Television in India

1577:. The extension was in response to a petition filed by the Chennai Metro Cable TV Operators Association (CMCOA), who argued at the beginning of November that only 164,000 homes in Chennai had the proper equipment, and three million households would be left without service. When a week later only a quarter of households had their set-top boxes, the Madras High Court further extended the deadline to 9 November. The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting stated that it would allow an additional extension to 31 December. As of March 2013, out of 3 million subscribers, 2.4 million continued to be without set-top boxes. 2056:(OTT) services gained popularity in India after 2015. It created a threat to the Indian television industry. TV viewers have to follow the schedule of TV channels to watch their favourite programmes. On the other hand, OTT service providers allow their users to watch their favourite content whenever they want. Moreover, penetration of Internet access in India helps OTT users to access content from anywhere. This convenience of OTT has helped it to gain popularity among young internet users in India. The usage of OTT significantly increased during the national lockdown period (From March 2020 onwards) after the 1566:

signals in Kolkata. After approximately the Centre estimated that 75% of Kolkata households had installed STBs, the ministry issued a directive to stop airing analogue channels in some parts of the city beginning 16 December and completely switch off analogue signals after 27 December. On 17 December 2012, the West Bengal government openly defied the directive and stated that it would not implement it. The state government then announced that it would extend the deadline to 15 January 2013. The I&B ministry had initially threatened to cancel the license of

1096: 892:(DD) which was then a part of the AIR. The telecast happened twice a day, in the mornings and evenings. Other than information related to agriculture, health and family planning were the other important topics dealt with in these programmes. Entertainment was also included in the form of dance, music, drama, folk and rural art forms. Television services were separated from radio in 1976. The national telecast was introduced in 1982. In the same year, colour television was introduced in the Indian market. 2086: 4351: 4361: 43: 413: 911:, both based on the Indian epics of the same names, were the first major television series produced. They notched up a world record in viewership numbers. By the late 1980s, more people began to own television. Though there was a single channel, television programming had reached saturation. Hence the government opened up another channel which had part national programming and part regional. This channel was known as 3425: 2072: 358: 1682: 2015:(BARC) India is an industry body set up to design, commission, supervise and own an accurate, reliable and timely television audience measurement system for India. It currently measures the TV Viewing habits of 183 million TV households in the country, using 30,000 sample panel homes. This will go up to 50,000 in the next couple of years, as mandated by the 2026:'s Broadcast India (BI) 2018 Survey released in July 2018, based on a sample of 3 lakh homes in the country, TV homes in the country have seen a 7.5% jump, outpacing the growth of homes in India which grew at 4.5%. India currently boasts 298 million homes, of which 197 million have a TV set, having an opportunity to almost 100 more TV homes in the country. 1193:

due to migration from terrestrial and analogue broadcasts. TV-owning households have been growing at between 8–10%. Digital TV penetration is at 64% as of September 2014. India now has over 850 TV channels (2018) covering all the main languages spoken in the nation and whereby 197 million households own televisions.

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The role of television media was especially crucial in 2020 as citizens were asked to stay home to fight the pandemic in India. Talking about how media was used as a tool to instil fear and discipline among the public in India during the lockdown, an article in the Doing Sociology blog discusses how

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As per the TAM Annual Universe Update – 2015, India had over 167 million households (out of 234 million) with televisions, of which over 161 million have access to Cable TV or Satellite TV, including 84 million households which are DTH subscribers. Digital TV households have grown by 32% since 2013

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In 2001, a confidential list of households in Mumbai that were participating in the monitoring survey was released, calling into question the reliability of the data. This subsequently led to the merger of the two measurement systems into TAM. For several years after this, despite misgivings about

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About 25% of the 16 million households covered did not have their equipment installed before the deadline. Secretary Uday Kumar Varma extended a 15-day grace period. The I&B ministry estimated that as of 3 April 2013, 25% of households did not have set-top boxes. Enforcement of the switchover

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The idea of CAS was mooted in 2001, due to a furore over charge hikes by channels and subsequently by cable operators. Poor reception of certain channels; arbitrary pricing and increase in prices; bundling of channels; poor service delivery by Cable Television Operators (CTOs); monopolies in each

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were available in parts of Delhi even after the date. In Kolkata, on 30 October 2012, the state government refused to switch off analogue signals citing low penetration of set-top boxes (STBs) required for receiving digital signals. The I&B Ministry did not push for switching off of analogue

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Cable TV is through cable networks and DTH is wireless, reaching direct to the consumer through a small dish and a set-top box. Although the government has ensured that free-to-air channels on cable are delivered to the consumer without a set-top box, DTH signals cannot be received without the

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It was decided by the government that CAS would be first introduced in the four metros. It has been in place in Chennai since September 2003, where until very recently it had managed to attract very few subscribers. It has been rolled out recently in the other three metros of Delhi, Mumbai and

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The growth in digital broadcast has been due to the introduction of a multi-phase digitization policy by the Government of India. An ordinance was introduced by the Govt. of India regarding the mandatory digitization of Cable Services. According to this amendment made in section 9 of the Cable

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etc. Alcohol advertising is illegal in India but brands frequently run surrogate advertising campaigns. The Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA), the consumer rights protection body of the Consumer Affairs Ministry issued guidelines against surrogate advertising.

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varied from city to city. Vishakhapatnam had the lowest rate of conversion to the new system at 12.18 per cent. Other cities that had low figures included Srinagar (20 per cent), Coimbatore (28.89 per cent), Jabalpur (34.87 per cent) and Kalyan Dombivli (38.59 per cent).

1949:) was the only metric available. This used the notebook method of recordkeeping across 33 cities across India. DART continues to provide this information independent of the Private agencies. DART is one of the rating systems that measure audience metrics in Rural India. 1373:

CAS or conditional access system is a digital mode of transmitting TV channels through a set-top box (STB). The transmission signals are encrypted and viewers need to buy a set-top box to receive and decrypt the signal. The STB is required to watch only pay channels.

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is by far the most common genre on Indian television. Fiction shows (including thriller dramas and sitcoms) are extremely popular among Indian audiences. There are thousands of television programmes in India, all ranging in length, air time, genre and language.

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in several TV Packages and a small number of Television Channels offered on Premium Subscription Rates including Movies on Demand offered at Premium and Pay Per View Rates SVOD and other services such as Digital Radio and Games, The IPTV Operator uses the

1154:) is free with no monthly payments while Cable, DTH, and IPTV require a subscription that varies depending on how many channels a subscriber chooses to pay for and how much the provider is charging for the packages. Channels are usually sold in groups or 942:

helped in the transmission and telecast of DD. An international channel called DD International was started in 1995 and it telecasts programmes for 19 hours a day to foreign countries-via PAS-4 to Europe, Asia and Africa, and via PAS-1 to North America.

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Television Networks (Regulation) Amendment Ordinance, 1995, the I&B ministry is in the process of making Digia tal Addressable System mandatory. As per the policy, viewers would be able to access digital services only through a set-top box (STB).

1570:(MSOs) in Kolkata if they did not switch off all analogue channels. However, the ministries softened their stand following a letter from MSOs, explaining how they were sandwiched between divergent orders from the Central and State Governments. 5891: 1081:

started satellite broadcasts. Starting with 41 sets in 1962 and one channel, by 1995, television in India had covered more than 70 million homes giving a viewing population of more than 400 million individuals through more than 100 channels.

1053:. Under the new policies, the government allowed private and foreign broadcasters to engage in limited operations in India. This process has been pursued consistently by all subsequent federal administrations. Foreign broadcasters like the 2044:

television has so become part and parcel of life, the audio-visual platform was used for image-building and influence by the ruling dispensation on one hand, and utilized by popular brands for keeping the consumer culture up on the other.

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rupees, which included type types advertising. Traditionally organisations and manufacturing industries used to advertise through Television due to its vast reach. Indian TV and print media frequently run advertisements are often types of

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Television metrics in India have gone through several phases in which it fragmented, consolidated and then fragmented again. One key difference in Indian culture is that families traditionally limit themselves to owning only one screen.

1741:. As of 2012, India has the most competitive Direct-broadcast satellite market with 7 operators vying for more than 135 million TV homes. India overtook the US as the world's largest Direct-broadcast satellite market in 2012. 1385:

As of April 2008 Only 25 per cent of the people have subscribed to the new technology. The rest watch only free-to-air channels. As mentioned above, the inhibiting factor from the viewer's perspective is the cost of the STB.

1966:) claimed that INTAM was introduced by vested commercial interests who only sought to break the monopoly of DD and that INTAM was significantly weaker in both sample size, rigour and the range of cities and regions covered. 1957:

In 1994, claiming a heterogeneous and fragmenting television market ORG-MARG (Operations Research Group - Multiple Action Research Group) introduced INTAM (Indian National Television Audience Measurement). Ex-officials of

4316: 927:. The Prasar Bharati Corporation was established to serve as the public service broadcaster of the country which would achieve its objectives through AIR and Doordashan. This was a step towards greater autonomy for 2037:(MIB) notifications of January 2014, BARC India brings together the three key stakeholders in television audience measurement – broadcasters, advertisers, and advertising and media agencies, via their apex bodies. 1791:

in several Basic and Premium Packages including Movies on Demand offered at various Basic, Premium and Pay Per View Rates and other services such as an Interactive Karaoke channel, The IPTV Operator uses the

1302:. Asianet cable network and Asianet broadband were from Asianet Communication Ltd. These three networks and their channels today take up most of the broadcasting space in South India. In 1994, industrialist 838:

screen. The report said that "It may be this is not the whole of television but it is certainly the most significant link in the system" and added that the demonstration of the sort could be the "first in

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In 1952, the government's Scientific Advisory Committee for Broadcasting recommended the creation of a pilot station to showcase television's potential to viewers. A television demonstration was held in

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is very diverse and produces thousands of programmes in many Indian languages. Nearly 87% Indian households own a television. As of 2016, the country had over 900 channels of which 184 were

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BARC India is committed to establishing a robust, transparent and accountable governance framework for providing data points that are required to plan media spending more effectively.

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service and its channels are now available in several countries outside India. Following Sun TV, several television channels sprung up in the south. Among these are the Tamil channel

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selection of channels. India is the second largest pay-TV market in the world in terms of subscribers after China and has more than doubled from 32% in 2001 to 66% in 2018.

1349:, Nickelodeon, VH1 and Toon Disney entered the market. Starting in 2003, there has been an explosion of news channels in various languages; the most notable among them are 5107: 4507: 4155: 1703:

is defined as the reception of satellite programmes with a personal dish in an individual home. As of December 2012, India had roughly 54 million DTH subscribers.

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is a provider of IPTV service. This service was launched in 2016 and it offers over 250 channels out of which 49 are in HD. It is currently only available in

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The central government, under the leadership of the Congress, launched a series of economic and social reforms in 1991 under the then-Prime Minister

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Airtel IPT is available in some of the main cities in India such as New Delhi and Bangalore which have about 175 Television Channels on offer with

1442:, was to switch by 31 March 2013. The remaining urban areas were to be digitised by 30 November 2014 and the rest of the country by 31 March 2015. 1395: 3165: 2335: 3184: 1744:

The rapid growth of DTH in India has propelled an exodus from cabled homes, and the need to measure viewership in this space is more than ever;

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introduced four major television channels into the Indian broadcasting space that had so far been monopolised by the Indian government-owned

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As of 2019 almost 90% of the population have started using STB for Pay Channels as has been mandated by the Ministry of Broadcast in India.

503: 478: 473: 3239: 5745: 5370: 3520: 3495: 1748:, the overnight ratings agency, has mounted a people meter panel to measure viewership and interactive engagement in DTH homes in India. 513: 493: 6515: 6067: 4502: 3862: 3639: 2761:"Cable TV digitisation deadline for Kolkata extended to January 15 – LCD TVs | Plasma TV & Televisions | ThinkDigit News" 1818:(IPTV) Platform based on the Sea-Change International IPTV and Cisco IPTV Standards in many parts of India with the following services: 468: 388: 3391: 895:

Indian small-screen programming began in the early 1980s. During this time, there was only one national channel, the government-owned

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such as INSAT 4CR, INSAT 4A, INSAT-2E, INSAT-3C and INSAT-3E as well as private satellites such as the Dutch-based SES, Global-owned

518: 498: 1232:, the first privately owned Indian channel to broadcast over cable followed by the Asia Television Network (ATN). A few years later 6591: 6558: 3611: 2915: 1710:. Cable TV and DTH are two methods of delivery of television content. CAS is integral to both systems in delivering pay channels. 865:

went to the United States to study telecommunications. The trip would give stamina to AIR's first experimental television station.

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India currently has 6 major DTH service providers and a total of over 54 million subscriber households as of December 2012.

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area; lack of regulatory framework and redress avenues were some of the issues that were to be addressed by implementation of CAS

659:, among others. The Hindi, Telugu and Tamil language television industries are by far the largest television industries in India. 6579: 4555: 4265: 1241: 5841: 4948: 4725: 4397: 4240: 3800: 3324: 2760: 2125: 563: 2508: 2194: 1337:-language channels, several regional and English language channels flourished all over India. By 2001, international channels 5735: 5437: 5277: 5262: 5056: 4986: 3959: 3530: 3437: 2109: 2030: 1863: 1237: 1187: 427: 299: 3108: 2258: 2232: 1787:

services available in some of the main cities in India such as Mumbai which has about 200 Television Channels on offer with

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Indicates the date when analogue signals were switched off and not necessarily the date when 100% digitisation was achieved.

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As of 2016, over 1600 TV satellite television channels are broadcast in India. This includes channels from the state-owned

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Unlike most other countries, major Indian entertainment channels do not air news, with some exceptions in South India like

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group of channels being the only broadcaster. As such, cable television is the primary source of TV programming in India.

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In Srinagar, television was first used in the house of the Jan family, which was a huge milestone for industrialization.

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The first TV transmitter in India was installed in the Electronics and Telecommunications engineering department of the

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on 15 September 1959 with a small transmitter and a makeshift studio. Daily transmission began in 1965 as a part of

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the process, sample and other parameters, TAM was the de facto standard and monopoly in the audience metrics game.

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saw the birth of its first private television channel. With a network comprising more than 20 channels in various

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Cable TV Digitization: Everything you need to know – LCD TVs | Plasma TV & Televisions | ThinkDigit Features

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A similar petition, filed by a local cable operator (LCO), to extend the deadline in Mumbai was rejected by the

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Currently, the major Hindi national general entertainment channels (GECs) that dominate pay television are

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India has a huge advertising industry. In 2021, India's advertising sector generated revenue worth 74,600

6778: 6468: 6326: 6183: 5814: 5809: 5621: 5167: 5011: 4991: 4720: 4472: 3978: 3634: 3351:"Is Over the Top Video Platform the Game Changer over Traditional TV Channels in India? A Niche Analysis" 2509:"Ranjan Velari's assignments: Development of Television in India and Television as a Medium of Education" 1026:

had the distinction of introducing colour television coverage in India in February–March 1982 during the

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in 1995 and later diversified into other Indian languages. The same year, another Telugu channel called

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operate independently of the Zee and Viacom18 entertainment channels, which have foreign shareholdings.

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and AIR. However, Prasar Bharati has not succeeded in shielding Doordarshan from government control.

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made their foray into India. Later, Star TV Network expanded its bouquet with the introduction of

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issued a notification on 11 November 2011, setting 31 March 2015 as the deadline for complete

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Terrestrial television in India officially started with the experimental telecast starting in

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is that its ratings are available within one day as compared to TAM's timeline of one week.

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https://www.jecjabalpur.ac.in/advertisement/jec%20annual%20report%202018-19020720021126.pdf

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From midnight on 31 October 2012, analogue signals were switched off in Delhi and Mumbai.

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aMap secures Tata Sky DTH audience measurement biz And Recently Videocon has launched D2H

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In the second phase, 38 cities in 15 states had to digitise by 31 March 2013. Of the 38,

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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

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In India, the broadcast of free-to-air television is governed through a state-owned

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and Goldmines have drastically increased in popularity due to their availability on

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There are IPTV Platforms available for Subscription in India in the main cities as

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reported that a television was put up for demonstration at an exhibition in the

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started providing service. In 1995–2003, other international channels such as

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had to switch by 31 October 2012. The second phase of 38 cities, including

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launched in 1993 from Asianet Communications, which was later acquired by

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in 1972. Up until 1975, only seven Indian cities had television services.

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was launched which was later acquired by the Sun TV Network in 1998.

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along with the AIR were converted into government corporations under

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TV Digitisation: Consumers can utilise transition period of 10 to 15

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During the days of the single-channel Doordarshan monopoly, DART (

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Beyond Consumer Marketing: Sectoral Marketing and Emerging Trends

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In Chennai, the deadline was extended twice to 5 November by the

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Puthiyakath, Hashim Hamza; Goswami, Manash Pratim (6 May 2021).

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Bombay High Court rejects plea on shifting digitisation deadline

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No extension of deadline in 2nd phase of digitization: Tewari

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These services are provided by locally built satellites from

1466: 1435: 1411: 1334: 1127: 939: 935: 869: 840: 592: 34: 1776: 6553: 2856:"Madras HC to hear digitisation case on Friday – CNBC-TV18" 1772: 1690: 1635: 1439: 1350: 1253: 1181: 793: 640: 1310:(Golden Eagle Communication), which was later acquired by 1058: 1054: 1969:

In 1997, a joint industry body appointed TAM (backed by

1404:

The Cable Television Networks (Regulation) Amendment Act

1134:

or "over-the-air" television, unencrypted satellite or "

834:. A letter was scanned and its image was displayed on a 2959:

Cable digitisation: Govt allows grace period of 15 days

2494:

Beginner's Guide to Journalism & Mass Communication

2450:

Mass Communication In India: A Sociological Perspective

1150:. Over-the-air terrestrial and free-to-air TV (such as 974:(1989–1990) glued millions to Doordarshan and later on 776:

have exited news broadcast. Some broadcasters (such as

3163:

Security Check: TAM, INTAM Try To Ensure Data Sanctity

3051:"Liquor brands get notices over surrogate advertising" 1751: 5602:

Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D)

3182:

Quibbles apart, TAM is only currency industry can use

2618: 2616: 1825:

185 TV channels on various basic and premium packages

1126:

There are at least five basic types of television in

3006:"Thinking blue sky – Business Today – Business News" 2793:"TV digitization deadline ends, Chennai gets relief" 2067: 1985:

In 2004, a rival ratings service funded by American

980:(1994–1996). Hindi film songs based programmes like 3049:Anand, Shambhavi; Malviya, Sagar (7 October 2022). 861:from 10 to 12 October 1954. In 1955, an officer of 5450:Governors, Lieutenant Governors and Administrators 3348: 2984:"Indiantelevision dot com's Satellites over India" 2775:"Bengal Ignores Dec. 27 Deadline for Digitization" 2613: 966:(1984), other than the widely popular dramas like 830:(formerly Madras) by B. Sivakumaran, a student of 2952: 2842:"Madras HC extends Chennai digitization deadline" 1406:to digitize the cable television sector by 2014. 792:) operate only news channels, while others (like 6962: 2839: 1333:Throughout the 1990s, along with a multitude of 3068:Identity and Consumerism on Television in India 2777:. Indiawest.com. 8 January 2013. Archived from 2713:"Minister attacks Centre on cable digitization" 919:, a statutory autonomous body was established. 3201:New TV rating system to challenge TAM monopoly 2035:Ministry of Information and Broadcasting India 1282:languages, Sun TV network recently launched a 800:) have both news and non-news channels, while 729:. Since 2019, free-to-air Hindi channels like 4391: 3986: 3605: 3407: 2171:"Television Apparatus in Swadeshi Exhibition" 1038:, with five on-line camera operation, before 886:Satellite Instructional Television Experiment 564: 382: 3048: 2102:- Deceptive advertising tactic by ill-legal 1368: 946:The 1980s was the era of DD with shows like 934:The transponders of the American satellites 3863:News Broadcasters & Digital Association 3089: 3087: 2916:Digitisation: Countdown begins for Phase II 2048:Effect of OTT on Indian television industry 1228:. In October 1992, India saw the launch of 4398: 4384: 3993: 3979: 3612: 3598: 3414: 3400: 3281:"TV viewership on a rise in India: Survey" 2017:Ministry of Information & Broadcasting 1065:and private domestic broadcasters such as 1030:, a football tournament which was held at 1022:. It is also noted that Bengali filmmaker 571: 557: 389: 375: 5612:Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI) 5492:Fundamental rights, principles and duties 3118: 2623:15-day grace period to get TV set-top box 2447: 2362:"Growth and reach of television in india" 2359: 1165: 5554:Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) 3213: 3211: 3084: 2935:. Press Trust of India. 6 November 2012. 2533:(TAM), Television Audience Measurement. 2462: 2168: 1680: 1654:. Direct To Home service is provided by 1396:Ministry of Information and Broadcasting 1182:Broadcast cable and satellite television 6653: 4556:Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley 3253: 2506: 2285:"Online Journal of Space Communication" 1760:in many parts of the country, they are 1611: 1322:started its television division called 662:The national television broadcaster is 6963: 5842:Securities and Exchange Board of India 4949:National Geological Monuments of India 4000: 3801:List of Indian-language radio stations 2918:. Business Standard (6 November 2012). 2882:. Business Standard (31 October 2012). 2409: 2310:"Prasar Bharati looks at a turnaround" 2126:Digital television transition in India 2052:Online video streaming, also known as 1991:Audience Measurement Analytics Limited 1402:. In December 2011, Parliament passed 1400:shift from analogue to digital systems 1389: 1004:. Shows targeted at children included 6652: 5766: 5642:Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW) 5607:Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) 5348: 4900: 4415: 4379: 3974: 3593: 3395: 3235: 3233: 3208: 2452:. SAGE Publishing India. p. 153. 2031:Telecom Regulatory Authority of India 2029:Guided by the recommendations of the 1806:UTStarcom RollingStream IPTV Solution 1794:UTStarcom RollingStream IPTV Solution 1188:Lists of television stations in India 2858:. Moneycontrol.com. 6 November 2012. 2840:S. Bridget Leena (6 November 2012). 2110:List of television stations in India 1808:as its end-to-end Delivery Platform. 1796:as its end-to-end Delivery Platform. 1318:. In Telugu, Telugu daily newspaper 1089: 5637:National Investigation Agency (NIA) 5559:Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) 5248:Autonomous administrative divisions 2491: 2463:Chandran, Kannan (8 October 1982). 2013:Broadcast Audience Research Council 1931: 1752:Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) 1733:DTH', Bharti Airtel's DTH Service ' 13: 5627:Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC) 3619: 3240:Ratings cos fight for market share 3230: 2721:. 18 December 2012. Archived from 2661:"TV signals to go digital by 2015" 2567:"A Billion Screens of opportunity" 2169:Seshadri, T. N. (6 January 1950). 1947:Doordarshan Audience Research Team 1618:Direct-to-home television in India 1085: 962:(1986–1987) and comedy shows like 737:. Regional-language channels like 41: 14: 6997: 5822:Ministry of Commerce and Industry 5564:Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) 4849:Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) 3640:List of newspapers by circulation 2901:. 7 November 2012. Archived from 2825:. 1 November 2012. Archived from 2801:. 1 November 2012. Archived from 2763:. Thinkdigit.com. 2 January 2013. 2669:. 4 February 2011. Archived from 2632:. Hindustan Times (4 April 2013). 2532: 2465:"Indian TV goes colour for Games" 2259:"To Set Up T.V. Station in India" 1845:Digital Radio and Karaoke Service 4405: 4359: 4350: 4349: 3645:List of newspapers by readership 3423: 3254:Laghate, Gaurav (26 July 2018). 3153:Business Standard via Rediff.com 2973:. CNN-IBN.in.com (3 April 2013). 2745:. 8 January 2013. Archived from 2084: 2070: 1952: 1306:launched a Tamil channel called 1094: 411: 356: 4865:History of India (1947–present) 3717:People's Archive of Rural India 3342: 3317: 3298: 3273: 3247: 3194: 3175: 3156: 3151:TRP rating: The slip is showing 3144: 3130: 3125:Why is TRP a contentious issue? 3099: 3094:Why is TRP a contentious issue? 3073: 3061: 3042: 3028: 3016: 2998: 2976: 2964: 2940: 2921: 2909: 2885: 2873: 2862: 2848: 2833: 2809: 2785: 2767: 2753: 2729: 2705: 2691: 2677: 2653: 2635: 2601: 2576: 2559: 2526: 2500: 2485: 2456: 2441: 2403: 2389: 2353: 2121:Entertainment industry in India 2106:companies, mobile apps in India 591:. National channels operate in 5632:Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) 5584:Special Protection Group (SPG) 5574:Railway Protection Force (RPF) 4317:British Indian Ocean Territory 2410:Panwar, J. S. (15 June 2004). 2328: 2302: 2277: 2251: 2225: 2199: 2188: 2162: 2137: 1909: 1886:Major sports networks include 1874: 1859:Broadband Internet customers. 1: 6727:Engineering colleges in India 6356:Electronics and semiconductor 5569:National Security Guard (NSG) 5313:World Heritage Sites in India 4901: 3305:rival to stare TAM in eyeball 3137:How real is Tam/Intam rating? 2360:Nkl SdWni (29 October 2014). 2131: 2007: 1779:a company that also provides 1640:Sony Entertainment Television 719:Sony Entertainment Television 698:, at the national level, and 696:Zee Entertainment Enterprises 5617:Enforcement Directorate (ED) 5438:State legislative assemblies 5349: 5278:States and union territories 4987:Biogeographic classification 3960:List of news media ownership 2535:"TAM Annual Universe Update" 2115:List of HD channels in India 1851:The service is available to 1816:Internet Protocol television 1697:, Thaicom-2 and Telstar 10. 1042:started the same during the 848:Jabalpur Engineering College 692:Warner Bros. Discovery India 585:television industry in India 7: 6784:Water supply and sanitation 5767: 5549:Border Security Force (BSF) 5294:National monuments of India 4416: 3785:List of television stations 3355:Asia Pacific Media Educator 2540:. TAM India. Archived from 2513:Ranjan Velari's assignments 2397:"India's Public Regulatory" 2063: 1587: 1242:National Geographic Channel 1200:Starting in December 1991, 10: 7002: 5837:Central Statistical Office 5443:State legislative councils 5418:Union Council of Ministers 3955:List of journalists killed 3541:Direct-broadcast satellite 2058:COVID-19 pandemic in India 1842:A 5000+ Hour Movie Library 1706:DTH does not compete with 1615: 1556: 1185: 811: 674:(Sony Pictures Networks), 6981:Cultural history of India 6807: 6717:Medical colleges in India 6672: 6668: 6648: 6567: 6536: 6272: 6141: 6081: 6033: 5985: 5915: 5867:Foreign exchange reserves 5862:Foreign direct investment 5832:Economic Advisory Council 5802: 5779: 5775: 5762: 5686: 5658: 5592: 5579:Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) 5541: 5532: 5477: 5468: 5361: 5357: 5344: 5286: 5238: 5176: 5065: 4977: 4959:Sacred mountains of India 4941: 4913: 4909: 4896: 4857: 4786: 4681: 4648: 4605: 4584: 4531:Indus Valley Civilisation 4516: 4428: 4424: 4411: 4345: 4304: 4264: 4006: 3922: 3887: 3871: 3845: 3814: 3793: 3775: 3658: 3627: 3539: 3436: 3367:10.1177/1326365X211009639 2507:Unknown (28 March 2016). 2149:Indian Broadcasting World 1775:also in association with 1528:All remaining urban areas 1460: 1369:Conditional Access System 1103:This section needs to be 996:and crime thrillers like 436:Nationwide & Language 6003:Multi Commodity Exchange 5622:Intelligence Bureau (IB) 4066:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 3310:21 February 2009 at the 3223:brings TV ratings online 3168:21 February 2009 at the 2263:The Singapore Free Press 2237:The Singapore Free Press 2211:The Singapore Free Press 1767:A joint venture between 1737:' and the public sector 1304:N. P. V. Ramasamy Udayar 672:Culver Max Entertainment 5847:Enforcement Directorate 5308:Indian-origin religions 5299:National parks of India 5108:Highest point by states 4870:Economic liberalisation 4327:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 3081:. Indiantelevision.com. 2207:"India prepares for TV" 1980: 1940: 1880:Indian television drama 1814:Group also Operates an 1721:(a ZEE TV subsidiary), 1267:With the launch of the 1046:in November that year. 706:at the regional level. 6976:Entertainment in India 6817:Arts and entertainment 6452:Science and technology 6388:Information technology 6068:Government initiatives 4964:Sacred rivers of India 4954:Sacred groves of India 4508:Science and technology 3858:Press Council of India 3853:Editors Guild of India 3187:20 August 2008 at the 2986:. Indiantelevision.com 2377:Cite journal requires 1921:Surrogate advertisings 1837:Digital video recorder 1729:, Sun Network owned ' 1686: 1568:multi system operators 1515:38 cities in 15 states 1174:corporation, with the 1166:Terrestrial television 1006:Divyanshu ki Kahaniyan 880:(formerly Bombay) and 850:, on 24 October 1951. 832:electrical engineering 46: 6986:Television by country 6774:Socio-economic issues 6722:Law colleges in India 6712:Universities in India 5960:Reserve Bank of India 4763:Independence movement 4561:Indo-Parthian Kingdom 3889:Freedom of expression 3191:Indian television.com 3025:Indian television.com 2448:Vilanilam, J (2005). 2314:The Financial Express 2289:spacejournal.ohio.edu 2100:Surrogate advertising 1684: 802:Zee Media Corporation 45: 6048:Economic development 5892:Voluntary guidelines 5887:Industrial licensing 5017:Environmental issues 4799:Non-Aligned Movement 4576:Seleucid–Mauryan war 4241:United Arab Emirates 3897:Freedom of the press 2961:. Zeenews.india.com. 2949:. Zeenews.india.com. 2628:7 April 2013 at the 2000:What differentiates 1612:Satellite television 1584:on 31 October 2012. 1142:, cable television, 1140:Direct-to-Home (DTH) 300:World Heritage Sites 6971:Television in India 5810:Ministry of Finance 4814:Indo-Pakistani wars 4758:Partition of Bengal 4268:limited recognition 3907:Internet censorship 3430:Television in India 3111:3 February 2013 at 2870:.THE TIMES OF INDIA 2781:on 18 January 2013. 2749:on 21 January 2013. 2701:. Mediamughals.com. 2687:. Mediamughals.com. 2492:Roy, Barun (2012). 2213:. 10 September 1952 1971:Nielsen Corporation 1892:Sony Sports Network 1685:Tata Sky Dish India 1525:(30 September 2014) 1456:Date of switchover 1390:Analogue switchover 1343:the History Channel 1051:P. V. Narasimha Rao 684:Reliance Industries 328:Ministry of Tourism 323:Ministry of Culture 97:Arts and literature 6779:Standard of living 6469:Telecommunications 5986:Financial services 5907:Atmanirbhar Bharat 5827:Finance Commission 4992:Biosphere reserves 4748:Bengal Renaissance 4736:Commander-in-Chief 4701:East India Company 4001:Television in Asia 3659:Digital/electronic 3635:List of newspapers 3285:The Times of India 3260:The Economic Times 3204:The Times of India 3140:The Times of India 3055:The Economic Times 2898:The Times of India 2822:The Times of India 2798:The Times of India 2742:The Times of India 2718:The Times of India 2666:The Times of India 2649:. 29 October 2012. 2175:The Indian Express 1989:investors, called 1925:False advertisings 1687: 1538:(31 December 2014) 964:Yeh Jo Hai Zindagi 819:The Indian Express 47: 6958: 6957: 6954: 6953: 6950: 6949: 6644: 6643: 6640: 6639: 6189:Jammu and Kashmir 5815:Finance ministers 5758: 5757: 5754: 5753: 5746:Women in politics 5721:Political parties 5654: 5653: 5650: 5649: 5460:Chief Secretaries 5433:State governments 5428:Cabinet Secretary 5381:Foreign relations 5340: 5339: 5336: 5335: 4892: 4891: 4888: 4887: 4880:COVID-19 pandemic 4753:Political reforms 4373: 4372: 4310:other territories 3968: 3967: 3950:Online journalism 3650:List of magazines 3587: 3586: 3579:Airtel digital TV 3496:Meitei (Manipuri) 3314:Financial Express 3243:Business Standard 2673:on 12 March 2012. 2647:Business Standard 2610:. Thinkdigit.com. 2470:The Straits Times 2418:SAGE Publications 2265:. 14 October 1954 2239:. 14 October 1954 2092:Television portal 1735:Airtel Digital TV 1656:Airtel Digital TV 1582:Bombay High Court 1575:Madras High Court 1553: 1548: 1547: 1544:31 December 2022 1463:(31 October 2012) 1238:Discovery Channel 1124: 1123: 1044:Delhi Asian Games 816:In January 1950, 782:India Today Group 581: 580: 494:Meitei (Manipuri) 405:Indian television 399: 398: 6993: 6913:Physical culture 6734:Ethnic relations 6670: 6669: 6650: 6649: 6632:Mumbai Consensus 6184:Himachal Pradesh 6073:Numbering system 6063:Green revolution 5938:Historical Forex 5777: 5776: 5764: 5763: 5736:Scheduled groups 5539: 5538: 5475: 5474: 5359: 5358: 5346: 5345: 5328:Tourism in India 5323:History of India 5318:Culture of India 4928:Geology of India 4911: 4910: 4898: 4897: 4829:Naxal Insurgency 4824:White Revolution 4819:Green Revolution 4426: 4425: 4413: 4412: 4400: 4393: 4386: 4377: 4376: 4363: 4353: 4352: 4322:Christmas Island 4008:Sovereign states 3995: 3988: 3981: 3972: 3971: 3767:The Wire (India) 3742:The Better India 3614: 3607: 3600: 3591: 3590: 3428: 3427: 3416: 3409: 3402: 3393: 3392: 3387: 3386: 3346: 3340: 3339: 3337: 3335: 3321: 3315: 3302: 3296: 3295: 3293: 3291: 3277: 3271: 3270: 3268: 3266: 3251: 3245: 3237: 3228: 3224: 3215: 3206: 3198: 3192: 3179: 3173: 3160: 3154: 3148: 3142: 3134: 3128: 3122: 3116: 3103: 3097: 3091: 3082: 3077: 3071: 3065: 3059: 3058: 3046: 3040: 3039: 3032: 3026: 3020: 3014: 3013: 3012:. 8 August 2010. 3002: 2996: 2995: 2993: 2991: 2980: 2974: 2968: 2962: 2956: 2950: 2944: 2938: 2936: 2925: 2919: 2913: 2907: 2906: 2889: 2883: 2877: 2871: 2866: 2860: 2859: 2852: 2846: 2845: 2837: 2831: 2830: 2813: 2807: 2806: 2805:on 10 June 2013. 2789: 2783: 2782: 2771: 2765: 2764: 2757: 2751: 2750: 2733: 2727: 2726: 2709: 2703: 2702: 2695: 2689: 2688: 2681: 2675: 2674: 2657: 2651: 2650: 2639: 2633: 2620: 2611: 2605: 2599: 2598: 2596: 2594: 2580: 2574: 2573: 2571: 2563: 2557: 2556: 2554: 2552: 2546: 2539: 2530: 2524: 2523: 2521: 2519: 2504: 2498: 2497: 2489: 2483: 2482: 2480: 2478: 2460: 2454: 2453: 2445: 2439: 2438: 2436: 2434: 2407: 2401: 2400: 2393: 2387: 2386: 2380: 2375: 2373: 2365: 2357: 2351: 2350: 2348: 2346: 2332: 2326: 2325: 2323: 2321: 2306: 2300: 2299: 2297: 2295: 2281: 2275: 2274: 2272: 2270: 2255: 2249: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2229: 2223: 2222: 2220: 2218: 2203: 2197: 2192: 2186: 2185: 2183: 2181: 2166: 2160: 2159: 2157: 2155: 2141: 2094: 2089: 2088: 2080: 2075: 2074: 2073: 1932:Audience metrics 1551: 1481:31 October 2012 1471:31 October 2012 1445: 1444: 1119: 1116: 1110: 1098: 1097: 1090: 994:Superhit Muqabla 970:(1987–1988) and 836:Cathode-ray tube 757:(Malayalam) and 573: 566: 559: 415: 401: 400: 391: 384: 377: 363:India portal 361: 360: 359: 343:Incredible India 213:Physical culture 44: 18: 17: 7001: 7000: 6996: 6995: 6994: 6992: 6991: 6990: 6961: 6960: 6959: 6946: 6918:Public holidays 6803: 6749:Life expectancy 6664: 6663: 6636: 6563: 6532: 6437:Pharmaceuticals 6268: 6137: 6077: 6043:COVID-19 impact 6029: 5981: 5911: 5798: 5771: 5750: 5682: 5646: 5588: 5528: 5524:District Courts 5464: 5455:Chief Ministers 5353: 5332: 5282: 5234: 5172: 5146:Western coastal 5141:Eastern coastal 5128:Mountain passes 5061: 5047:Protected areas 4973: 4969:Stones of India 4937: 4905: 4884: 4853: 4839:Space programme 4809:Sino-Indian War 4804:Five-Year Plans 4782: 4677: 4644: 4635:Delhi Sultanate 4601: 4592:Middle kingdoms 4585:Middle Kingdoms 4580: 4512: 4420: 4407: 4404: 4374: 4369: 4341: 4309: 4300: 4281:Northern Cyprus 4267: 4260: 4002: 3999: 3969: 3964: 3918: 3912:Book censorship 3883: 3879:Cinema of India 3867: 3841: 3810: 3789: 3771: 3752:The News Minute 3732:SheThePeople.TV 3692:Khabar Lahariya 3654: 3623: 3618: 3588: 3583: 3535: 3432: 3422: 3420: 3390: 3347: 3343: 3333: 3331: 3329:Doing Sociology 3323: 3322: 3318: 3312:Wayback Machine 3303: 3299: 3289: 3287: 3279: 3278: 3274: 3264: 3262: 3252: 3248: 3238: 3231: 3222: 3216: 3209: 3199: 3195: 3189:Wayback Machine 3180: 3176: 3172:Express cricket 3170:Wayback Machine 3161: 3157: 3149: 3145: 3135: 3131: 3123: 3119: 3106:Company Profile 3104: 3100: 3092: 3085: 3078: 3074: 3066: 3062: 3047: 3043: 3034: 3033: 3029: 3021: 3017: 3004: 3003: 2999: 2989: 2987: 2982: 2981: 2977: 2969: 2965: 2957: 2953: 2945: 2941: 2927: 2926: 2922: 2914: 2910: 2905:on 26 May 2013. 2891: 2890: 2886: 2878: 2874: 2867: 2863: 2854: 2853: 2849: 2838: 2834: 2815: 2814: 2810: 2791: 2790: 2786: 2773: 2772: 2768: 2759: 2758: 2754: 2735: 2734: 2730: 2711: 2710: 2706: 2697: 2696: 2692: 2683: 2682: 2678: 2659: 2658: 2654: 2641: 2640: 2636: 2630:Wayback Machine 2621: 2614: 2606: 2602: 2592: 2590: 2582: 2581: 2577: 2569: 2565: 2564: 2560: 2550: 2548: 2544: 2537: 2531: 2527: 2517: 2515: 2505: 2501: 2490: 2486: 2476: 2474: 2461: 2457: 2446: 2442: 2432: 2430: 2428: 2408: 2404: 2395: 2394: 2390: 2378: 2376: 2367: 2366: 2358: 2354: 2344: 2342: 2334: 2333: 2329: 2319: 2317: 2308: 2307: 2303: 2293: 2291: 2283: 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6846: 6845: 6844: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6813: 6811: 6805: 6804: 6802: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6730: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6704: 6703: 6702: 6692: 6687: 6682: 6676: 6674: 6666: 6665: 6662: 6661: 6654: 6646: 6645: 6642: 6641: 6638: 6637: 6635: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6609: 6607:Income Tax Act 6604: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6584: 6583: 6582: 6571: 6569: 6565: 6564: 6562: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6540: 6538: 6534: 6533: 6531: 6530: 6529: 6528: 6523: 6518: 6513: 6508: 6503: 6498: 6497: 6496: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6460: 6459: 6449: 6444: 6442:Pulp and paper 6439: 6434: 6433: 6432: 6430:Iron and Steel 6427: 6417: 6416: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6400: 6390: 6385: 6384: 6383: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6352: 6351: 6350: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6294: 6293: 6292: 6287: 6276: 6274: 6270: 6269: 6267: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6216: 6214:Madhya Pradesh 6211: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6149:Andhra Pradesh 6145: 6143: 6139: 6138: 6136: 6135: 6134: 6133: 6128: 6123: 6113: 6108: 6107: 6106: 6096: 6091: 6085: 6083: 6079: 6078: 6076: 6075: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6053:Liberalisation 6050: 6045: 6039: 6037: 6031: 6030: 6028: 6027: 6026: 6025: 6020: 6010: 6005: 6000: 5995: 5989: 5987: 5983: 5982: 5980: 5979: 5974: 5973: 5972: 5967: 5957: 5956: 5955: 5950: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5930: 5919: 5917: 5913: 5912: 5910: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5818: 5817: 5806: 5804: 5800: 5799: 5797: 5796: 5791: 5785: 5783: 5773: 5772: 5760: 5759: 5756: 5755: 5752: 5751: 5749: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5692: 5690: 5684: 5683: 5681: 5680: 5675: 5670: 5664: 5662: 5656: 5655: 5652: 5651: 5648: 5647: 5645: 5644: 5639: 5634: 5629: 5624: 5619: 5614: 5609: 5604: 5598: 5596: 5590: 5589: 5587: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5551: 5545: 5543: 5536: 5530: 5529: 5527: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5505: 5504: 5494: 5489: 5484: 5478: 5472: 5466: 5465: 5463: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5446: 5445: 5440: 5430: 5425: 5423:Civil Services 5420: 5415: 5413:Prime Minister 5410: 5408:Vice President 5405: 5400: 5399: 5398: 5393: 5383: 5378: 5373: 5367: 5365: 5355: 5354: 5342: 5341: 5338: 5337: 5334: 5333: 5331: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5304:Nature worship 5301: 5296: 5290: 5288: 5284: 5283: 5281: 5280: 5275: 5273:Municipalities 5270: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5244: 5242: 5236: 5235: 5233: 5232: 5227: 5226: 5225: 5220: 5210: 5205: 5204: 5203: 5193: 5188: 5182: 5180: 5174: 5173: 5171: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5149: 5148: 5143: 5138: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5098:Extreme points 5095: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5069: 5067: 5063: 5062: 5060: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5042:National parks 5039: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5004: 5002:Climate change 4999: 4994: 4989: 4983: 4981: 4975: 4974: 4972: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4956: 4951: 4945: 4943: 4939: 4938: 4936: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4919: 4917: 4907: 4906: 4894: 4893: 4890: 4889: 4886: 4885: 4883: 4882: 4877: 4872: 4867: 4861: 4859: 4855: 4854: 4852: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4836: 4834:Smiling Buddha 4831: 4826: 4821: 4816: 4811: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4790: 4788: 4784: 4783: 4781: 4780: 4775: 4770: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4739: 4738: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4711:1857 rebellion 4708: 4703: 4698: 4696:Princely state 4693: 4687: 4685: 4679: 4678: 4676: 4675: 4670: 4668:European trade 4665: 4660: 4654: 4652: 4646: 4645: 4643: 4642: 4637: 4632: 4627: 4622: 4617: 4615:Medieval India 4611: 4609: 4603: 4602: 4600: 4599: 4594: 4588: 4586: 4582: 4581: 4579: 4578: 4573: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4551:Yavana Kingdom 4548: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4522: 4520: 4514: 4513: 4511: 4510: 4505: 4500: 4498:Paper currency 4495: 4490: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4444: 4443: 4438: 4432: 4430: 4422: 4421: 4409: 4408: 4403: 4402: 4395: 4388: 4380: 4371: 4370: 4368: 4367: 4357: 4346: 4343: 4342: 4340: 4339: 4334: 4329: 4324: 4319: 4313: 4311: 4302: 4301: 4299: 4298: 4293: 4288: 4283: 4278: 4272: 4270: 4262: 4261: 4259: 4258: 4253: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4163: 4158: 4153: 4148: 4143: 4138: 4133: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4078: 4073: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4033: 4028: 4023: 4018: 4012: 4010: 4004: 4003: 3998: 3997: 3990: 3983: 3975: 3966: 3965: 3963: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3932: 3926: 3924: 3920: 3919: 3917: 3916: 3915: 3914: 3909: 3899: 3893: 3891: 3885: 3884: 3882: 3881: 3875: 3873: 3869: 3868: 3866: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3849: 3847: 3843: 3842: 3840: 3839: 3834: 3829: 3824: 3818: 3816: 3812: 3811: 3809: 3808: 3803: 3797: 3795: 3791: 3790: 3788: 3787: 3781: 3779: 3773: 3772: 3770: 3769: 3764: 3759: 3754: 3749: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3709: 3704: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3684: 3679: 3673: 3668: 3662: 3660: 3656: 3655: 3653: 3652: 3647: 3642: 3637: 3631: 3629: 3625: 3624: 3621:Media of India 3617: 3616: 3609: 3602: 3594: 3585: 3584: 3582: 3581: 3576: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3551: 3545: 3543: 3537: 3536: 3534: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3498: 3493: 3488: 3483: 3478: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3453: 3448: 3442: 3440: 3434: 3433: 3419: 3418: 3411: 3404: 3396: 3389: 3388: 3341: 3316: 3297: 3272: 3246: 3229: 3207: 3193: 3174: 3155: 3143: 3129: 3117: 3098: 3083: 3072: 3070:AEJMC Archives 3060: 3041: 3027: 3015: 2997: 2975: 2963: 2951: 2939: 2920: 2908: 2884: 2872: 2861: 2847: 2832: 2829:on 8 May 2013. 2808: 2784: 2766: 2752: 2728: 2725:on 8 May 2013. 2704: 2690: 2676: 2652: 2634: 2612: 2600: 2588:early times.in 2575: 2558: 2547:on 2 July 2015 2525: 2499: 2484: 2455: 2440: 2426: 2420:. p. 41. 2402: 2388: 2379:|journal= 2352: 2327: 2316:. 19 July 2011 2301: 2276: 2250: 2233:"TV IN BOMBAY" 2224: 2198: 2187: 2161: 2135: 2133: 2130: 2129: 2128: 2123: 2118: 2112: 2107: 2096: 2095: 2081: 2065: 2062: 2049: 2046: 2009: 2006: 1982: 1979: 1954: 1951: 1942: 1939: 1933: 1930: 1911: 1908: 1876: 1873: 1872: 1871: 1868:Andhra pradesh 1849: 1848: 1847: 1846: 1843: 1840: 1833: 1828:40 TV channel 1826: 1820: 1819: 1809: 1797: 1777:Aksh Optifiber 1753: 1750: 1648:Sun TV Network 1616:Main article: 1613: 1610: 1596:has 9 cities, 1589: 1586: 1558: 1555: 1546: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1533: 1532: 1531:31 March 2017 1529: 1526: 1520: 1519: 1518:31 March 2013 1516: 1513: 1507: 1506: 1501: 1495: 1494: 1489: 1483: 1482: 1479: 1473: 1472: 1469: 1464: 1458: 1457: 1454: 1451: 1450:(planned date) 1391: 1388: 1370: 1367: 1186:Main article: 1183: 1180: 1172:Prasar Bharati 1167: 1164: 1122: 1121: 1102: 1100: 1093: 1087: 1084: 925:Prasar Bharati 917:Prasar Bharati 813: 810: 700:Sun TV Network 668:Prasar Bharati 579: 578: 576: 575: 568: 561: 553: 550: 549: 548: 547: 542: 537: 529: 528: 524: 523: 522: 521: 516: 511: 506: 501: 496: 491: 486: 481: 476: 471: 466: 461: 456: 451: 446: 438: 437: 433: 432: 431: 430: 422: 421: 420:Main articles: 417: 416: 408: 407: 397: 396: 394: 393: 386: 379: 371: 368: 367: 366: 365: 350: 349: 346: 345: 340: 335: 330: 325: 319: 316: 315: 312: 311: 308: 307: 302: 297: 292: 287: 282: 276: 273: 272: 269: 268: 265: 264: 259: 258: 257: 252: 247: 242: 232: 227: 222: 221: 220: 215: 205: 204: 203: 198: 193: 183: 177: 174: 173: 170: 169: 166: 165: 160: 155: 150: 145: 140: 135: 130: 125: 120: 115: 110: 105: 99: 96: 95: 92: 91: 88: 87: 82: 77: 72: 67: 62: 56: 53: 52: 49: 48: 38: 37: 27: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6998: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6968: 6966: 6941: 6938: 6937: 6936: 6933: 6929: 6926: 6925: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6892: 6889: 6888: 6887: 6884: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6859: 6855: 6852: 6851: 6850: 6847: 6843: 6840: 6839: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6814: 6812: 6810: 6806: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6709: 6708: 6705: 6701: 6698: 6697: 6696: 6693: 6691: 6688: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6678: 6677: 6675: 6671: 6667: 6660: 6656: 6655: 6651: 6647: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6622:Insurance Act 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6612:Companies Act 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6581: 6578: 6577: 6576: 6573: 6572: 6570: 6566: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6541: 6539: 6535: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6495: 6492: 6491: 6490: 6487: 6486: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6458: 6457:Biotechnology 6455: 6454: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6422: 6421: 6418: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6395: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6382: 6379: 6378: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6361:Entertainment 6359: 6357: 6354: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6329: 6328: 6325: 6324: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6282: 6281: 6278: 6277: 6275: 6271: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6259:Uttar Pradesh 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6146: 6144: 6140: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6118: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6105: 6102: 6101: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6086: 6084: 6080: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6040: 6038: 6036: 6032: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6015: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5990: 5988: 5984: 5978: 5975: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5962: 5961: 5958: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5943:Digital rupee 5941: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5925: 5924: 5921: 5920: 5918: 5914: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5902:Make in India 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5857:Foreign trade 5855: 5853: 5852:External debt 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5816: 5813: 5812: 5811: 5808: 5807: 5805: 5801: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5786: 5784: 5782: 5778: 5774: 5770: 5765: 5761: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5693: 5691: 5689: 5685: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5665: 5663: 5661: 5657: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5623: 5620: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5599: 5597: 5595: 5591: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5546: 5544: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5531: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5514:Chief Justice 5512: 5510: 5509:Supreme Court 5507: 5503: 5500: 5499: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5479: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5467: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5435: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5388: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5376:Energy policy 5374: 5372: 5369: 5368: 5366: 5364: 5360: 5356: 5352: 5347: 5343: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5291: 5289: 5285: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5245: 5243: 5241: 5237: 5231: 5228: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5215: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5202: 5199: 5198: 5197: 5194: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5183: 5181: 5179: 5175: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5136:Indo-Gangetic 5134: 5133: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5070: 5068: 5064: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4984: 4982: 4980: 4976: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4946: 4944: 4940: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4920: 4918: 4916: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4899: 4895: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4862: 4860: 4856: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4844:The Emergency 4842: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4791: 4789: 4785: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4737: 4734: 4733: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4688: 4686: 4684: 4680: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4655: 4653: 4651: 4647: 4641: 4638: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4612: 4610: 4608: 4604: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4589: 4587: 4583: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4566:Kushan Empire 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4541:Mahajanapadas 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4523: 4521: 4519: 4515: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4445: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4433: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4414: 4410: 4401: 4396: 4394: 4389: 4387: 4382: 4381: 4378: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4356: 4348: 4347: 4344: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4314: 4312: 4307: 4303: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4291:South Ossetia 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4273: 4271: 4269: 4263: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 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