:Cyril of Jerusalem
1361:Feast of Orthodoxy
656:Spain and Portugal
164:Christ Pantocrator
4172:9th-century poets
4167:8th-century poets
4037:
4036:
4000:Only-begotten Son
3917:Miloš Velimirović
3836:Papadic Octoechos
3708:Paschal troparion
3687:George Pachymeres
3650:Manuel Chrysaphes
3540:List of composers
3483:Patrologia Graeca
3474:Theodorus Studita
3124:, pp. 68–69.
2504:, pp. 89–90.
2479:, pp. 80–81.
2467:, pp. 71–76.
2455:, pp. 67–69.
2443:, pp. 42–45.
2431:, pp. 28–29.
2407:, pp. 27–28)
2388:, pp. 26–27)
2375:, pp. 18–21)
2206:On the holy icons
2067:of certain early
1979:A new patriarch,
1968:(r. 717–741) and
1944:Second Iconoclasm
1938:Laudatio Platonis
1897:Michael I Rangabe
1811:Michael I Rangabe
1702:Basil of Caesarea
1607:and abbot of the
1590:Theodorus Studita
1575:
1574:
1426:Basil of Caesarea
1421:Ephrem the Syrian
1304:Sign of the cross
1279:Paschal troparion
1059:Mystical theology
869:Quinisext Council
570:Semi-Autonomous:
215:View of salvation
135:
134:
112:Venerated in
16:(Redirected from
4189:
4142:Studite Brethren
4054:
4053:
4052:
4045:
4027:
4026:
3692:Manuel Bryennios
3669:
3653:
3624:John Koukouzelis
3619:Gregorios Glykys
3569:Cosmas of Maiuma
3564:John of Damascus
3524:
3517:
3510:
3501:
3500:
3470:
3462:
3424:
3403:
3376:
3355:
3344:
3335:
3301:
3264:
3256:
3244:
3233:
3212:
3206:
3200:
3194:
3188:
3182:
3176:
3170:
3164:
3158:
3149:
3143:
3137:
3136:, I.72 and I.84.
3131:
3125:
3119:
3113:
3107:
3101:
3095:
3089:
3083:
3077:
3071:
3065:
3059:
3053:
3047:
3041:
3035:
3029:
3023:
3017:
3011:
3005:
2999:
2993:
2987:
2981:
2975:
2969:
2963:
2957:
2951:
2945:
2939:
2933:
2927:
2921:
2915:
2909:
2903:
2897:
2891:
2885:
2879:
2873:
2867:
2861:
2855:
2849:
2843:
2837:
2831:
2825:
2819:
2813:
2807:
2801:
2795:
2789:
2783:
2777:
2771:
2765:
2759:
2753:
2747:
2741:
2735:
2729:
2723:
2717:
2711:
2705:
2699:
2693:
2687:
2681:
2675:
2669:
2663:
2657:
2651:
2645:
2639:
2633:
2627:
2621:
2615:
2609:
2603:
2597:
2583:
2577:
2571:
2565:
2559:
2553:
2547:
2541:
2535:
2529:
2523:
2517:
2511:
2505:
2499:
2493:
2486:
2480:
2474:
2468:
2462:
2456:
2450:
2444:
2438:
2432:
2426:
2420:
2414:
2408:
2395:
2389:
2382:
2376:
2358:
2352:
2346:
2340:
2334:
2328:
2322:
2313:
2307:
2257:(Palermo, 2004).
2249:A sermon on the
2244:Available online
1923:Krum of Bulgaria
1876:, and Platon to
1866:Princes' Islands
1846:Bardanes Tourkos
1587:
1567:
1560:
1553:
1466:John of Damascus
1441:Gregory of Nyssa
1269:Paschal greeting
1234:Memorial service
1044:Hypostatic union
921:Byzantine Empire
706:Old Calendarists
327:Episcopal polity
270:Christian Church
160:
137:
136:
50:
30:
29:
21:
4197:
4196:
4192:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4187:
4186:
4062:
4061:
4060:
4050:
4048:
4040:
4038:
4033:
4010:
3984:Cappella Romana
3962:
3926:
3897:Enrica Follieri
3885:
3852:
3782:
3717:
3696:
3682:Michael Psellos
3670:
3661:
3648:
3609:Constantine VII
3604:Leo VI the Wise
3559:Andrew of Crete
3542:
3533:
3531:Byzantine music
3528:
3447:
3442:
3421:
3400:
3373:
3290:10.2307/1291747
3221:
3216:
3215:
3207:
3203:
3195:
3191:
3183:
3179:
3171:
3167:
3159:
3152:
3144:
3140:
3132:
3128:
3120:
3116:
3108:
3104:
3096:
3092:
3084:
3080:
3072:
3068:
3060:
3056:
3048:
3044:
3036:
3032:
3024:
3020:
3012:
3008:
3000:
2996:
2988:
2984:
2976:
2972:
2964:
2960:
2952:
2948:
2940:
2936:
2928:
2924:
2916:
2912:
2904:
2900:
2892:
2888:
2880:
2876:
2868:
2864:
2856:
2852:
2844:
2840:
2832:
2828:
2820:
2816:
2808:
2804:
2796:
2792:
2784:
2780:
2772:
2768:
2760:
2756:
2748:
2744:
2736:
2732:
2724:
2720:
2712:
2708:
2700:
2696:
2688:
2684:
2676:
2672:
2664:
2660:
2652:
2648:
2640:
2636:
2628:
2624:
2616:
2612:
2604:
2600:
2584:
2580:
2572:
2568:
2560:
2556:
2548:
2544:
2536:
2532:
2524:
2520:
2512:
2508:
2500:
2496:
2487:
2483:
2475:
2471:
2463:
2459:
2451:
2447:
2439:
2435:
2427:
2423:
2415:
2411:
2396:
2392:
2383:
2379:
2359:
2355:
2347:
2343:
2335:
2331:
2323:
2316:
2308:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2264:
2112:
2053:
2029:
2021:imperial palace
1946:
1893:
1841:
1764:
1741:Lady-in-waiting
1725:
1689:
1634:
1629:
1602:Byzantine Greek
1571:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1505:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1491:Gregory Palamas
1446:John Chrysostom
1410:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1370:
1350:12 Great Feasts
1340:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1224:Liturgical fans
1166:Divine Services
1156:
1146:
1145:
1127:
992:
982:
981:
980:
905:
895:
894:
893:
859:
840:
792:
782:
781:
773:
722:
701:Catacomb Church
680:
672:
671:
670:
641:Italy and Malta
600:
592:
591:
590:
568:
559:Bessarabia (RP)
523:
512:
511:
510:
508:
506:
483:
467:
463:North Macedonia
386:
375:
374:
373:
301:
291:
290:
289:
258:
255:
240:
232:
170:
118:
116:Catholic Church
101:Tuzla, Istanbul
98:
96:
78:
74:
60:
41:
38:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4195:
4185:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4059:
4058:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4031:
4020:
4019:
4015:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4008:
4003:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3970:
3968:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3934:
3932:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3893:
3891:
3887:
3886:
3884:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3872:
3871:
3864:Byzantine lyra
3860:
3858:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3850:
3845:
3844:
3843:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3822:
3821:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3790:
3788:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3769:
3768:
3758:
3753:
3752:
3751:
3744:Byzantine Rite
3741:
3736:
3731:
3725:
3723:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3710:
3704:
3702:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3678:
3676:
3672:
3671:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3654:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3634:Joannes Glykys
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3550:
3548:
3544:
3543:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3527:
3526:
3519:
3512:
3504:
3498:
3497:
3487:
3471:
3454:
3446:
3445:External links
3443:
3441:
3440:
3438:978-8816417557
3430:
3419:
3404:
3398:
3377:
3371:
3356:
3345:
3343:. London: BCA.
3336:
3306:Kazhdan, A. P.
3302:
3265:
3251:, ed. (1911).
3249:Chisholm, Hugh
3245:
3234:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3201:
3189:
3177:
3165:
3163:, p. 306.
3150:
3138:
3126:
3114:
3102:
3090:
3088:, p. 288.
3078:
3066:
3054:
3052:, p. 278.
3042:
3030:
3018:
3006:
2994:
2982:
2970:
2958:
2946:
2934:
2922:
2910:
2908:, p. 234.
2898:
2886:
2874:
2862:
2850:
2848:, p. 201.
2838:
2826:
2814:
2802:
2800:, p. 183.
2790:
2778:
2776:, p. 173.
2766:
2754:
2752:, p. 167.
2742:
2730:
2718:
2706:
2694:
2682:
2670:
2668:, p. 142.
2658:
2646:
2634:
2622:
2610:
2608:, p. 126.
2598:
2578:
2566:
2564:, p. 118.
2554:
2542:
2530:
2518:
2506:
2494:
2481:
2469:
2457:
2445:
2433:
2421:
2409:
2390:
2377:
2353:
2351:, p. 399.
2341:
2339:, p. 396.
2329:
2327:, p. 769.
2314:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2247:
2216:
2190:
2177:
2161:
2142:
2135:
2111:
2108:
2052:
2049:
2028:
2025:
2005:Pope Paschal I
2001:Anatolic theme
1985:Lake Apollonia
1945:
1942:
1892:
1889:
1868:: Theodore to
1840:
1837:
1763:
1760:
1733:Maria of Amnia
1729:Constantine VI
1724:
1721:
1688:
1685:
1638:Constantinople
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1613:Constantinople
1582:Medieval Greek
1573:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1562:
1555:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1392:
1390:Apostles' Fast
1387:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1347:
1341:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1326:
1324:Use of incense
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1274:Paschal Homily
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1239:Memory Eternal
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1161:Divine Liturgy
1157:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1126:
1125:
1118:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1006:
993:
988:
987:
984:
983:
979:
978:
977:
976:
971:
966:
958:
953:
951:Ottoman Empire
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
911:Church Fathers
907:
906:
901:
900:
897:
896:
892:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
865:
864:
863:
858:
857:
852:
846:
845:
844:
839:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
802:
801:
800:
793:
788:
787:
784:
783:
780:
779:
772:
771:
770:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
731:
730:
729:
721:
720:
715:
710:
709:
708:
703:
696:True Orthodoxy
693:
688:
682:
681:
678:
677:
674:
673:
669:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
602:
601:
598:
597:
594:
593:
589:
588:
583:
578:
572:
567:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
525:
524:
518:
517:
514:
513:
505:
504:
498:
494:
493:
487:
482:
481:
475:
466:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
393:Constantinople
389:
387:
381:
380:
377:
376:
372:
371:
366:
365:
364:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
303:
302:
297:
296:
293:
292:
288:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
261:
260:
259:
244:
241:
238:
237:
234:
233:
231:
230:
225:
218:
211:
209:Holy Mysteries
206:
204:Church history
201:
196:
186:
180:
177:
176:
172:
171:
161:
153:
152:
146:
145:
133:
132:
129:
123:
122:
113:
109:
108:
93:
89:
88:
76:Constantinople
71:
67:
66:
62:
61:
51:
43:
42:
39:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4194:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4057:
4047:
4046:
4043:
4030:
4022:
4021:
4017:
4016:
4013:
4007:
4004:
4002:
4001:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3965:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3929:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3912:Oliver Strunk
3910:
3908:
3907:Peter Jeffery
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3888:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3865:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3855:
3849:
3846:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3785:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3720:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3699:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3673:
3668:
3658:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3645:
3644:John Laskaris
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3629:Xenos Korones
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3536:
3532:
3525:
3520:
3518:
3513:
3511:
3506:
3505:
3502:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3479:
3475:
3472:
3468:
3467:
3461:
3455:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3428:
3422:
3420:0-88402-232-3
3416:
3412:
3411:
3405:
3401:
3399:3-7749-2150-4
3395:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3378:
3374:
3372:9783631338773
3368:
3364:
3363:
3357:
3353:
3352:
3346:
3342:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3316:
3311:
3310:Talbot, A.-M.
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3266:
3262:
3261:
3255:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3241:
3235:
3231:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3211:, p. 42.
3210:
3205:
3198:
3193:
3186:
3181:
3174:
3169:
3162:
3157:
3155:
3147:
3142:
3135:
3130:
3123:
3118:
3111:
3106:
3099:
3094:
3087:
3082:
3075:
3070:
3063:
3058:
3051:
3046:
3039:
3034:
3027:
3022:
3015:
3010:
3003:
2998:
2991:
2986:
2979:
2974:
2967:
2962:
2955:
2950:
2943:
2938:
2931:
2926:
2919:
2914:
2907:
2902:
2895:
2890:
2883:
2878:
2871:
2866:
2859:
2854:
2847:
2842:
2835:
2830:
2823:
2818:
2811:
2806:
2799:
2794:
2787:
2782:
2775:
2770:
2763:
2758:
2751:
2746:
2739:
2734:
2727:
2722:
2715:
2710:
2703:
2698:
2691:
2686:
2679:
2674:
2667:
2662:
2655:
2650:
2643:
2638:
2631:
2626:
2619:
2614:
2607:
2602:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2582:
2575:
2570:
2563:
2558:
2551:
2546:
2539:
2534:
2527:
2522:
2515:
2510:
2503:
2498:
2491:
2485:
2478:
2473:
2466:
2461:
2454:
2449:
2442:
2437:
2430:
2425:
2418:
2413:
2406:
2402:
2401:
2394:
2387:
2381:
2374:
2370:
2369:
2363:
2357:
2350:
2345:
2338:
2333:
2326:
2325:Chisholm 1911
2321:
2319:
2312:, p. 76.
2311:
2306:
2302:
2288:
2283:
2281:
2280:Gesta Christi
2277:
2273:
2269:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2245:
2241:
2240:0-88402-232-3
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2215:
2214:0-913836-76-1
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2182:
2178:
2175:
2174:3-11-019476-7
2171:
2167:
2162:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2140:
2136:
2133:
2132:3-11-008808-8
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2088:papal primacy
2085:
2080:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2048:
2046:
2041:
2037:
2035:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1994:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1973:
1971:
1970:Constantine V
1967:
1963:
1955:
1954:Hosios Loukas
1950:
1941:
1939:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1910:, namely the
1909:
1905:
1900:
1898:
1888:
1886:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1797:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1768:
1759:
1755:
1753:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1705:
1703:
1698:
1694:
1684:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1658:Constantine V
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1583:
1579:
1568:
1563:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1545:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1501:
1500:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1456:John Climacus
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1409:Major figures
1406:
1405:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1380:Nativity Fast
1378:
1377:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1354:Other feasts:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1345:Paschal cycle
1343:
1342:
1339:
1334:
1333:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1150:
1149:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1004:
1000:
999:
998:
995:
994:
991:
986:
985:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
961:
959:
957:
956:North America
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
908:
904:
899:
898:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
866:
861:
860:
856:
853:
851:
848:
847:
842:
841:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
803:
798:
795:
794:
791:
786:
785:
778:
775:
774:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
734:
733:
732:
727:
724:
723:
719:
716:
714:
711:
707:
704:
702:
699:
698:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
686:Old Believers
684:
683:
676:
675:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
646:Latin America
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
603:
596:
595:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
573:
571:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
554:Americas (RP)
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
526:
522:jurisdictions
521:
516:
515:
509:
503:
502:Ukraine (UOC)
500:
499:
497:
492:
491:Ukraine (OCU)
489:
488:
486:
480:
477:
476:
474:
472:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
390:
385:jurisdictions
384:
383:Autocephalous
379:
378:
370:
367:
363:
360:
359:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
304:
300:
295:
294:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
262:
257:
251:
247:
243:
242:
236:
235:
229:
228:View of icons
226:
224:
223:
219:
217:
216:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
194:
190:
187:
185:
182:
181:
179:
178:
174:
173:
169:
165:
159:
155:
154:
151:
148:
147:
143:
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102:
94:
90:
86:
82:
77:
72:
68:
63:
59:
55:
49:
44:
36:
31:
19:
3998:
3979:Protopsaltes
3922:Egon Wellesz
3841:Nana (echos)
3578:
3481:
3464:
3409:
3389:
3385:
3361:
3350:
3340:
3313:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3258:
3239:
3228:
3204:
3192:
3185:Pratsch 1998
3180:
3168:
3161:Pratsch 1998
3141:
3129:
3117:
3110:Pratsch 1998
3105:
3093:
3086:Pratsch 1998
3081:
3074:Pratsch 1998
3069:
3062:Pratsch 1998
3057:
3050:Pratsch 1998
3045:
3038:Pratsch 1998
3033:
3026:Pratsch 1998
3021:
3014:Pratsch 1998
3009:
3002:Pratsch 1998
2997:
2990:Pratsch 1998
2985:
2978:Pratsch 1998
2973:
2966:Pratsch 1998
2961:
2954:Pratsch 1998
2949:
2942:Pratsch 1998
2937:
2930:Pratsch 1998
2925:
2918:Pratsch 1998
2913:
2906:Pratsch 1998
2901:
2894:Pratsch 1998
2889:
2882:Pratsch 1998
2877:
2870:Norwich 1991
2865:
2858:Pratsch 1998
2853:
2846:Pratsch 1998
2841:
2834:Pratsch 1998
2829:
2822:Pratsch 1998
2817:
2810:Pratsch 1998
2805:
2798:Pratsch 1998
2793:
2786:Pratsch 1998
2781:
2774:Pratsch 1998
2769:
2762:Pratsch 1998
2757:
2750:Pratsch 1998
2745:
2738:Pratsch 1998
2733:
2726:Pratsch 1998
2721:
2714:Pratsch 1998
2709:
2702:Pratsch 1998
2697:
2690:Pratsch 1998
2685:
2678:Pratsch 1998
2673:
2666:Pratsch 1998
2661:
2654:Pratsch 1998
2649:
2642:Pratsch 1998
2637:
2630:Pratsch 1998
2625:
2618:Pratsch 1998
2613:
2606:Pratsch 1998
2601:
2593:
2586:Pratsch 1998
2581:
2574:Pratsch 1998
2569:
2562:Pratsch 1998
2557:
2550:Pratsch 1998
2545:
2538:Pratsch 1998
2533:
2526:Pratsch 1998
2521:
2514:Pratsch 1998
2509:
2502:Pratsch 1998
2497:
2490:Pratsch 1998
2484:
2477:Pratsch 1998
2472:
2465:Pratsch 1998
2460:
2453:Pratsch 1998
2448:
2441:Pratsch 1998
2436:
2429:Pratsch 1998
2424:
2417:Pratsch 1998
2412:
2405:Pratsch 1998
2398:
2393:
2386:Pratsch 1998
2380:
2373:Pratsch 1998
2365:
2361:
2356:
2344:
2332:
2305:
2285:
2279:
2278:tells us in
2271:
2265:
2254:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2184:
2180:
2165:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2138:
2119:
2113:
2084:canonization
2081:
2077:
2060:
2054:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2030:
1997:
1992:
1989:
1978:
1974:
1959:
1937:
1935:
1920:
1901:
1894:
1885:Pope Leo III
1882:
1872:, Joseph to
1858:
1854:
1842:
1829:
1822:Nikephoros I
1819:
1807:Great Palace
1805:gate of the
1793:
1773:
1756:
1751:
1749:
1736:
1726:
1706:
1690:
1681:
1670:
1635:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1577:
1576:
1531:Saint titles
1511:Architecture
1504:Other topics
1470:
1209:Jesus Prayer
1120:
1113:
1096:
1079:
1073:
1064:Nicene Creed
1039:Holy Trinity
1014:Apophaticism
964:15th–16th c.
941:Great Schism
581:Estonia (MP)
569:
564:Moldova (MP)
539:Estonia (EP)
507:
495:
484:
470:
468:
317:Patriarchate
299:Organization
265:Christianity
252: /
250:Resurrection
248: /
222:View of Mary
220:
213:
168:Hagia Sophia
99:(modern-day
97:Cape Akritas
79:(modern-day
3974:Akolouthiai
3869:Cretan lyra
3857:Instruments
3639:John Kladas
3427:Online text
2368:sakellarios
2310:Browne 1933
2027:Final years
1861:proskynesis
1785:scriptorium
1737:kubikularia
1284:Prayer rope
1204:Iconostasis
1194:Euchologion
1179:Apolytikion
1054:Metousiosis
1019:Chrismation
651:Scandinavia
357:Monasticism
312:Autocephaly
246:Crucifixion
56:Monastery,
4077:826 deaths
4072:759 births
4066:Categories
3931:Performers
3756:Koinonikon
3739:Cherubikon
3494:Great Lent
3209:Brace 1888
3173:Speck 1984
3148:, I.85-87.
2590:Speck 1984
2400:zygostates
2366:basilikos
2292:References
2268:Kirby Page
2034:Michael II
2009:Alexandria
1912:Paulicians
1826:Nikephoros
1789:catechisms
1650:Theoktiste
1617:iconoclasm
1385:Great Lent
1264:Paraklesis
1244:Omophorion
1199:Holy Water
1098:Philokalia
757:Montenegro
586:ROCOR (MP)
576:Crete (EP)
549:China (MP)
544:Japan (MP)
520:Autonomous
398:Alexandria
239:Background
162:Mosaic of
3814:Octoechos
3778:Sticheron
3773:Troparion
3761:Kontakion
3729:Aposticha
3713:Octoechos
3675:Theorists
3547:Composers
3332:191604164
3274:Parrhesia
3270:Martyrion
3197:Page 1929
2397:He was a
2297:Citations
2220:Testament
2096:feast day
2092:Paschal I
2073:cenobitic
2061:Testament
2045:Testament
2013:Jerusalem
1993:Refutatio
1981:Theodotos
1927:Mesembria
1831:asekretis
1799:acrostics
1673:iconodule
1642:Photeinos
1627:Biography
1395:Dormition
1319:Vestments
1314:Troparion
1309:Sticheron
1299:Semantron
1289:Prosphora
1214:Kontakion
1122:Theotokos
1075:Oikonomia
1034:Hesychasm
916:Pentarchy
884:Jerusalem
728:churches:
408:Jerusalem
332:Canon law
285:Orthodoxy
254:Ascension
184:Structure
4029:Category
3890:Scholars
3876:Thaboura
3766:Akathist
3749:Kathisma
2069:Athonite
1908:Lycaonia
1777:Stoudios
1745:Theodote
1697:Bithynia
1664:, later
1600:, was a
1476:Kassiani
1174:Akathist
1104:Phronema
1092:Palamism
1081:Akribeia
990:Theology
737:Abkhazia
726:National
428:Bulgaria
369:Bratstvo
307:Autonomy
256:of Jesus
189:Theology
175:Overview
142:a series
140:Part of
81:Istanbul
54:Nea Moni
3967:Related
3881:Organon
3794:Petasti
3701:Liturgy
3298:1291747
3219:Studies
3100:, I.68.
1966:Leo III
1904:Phrygia
1781:autarky
1752:moichos
1598:Studium
1189:Ectenia
1115:Theosis
903:History
836:Seventh
742:Belarus
631:Germany
611:Austria
534:Finland
479:America
471:de jure
453:Albania
433:Georgia
423:Romania
403:Antioch
362:Degrees
352:Deacons
347:Priests
342:Bishops
199:Liturgy
191: (
4056:Saints
4042:Portal
3819:Nenano
3787:Theory
3589:Kassia
3436:
3417:
3396:
3369:
3330:
3296:
2594:Jamben
2238:
2212:
2172:
2130:
2065:typika
2051:Legacy
2017:Smyrna
1962:Thrace
1870:Chalke
1803:Chalke
1796:iambic
1709:Eirene
1693:Leo IV
1662:Joseph
1654:Platon
1648:, and
1621:Kassia
1259:Praxis
1069:Nepsis
946:Russia
879:Moscow
850:Eighth
821:Fourth
811:Second
767:UOC–KP
762:Turkey
752:Latvia
626:France
621:Canada
448:Poland
443:Greece
438:Cyprus
418:Serbia
413:Russia
337:Clergy
144:on the
105:Turkey
85:Turkey
3809:Echos
3734:Canon
3722:Forms
3478:Migne
3328:S2CID
3294:JSTOR
2110:Works
1931:Leo V
1878:Oxeia
1874:Prote
1850:synod
1184:Artos
1087:Ousia
1049:Icons
874:Jassy
855:Ninth
831:Sixth
826:Fifth
816:Third
806:First
747:Italy
529:Sinai
127:Feast
58:Chios
35:Saint
3848:Ison
3434:ISBN
3415:ISBN
3394:ISBN
3367:ISBN
3276:)".
2236:ISBN
2218:His
2210:ISBN
2170:ISBN
2128:ISBN
2124:CFHB
2104:West
2100:East
2011:and
1916:Roma
1906:and
1605:monk
1592:and
1516:Folk
1397:Fast
1229:Lity
974:2018
969:1996
92:Died
73:759
70:Born
65:Monk
3320:doi
3286:doi
2270:in
1743:),
1611:in
1109:Sin
1078:vs
4068::
3480:,
3388:.
3384:.
3326:.
3308:;
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3282:50
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