955:
1679:
899:
2376:
2963:
1268:
3107:
criminal leaders who help aid disruption in the North
Caucasus and throughout Russia. Operations include both direct action against bandit holdouts in Southern Russia as well as high-profile arrests in more densely populated cities and guarding government officials. Because of its initials, this group is casually referred to as "Smerch". With the Centre of Special Operations and its elite units, many FSB special forces units operate at the regional level. These detachments are usually known as ROSN or ROSO (Regional Department of Special Designation), such as
1103:
395:
3588:
1603:
3556:
2683:
2633:
1670:
hostages were killed as a result of the crisis, including 186 children. Official reports on how many members of Russia's special forces died in the fighting varied from 11, 12, 16 (7 Alpha and 9 Vega) to more than 20 killed. There are only 10 names on the special forces monument in Beslan. The fatalities included all three commanders of the assault group: Colonel Oleg Ilyin, Lieutenant
Colonel Dmitry Razumovsky of Vega, and Major Alexander Perov of Alpha. At least 30 commandos suffered serious wounds.
1836:
2838:
2506:
1284:
2364:
342:
75:
2292:. In 2009, a Directorate of Special Operations was established that reported directly to the General Staff not the GRU to establish the Special Operations Forces which in 2013 became the Special Operations Forces Command. Most Russian military special forces units are known by their type of formation (company, battalion or brigade) and a number, like other Soviet or Russian military units. Two exceptions were the ethnic Chechen
1581:
the approved recovery position and then choking to death. Russian security agencies refused to disclose the gas used in the attack leading to doctors in local hospitals being unable to respond adequately to the influx of casualties. All but two of the hostages who died during the siege were killed by the toxic substance pumped into the theatre to subdue the militants. The use of the gas was widely condemned as heavy-handed.
34:
232:
3175:
2846:
3183:
177:
1360:, where they stormed the main police station and the city hall. After several hours of fighting and Russian reinforcements imminent, the Chechens retreated to the residential district and regrouped in the city hospital, where they took between 1,500 and 1,800 hostages, most of them civilians (including about 150 children and a number of women with newborn infants).
1375:
on the hospital. At least 11 Russian police officers and 14 soldiers were killed. Basayev's force suffered 11 men killed and one missing; most of their bodies were returned to
Chechnya in a special freezer truck. In the years following the hostage-taking, more than 40 of the surviving attackers were tracked down and have been assassinated, including
1367:'s Alpha Group, alongside MVD militsiya and Internal Troops. The strike force attacked the hospital compound at dawn on the fourth day, meeting fierce resistance. After several hours of fighting in which many hostages were killed by crossfire, a local ceasefire was agreed, and 227 hostages were released; 61 others were freed by the Russian forces.
6277:
1702:'s Foreign Policy magazine named Russia as "the worst place to be a terrorist", particularly highlighting Russia's willingness to prioritize national security over civil rights. By 2010, Russian special forces, led by the FSB, had managed to eliminate the top leadership of the Chechen insurgency, except for
1889:. The spetsnaz including the "Zaslon" unit embedded themselves within the Ukrainian population disguised in civilian clothes and Ukrainian military uniform with the intention to assassinate, eliminate or arrest leading political figures. The Zaslon unit is the assassination arm for covert missions of the
2204:
In Russia, in 2013 a
Special Operations Forces Command was established for Special Operations Forces which had earlier been established from around 2009 following a study of Western special-operations forces units and commands. The Command was not under the control of the GRU but reported directly to
1763:
In response to the insurgent threats, Russian special forces cracked down on suspected terrorist organizations, making several arrests and claiming to have curbed several plots, and killed numerous
Islamist leaders including Eldar Magatov, a suspect in attacks on Russian targets and alleged leader of
1374:
According to official figures, 129 civilians were killed and 415 were injured in the entire event (of whom 18 later died of their wounds). This includes at least 105 hostage fatalities. However, according to an independent estimate 166 hostages were killed and 541 injured in the special forces attack
1240:
response, Alpha group operators first identified the terrorists using local sources, then moved into the
Lebanese villages where the terrorists were from and took their relatives as hostages. Some of the hostages were dismembered, and their body parts sent to the hostage takers, with the threat that
3106:
Spetsgruppa "S", abbreviation of the
Directorate C (Russian Cyrillic for S), also known as Smerch, but also known as the Special Operations Executive (SOE), is a relatively new unit formed in July 1999. Officers from Smerch are frequently involved with the capture and transfer of various bandit and
1544:
Due to the disposition of the theatre, special forces would have had to fight through 100 feet (30 m) of corridor and attack up a well defended staircase, before they could reach the hall in where the hostages were held. The terrorists also had explosive devices. The most powerful of these was
1134:
or "Veil", lasted from 1984 to 1988, which aimed to close off the Afghan-Pakistani border and cut off supply routes coming in from
Pakistan. The operation caused great distress to the mujahedin war effort, with Spetsnaz units intercepting 990 supply caravans and killing 17,000 insurgents. For their
1729:
In 2011, Federal
Security Service exposed 199 foreign spies, including 41 professional spies and 158 agents employed by foreign intelligence services. The number has risen in recent years: in 2006 the FSB reportedly caught about 27 foreign intelligence officers and 89 foreign agents. Comparing the
1709:
From 2009, the level of terrorism in Russia increased again. Particularly worrisome was the increase in suicide attacks. While between
February 2005 and August 2008, no civilians were killed in such attacks, in 2008 at least 17 were killed and in 2009 the number rose to 45. In March 2010, Islamist
1580:
During the raid, all of the attackers were killed, with no casualties among spetsnaz, but about 130 hostages, including nine foreigners, died due to poor first aid after falling unconscious from the gas. Most died after being evacuated from the theatre and laid outside on their backs instead of in
859:
medal that Koltsov claimed to have been awarded for the deed. Koltsov, 74 at the time of the interview, stated that he wanted to clear his conscience and uncover what exactly had happened to Crabb. Peter Mercer of the Special Boat Service describes this incident in his autobiography: "The cruiser
1191:
in March 1986. According to Soviet sources, the battle was actually fought between the GRU's 15th Spetsnaz Brigade, and the Usama Bin Zaid regiment of Afghan Mujahideen under Commander Assadullah, belonging to Abdul rub a-Rasul Sayyaf's faction. Fighting is also alleged to have taken place during
1809:
Since its inception, the OGV combined operations has conducted 40,000 special missions, destroyed 5,000 bases and caches, confiscated 30,000 weapons, and disarmed 80,000 explosive devices and in the process has killed over 10,000 insurgents in the time frame of 15 years. The Ministry of Internal
1614:
started on 1 September 2004, lasted three days and involved the capture of over 1,100 people as hostages (including 777 children), ending with the death of 334 people. The event led to security and political repercussions in Russia; in the aftermath of the crisis, there has been an increase in
1669:
On the third day of the standoff, counter terrorism units stormed the building using heavy weapons after several explosions rocked the building and children started escaping. It was in this chaos most of the officers were killed, trying to protect escaping children from gun fire. At least 334
734:
missions, platoon sized insertions by sea and on occasion on land into Finland and later Norway. They began conducting sabotage missions and raids to snatch prisoners for interrogation. They would also destroy German ammunition and supply depots, communication centers, and harass enemy troop
931:
Their mission was twofold: first of all, to help a communist nation defeat an American ally, and secondly, test and evaluate their most sophisticated radars and missiles directly against the best aircraft America could deploy. Soviets recovered at least two very important pieces of American
767:
and had to identify 100% with their mission. Many exhausted and wounded soldiers were, even in training, left to their own devices. The selection methods qualified the troops as elite but caused high numbers of casualties. The "miners" infiltrated foreign-occupied areas by air and land, and
3165:
However, mere existence of such group within SVR is denied by Russian authorities. Nevertheless, there were some rumors that such group does indeed exist and is assigned to execute very specific special operations abroad primarily for protection of Russian embassy personnel and internal
3748:
features five spetsnaz operators named Glaz, Fuze, Kapkan, Tachanka, and Finka. In another Tom Clancy game, Endwar, Spetsnaz Guard Brigades is the name of the élite branch of the Russian army. The spetsnaz have also been referenced and featured multiple times in the video game series
1778:
Although crime has been markedly reduced and stability increased throughout Russia compared to the previous year, about 350 militants in the North Caucasus have been killed in anti-terror operations in the first four months of 2014, according to an announcement by Interior Minister
2877:. The task is to protect ships and other fleet assets from enemy underwater special forces. The term "combat swimmers" is correct term in relation to the staff of the OSNB PDSS. Every PDSS unit has approximately 50–60 combat swimmers. There are PDSS units in all major Naval Bases.
327:
is a Russian term, it is typically associated with the special units of Russia, but other post-Soviet states often refer to their special forces units by the term as well, since these nations also inherited their special purpose units from the now-defunct Soviet security agencies.
3166:
investigations. It is believed that the group is deep undercover and consists of approximately 300–500 highly experienced operatives speaking several languages and having extensive record of operations while serving in other secret units of the Russian military.
860:
was carrying the two Soviet leaders, Khrushchev and Bulganin, on a goodwill visit to Britain. His task was to measure the cruiser's propeller and to discover how the ship managed to travel at twice the speed originally estimated by British naval intelligence."
1738:
arrested by us since the time when German agents were sent in during the years of World War II." The 2011 figure is similar to what was reported in 1995–1996, when around 400 foreign intelligence agents were uncovered during the two-year period.
1897:. It is presumed that small fire teams of spetsnaz entered Ukraine before the beginning of the invasion with the mission of obtaining precise intelligence on specific personnel to plan special operations to harm or stop personnel of importance.
707:, was to be recruited from the fleet's athletes and have an initial size of 65 to 70 personnel. Later the unit was renamed the 181st Special Reconnaissance Detachment. They were trained as frogmen. The most prominent of these new recruits was
3059:
unit of the FSB. Consisting of about 720 personnel, of which about 250–300 are trained for assault operations and the rest are support personnel. These are dispersed in five operational detachments, including one permanent detachment in the
4200:Сергей Козлов. Книга 3. Афганистан. Звёздный час спецназа. 1979—1989 // Спецназ ГРУ: Очерки истории / под ред. Герасимова Д. М.. — Москва: Русская панорама, 2013. — С. 30, 34—58, 61—81, 92—172, 186—539, 729—735. — 736 с. — 3000 экз. —
3680:
inherited its spetsnaz units from the remnants of the Soviet armed forces, GRU and KGB units. Ukraine now maintains its own spetsnaz structure under the control of the Ministry of Interior, and under the Ministry of Defence, while the
6123:
6261:
3095:-era KGB special units—Cascade (Kaskad) and Zenith (Zenit). Its modern function is the protection of strategic installations, such as factories and transportation centers. With its Alpha counterparts, it is heavily used in the
954:
2442:
1979:
1398:
6514:
3145:
2223:
of Belarus that was formed from the inherited personnel and operators after the break up of the Soviet Union. KGB of Belarus has its own Spetsgruppa "A" (Alpha Group), which is the country's primary counter-terrorism unit.
316:(GRU). Today it refers to special forces branches and task forces subordinate to ministries including defence, internal affairs, or emergency situations in countries that have inherited their special purpose units from the
1130:, to a Soviet spetsnaz air-assault. The Spetsnaz achieved victory by knocking out several rebel positions above the base, a mile-long series of fortified caves in a remote canyon. A successful long-term campaign codenamed
1549:; if detonated, it could have brought down the ceiling and caused casualties in excess of 80% of the auditorium's occupants. After a two-and-a-half-day siege and the execution of two hostages, spetsnaz operators from the
3536:(known as the OMSN from 2002 to 2011) rapid-response units consisting of experienced, better-trained and -equipped officers. The Chechen Republic has unique and highly autonomous special-police formations, supervised by
3697:
as it was alleged to have been used by the government to quell the uprising. However, this is disputed as many officers were also wounded and killed in the action. Current Ukrainian spetsnaz units with soviet lineage:
735:
concentrations along the Finnish and Russian coasts. When the European conflict ended, the Naval Scouts were sent to fight the Japanese. Leonov along with Capt. Kulebyakin and 140 men, landed on a Japanese airfield at
2434:
5609:
After fighting in the civil war, Starinov joined the GRU. In the 1930s, he became one of the founders of GRU Spetsnaz forces, preparing Soviet soldiers and foreign communists to conduct operations behind invaders'
5759:
1370:
A second Russian attack on the hospital a few hours later also failed and so did a third, resulting in even more casualties. The Russian authorities accused the Chechens of using the hostages as human shields.
3047:
TsSN FSB headquarters is a large complex of buildings and training areas, with dozens of hectares of land and scores of training facilities. The average training period for a TsSN officer is about five years.
1747:
Olympic organizers received several threats prior to the Games. In a July 2013 video release, Chechen Islamist commander Dokka Umarov called for attacks on the Games, stating that the Games were being staged
544:
and their purportedly incredible prowess, from the serious to the highly questionable, have captivated the imagination of Russians. A number of books about the Soviet military special forces, such as 1987's
2113:(in that office from 1967 to 1982) established the first counter-terrorist unit. From the late 1970s through to the 1980s, a number of special-purpose units were founded in the KGB (1954–1991) and in the
1016:
In the first one and a half years of the war, Spetsnaz units in the form of the 459th special forces company, were exclusively responsible for reconnaissance missions and intelligence gathering for the
2978:) is officially tasked with combating terrorism and protecting the constitutional order of the Russian Federation. The TsSN FSB consists of estimated 4,000 operators in at least 5 operative divisions:
801:
dissolved most of the special units. At the end of the 1950s the KGB and GRU set new special forces units up. The 3rd guard special-reconnaissance-brigade was founded in 1966, being stationed with the
2136:
Spetsgruppa "V", abbreviation of the Directorate в (Russian Cyrillic for V), also known as "Vega" in period 1993–1995, was formed in 1981, merging two elite Cold War-era KGB special units—Cascade (
1655:
2398:
2276:) under the General Staff. They were heavily involved in secret operations and training pro-Russian forces in the civil war in Chechnya during the 1990s and 2000s. In 2010, as a result of the
1760:
under the demands of Umarov, and a number of National Olympic Committees had also received threats via e-mail, threatening that terrorists would kidnap or "blow up" athletes during the Games.
6127:
4773:
3238:) paramilitary units to combat internal threats to the government, such as insurgencies and mutinies. These units usually have a unique name and an official OSN (previously known as OSNAZ (
783:
were dropped by parachute in nine groups. Up to 300 km behind the enemy lines, they blew up 700 km of railways in cooperation with local partisans, using 3,500 explosive charges.
4218:
2247:
Kokhzal (meaning wolf pack in Kazakh language) is a special forces unit of Kazakhstan responsible for carrying out anti terror operations as well as serving as a protection detail for the
723:, after which he joined 4th Special Volunteer Detachment, where he proved his daring and leadership skills conducting numerous clandestine operations and twice being awarded the title of
739:, unaware that they were opposed by over 3,500 enemy soldiers. A tense standoff ensued, until the commanding officers of the unit managed to bluff the Japanese forces into surrendering.
5193:
1021:. Aside from reconnaissance, the 459th was also tasked with capturing prisoners, kidnapping enemy agents, and targeted assassination of leaders and field commanders of the Mujahideen.
6018:Сергей Козлов. Спецназ ГРУ: Очерки истории. // Том 5. Новейшая история. 1999–2010 гг.. — Москва: Русская панорама, 2010. — P. 40-41, 44–50, 65, 336–337, 492–493. — 400 p. — 3 000 экз.
5980:Сергей Козлов. Спецназ ГРУ: Очерки истории. // Том 5. Новейшая история. 1999–2010 гг.. — Москва: Русская панорама, 2010. — P. 40-41, 44–50, 65, 335–336, 492–493. — 400 p. — 3 000 экз.
5835:
1435:
of separatist leadership, in the meantime inflicting heavy casualties among Islamist separatists. Some of these successful missions were directed against separatist leaders such as
5478:"The subdivision of the National Guard Forces Command of the Chechen Republic is destroyed near Kiev, commander of the regiment Tushaev is killed - Ministry of Defense of Ukraine"
2148:(responsible for clandestine / covert operations involving sabotage and assassination in other countries) and re-designated for counter-terrorist and counter-sabotage operations.
1694:
By the mid-2000s, the special forces gained a firm upper hand over separatists and terrorist attacks in Russia dwindled, falling from 257 in 2005 to 48 in 2007. Military analyst
4243:«Спецназ на тропе войны». Волков Александр Владиленович. Научный сотрудник музея «Шурави» (недоступная ссылка). Дата обращения 20 октября 2015. Архивировано 20 ноября 2015 года.
4921:
3689:. The term "Alpha" is also used by many other post Soviet states such as Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan as these units are based on the Soviet Union's Alpha Group. Ukraine's
3471:
Furthermore, the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR/Russia also had numerous naval detachments that conducted maritime operations. These include:
3091:
Spetsgruppa "V", abbreviation of the Directorate в (Russian Cyrillic for V), also known as "Vega" in period 1993–1995, was formed in 1981, continues the lineage of two elite
1814:
has been awarded to 93 MVD servicemen in the OGV (including 66 posthumously). Overall, more than 23,000 MVD troops have received honors for their conduct during operations.
5421:
2079:. These companies were later expanded to battalions and then to brigades. However, some separate companies (orSpN) and detachments (ooSpN) existed with brigades until the
5725:
4072:
1078:
1042:
5756:
1698:
praised the effectiveness of Russia's security agencies, saying that the experience learned in Chechnya and Dagestan had been key to the success. In 2008, the American
6712:
2237:
530:
development in Russian language. The Soviet public used to know very little about their country's special forces until many state secrets were disclosed under the
5742:
1363:
After three days of siege, the Russian authorities ordered the security forces to retake the hospital compound. The forces deployed were elite personnel from the
4889:
2830:
1224:. The Kremlin had been informed of the kidnapping of four Soviet diplomats by the militant group, the Islamic Liberation Organization (a radical offshoot of the
5394:
5138:
5123:
2006:
3770:
have a 'scar competition' in which they show healed wounds (and describe how they occurred) from injuries they incurred whilst on several spetsnaz operations.
855:
hull near the ammunition depot and cut his throat. In an interview for a Russian documentary film, Koltsov showed the dagger he allegedly used, as well as an
1966:
1114:
had great respect for the Spetsnaz, seeing them as a much more difficult opponent than the typical Soviet conscript soldier. They said that the Spetsnaz-led
4690:
2311:
The FSB Spetsnaz maintain a training base near the village of Averkyevo. There is a "killing house" providing training similar to the SAS close to Moscow.
2284:, being "directly subordinated to commanders of combined strategic commands." However, in 2013, these spetsnaz forces were placed back under the GRU. The
6149:
2220:
1035:
By 1985, the GRU had expanded its special forces footprint to two Spetsnaz brigades in Afghanistan, comprising just under 5,000 troops. These were the:
1584:
Physicians in Moscow condemned the refusal to disclose the identity of the gas that prevented them from saving more lives. Some reports said the drug
6727:
5343:
675:, new units of storm pioneers, parachuters, NKVD and GRU were set up. Thereby the soviets merged existing experiences and started to unify different
4762:
5215:
2236:
to be used by its special forces. The Almaty territorial unit of Alpha was turned into the special unit Arystan (meaning "Lions" in Kazakh) of the
1259:
Either way, the show of brutal force had its effect, and for the next 20 years no Soviet or Russian officials were taken captive, until June 2006.
1244:
Russian sources indicate that the release of the Soviet hostages was the result of extensive diplomatic negotiations with the spiritual leader of
5900:
Nikolsky, Alexey (2015). "Little, Green and Polite: The Creation of Russian Special Operations Forces". In Howard, Colby; Pukhov, Ruslan (eds.).
4222:
3708:
3702:
2056:) detachments, including many saboteur teams who were airdropped into enemy-occupied territories to work with (and often take over and lead) the
5060:
6450:"Сотрудники ОСН "Росомаха" УФСИН Росси по Ямало-Ненецкому автономному округу признаны победителями регионального чемпионата по рукопашному бою"
5366:
3998:
3714:
3140:
2778:
1860:
1634:
The crisis began when a group of armed radical Islamist combatants, mostly Ingush and Chechen, occupied School Number One (SNO) in the town of
5201:
928:
was with Studies and Observation Group RT Idaho and had two encounters with what they believed were spetsnaz units operating in Laos in 1968.
736:
2219:
The 5th Spetsnaz Brigade is a special forces brigade of the Armed Forces of Belarus, formerly part of the Soviet spetsnaz. In addition, the
6722:
2673:
1379:
in 2002 and Shamil Basayev in 2006, and more than 20 were sentenced, by the Stavropol territorial court, to various terms of imprisonment.
1310:
After the collapse of the USSR, spetsnaz forces of the Soviet Union's newly formed republics took part in many local conflicts such as the
1074:
1764:
an insurgent group in the Babyurt district of Dagestan. Dokka Umarov himself was poisoned on 6 August 2013, and died on 7 September 2013.
5502:
Interfax: A unit of the Rosguard of Chechnya was defeated near Kyiv, the regiment commander Tushayev was killed - the Ministry of Defense
4219:""Soviet Special Forces (Spetsnaz): Experience in Afghanistan" by Gusinov, Timothy – Military Review, Vol. 82, Issue 2, March/April 2002"
3080:. All Alpha operators undergo airborne, mountain and counter-sabotage dive training. Alpha has operated in other countries, most notably
2726:
1971:"War on the Rocks" reports that various Russian special missions units have been openly supporting Syrian army units, and along with the
317:
4929:
835:
diver who vanished during a reconnaissance mission around a Soviet cruiser berthed at Portsmouth Dockyard in 1956. In November 2007 the
5442:
2792:
4301:
2269:
2181:
550:
6229:
6201:
1118:
operations had changed the complexion of the war. They also credited the Spetsnaz with closing down all the supply routes along the
966:
of 1979–1989 in Afghanistan, usually fighting fast insertion/extraction-type warfare with helicopters. Their most famous operation,
6078:
2114:
2041:
4825:
6610:
5417:
5104:
4472:
5722:
4491:
4082:
3568:
1840:
6526:
3139:
of the KGB of the USSR, has its own top secret elite special force within the Operations Department of Directorate Z known as
2449:
Following units belong to their specific military branches, but come under GRU operational control during wartime operations.
715:
in 1937. He was assigned to a submarine training detachment and then transferred to a repair station in the Northern Fleet at
646:
Since 1927 Russians were experimenting with parachutes. Airborne units were used against central Asian and Afghan insurgents.
5909:
5870:
5595:
4596:
4205:
4182:
4037:
3974:
3132:
2289:
1890:
1864:
4735:
2090:
included fourteen land brigades, two naval brigades and a number of separate detachments and companies, operating under the
5963:
5865:. CANSOFCOM Education & Research Centre Monograph Series. Ottawa, Ontario: Canadian Special Operations Forces Command.
5034:
4714:
4632:
2240:
of Kazakhstan. In 2006, five members of Arystan were arrested and charged with the kidnapping of the opposition politician
1714:, which killed 40 people. One of the two blasts took place at Lubyanka station, near the FSB headquarters. Militant leader
1570:
1562:
1394:
1388:
5389:
4795:
4454:
2303:(East and West) that existed during the 2000s. Below is a 2012 list of special purpose units in the Russian Armed Forces:
1507:. During these missions, many operators received honors for their courage and prowess in combat, including with the title
195:
187:
6341:"Отдел специального назначения "Россы" ГУФСИН России по Свердловской области отпраздновал 21-ю годовщину со дня создания"
6257:
6032:
4564:
2293:
2187:
In total, by December 1991, at the time of the collapse of the USSR, the GRU reconnaissance and sabotage formations had:
2157:
2091:
1349:
1343:
1296:
990:
2025:
capabilities to overcome disadvantages faced by conventional forces in the field. In the 1930s the "grandfather of the
920:, rumors persisted for years that men with blue eyes were reportedly spotted doing recon missions and testing their new
5590:. Historical Dictionaries of Intelligence and Counterintelligence (2 ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 295.
5256:
3786:
3576:
3505:
2406:
2380:
1987:
139:
5857:
5556:
4899:
6717:
6653:
6385:"Офицеры ОСН АЙСБЕРГ – Официальный сайт Филиала "Красная Поляна" Южного межрегионального учебного центра ФСИН России"
5281:
3944:
3744:
2368:
1852:
1187:
fighting the Soviets. A battle reported as having been fought between the Pakistanis and Soviet troops took place in
821:
802:
623:(The All-Russian Extraordinary Commission), fighting counterrevolution and (alleged) sabotage. They took part in the
399:
381:
276:
213:
158:
111:
61:
3524:) police special forces stationed in nearly every Russian city. Most of Russia's special-police officers belong to
1882:
1876:
1773:
671:
fighting fascists behind their lines using guerilla strategies. Fighting Germany, Japan, Poland and Finland in the
598:
6007:
5531:
4680:
4154:
2244:, his driver, and his bodyguard; the three victims were then allegedly delivered to the people who murdered them.
5260:
5008:
4495:
4347:
2080:
1749:
933:
5933:
5035:"More and more evidence implicates authorities in Beslan disaster. Beslan's tragic end: Spontaneous or planned?"
118:
1811:
1806:, Chechnya to command all Russian (MOD, MVD, FSB) operations from the start of the second Chechen war in 1999.
1508:
498:
in their full names. Regular forces assigned to special tasks were sometimes also referred to by terms such as
363:
96:
1990:, reportedly conducted mainly sniper/counter-sniper, sabotage and reconnaissance missions behind enemy lines.
5241:
3690:
3254:(also known as the Dzerzhinsky Division). OBrON (Independent Special Designation Brigade) VV special groups (
1848:
1731:
1678:
1520:
1327:
6319:"ОСН "Факел" УФСИН России по Московской области принял участие в Международной выставке "Интерполитех-2013""
5836:""V" For "Vympel": FSB's Secretive Department "V" Behind Assassination of Georgian Asylum Seeker in Germany"
5338:
1326:. Spetsnaz forces also have been called upon to resolve several high-profile hostage situations such as the
4361:
3801:
3796:
3603:
3596:
3560:
3541:
3287:
2795:(OMRP) – Reconnaissance divers under operational subordination to the Main Intelligence Directorate (GRU).
2277:
2169:
1530:
1331:
1315:
1229:
1038:
6174:
1623:
ethnic hostility, while contributing to a series of federal government reforms consolidating power in the
125:
6363:"В ОСН(б) "Акула" УФСИН России по Краснодарскому краю прошли испытания на право ношения крапового берета"
5859:
Developments in Russian Special Operations – Russia's Spetsnaz, SOF and Special Operations Forces Command
4168:
3682:
2510:
2496:
2145:
2017:
originally proposed the concept of using special tactics and strategies. Svechnykov (executed during the
1912:
1885:
the Russian Spetsnaz entered Kyiv in a failed attempt to hunt down Ukrainian leaders including President
1139:, the Spetsnaz suffered a total of 570 killed with a further 11 missing. Casualty breakdown by unit was:
937:
883:
5990:
5166:
4266:
1658:, sent by the Chechen terrorist warlord Shamil Basayev, who demanded recognition of the independence of
1415:
Russian special forces were instrumental in Russia's and the Kremlin backed government's success in the
5443:
iNews: Russian special forces have entered Kyiv to hunt down Ukraine's leaders, says Volodymyr Zelensky
2918:
2045:
1711:
1533:. They took 850 hostages and demanded the withdrawal of Russian forces from Chechnya and an end to the
1272:
1249:
1131:
985:
The operation involved approximately 660 Soviet operators dressed in Afghan uniforms, including ca. 50
2375:
1175:
It is believed that during the war in Afghanistan, Soviet special forces came in direct conflict with
593:
of 1916. Such tactics, considered revolutionary at the time, would later inspire people like Prussian
4981:
3886:
3774:
3671:
3211:
3199:
2912:
2040:
reconnaissance and sabotage detachments formed under the supervision of the Second Department of the
1905:
716:
359:
107:
92:
47:
20:
4386:
2962:
430:, both of which may be interpreted as "special purpose". As syllabic acronyms they are not normally
3267:
3195:
3099:. Vympel has four operative units in Moscow, with branch offices in nearly every city containing a
2939:
2882:
2861:
also fields dedicated maritime sabotage and counter-sabotage diver units. These units also include
2353:
1983:
1972:
1946:
1941:
As of September 22, 2023, 495 members of the Russian special purpose community have been confirmed
1923:
1844:
1639:
1550:
1364:
1018:
846:
724:
704:
6693:
5805:
1236:. However, by the time the Alpha group arrived, one of the hostages had already been killed. In a
4863:
4560:
3843:
3224:
3151:
3136:
2866:
2773:
2344:
2331:
2285:
2248:
2173:
2099:
1472:
1376:
1303:
570:
352:
85:
3150:(Заслон) (meaning Screen, Barrier or Shield) about which extremely little is known. Formerly in
1859:
According to multiple Western sources and Ukraine, Spetsnaz unit of the VDV RF took part in the
1790:
On 23 September 2014, Russian news agencies marked the 15th anniversary of the formation of the
1525:
The crisis was the seizure of the crowded Dubrovka Theatre on 23 October 2002 by 40 to 50 armed
1153:
In May 1986, the Spetsnaz also succeeded in inserting air-assault forces into remote regions in
912:
Some 3,300 Soviet military experts, among them spetsnaz, were sent to Southeast Asia during the
627:
1921, setting up machine guns behind units of the Red Army, to "increase their motivation". The
589:
for assaults following concentrated accurate artillery fire in what would later be known as the
252:
6527:"Бойцы отряда "Беркут" на Камчатке учатся подавлять массовые беспорядки зэков. КАМЧАТКА-ИНФОРМ"
6406:"Отдел специального назначения "Гюрза" УФСИН России по Республике Калмыкия отметил 20-ти летие"
2799:
2022:
1574:
850:
4172:
1267:
4302:"Forbidden Cross-border Vendetta: Spetsnaz Strike into Pakistan during the Soviet-Afghan War"
3753:, mainly in the Modern Warfare titles. Spetsnaz are also featured in multiple entries in the
3721:
3694:
3686:
2553:
2453:
2327:
2281:
2241:
2176:(VDV). Some civil agencies with non-police functions have formed special units also known as
2103:
1901:
1752:...and buried on our lands extending to the Black Sea." Threats were received from the group
1440:
1352:
took place from 14 June to 19 June 1995, when a group of 80 to 200 Chechen terrorists led by
1311:
1276:
1180:
963:
856:
566:
415:
6082:
4977:
4403:[The Beirut Soviet intelligence operations] (in Russian). Chekist.ru. 31 March 2006
2460:
2265:
2214:
1950:
1780:
1452:
1197:
6362:
5964:"1 Декабря День Рождения 2 ОБр.СпецНаз ГРУ. – 30 Ноября 2012 – "Союз десантников" г.Локня"
5513:
4340:
4127:
806:
8:
6471:
6405:
6289:
4986:
4894:
3898:
3872:
3658:
3100:
3081:
1886:
1830:
1818:
1643:
1628:
1597:
1323:
1193:
1170:
1102:
967:
949:
769:
624:
241:
5311:
978:, his son and over 300 of his personal guards in 40 minutes. The Soviets then installed
898:
613:. To act against anti-Communist workers and farmers, the Soviet regime set up so called
6206:
5776:
5367:"Putin admits unmarked soldiers in Ukraine were Russian; optimistic about Geneva talks"
4833:
4332:
3992:
3877:
2443:
Special Forces of the Main Directorate of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces
2014:
1757:
1699:
1534:
1468:
1456:
1428:
1427:
formed on 23 September 1999. GRU, FSB and MVD spetsnaz operators conducted a myriad of
1416:
1410:
1319:
1233:
1225:
925:
654:
629:
590:
578:
465:
438:
394:
313:
305:
6589:"Вестник Мордовии: Бойцы спецназа "Гепард" сразились за краповый берет (фоторепортаж)"
5643:"Shoigu sozdaet otvergnutye Serdyukovym sily spetsoperatsii, otstav of SShA na 26 let"
5477:
4422:
2966:
Then-Russian President Medvedev visiting Dagestan regional FSB special forces base in
1110:
The Spetsnaz often conducted missions to ambush and destroy enemy supply convoys. The
617:(Units for special use) in 1918. In the next year they were expanded to the so-called
132:
6649:
5905:
5866:
5591:
5459:
5235:
5108:
4469:
4336:
4324:
4271:
4201:
4178:
4033:
3980:
3970:
3940:
3056:
3032:
2130:
1480:
1448:
1420:
1253:
1030:
676:
668:
610:
537:
5642:
5089:
6530:
5501:
4593:
4316:
4297:
4252:Алфавитный список погибших военнослужащих частей специального назначения 40-й Армии
3866:
3831:
3572:
3239:
3215:
3198:
in 2016. The Guard's special forces (consolidating and replacing the forces of the
3108:
3061:
2098:. These units and formations existed in the highest possible secrecy, disguised as
2057:
1942:
1935:
1753:
1683:
1602:
1504:
1500:
1432:
1196:
where over 200 Mujahideen were killed in a failed attempt to capture the strategic
687:
The Soviet leadership had an urgent need for intelligence on German land forces in
672:
582:
293:
247:
6318:
5152:
4739:
1690:
in 2006 alone, during which they killed more than 100 members of terrorist groups.
6697:
6449:
6427:
6340:
5763:
5729:
5585:
4768:
4718:
4636:
4600:
4535:
4476:
4458:
3332:
3321:
3235:
3159:
3085:
2874:
2862:
2806:
1938:, commander of the 141st Motorized Regiment of the Chechen Rosguard, was killed.
1723:
1719:
1496:
1436:
1292:
1127:
1005:. The Soviet forces occupied major governmental, military and media buildings in
975:
696:
688:
479:
6472:"В ОСН "Сокол" УФСИН России по Белгородской области прошёл День открытых дверей"
5038:
4951:
4711:
4653:
4629:
4616:
3274:, otryady spetsial'novo naznacheniya or "special purpose detachments") in 2012:
2682:
2632:
1934:
heading to the city. It is reported that during the defeat of the unit, General
1802:
in the North Caucasus. The OGV is the inter-service headquarters established at
1397:
which saw people taken in the thousands also involved FSB's Alpha Group and the
970:, was executed on 27 December 1979 which saw Soviet special forces storming the
6638:
6106:"Russian Military Forces of the MVD, the Border Troops, and the Special Forces"
4803:
4451:
4293:
3587:
3537:
3490:
3096:
2813:
2320:
2109:
Twenty-four years after the birth of spetsnaz, the Chairman of the KGB General
1695:
1687:
1663:
1647:
1624:
1538:
1526:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1460:
1353:
1288:
1188:
879:
752:
731:
703:
authorized the formation of a ground reconnaissance detachment. This unit, the
700:
554:
301:
6301:
6040:
5723:
Kazakh security officers suspected of kidnapping, not murdering oppositionist.
4855:
4569:
4320:
6706:
6544:
5572:
5527:
5167:"Caucasus Emirate Leader Calls On Insurgents To Thwart Sochi Winter Olympics"
4685:
4328:
3754:
3555:
3299:
3073:
3011:
2678:
2288:(VDV, a separate branch of the Soviet and Russian Armed Forces) includes the
2110:
2064:
2030:
1616:
1241:
their relatives were next. The remaining hostages were released immediately.
1176:
1010:
979:
971:
917:
869:
747:
Each Soviet front/army up to 1942 had their own independent guard-battalion (
708:
53:
6643:
5668:
4401:"Вячеслав Лашкул. Бейрутская операция советской разведки/Vyacheslav Lashkul"
4104:
3984:
2686:
Russian 22nd SPB operatives conducting winter Anti-Terrorist training (2017)
1256:
and the leaders of Libya and Iran to use their influence on the kidnappers.
585:
became one of the first senior commanders to use the tactics of fast action
6588:
6273:
4885:
4262:
4132:
4077:
3969:(in German). Translated by Karl P. E. Veltzé. Stuttgart. pp. 119–121.
3750:
3310:
3187:
2894:
2858:
2820:
2465:
2357:
2340:
2323:
depending on the branch of the armed forces they belong to. These include:
2273:
2095:
2087:
2076:
2052:
internal-security and espionage agency also had their own special purpose (
1978:
At the peak of the deployment, there was a detachment of approximately 250
1919:
1715:
1703:
1464:
1444:
1154:
921:
890:, seizing the airport, bridges, radio stations and the president's palace.
841:
824:
798:
586:
309:
6384:
5460:"Putin's elite unit's goal: Spetsnaz seeks to eliminate Ukraine's leaders"
6008:
22 гвардейская отдельная бригада специального назначения (22 огбрСпН ГРУ)
5289:
4521:
4509:
Understanding Terrorist Innovation: Technology, Tactics and Global Trends
3791:
3777:
focuses on stopping spetsnaz agents from activating a Cold War era bomb.
3761:
3725:
3529:
3409:
3365:
3343:
3052:
2982:
2967:
2900:
2837:
2456:– fields 7 spetsnaz brigades of varying sizes and one spetsnaz regiment.
2348:
2233:
2126:
2018:
1894:
1835:
1742:
1554:
1357:
1237:
1209:
1119:
1115:
1082:
995:
913:
907:
875:
720:
712:
574:
526:
6428:"ОСН ГУФСИН России по Новосибирской области "Корсар" исполнилось 20 лет"
2071:
companies, each consisting of 120 servicemen. This was the first use of
1986:
from the 431st Naval Reconnaissance Point, while SOF operators from the
5839:
3766:
3545:
3476:
3464:
3077:
3024:
2933:
2888:
2870:
2335:
1954:
1916:
1784:
1546:
1476:
1228:). It was believed that this was retaliation for the Soviet support of
1184:
1122:
in 1986. In April 1986, the rebels lost one of their biggest bases, at
1111:
828:
594:
431:
419:
366: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
6292:/ Статья от 10.11.2017 г. в сетевом издании «74.ру». А. Скрипова.
5012:
4155:"Russian 'military experts': The Bigfoot sightings of the Vietnam War"
1001:
5584:
Pringle, Robert W. (2015). "Starinov, Ilya Grigorevich (1900–2001)".
4479:
4400:
3521:
3517:
3431:
3069:
2951:
2906:
2850:
2766:
2593:
2505:
1620:
1283:
1245:
958:
Soviet special forces surround Tajbeg Palace following the operation.
524:) forces, and the word's widespread use is a relatively recent, post-
6105:
5941:
1867:
and the 22nd Spetsnaz brigade were sent in, disguised as civilians.
341:
74:
6611:"Special Report: Flaws found in Ukraine's probe of Maidan massacre"
4722:
4640:
3483:
3398:
3376:
3354:
3250:) meaning "special purpose unit") number, and some are part of the
3116:
3092:
3019:
2945:
2927:
2636:
Russian 370th SPD conducting special reconnaissance training (2017)
2501:
2037:
1931:
1803:
1659:
1585:
792:
776:
756:
532:
6274:Силовики защитили ядерные объекты Озерска от террористов-водолазов
4736:"United States Expresses Sympathy on Anniversary of Beslan Attack"
3591:
Russian FSIN Special Forces during a FAB Defense training exercise
2841:
Combat swimmers of the Russian 313th PDSS conduct land operations.
6305:
5339:"Ukraine crisis: Pretext and plotting behind Crimea's occupation"
4362:"Terrorist Organization Profile: Islamic Liberation Organization"
3876:'Special Operations Forces' or 'Special Purpose Military Units';
3677:
2731:
2168:
During the 1990s special detachments were established within the
2011:
1221:
1200:
near the Pakistani border from a 39-man Soviet Airborne company.
1158:
764:
760:
692:
6683:
Official website of the Russian Interior Ministry special forces
6496:. OSN "Saturn", Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in Moscow
4890:"The Truth About Beslan. What Putin's government is covering up"
4070:
3548:, including the (Akhmad or Akhmat) Kadyrov Regiment ("Kadyrov's
2363:
2268:
are controlled, for the most part, by the military-intelligence
1161:
which were previously considered inaccessible to Soviet forces.
6566:
4799:
4267:"Afghan Rebels Face Tougher Foe in Elite Soviet Commando Units"
3497:
3453:
3442:
3174:
3155:
3065:
3037:
3007:
2992:
2845:
2627:
1975:, have been invaluable in pushing back anti-government forces.
1722:"—took responsibility for the attacks. In July 2010, President
1651:
1635:
1558:
1511:. At least 106 FSB and GRU operators died during the conflict.
1217:
1123:
1054:
887:
484:
6150:"Special force deployment to Syria may signal Moscow's doubts"
5766:, Eurasia Daily Monitor Volume: 7 Issue: 198, 2 November 2010.
5216:"Russian police kill Islamist militant leader before Olympics"
3182:
2630:, with all units deployed in Tambov except for the 664th SPD.
2004:
1183:. This unit was deployed disguised as Afghans, supporting the
886:" movement. Spetsnaz units secured key points in the capital,
759:
missions. The soldiers had to be younger than 30, were mostly
464:
They are general terms that were used for a variety of Soviet
6290:Атомный водолаз из Челябинской области стал раллийным пилотом
5833:
5312:"ОГВ на Кавказе за 15 лет уничтожила более 10 тысяч боевиков"
3387:
2232:
As with many post Soviet states, Kazakhstan adopted the term
1682:
Russian FSB Spetsnaz are particularly active. Conducting 119
1106:
A Soviet Spetsnaz group prepare for a mission in Afghanistan.
1046:
1006:
810:
663:
641:
619:
474:
5009:"Monument to special forces and rescuers unveiled in Beslan"
1730:
number of exposed spies historically, the then-FSB Director
1164:
902:
F-111 escape capsule at Museum of Moscow Aviation Institute
19:
This article is about the Russian term. For other uses, see
3724:- formed on the basis of Kyiv-based 10th Group of the KGBs
3533:
3525:
3278:
3251:
3207:
3203:
2831:
Counteraction Underwater Diversionary Forces and Facilities
2049:
1927:
1566:
1081:
equipped with Mi-24 (16 units) Mi-8 (16 units) deployed in
1050:
658:
635:
490:
6667:
The Russian Elite: Inside Spetsnaz and the Airborne Forces
5623:
The Russian Elite: Inside Spetsnaz and the Airborne Forces
1726:
expanded the FSB's powers in its fight against terrorism.
730:
Initially the unit was confined to performing small scale
5902:
Brothers armed: military aspects of the crisis in Ukraine
5732:, BBC Monitoring International Reports, 22 February 2006.
5690:"The State Security Committee of the Republic of Belarus"
5514:"Russian casualties in Ukraine. Mediazona count, updated"
5282:"МВД России ликвидировало за 4 месяца более 350 боевиков"
5257:"Insurgency Commanders Divulge Details Of Umarov's Death"
4763:"Putin's legacy is a massacre, say the mothers of Beslan"
4603:
4128:"Retired Russian frogman confesses to cold war 'killing'"
3420:
3126:
1735:
986:
836:
832:
649:
569:
had hunter-commando units, formed by a decree of Emperor
314:
Main Intelligence Directorate of the Soviet General Staff
308:. Historically, this term referred to the Soviet Union's
5689:
5587:
Historical Dictionary of Russian and Soviet Intelligence
4738:. US Department of State. 31 August 2005. Archived from
3717:- formed on the basis of the 17th Naval Spetsnaz Brigade
3186:
Water obstacle phase during tryouts for the Russian OSN
3169:
6690:
6682:
6545:"Страница памяти. Отдел специального назначения "ГРИФ""
6493:
3967:
Eliteverbände der Welt Ausbildung, Bewaffnung, Einsätze
3910:
3891:
1982:
soldiers, probably drawn from several units, including
1382:
6175:"Russian Zaslon Special Operations – Business Insider"
5115:
5061:"After School Siege, Russia Also Mourns Secret Heroes"
3571:
has operated the OSN "Grom", which became part of the
2974:
The Centre of Special Operations of the FSB TsSN FSB,
2086:
The special-purpose forces of the Armed Forces of the
1743:
Anti terrorist operations prior to 2014 Sochi Olympics
1337:
6202:"Police in Chechnya Accuse Russia's Troops of Murder"
5551:
5549:
4976:
4071:
Nick Webster and Claire Donnelly (17 November 2007).
3848:
3229:
1967:
Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War
1734:
said in 1996: "There has never been such a number of
1208:
In October 1985, specialist operators from the KGB's
849:, claimed to have caught Crabb placing a mine on the
5827:
5757:
Bat or Mouse? The Strange Case of Reforming Spetsnaz
5159:
4286:
3084:
on a mission to overthrow and kill Afghan president
2957:
1666:
and the withdrawal of Russian forces from Chechnya.
1262:
6567:"Из Чечни вернулся липецкий отряд спецназа "Титан""
6026:
6024:
5191:
5130:
4052:
Heroes of the Soviet Union 1941–45 by Henry Sakaida
3575:in April 2016, and now is subordinate to the MVD's
2280:, GRU special forces came under the control of the
1870:
1654:) on 1 September 2004. The hostage-takers were the
1419:after learning lessons from the mishandling of the
1146:
22nd Spetsnaz Brigade – 199 killed and one missing.
557:, helped introduce the term to the Western public.
239:It has been suggested that this article should be
99:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
6258:Военно-морской флот на озере в Челябинской области
5834:Bellingcat Investigation Team (17 February 2020).
5779:ГРУ (Главное Разведывательное Управление) ГШ ВС РФ
5546:
5390:"Photos and roses for GRU's 'spetsnaz' casualties"
5388:
5337:
5194:"Inside Russia's pre-Olympics terrorist crackdown"
4982:"Hostage Takers in Russia Argued Before Explosion"
4761:
4387:"Russian Special Forces | What Are Spetsnaz?"
3731:Main Directorate of Intelligence special forces:
3705:- formed on the basis of the 10th Spetsnaz Brigade
3559:SURPAT wearing OSN "Grom" operator of the Russian
3023:) – formerly Special Purpose unit for the city of
1143:15th Spetsnaz Brigade – 355 killed and 10 missing.
775:Immediately before the major Russian offensive at
6713:Military units and formations of the Soviet Union
6662:, Jane's Publishing Company Limited, London, 1988
4594:Moscow theatre siege: Questions remain unanswered
4018:Spetsnaz:Russia's Special Forces by Mark Galeotti
3711:- formed on the basis of the 8th Spetsnaz Brigade
2106:(Naval spetsnaz) by their uniforms and insignia.
1531:Islamist militant separatist movement in Chechnya
609:The origins of the Spetsnaz can be found in the
540:during the late 1980s. Since then, stories about
6704:
6199:
6021:
5192:Novogrod, James; Becky Bratu (14 October 2014).
5139:"Russia's North Caucasus, the Terrorism Revival"
5037:. jamestown.org. 18 October 2004. Archived from
4856:"Beslan School Massacre, Dramatic Scenes (2004)"
4423:"18 famous and infamous special forces missions"
4292:
3867:[vɐjˈskaspʲɪt͡sɨˈalʲnəvənəznɐˈt͡ɕenʲɪjə]
3006:– Special Operations Executive – SOE) – TsSN of
2541:791st Special Purpose Detachment (3rd Battalion)
2538:790th Special Purpose Detachment (2nd Battalion)
1514:
932:equipment, a cryptographic code machine, and an
5141:. International Relations and Security Network.
5126:. International Relations and Security Network.
5011:. NEWS.rin.ru. 2 September 2006. Archived from
3904:
2734:, with all units and units deployed in Irkutsk
1915:, ambushed and destroyed a convoy, composed of
893:
560:
456:
446:
5904:(2nd ed.). Minneapolis: East View Press.
5895:
5893:
5891:
5889:
5532:"The Three Faces of Russian Spetsnaz in Syria"
5418:"George Woloshyn: Take the fight to the enemy"
5222:. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014
5153:"Russia Busted 200 Spies Last Year – Medvedev"
4064:
3915:, 'specially designated (plural noun)'
3582:
2849:Combat swimmer from the Russian 311th PDSS in
2535:1st Special Purpose Detachment (1st Battalion)
2254:
1861:annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation
5637:
5635:
5633:
5631:
5364:
4914:
4381:
4379:
4196:
4194:
3836:
3821:
3532:and not considered an elite force—unlike the
3178:Russian 604th Special Purpose Centre operator
1767:
749:Otdelnly Gwardieskij Batalion Minerow), OGBM,
5991:"22 гв ОБрСпН – первая в Российской Гвардии"
5851:
5849:
4970:
4524:. Russian Defense Policy. 15 September 2018.
4161:
4014:
4012:
4010:
4008:
3693:gained mainstream attention during the 2014
3489:31st Marine Training Detachment of the MVD (
1817:Russian spetsnaz forces participated in the
1431:and counter-terrorism operations, including
1203:
974:in Afghanistan and killing Afghan President
6302:День ВМФ в Озёрске. Водолазы группы захвата
5886:
5145:
5096:
4444:
4442:
4440:
4174:Russia, America and the Cold War, 1949–1991
3964:
3261:
2180:, such as the Leader special centre in the
2075:to denote a separate military branch since
1756:, which had claimed responsibility for the
581:of 1917. Also, during World War I, General
62:Learn how and when to remove these messages
5927:
5925:
5923:
5921:
5628:
5136:
5121:
4922:"Woman injured in 2004 Russian siege dies"
4898:. Vol. 12, no. 9. Archived from
4492:Russia: A Timeline Of Terrorism Since 1995
4376:
4191:
3997:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3599:maintains several spetsnaz organizations:
2923:159th PDSS Detachment – based in Razboynik
520:) or special operations (spetsoperatsiya;
6691:Internet portal of Russian special forces
6260:/ Статья от 27.06.2010 г. на сайте «
6055:
5931:
5846:
5711:Counterterrorism Policies in Central Asia
4678:
4470:History of Chechen rebels' hostage taking
4005:
3937:Spetsnaz. The Story Behind the Soviet SAS
3043:Sn SV - Service of Use of Special Weapons
2809:) – reorganized from the former 431st MRP
2259:
1881:On or about 26 February 2022, during the
1750:on the bones of many, many Muslims killed
1271:Russian Spetsnaz troops dismount from an
1165:Alleged conflict with Pakistani commandos
547:Spetsnaz: The Story Behind the Soviet SAS
382:Learn how and when to remove this message
277:Learn how and when to remove this message
214:Learn how and when to remove this message
159:Learn how and when to remove this message
6728:Army reconnaissance units and formations
6276:/ Статья от 26.06.2014 г. на сайте
5899:
5669:"5th independent Special Forces Brigade"
5526:
5415:
5102:
4437:
4167:
4125:
3586:
3554:
3181:
3173:
2961:
2844:
2836:
2681:
2631:
2504:
2374:
2362:
2197:29 independent special purpose companies
2042:General Staff of the Soviet Armed Forces
2033:, began the implementation of the idea.
1834:
1810:Affairs (MVD) noted that the decoration
1677:
1601:
1282:
1266:
1101:
962:Soviet Spetsnaz forces took part in the
953:
897:
512:later referred specifically to special (
393:
6037:ShadowSpear: Russian Special Operations
5918:
5583:
4980:; Susan B. Glasser (7 September 2004).
4712:Beslan mothers' futile quest for relief
4463:
4261:
3934:
3903:'special operations forces' or
3820:The term is borrowed from Russian:
3715:73rd Maritime Special Operations Center
3194:The Russian government established the
3040:, previously – 2nd service "SN" of FSB)
2021:in 1938), envisaged the development of
1627:and strengthening of the powers of the
1401:in attempted rescuing of the hostages.
1009:, including their primary target – the
845:reported that Eduard Koltsov, a former
797:By the end of the Second World War the
6705:
6660:Weapons and Tactics of the Soviet Army
6124:"Vietnamdefence.com – Tin Quân sự 24h"
6103:
6076:
5254:
5137:Saradzhyan, Simon (23 December 2010).
5084:
5082:
4884:
4878:
4818:
4788:
4754:
4570:"The Moscow Theatre Siege Documentary"
4309:The Journal of Slavic Military Studies
4126:Stratton, Allegra (16 November 2007).
4027:
3685:maintains its own spetsnaz force, the
3569:Federal Drug Control Service of Russia
3127:Foreign Intelligence Service of Russia
2319:Russian special forces wear different
2266:Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
2208:
2067:advocated the creation of 46 military
1865:45th Detached Guards Spetsnaz Regiment
1824:
1591:
1356:attacked the southern Russian city of
650:Second World War and Spanish Civil War
6408:. FPS of Russia, Republic of Kalmykia
6039:. www.shadowspear.com. Archived from
6030:
5855:
5743:"SPECIAL FORCES OF KAZAKHSTAN (2007)"
5454:
5452:
5450:
5424:from the original on 26 December 2014
5416:Woloshyn, George (26 December 2014).
5397:from the original on 10 December 2022
5346:from the original on 10 December 2022
5053:
4866:from the original on 10 November 2021
4679:MacKenzie, Debora (29 October 2002).
4021:
3865:
3830:
3737:
3665:
3508:and report to the National Guard HQ.
3170:Russian National Guard special forces
2779:45th Special Purpose Airborne Brigade
1404:
604:
6365:. FPS of Russia, Krasnodar Territory
6200:Patrick E. Tyler (25 January 2002).
5932:Mikhailov, Aleksey (18 April 2016).
5124:"Eliminating Terrorists, Not Terror"
5103:Biberman, Yelena (6 December 2008).
4617:"Gas "killed Moscow hostages", ibid"
3960:
3958:
3956:
3676:Like many other post-Soviet states,
2205:the General Staff – as did the GRU.
1563:Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs
1389:Kizlyar-Pervomayskoye hostage crisis
1383:Kizlyar-Pervomayskoye hostage crisis
943:
936:escape capsule, which now sits in a
768:cooperated with, and trained, local
364:adding citations to reliable sources
335:
318:now-defunct Soviet security agencies
225:
170:
97:adding citations to reliable sources
68:
27:
6723:Special forces units and formations
6077:Kozlov, Sergei (8 September 2010).
5464:The Jerusalem Post | Jpost.com
5122:Saradzhyan, Simon (31 March 2010).
5079:
4672:
4105:"Russian 'killed UK diver' in 1956"
3528:units, which are primarily used as
3496:32nd Marine Detachment of the MVD (
2819:561st Marine Reconnaissance point (
2812:420th Marine Reconnaissance point (
2805:388th Marine Reconnaissance point (
2677:– entire unit is based in Stepnoi,
2044:. These forces were subordinate to
1960:
1344:Budyonnovsk hospital hostage crisis
1338:Budyonnovsk hospital hostage crisis
1149:459th Spetsnaz Company – 16 killed.
816:
597:in the development of the Prussian
13:
6304:/ Видео от 31.07.2011 г. на «
5625:, Greenhill, London, 1993, p.34-37
5557:"Information archivée dans le Web"
5470:
5447:
5393:. Financial Times. 8 August 2014.
4952:"Putin meets angry Beslan mothers"
4832:. 26 February 2008. Archived from
4693:from the original on 9 August 2010
4630:"Moscow court begins siege claims"
3787:Special Operations Forces (Russia)
3577:Main Directorate for Drugs Control
3506:National Guard Naval Service Corps
3482:2nd Marine Detachment of the MVD (
3475:1st Marine Detachment of the MVD (
2798:42nd Marine Reconnaissance point (
2421:54th Special Reconnaissance Center
2415:Special Purpose Center "Kubinka-2"
2227:
2144:)—which were similar to the CIA's
1891:Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR)
1673:
1537:. The siege was officially led by
453:viiska spetsiialnoho pryznachennia
312:, special operations units of the
186:tone or style may not reflect the
14:
6739:
6673:
6646:. The Story Behind the Soviet SAS
6232:Министерство Внутренних Дел (МВД)
6061:
5342:. Financial Times. 7 March 2014.
4928:. 8 December 2006. Archived from
4826:"Chechnya Vow Cast a Long Shadow"
3953:
3838:Войска́ специа́льного назначе́ния
3734:Reconnaissance units under AFU:
3504:These detachments today form the
2976:центр специального назначения ФСБ
2958:Russian special forces of the FSB
2950:473rd PDSS Detachment – based in
2944:313rd PDSS Detachment – based in
2938:311th PDSS Detachment – based in
2932:269th PDSS Detachment – based in
2926:160th PDSS Detachment – based in
2917:153rd PDSS Detachment – based in
2911:152nd PDSS Detachment – based in
2905:140th PDSS Detachment – based in
2899:137th PDSS Detachment – based in
2893:136th PDSS Detachment – based in
2887:102nd PDSS Detachment – based in
2881:101st PDSS Detachment – based in
2427:344th Army Aviation Combat Center
2399:Special Operations Forces Command
2238:National Security Committee (KNB)
2156:These were special forces of the
1863:. Several hundred members of the
1263:After the breakup of Soviet Union
43:This article has multiple issues.
6603:
6581:
6559:
6537:
6519:
6508:
6486:
6474:. FPS of Russia, Belgorod region
6464:
6442:
6420:
6398:
6377:
6355:
6333:
6311:
6295:
6283:
6267:
6251:
5107:. Russia Profile. Archived from
4802:. 31 August 2006. Archived from
4776:from the original on 24 May 2022
4681:"Mystery of Russian gas deepens"
4654:"Moscow siege gas 'not illegal'"
4177:. Pearson Longman. p. 142.
3835:; abbreviation for Russian:
3544:since 2007) and formed from the
2757:641th Special Purpose Detachment
2754:297th Special Purpose Detachment
2751:281st Special Purpose Detachment
2720:411th Special Purpose Detachment
2717:305th Special Purpose Detachment
2714:173rd Special Purpose Detachment
2711:108th Special Purpose Detachment
2667:669th Special Purpose Detachment
2664:664th Special Purpose Detachment
2661:585th Special Purpose Detachment
2658:379th Special Purpose Detachment
2655:370th Special Purpose Detachment
2615:308th Special Purpose Detachment
2612:294th Special Purpose Detachment
2609:282nd Special Purpose Detachment
2581:328th Special Purpose Detachment
2578:325th Special Purpose Detachment
2487:700th Special Purpose Detachment
2484:329th Special Purpose Detachment
2418:Special Purpose Center "Terskol"
2392:
2182:Ministry of Emergency Situations
2094:(GRU) and collectively known as
1877:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
1871:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
1774:Insurgency in the North Caucasus
1588:was used to save some hostages.
863:
705:4th Special Volunteer Detachment
458:війська спеціяльного призначення
340:
230:
196:guide to writing better articles
175:
73:
32:
6529:. 24 March 2016. Archived from
6494:"ОСН "Сатурн" Официальный сайт"
6222:
6193:
6167:
6142:
6116:
6097:
6079:"FSB Special forces: 1998–2010"
6070:
6012:
6001:
5983:
5974:
5956:
5934:"Boitsy Chetvertovo Izmereniya"
5856:Marsh, Dr. Christopher (2017).
5798:
5769:
5749:
5735:
5716:
5703:
5682:
5661:
5615:
5577:
5566:
5520:
5506:
5495:
5436:
5409:
5381:
5365:Willis Raburu (17 April 2014).
5358:
5330:
5304:
5274:
5261:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
5248:
5208:
5185:
5171:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
5155:. RIA Novosti. 7 February 2012.
5027:
5001:
4944:
4848:
4728:
4705:
4646:
4623:
4609:
4587:
4553:
4528:
4514:
4501:
4496:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
4485:
4415:
4393:
4354:
4348:Foreign Military Studies Office
4255:
4246:
4237:
4211:
4147:
4119:
3939:. London: Hamish Hamilton Ltd.
3246:) or Отряд особого назначения (
3064:. Other units are stationed in
2618:Training Battalion (2x Company)
2584:Training Battalion (2x Company)
2490:Training Battalion (2x Company)
2481:70th Special Purpose Detachment
2412:Special Purpose Center "Senezh"
2081:dissolution of the Soviet Union
1998:
351:needs additional citations for
84:needs additional citations for
51:or discuss these issues on the
5090:"Story to the Day of Checkist"
4097:
4055:
4046:
3928:
3814:
3745:Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Siege
3272:отряды специального назначения
2473:Signals Battalion (2x Company)
2387:
2221:State Security Committee (KGB)
2163:
2010:The Russian military theorist
1900:On or about 2 March 2022, the
1812:Hero of the Russian Federation
1529:who claimed allegiance to the
1509:Hero of the Russian Federation
1024:
1:
6515:ru:Ястреб (спецподразделение)
6081:. Agentura.ru. Archived from
5369:. Public Broadcasting Service
4606:Retrieved on 16 December 2013
4107:. BBC.co.uk. 16 November 2007
4061:Hardcore Heroes 1 Season 2014
3922:
3258:) were deployed to Chechnya.
2763:25th Special Purpose Regiment
2435:Main Intelligence Directorate
2092:Main Intelligence Directorate
1849:Autonomous Republic of Crimea
1521:Moscow theater hostage crisis
1515:Moscow theatre hostage crisis
1425:Unified Group of Troops (OGV)
1328:Moscow theatre hostage crisis
1077:– paired up and supported by
1041:– paired up and supported by
803:Soviet forces in East Germany
615:Tschasti Osobogo Nasatschenia
573:in 1886, which saw action in
6280:. Е. Рогозина, В. Черепанов.
6064:Russian Politics and Society
5940:(in Russian). Archived from
5938:Voyenno Promyshlennyy Kuryer
5255:Fuller, Liz (23 July 2014).
5105:"No Place to Be a Terrorist"
4346:on 4 March 2016 – via
3802:List of special police units
3797:List of special forces units
3604:Federal Penitentiary Service
3561:Federal Drug Control Service
3542:Head of the Chechen Republic
3288:604th Special Purpose Center
2793:Naval Special Reconnaissance
2727:24th Special Purpose Brigade
2674:22nd Special Purpose Brigade
2624:16th Special Purpose Brigade
2590:14th Special Purpose Brigade
2550:10th Special Purpose Brigade
2290:45th Guards Spetsnaz Brigade
2278:2008 Russian military reform
2200:5 naval reconnaissance point
2194:2 special purposes regiments
2170:Federal Penitentiary Service
2115:Ministry of Internal Affairs
1993:
1332:Beslan school hostage crisis
1075:22nd Special Purpose Brigade
1039:15th Special Purpose Brigade
894:Spetsnaz in Vietnam and Laos
561:History and known operations
331:
7:
6343:. The Federal Penal Service
6210:. Russia; Chechnya (Russia)
6104:León-Borja, Lajos Szászdi.
6066:(4th ed.). p. 98.
3911:
3893:syly spetsialnykh operatsii
3892:
3849:
3780:
3691:Berkut special police force
3683:Security Service of Ukraine
3602:The following is a list of
3583:Russian Ministry of Justice
3266:The following is a list of
3248:Otryad osobogo naznacheniya
3234:, successors to the Soviet
3230:
2497:3rd Special Purpose Brigade
2461:2nd Special Purpose Brigade
2306:
2255:Russian spetsnaz after 2010
2191:14 special purpose brigades
2146:Special Activities Division
1913:Security Service of Ukraine
1883:Russian invasion of Ukraine
1606:Beslan school victim photos
884:Socialism with a Human Face
786:
472:) units. In addition, many
10:
6744:
6632:
6547:. OSN "Grif" memorial page
5649:(in Russian). 6 March 2013
4073:"Cold war spy riddle ends"
3669:
3158:(e.g. French counterpart;
2919:Ostrovnoy, Murmansk Oblast
2314:
2212:
2133:unit was created in 1974.
1964:
1874:
1828:
1771:
1768:Insurgency in the Caucasus
1712:2010 Moscow Metro bombings
1656:Riyadus-Salikhin Battalion
1595:
1571:undisclosed chemical agent
1518:
1408:
1386:
1341:
1250:Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah
1168:
1053:(16 units), deployment in
1028:
947:
905:
867:
790:
719:. Leonov had trained as a
406:The Russian abbreviations
245:into a new article titled
18:
16:Post-Soviet military units
6696:18 September 2012 at the
6669:, Greenhill, London, 1993
6648:, 1987, Hamish Hamilton,
6237:Russian Military Analysis
6031:staff (29 January 2009).
5813:Russian Military Analysis
5784:Russian Military Analysis
5728:27 September 2013 at the
5240:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
4475:11 September 2016 at the
4321:10.1080/13518040500354943
3905:
3882:сили спеціальних операцій
3881:
3837:
3822:
3775:MacGyver (2016 TV series)
3672:Special forces of Ukraine
3567:From 2003 until 2016 The
3516:In addition, the MVD has
3511:
3243:
3219:
2913:Polyarny, Murmansk Oblast
2867:conduct underwater combat
2786:
2424:561st Naval Rescue Center
2407:Special Operations Forces
2048:commanders. The infamous
1792:Unified Group of Troops (
1559:Vympel a.k.a. Vega Groups
1423:. Under joint command of
1204:The Beirut hostage crisis
1079:205th Helicopter Squadron
1043:239th Helicopter Squadron
695:. On 5 July 1941 Admiral
457:
447:
424:spetsialnogo naznacheniya
297:
21:Spetsnaz (disambiguation)
6718:Special forces of Russia
6591:. The Mordovian Bulletin
6231:
5807:
5778:
4536:"The Second Chechen War"
4364:. University of Maryland
3935:Suvorov, Victor (1987).
3807:
3262:National Guard of Russia
3196:National Guard of Russia
2940:Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
2883:Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
2464:– based in Promezhitsa,
1973:Russian Aerospace Forces
1924:National Guard of Russia
1710:militants organised the
1610:Also referred to as the
1551:Federal Security Service
1365:Federal Security Service
725:Hero of the Soviet Union
667:and participated in the
6452:. Federal Penal Service
6430:. Federal Penal Service
6321:. Federal Penal Service
5745:. Kazakh military site.
5573:Дед советского спецназа
4796:"Beslan – Two Years On"
4028:Leonov, Viktor (2011).
3773:Season 1, Episode 4 of
3212:Russian Internal Troops
3210:) includes a number of
3137:First Chief Directorate
2774:Russian Airborne Troops
2743:Special Weapons Company
2700:Special Weapons Company
2564:Special Weapons Company
2524:Special Weapons Company
2286:Russian Airborne Troops
2264:The elite units of the
2249:President of Kazakhstan
1843:at the building of the
1841:troops without insignia
1377:Aslambek Abdulkhadzhiev
1304:2008 Russo-Georgian War
1252:, who appealed to King
1179:'s special forces, the
1120:Afghan-Pakistani border
742:
682:
536:("openness") policy of
5709:Mariya Y. Omelicheva,
4599:4 January 2016 at the
4457:6 October 2014 at the
3592:
3564:
3279:Dzerzhinsky Division (
3220:Внутренние войска (ВВ)
3191:
3179:
2971:
2854:
2842:
2687:
2637:
2514:
2384:
2372:
2260:Administrative History
2151:
2120:
2023:unconventional warfare
1902:Alpha Group of Ukraine
1856:
1691:
1607:
1577:system and raided it.
1307:
1280:
1107:
959:
903:
751:so called miners, for
451:), an abbreviation of
416:syllabic abbreviations
403:
6154:BLOUIN BEAT: Politics
4717:5 August 2016 at the
3760:Two gangsters in the
3709:8th Spetsnaz Regiment
3703:3rd Spetsnaz Regiment
3695:Revolution of Dignity
3590:
3558:
3185:
3177:
2965:
2848:
2840:
2685:
2635:
2554:Krasnoyarsk Territory
2552:– based in Mol'kino,
2513:on parade, 9 May 2011
2508:
2454:Russian Ground Forces
2378:
2366:
2282:Russian Ground Forces
2242:Altynbek Sarsenbayuly
2036:During World War II,
1838:
1681:
1605:
1545:in the center of the
1441:Abdul Halim Sadulayev
1312:Tajikistani Civil War
1286:
1277:Tajikistani Civil War
1270:
1181:Special Service Group
1105:
982:as Amin's successor.
957:
901:
882:in 1968 to stop the "
857:Order of the Red Star
567:Imperial Russian Army
397:
5762:3 March 2016 at the
4902:on 30 September 2007
4888:(13 November 2006).
4772:. 26 February 2008.
4635:5 March 2016 at the
4032:. Ballantine Books.
3965:Terry White (1995).
3832:[spʲɪtsˈnas]
2511:3rd Spetsnaz Brigade
2215:5th Spetsnaz Brigade
1781:Vladimir Kolokoltsev
1573:into the building's
1453:Turpal-Ali Atgeriyev
822:Lieutenant-Commander
496:osobovo naznacheniya
428:osobogo naznacheniya
360:improve this article
93:improve this article
6130:on 18 February 2019
5808:Военно-Морской Флот
5534:. Warontherocks.com
5318:. 23 September 2014
5067:. 13 September 2004
4987:The Washington Post
4895:The Weekly Standard
4085:on 18 November 2007
4030:Blood on the Shores
3597:Ministry of Justice
3540:(who has served as
3200:MVD Internal Troops
3101:nuclear power plant
3082:Operation Storm-333
2379:Russian SOF during
2294:Special Battalions
2209:Belarusian spetsnaz
2158:MVD Internal Troops
2117:(MVD) (1946–1954).
2102:(Army spetsnaz) or
2100:Soviet paratroopers
1887:Volodymyr Zelenskyy
1831:Russo-Ukrainian War
1825:Russo-Ukrainian War
1819:2014 Grozny clashes
1684:targeted operations
1644:autonomous republic
1629:President of Russia
1598:Beslan school siege
1592:Beslan school siege
1561:, supported by the
1324:Russo-Ukrainian War
1216:were dispatched to
1194:Operation Magistral
1171:Operation Magistral
1132:Operation "Curtain"
968:Operation Storm-333
950:Operation Storm-333
639:descended from the
625:Kronstadt rebellion
601:(founded in 1915).
6207:The New York Times
6085:on 18 January 2013
5204:on 9 October 2014.
5111:on 6 October 2014.
5065:The New York Times
5041:on 20 October 2004
5015:on 18 October 2007
4958:. 2 September 2005
4932:on 17 October 2007
4742:on 13 October 2008
4643:, 24 December 2002
4350:(referenced copy).
4225:on 17 October 2015
4157:. 20 January 2017.
3912:spetspryznachentsi
3738:In popular culture
3666:Ukrainian spetsnaz
3593:
3565:
3231:Vnutrenniye voiska
3192:
3180:
3004:Spetsgruppa Smerch
2997:Spetsgruppa Vympel
2972:
2855:
2843:
2688:
2638:
2515:
2385:
2373:
2015:Mikhail Svechnykov
1911:, a branch of the
1857:
1758:Volgograd bombings
1718:—dubbed "Russia's
1700:Carnegie Endowment
1692:
1652:Russian Federation
1608:
1535:Second Chechen War
1469:Abu Hafs al-Urduni
1457:Akhmed Avtorkhanov
1429:counter-insurgency
1417:Second Chechen War
1411:Second Chechen War
1405:Second Chechen War
1320:Russo-Georgian War
1308:
1297:Special Battalion
1281:
1248:, Grand Ayatollah
1234:Lebanese Civil War
1230:Syrian involvement
1226:Muslim Brotherhood
1108:
993:officers from the
960:
926:John Stryker Meyer
904:
605:Early Soviet Union
595:Captain Willy Rohr
591:Brusilov Offensive
579:Russian Revolution
466:special operations
441:they are known as
404:
306:post-Soviet states
6665:Carey Schofield,
6617:. 10 October 2014
6533:on 24 March 2016.
6278:ГТРК «Южный Урал»
5968:vdvloknya.ucoz.ru
5911:978-1-879944-65-7
5872:978-0-660-07353-8
5755:Roger McDermott,
5621:Carey Schofield,
5597:978-1-4422-5318-6
5530:(21 March 2016).
5292:on 4 January 2016
4836:on 13 August 2008
4660:. 29 October 2002
4482:, 24 October 2002
4425:. CNN. 7 May 2011
4298:Ahmad Jalali, Ali
4272:Los Angeles Times
4206:978-5-93165-324-2
4184:978-1-4058-7430-4
4039:978-0-8041-0732-7
3976:978-3-613-01688-0
3902:
3890:
3875:
3847:
3722:Alpha Group (SBU)
3228:
3057:counter-terrorism
3055:) is the premier
3051:Spetsgruppa 'A' (
3029:Directorate "T" (
3016:Directorate "K" (
3002:Directorate "S" (
2987:Spetsgruppa Alpha
2650:Logistics Company
2604:Logistics Company
2570:Logistics Company
2530:Logistics Company
2131:counter-terrorist
2125:Spetsgruppa 'A' (
2104:naval infantrymen
1481:Supyan Abdullayev
1449:Akhmadov brothers
1433:targeted killings
1254:Hussein of Jordan
1137:Operation Curtain
1031:Operation Curtain
964:Soviet–Afghan War
944:Soviet–Afghan War
711:, who joined the
677:military branches
669:Spanish Civil War
661:derived from the
611:Russian Civil War
538:Mikhail Gorbachev
392:
391:
384:
287:
286:
279:
269:
268:
224:
223:
216:
190:used on Knowledge
188:encyclopedic tone
169:
168:
161:
143:
66:
6735:
6689:
6681:
6627:
6626:
6624:
6622:
6607:
6601:
6600:
6598:
6596:
6585:
6579:
6578:
6576:
6574:
6563:
6557:
6556:
6554:
6552:
6541:
6535:
6534:
6523:
6517:
6512:
6506:
6505:
6503:
6501:
6490:
6484:
6483:
6481:
6479:
6468:
6462:
6461:
6459:
6457:
6446:
6440:
6439:
6437:
6435:
6424:
6418:
6417:
6415:
6413:
6402:
6396:
6395:
6393:
6391:
6381:
6375:
6374:
6372:
6370:
6359:
6353:
6352:
6350:
6348:
6337:
6331:
6330:
6328:
6326:
6315:
6309:
6299:
6293:
6287:
6281:
6271:
6265:
6255:
6249:
6248:
6246:
6244:
6226:
6220:
6219:
6217:
6215:
6197:
6191:
6190:
6188:
6186:
6179:Business Insider
6171:
6165:
6164:
6162:
6160:
6146:
6140:
6139:
6137:
6135:
6126:. Archived from
6120:
6114:
6113:
6101:
6095:
6094:
6092:
6090:
6074:
6068:
6067:
6062:Sakwa, Richard.
6059:
6053:
6052:
6050:
6048:
6028:
6019:
6016:
6010:
6005:
5999:
5998:
5987:
5981:
5978:
5972:
5971:
5960:
5954:
5953:
5951:
5949:
5944:on 22 April 2019
5929:
5916:
5915:
5897:
5884:
5883:
5881:
5879:
5864:
5853:
5844:
5843:
5831:
5825:
5824:
5822:
5820:
5802:
5796:
5795:
5793:
5791:
5773:
5767:
5753:
5747:
5746:
5739:
5733:
5720:
5714:
5707:
5701:
5700:
5698:
5696:
5686:
5680:
5679:
5677:
5675:
5665:
5659:
5658:
5656:
5654:
5639:
5626:
5619:
5613:
5612:
5606:
5604:
5581:
5575:
5570:
5564:
5563:
5561:
5553:
5544:
5543:
5541:
5539:
5524:
5518:
5517:
5510:
5504:
5499:
5493:
5492:
5490:
5488:
5482:Interfax-Ukraine
5474:
5468:
5467:
5456:
5445:
5440:
5434:
5433:
5431:
5429:
5413:
5407:
5406:
5404:
5402:
5392:
5385:
5379:
5378:
5376:
5374:
5362:
5356:
5355:
5353:
5351:
5341:
5334:
5328:
5327:
5325:
5323:
5308:
5302:
5301:
5299:
5297:
5288:. Archived from
5278:
5272:
5271:
5269:
5267:
5252:
5246:
5245:
5239:
5231:
5229:
5227:
5212:
5206:
5205:
5200:. Archived from
5189:
5183:
5182:
5180:
5178:
5163:
5157:
5156:
5149:
5143:
5142:
5134:
5128:
5127:
5119:
5113:
5112:
5100:
5094:
5093:
5086:
5077:
5076:
5074:
5072:
5057:
5051:
5050:
5048:
5046:
5031:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5020:
5005:
4999:
4998:
4996:
4994:
4974:
4968:
4967:
4965:
4963:
4948:
4942:
4941:
4939:
4937:
4926:The Boston Globe
4918:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4907:
4882:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4871:
4852:
4846:
4845:
4843:
4841:
4830:The Moscow Times
4822:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4811:
4792:
4786:
4785:
4783:
4781:
4765:
4758:
4752:
4751:
4749:
4747:
4732:
4726:
4709:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4698:
4676:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4665:
4650:
4644:
4627:
4621:
4620:
4613:
4607:
4591:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4580:
4557:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4546:
4532:
4526:
4525:
4518:
4512:
4505:
4499:
4498:, 30 August 2006
4489:
4483:
4467:
4461:
4450:
4446:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4430:
4419:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4408:
4397:
4391:
4390:
4383:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4369:
4358:
4352:
4351:
4345:
4339:. Archived from
4306:
4290:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4279:
4259:
4253:
4250:
4244:
4241:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4230:
4221:. Archived from
4215:
4209:
4198:
4189:
4188:
4169:McCauley, Martin
4165:
4159:
4158:
4151:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4140:
4123:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4112:
4101:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4090:
4081:. Archived from
4068:
4062:
4059:
4053:
4050:
4044:
4043:
4025:
4019:
4016:
4003:
4002:
3996:
3988:
3962:
3951:
3950:
3932:
3916:
3914:
3908:
3907:
3897:
3895:
3885:
3883:
3871:
3869:
3864:
3860:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3825:
3824:
3818:
3742:The video game,
3245:
3233:
3223:
3221:
3149:
3109:Saint Petersburg
3062:Chechen Republic
2875:clearance diving
2058:Soviet Partisans
1961:Syrian Civil War
1945:. This includes
1936:Magomed Tushayev
1754:Vilayat Dagestan
1732:Nikolay Kovalyov
1569:unit, pumped an
1505:Yassir al-Sudani
1501:Rappani Khalilov
817:The Crabb Affair
673:Second World War
583:Aleksei Brusilov
494:) also included
460:
459:
450:
449:
387:
380:
376:
373:
367:
344:
336:
299:
282:
275:
264:
261:
248:Russian spetsnaz
234:
233:
226:
219:
212:
208:
205:
199:
198:for suggestions.
194:See Knowledge's
179:
178:
171:
164:
157:
153:
150:
144:
142:
101:
77:
69:
58:
36:
35:
28:
6743:
6742:
6738:
6737:
6736:
6734:
6733:
6732:
6703:
6702:
6698:Wayback Machine
6687:
6679:
6676:
6658:David C. Isby,
6635:
6630:
6620:
6618:
6609:
6608:
6604:
6594:
6592:
6587:
6586:
6582:
6572:
6570:
6565:
6564:
6560:
6550:
6548:
6543:
6542:
6538:
6525:
6524:
6520:
6513:
6509:
6499:
6497:
6492:
6491:
6487:
6477:
6475:
6470:
6469:
6465:
6455:
6453:
6448:
6447:
6443:
6433:
6431:
6426:
6425:
6421:
6411:
6409:
6404:
6403:
6399:
6389:
6387:
6383:
6382:
6378:
6368:
6366:
6361:
6360:
6356:
6346:
6344:
6339:
6338:
6334:
6324:
6322:
6317:
6316:
6312:
6300:
6296:
6288:
6284:
6272:
6268:
6256:
6252:
6242:
6240:
6233:
6228:
6227:
6223:
6213:
6211:
6198:
6194:
6184:
6182:
6173:
6172:
6168:
6158:
6156:
6148:
6147:
6143:
6133:
6131:
6122:
6121:
6117:
6102:
6098:
6088:
6086:
6075:
6071:
6060:
6056:
6046:
6044:
6043:on 16 July 2018
6029:
6022:
6017:
6013:
6006:
6002:
5989:
5988:
5984:
5979:
5975:
5962:
5961:
5957:
5947:
5945:
5930:
5919:
5912:
5898:
5887:
5877:
5875:
5873:
5862:
5854:
5847:
5832:
5828:
5818:
5816:
5809:
5804:
5803:
5799:
5789:
5787:
5780:
5775:
5774:
5770:
5764:Wayback Machine
5754:
5750:
5741:
5740:
5736:
5730:Wayback Machine
5721:
5717:
5708:
5704:
5694:
5692:
5688:
5687:
5683:
5673:
5671:
5667:
5666:
5662:
5652:
5650:
5641:
5640:
5629:
5620:
5616:
5602:
5600:
5598:
5582:
5578:
5571:
5567:
5559:
5555:
5554:
5547:
5537:
5535:
5525:
5521:
5512:
5511:
5507:
5500:
5496:
5486:
5484:
5476:
5475:
5471:
5458:
5457:
5448:
5441:
5437:
5427:
5425:
5414:
5410:
5400:
5398:
5387:
5386:
5382:
5372:
5370:
5363:
5359:
5349:
5347:
5336:
5335:
5331:
5321:
5319:
5310:
5309:
5305:
5295:
5293:
5286:Новости Mail.Ru
5280:
5279:
5275:
5265:
5263:
5253:
5249:
5233:
5232:
5225:
5223:
5214:
5213:
5209:
5190:
5186:
5176:
5174:
5165:
5164:
5160:
5151:
5150:
5146:
5135:
5131:
5120:
5116:
5101:
5097:
5088:
5087:
5080:
5070:
5068:
5059:
5058:
5054:
5044:
5042:
5033:
5032:
5028:
5018:
5016:
5007:
5006:
5002:
4992:
4990:
4975:
4971:
4961:
4959:
4950:
4949:
4945:
4935:
4933:
4920:
4919:
4915:
4905:
4903:
4883:
4879:
4869:
4867:
4854:
4853:
4849:
4839:
4837:
4824:
4823:
4819:
4809:
4807:
4806:on 4 April 2009
4794:
4793:
4789:
4779:
4777:
4769:The Independent
4760:
4759:
4755:
4745:
4743:
4734:
4733:
4729:
4719:Wayback Machine
4710:
4706:
4696:
4694:
4677:
4673:
4663:
4661:
4652:
4651:
4647:
4637:Wayback Machine
4628:
4624:
4615:
4614:
4610:
4601:Wayback Machine
4592:
4588:
4578:
4576:
4568:
4565:Wayback Machine
4558:
4554:
4544:
4542:
4540:The History Guy
4534:
4533:
4529:
4522:"Simmering War"
4520:
4519:
4515:
4511:, 2007 (p. 105)
4506:
4502:
4490:
4486:
4477:Wayback Machine
4468:
4464:
4459:Wayback Machine
4448:
4447:
4438:
4428:
4426:
4421:
4420:
4416:
4406:
4404:
4399:
4398:
4394:
4385:
4384:
4377:
4367:
4365:
4360:
4359:
4355:
4343:
4304:
4294:Grau, Lester W.
4291:
4287:
4277:
4275:
4265:(24 May 1986).
4260:
4256:
4251:
4247:
4242:
4238:
4228:
4226:
4217:
4216:
4212:
4199:
4192:
4185:
4166:
4162:
4153:
4152:
4148:
4138:
4136:
4124:
4120:
4110:
4108:
4103:
4102:
4098:
4088:
4086:
4069:
4065:
4060:
4056:
4051:
4047:
4040:
4026:
4022:
4017:
4006:
3990:
3989:
3977:
3963:
3954:
3947:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3920:
3919:
3906:спецпризначенці
3862:
3827:
3819:
3815:
3810:
3783:
3740:
3674:
3668:
3628:OSN "Rosomakha"
3585:
3514:
3333:Mineralnye Vody
3264:
3236:Internal Troops
3172:
3160:Action Division
3143:
3135:, formerly the
3129:
3086:Hafizullah Amin
2993:Directorate "V"
2983:Directorate "A"
2960:
2863:combat swimmers
2807:Black Sea Fleet
2789:
2740:Signals Company
2697:Support Company
2694:Signals Company
2647:Signals Company
2601:Signals Company
2567:Support Company
2561:Signals Company
2544:Training School
2527:Support Company
2521:Signals Company
2476:Support Company
2395:
2390:
2332:Airborne Forces
2317:
2309:
2262:
2257:
2230:
2228:Kazakh spetsnaz
2217:
2211:
2174:Airborne Troops
2172:(FSIN) and the
2166:
2154:
2123:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1969:
1963:
1904:, which is the
1879:
1873:
1833:
1827:
1776:
1770:
1745:
1724:Dmitry Medvedev
1720:Osama bin Laden
1676:
1674:Lessons learned
1612:Beslan massacre
1600:
1594:
1523:
1517:
1497:Sulim Yamadayev
1437:Aslan Maskhadov
1413:
1407:
1391:
1385:
1346:
1340:
1293:Sulim Yamadayev
1265:
1206:
1173:
1167:
1128:Paktia Province
1033:
1027:
976:Hafizullah Amin
952:
946:
924:sniper rifles.
910:
896:
872:
866:
819:
795:
789:
745:
697:Arseniy Golovko
689:northern Norway
685:
652:
607:
563:
482:units (such as
480:Internal Troops
470:spetsoperatsiya
388:
377:
371:
368:
357:
345:
334:
283:
272:
271:
270:
265:
259:
256:
235:
231:
220:
209:
203:
200:
193:
184:This article's
180:
176:
165:
154:
148:
145:
102:
100:
90:
78:
37:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6741:
6731:
6730:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6701:
6700:
6685:
6675:
6674:External links
6672:
6671:
6670:
6663:
6656:
6639:Viktor Suvorov
6634:
6631:
6629:
6628:
6602:
6580:
6558:
6536:
6518:
6507:
6485:
6463:
6441:
6419:
6397:
6376:
6354:
6332:
6310:
6294:
6282:
6266:
6250:
6221:
6192:
6166:
6141:
6115:
6096:
6069:
6054:
6020:
6011:
6000:
5982:
5973:
5955:
5917:
5910:
5885:
5871:
5845:
5826:
5797:
5768:
5748:
5734:
5715:
5702:
5681:
5660:
5627:
5614:
5596:
5576:
5565:
5545:
5528:Galeotti, Mark
5519:
5505:
5494:
5469:
5446:
5435:
5408:
5380:
5357:
5329:
5303:
5273:
5247:
5207:
5184:
5158:
5144:
5129:
5114:
5095:
5078:
5052:
5026:
5000:
4969:
4943:
4913:
4877:
4847:
4817:
4787:
4753:
4727:
4704:
4671:
4645:
4622:
4608:
4586:
4552:
4527:
4513:
4500:
4484:
4462:
4436:
4414:
4392:
4375:
4353:
4285:
4254:
4245:
4236:
4210:
4190:
4183:
4160:
4146:
4118:
4096:
4063:
4054:
4045:
4038:
4020:
4004:
3975:
3952:
3945:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3805:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3782:
3779:
3739:
3736:
3729:
3728:
3718:
3712:
3706:
3670:Main article:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3662:
3656:
3653:
3650:
3647:
3644:
3641:
3638:
3635:
3632:
3629:
3626:
3623:
3620:
3617:
3614:
3611:
3584:
3581:
3573:Federal Police
3538:Ramzan Kadyrov
3513:
3510:
3502:
3501:
3494:
3491:Severobaikalsk
3487:
3480:
3469:
3468:
3457:
3446:
3435:
3424:
3413:
3402:
3391:
3380:
3369:
3358:
3347:
3336:
3325:
3314:
3303:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3268:National Guard
3263:
3260:
3171:
3168:
3128:
3125:
3097:North Caucasus
3045:
3044:
3041:
3027:
3014:
3000:
2990:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2954:
2948:
2942:
2936:
2930:
2924:
2921:
2915:
2909:
2903:
2897:
2891:
2885:
2835:
2834:
2827:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2817:
2814:Northern Fleet
2810:
2803:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2782:
2781:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2747:
2746:Logistics Unit
2744:
2741:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2707:
2704:
2703:Logistics Unit
2701:
2698:
2695:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2602:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2493:
2492:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2477:
2474:
2447:
2446:
2445:(Spetsnaz GRU)
2439:
2438:
2431:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2403:
2402:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2361:
2360:
2354:National Guard
2351:
2338:
2316:
2313:
2308:
2305:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2229:
2226:
2213:Main article:
2210:
2207:
2202:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2165:
2162:
2153:
2150:
2140:) and Zenith (
2122:
2119:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1984:naval spetsnaz
1965:Main article:
1962:
1959:
1926:, in northern
1875:Main article:
1872:
1869:
1845:Verkhovna Rada
1829:Main article:
1826:
1823:
1772:Main article:
1769:
1766:
1744:
1741:
1696:Vitaly Shlykov
1688:North Caucasus
1675:
1672:
1664:United Nations
1650:region of the
1648:North Caucasus
1596:Main article:
1593:
1590:
1539:Movsar Barayev
1519:Main article:
1516:
1513:
1493:Salman Raduyev
1489:Ruslan Gelayev
1485:Shamil Basayev
1461:Ibn al-Khattab
1409:Main article:
1406:
1403:
1387:Main article:
1384:
1381:
1354:Shamil Basayev
1342:Main article:
1339:
1336:
1264:
1261:
1205:
1202:
1189:Kunar Province
1169:Main article:
1166:
1163:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1045:equipped with
1029:Main article:
1026:
1023:
948:Main article:
945:
942:
906:Main article:
895:
892:
880:Czechoslovakia
868:Main article:
865:
862:
847:Soviet frogman
827:was a British
818:
815:
791:Main article:
788:
785:
753:reconnaissance
744:
741:
732:reconnaissance
701:Northern Fleet
684:
681:
651:
648:
606:
603:
562:
559:
555:Viktor Suvorov
390:
389:
348:
346:
339:
333:
330:
302:special forces
285:
284:
267:
266:
238:
236:
229:
222:
221:
183:
181:
174:
167:
166:
81:
79:
72:
67:
41:
40:
38:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6740:
6729:
6726:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6710:
6708:
6699:
6695:
6692:
6686:
6684:
6678:
6677:
6668:
6664:
6661:
6657:
6655:
6654:0-241-11961-8
6651:
6647:
6645:
6640:
6637:
6636:
6616:
6612:
6606:
6590:
6584:
6568:
6562:
6546:
6540:
6532:
6528:
6522:
6516:
6511:
6495:
6489:
6473:
6467:
6451:
6445:
6429:
6423:
6407:
6401:
6386:
6380:
6364:
6358:
6342:
6336:
6320:
6314:
6307:
6303:
6298:
6291:
6286:
6279:
6275:
6270:
6264:». Н. Сучков.
6263:
6259:
6254:
6238:
6234:
6230:"Warfare.be"
6225:
6209:
6208:
6203:
6196:
6181:. 19 May 2013
6180:
6176:
6170:
6155:
6151:
6145:
6129:
6125:
6119:
6111:
6107:
6100:
6084:
6080:
6073:
6065:
6058:
6042:
6038:
6034:
6027:
6025:
6015:
6009:
6004:
5996:
5992:
5986:
5977:
5969:
5965:
5959:
5943:
5939:
5935:
5928:
5926:
5924:
5922:
5913:
5907:
5903:
5896:
5894:
5892:
5890:
5874:
5868:
5861:
5860:
5852:
5850:
5841:
5837:
5830:
5814:
5810:
5806:"Warfare.be"
5801:
5785:
5781:
5777:"Warfare.be"
5772:
5765:
5761:
5758:
5752:
5744:
5738:
5731:
5727:
5724:
5719:
5712:
5706:
5691:
5685:
5670:
5664:
5648:
5644:
5638:
5636:
5634:
5632:
5624:
5618:
5611:
5599:
5593:
5589:
5588:
5580:
5574:
5569:
5558:
5552:
5550:
5533:
5529:
5523:
5515:
5509:
5503:
5498:
5483:
5479:
5473:
5465:
5461:
5455:
5453:
5451:
5444:
5439:
5423:
5420:. Kyiv Post.
5419:
5412:
5396:
5391:
5384:
5368:
5361:
5345:
5340:
5333:
5317:
5313:
5307:
5291:
5287:
5283:
5277:
5262:
5258:
5251:
5243:
5237:
5221:
5217:
5211:
5203:
5199:
5195:
5188:
5173:. 3 July 2013
5172:
5168:
5162:
5154:
5148:
5140:
5133:
5125:
5118:
5110:
5106:
5099:
5091:
5085:
5083:
5066:
5062:
5056:
5040:
5036:
5030:
5014:
5010:
5004:
4989:
4988:
4983:
4979:
4973:
4957:
4953:
4947:
4931:
4927:
4923:
4917:
4901:
4897:
4896:
4891:
4887:
4886:Satter, David
4881:
4865:
4861:
4857:
4851:
4835:
4831:
4827:
4821:
4805:
4801:
4797:
4791:
4775:
4771:
4770:
4764:
4757:
4741:
4737:
4731:
4725:, 4 June 2005
4724:
4720:
4716:
4713:
4708:
4692:
4688:
4687:
4686:New Scientist
4682:
4675:
4659:
4655:
4649:
4642:
4638:
4634:
4631:
4626:
4618:
4612:
4605:
4602:
4598:
4595:
4590:
4575:
4571:
4566:
4562:
4556:
4541:
4537:
4531:
4523:
4517:
4510:
4507:Adam Dolnik,
4504:
4497:
4493:
4488:
4481:
4478:
4474:
4471:
4466:
4460:
4456:
4453:
4445:
4443:
4441:
4424:
4418:
4402:
4396:
4389:. 6 May 2021.
4388:
4382:
4380:
4363:
4357:
4349:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4303:
4299:
4295:
4289:
4274:
4273:
4268:
4264:
4263:Tempest, Rone
4258:
4249:
4240:
4224:
4220:
4214:
4207:
4203:
4197:
4195:
4186:
4180:
4176:
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4164:
4156:
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4129:
4122:
4106:
4100:
4084:
4080:
4079:
4074:
4067:
4058:
4049:
4041:
4035:
4031:
4024:
4015:
4013:
4011:
4009:
4000:
3994:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3972:
3968:
3961:
3959:
3957:
3948:
3946:0-241-11961-8
3942:
3938:
3931:
3927:
3913:
3900:
3894:
3888:
3879:
3874:
3868:
3859:
3857:
3853:
3845:
3833:
3817:
3813:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3778:
3776:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3763:
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3756:
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3735:
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3723:
3719:
3716:
3713:
3710:
3707:
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3700:
3699:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3679:
3673:
3660:
3657:
3654:
3651:
3648:
3645:
3643:OSN "Yastreb"
3642:
3639:
3637:OSN "Tornado"
3636:
3633:
3630:
3627:
3624:
3621:
3619:OSN "Ajsberg"
3618:
3615:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3600:
3598:
3589:
3580:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3562:
3557:
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3523:
3519:
3509:
3507:
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3478:
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3400:
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3392:
3389:
3385:
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3370:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3356:
3352:
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3345:
3341:
3337:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3301:
3300:Novocherkassk
3297:
3293:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3269:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3241:
3237:
3232:
3226:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3189:
3184:
3176:
3167:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3147:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3089:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3074:Yekaterinburg
3071:
3067:
3063:
3058:
3054:
3049:
3042:
3039:
3035:
3034:
3028:
3026:
3022:
3021:
3015:
3013:
3012:Moscow Oblast
3009:
3005:
3001:
2998:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2969:
2964:
2953:
2949:
2947:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2929:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2896:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2865:, trained to
2864:
2860:
2852:
2847:
2839:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2822:
2818:
2815:
2811:
2808:
2804:
2801:
2800:Pacific Fleet
2797:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2761:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2719:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2706:Engineer Unit
2705:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2680:
2679:Rostov Oblast
2676:
2675:
2671:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2625:
2622:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2588:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2548:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2450:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2393:Ground Forces
2382:
2377:
2370:
2365:
2359:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2328:Ground Forces
2326:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2312:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2252:
2250:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2225:
2222:
2216:
2206:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2161:
2159:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2111:Yuri Andropov
2107:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2065:Georgy Zhukov
2061:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2034:
2032:
2031:Ilya Starinov
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2013:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1974:
1968:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1903:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1878:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1822:
1820:
1815:
1813:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1775:
1765:
1761:
1759:
1755:
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1740:
1737:
1733:
1727:
1725:
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1707:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1689:
1685:
1680:
1671:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1640:North Ossetia
1637:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1604:
1599:
1589:
1587:
1582:
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1568:
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1418:
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1400:
1396:
1390:
1380:
1378:
1372:
1368:
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1361:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1345:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1213:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1177:Pakistan Army
1172:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1104:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1022:
1020:
1014:
1012:
1011:Tajbeg Palace
1008:
1004:
1003:
998:
997:
992:
988:
983:
981:
980:Babrak Karmal
977:
973:
972:Tajbeg Palace
969:
965:
956:
951:
941:
939:
938:Moscow Museum
935:
929:
927:
923:
919:
918:South Vietnam
915:
909:
900:
891:
889:
885:
881:
877:
871:
870:Prague Spring
864:Prague Spring
861:
858:
854:
853:
852:Ordzhonikidze
848:
844:
843:
838:
834:
830:
826:
823:
814:
812:
808:
804:
800:
794:
784:
782:
779:in 1943, 316
778:
773:
771:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
740:
738:
733:
728:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
709:Viktor Leonov
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
680:
678:
674:
670:
666:
665:
660:
656:
647:
645:
643:
638:
637:
632:
631:
626:
622:
621:
616:
612:
602:
600:
599:Stormtroopers
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
577:prior to the
576:
572:
571:Alexander III
568:
558:
556:
552:
548:
543:
539:
535:
534:
529:
528:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
505:
501:
497:
493:
492:
487:
486:
481:
477:
476:
471:
467:
462:
454:
444:
440:
435:
433:
429:
425:
422:Russian, for
421:
417:
413:
409:
401:
396:
386:
383:
375:
365:
361:
355:
354:
349:This section
347:
343:
338:
337:
329:
326:
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
295:
291:
281:
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109:
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104:Find sources:
98:
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82:This article
80:
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6688:(in Russian)
6680:(in Russian)
6666:
6659:
6642:
6619:. Retrieved
6614:
6605:
6593:. Retrieved
6583:
6571:. Retrieved
6569:. Gorod48.ru
6561:
6549:. Retrieved
6539:
6531:the original
6521:
6510:
6498:. Retrieved
6488:
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6466:
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6444:
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6422:
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6400:
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6379:
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6357:
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6335:
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6313:
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6269:
6253:
6241:. Retrieved
6239:(in Russian)
6236:
6224:
6212:. Retrieved
6205:
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6183:. Retrieved
6178:
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6153:
6144:
6132:. Retrieved
6128:the original
6118:
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6099:
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6083:the original
6072:
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6045:. Retrieved
6041:the original
6036:
6014:
6003:
5994:
5985:
5976:
5967:
5958:
5948:24 September
5946:. Retrieved
5942:the original
5937:
5901:
5878:22 September
5876:. Retrieved
5858:
5829:
5817:. Retrieved
5815:(in Russian)
5812:
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5788:. Retrieved
5786:(in Russian)
5783:
5771:
5751:
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5705:
5693:. Retrieved
5684:
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5653:24 September
5651:. Retrieved
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5039:the original
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5013:the original
5003:
4991:. Retrieved
4985:
4978:Baker, Peter
4972:
4960:. Retrieved
4955:
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4934:. Retrieved
4930:the original
4925:
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4834:the original
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4804:the original
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4740:the original
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4657:
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4573:
4561:Ghostarchive
4559:Archived at
4555:
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4539:
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4508:
4503:
4487:
4465:
4449:(in Russian)
4427:. Retrieved
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4356:
4341:the original
4312:
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4270:
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4239:
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4223:the original
4213:
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4163:
4149:
4137:. Retrieved
4133:The Guardian
4131:
4121:
4109:. Retrieved
4099:
4087:. Retrieved
4083:the original
4078:Daily Mirror
4076:
4066:
4057:
4048:
4029:
4023:
3966:
3936:
3930:
3855:
3851:
3816:
3772:
3765:
3759:
3751:Call of Duty
3743:
3741:
3733:
3730:
3675:
3655:OSN "Gepard"
3646:OSN "Berkut"
3640:OSN "Kondor"
3634:OSN "Saturn"
3625:OSN "Korsar"
3622:OSN "Gyurza"
3601:
3595:The Russian
3594:
3566:
3549:
3515:
3503:
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3460:
3449:
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3427:
3416:
3405:
3394:
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3328:
3317:
3311:Nizhny Tagil
3306:
3295:
3280:
3271:
3265:
3255:
3247:
3193:
3188:Maroon Beret
3164:
3152:PGU KGB SSSR
3130:
3120:
3112:
3105:
3090:
3050:
3046:
3031:Spetsgruppa
3030:
3018:Spetsgruppa
3017:
3003:
2996:
2986:
2975:
2973:
2895:Novorossiysk
2859:Russian Navy
2856:
2821:Baltic Fleet
2762:
2725:
2672:
2623:
2589:
2549:
2495:
2466:Pskov Oblast
2459:
2448:
2369:Spetsnaz SSO
2358:Maroon beret
2318:
2310:
2299:
2295:
2274:Spetsnaz GRU
2263:
2246:
2231:
2218:
2203:
2186:
2177:
2167:
2155:
2141:
2137:
2135:
2124:
2108:
2096:Spetsnaz GRU
2088:Soviet Union
2085:
2077:World War II
2072:
2068:
2062:
2053:
2035:
2026:
2009:
1999:Soviet Union
1980:GRU spetsnaz
1977:
1970:
1940:
1920:paramilitary
1907:
1899:
1880:
1858:
1816:
1808:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1789:
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1762:
1746:
1728:
1708:
1704:Dokka Umarov
1693:
1668:
1633:
1611:
1609:
1583:
1579:
1543:
1524:
1465:Abu al-Walid
1445:Dokka Umarov
1424:
1414:
1399:Spetsnaz GRU
1392:
1373:
1369:
1362:
1347:
1316:Chechen Wars
1309:
1298:
1291:soldiers of
1258:
1243:
1211:
1207:
1174:
1155:Konar Valley
1152:
1136:
1109:
1073:
1049:(16 units),
1037:
1034:
1015:
1002:Zenith Group
1000:
994:
984:
961:
930:
922:SVD Dragunov
911:
873:
851:
842:Daily Mirror
840:
831:frogman and
825:Lionel Crabb
820:
799:Soviet Union
796:
780:
774:
748:
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729:
686:
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587:shock troops
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549:by defected
546:
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518:naznacheniya
517:
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469:
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411:
407:
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400:Spetsnaz SSO
378:
369:
358:Please help
353:verification
350:
324:
322:
310:Spetsnaz GRU
289:
288:
273:
257:
246:
240:
210:
204:January 2023
201:
185:
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149:January 2023
146:
136:
129:
122:
115:
103:
91:Please help
86:verification
83:
59:
52:
46:
45:Please help
42:
25:
5819:31 December
5790:30 December
5713:, page 119.
5538:3 September
5487:28 February
5373:30 December
5316:РИА Новости
5266:3 September
5177:3 September
5092:. grani.ru.
4993:4 September
4278:3 September
4111:3 September
4089:17 November
3792:Guards unit
3762:Guy Ritchie
3755:ARMA series
3726:Alpha Group
3687:Alpha group
3652:OSN "Titan"
3631:OSN "Sokol"
3616:OSN "Akula"
3613:OSN "Rossy"
3610:OSN "Fakel"
3530:riot police
3410:Arkhangelsk
3366:Chelyabinsk
3344:Novosibirsk
3256:spetsgruppa
3144: [
3053:Alpha Group
2968:Makhachkala
2901:Makhachkala
2737:Brigade HQ
2730:– based in
2691:Brigade HQ
2644:EOD company
2641:Brigade HQ
2626:– based in
2598:Brigade HQ
2592:– based in
2558:Brigade HQ
2518:Brigade HQ
2500:– based in
2470:Brigade HQ
2349:Black beret
2234:Alpha Group
2164:Post-Soviet
2127:Alpha Group
2019:Great Purge
1895:Alpha Group
1851:during its
1716:Doku Umarov
1575:ventilation
1358:Budyonnovsk
1302:during the
1275:during the
1238:tit-for-tat
1210:Group "A" (
1116:air assault
1098:411th Oospn
1095:370th Oospn
1092:186th Oospn
1089:173rd Oospn
1083:Lashkar Gah
1070:668th Oospn
1067:334th Oospn
1064:177th Oospn
1061:154th Oospn
1025:Caravan war
996:Alpha Group
914:Vietnam War
908:Vietnam War
876:Warsaw pact
807:Fürstenberg
737:Port Vonsan
721:scuba diver
713:Soviet Navy
575:World War I
527:perestroika
516:) purpose (
514:spetsialnog
432:capitalized
6707:Categories
6595:15 October
6573:16 October
6551:16 October
6500:16 October
6478:16 October
6456:16 October
6434:16 October
6412:16 October
6390:16 October
6369:16 October
6347:16 October
6325:16 October
5995:voenpro.ru
5840:bellingcat
5647:Newsru.com
5226:16 October
5071:15 October
5045:15 October
5019:15 October
4906:15 October
4870:16 October
4840:15 October
4810:15 October
4780:15 October
4746:15 October
4697:15 October
4664:15 October
4579:15 October
4545:15 October
4452:Буденновск
4429:15 October
4368:15 October
4315:(4): 1–2.
3923:References
3767:RocknRolla
3720:Ukraine's
3659:OSN Saturn
3649:OSN "Grif"
3546:Kadyrovtsy
3520:(formerly
3477:Khabarovsk
3465:Simferopol
3115:(Hail) or
3078:Khabarovsk
3025:Yessentuki
2934:Gadzhiyevo
2889:Sevastopol
2336:Blue beret
2073:"spetsnaz"
1955:Rosgvardia
1922:under the
1917:Kadyrovtsy
1906:Ukrainian
1785:State Duma
1547:auditorium
1477:Ali Taziev
1185:Mujahideen
1112:Mujahideen
829:Royal Navy
420:Soviet era
372:April 2022
119:newspapers
108:"Spetsnaz"
48:improve it
6243:1 January
6214:5 October
6089:2 January
5428:8 January
5401:8 January
5350:8 January
4936:9 January
4480:Gazeta.Ru
4337:144815708
4329:1351-8046
4229:7 October
3993:cite book
3887:romanized
3878:Ukrainian
3858:nachéniya
3844:romanized
3522:Militsiya
3518:Politsiya
3459:35th OSN
3448:34th OSN
3437:33rd OSN
3432:Stavropol
3428:Svyatogor
3426:30th OSN
3415:29th OSN
3404:28th OSN
3393:27th OSN
3382:26th OSN
3371:25th OSN
3360:23rd OSN
3349:21st OSN
3338:19th OSN
3327:17th OSN
3316:15th OSN
3305:12th OSN
3225:romanized
3070:Krasnodar
3010:city and
2952:Kronstadt
2907:Vidyayevo
2851:Kamchatka
2767:Stavropol
2594:Ussuriysk
2388:Structure
2383:training.
2371:operative
1994:Structure
1421:first war
1393:The mass
1246:Hezbollah
1198:Hill 3234
1019:40th Army
916:. Within
770:partisans
717:Polyarnyy
443:spetspryz
439:Ukrainian
332:Etymology
54:talk page
6694:Archived
6644:Spetsnaz
6110:Academia
6033:"Delfin"
5760:Archived
5726:Archived
5422:Archived
5395:Archived
5344:Archived
5236:cite web
5220:canoe.ca
5198:NBC News
4956:BBC News
4864:Archived
4774:Archived
4723:BBC News
4715:Archived
4691:Archived
4658:BBC News
4641:BBC News
4633:Archived
4597:Archived
4563:and the
4473:Archived
4455:Archived
4300:(2005).
4171:(2008).
3985:75619581
3854:iálnogo
3781:See also
3550:spetsnaz
3484:Murmansk
3439:Peresvet
3399:Kemerovo
3377:Smolensk
3373:Merkuriy
3355:Sosnovka
3329:Edelveys
3294:7th OSN
3281:O.D.O.N.
3123:(Orca).
3117:Murmansk
3093:Cold War
2946:Baltiysk
2928:Murmansk
2573:K-9 Unit
2509:Russian
2502:Tolyatti
2367:Russian
2307:Training
2184:(MChS).
2178:spetsnaz
2069:spetsnaz
2063:In 1950
2038:Red Army
2027:spetsnaz
1957:forces.
1932:Gostomel
1908:Spetsnaz
1893:and the
1839:Russian
1804:Khankala
1660:Chechnya
1621:Ossetian
1586:naloxone
1527:Chechens
1473:Muhannad
1330:and the
1322:and the
1135:role in
878:invaded
839:and the
793:Cold War
787:Cold War
761:athletes
757:commando
542:spetsnaz
533:glasnost
522:spec ops
510:Spetsnaz
500:Spetsnaz
448:спецприз
408:spetsnaz
398:Russian
325:spetsnaz
304:in many
290:Spetsnaz
260:May 2022
6633:Sources
6621:31 July
6615:Reuters
6306:YouTube
6185:31 July
6159:31 July
6134:31 July
6047:23 June
5695:31 July
5674:31 July
5322:31 July
5296:31 July
4962:28 July
4860:YouTube
4574:YouTube
4407:3 March
3901:
3889::
3850:Voyská
3823:спецназ
3678:Ukraine
3395:Kuzbass
3322:Armavir
3318:Vyatich
3240:Russian
3227::
3216:Russian
3154:called
3121:Kasatka
3033:Tavrida
2732:Irkutsk
2437:(G.R.U)
2345:Marines
2315:Uniform
2012:Colonel
1930:around
1847:of the
1783:in the
1686:in the
1662:at the
1646:in the
1625:Kremlin
1289:Chechen
1287:Ethnic
1232:in the
1222:Lebanon
1159:Barikot
777:Smolesk
765:hunters
699:of the
693:Finland
402:snipers
298:Спецназ
294:Russian
253:discuss
133:scholar
6652:
5908:
5869:
5610:lines.
5603:30 May
5594:
4800:UNICEF
4335:
4327:
4204:
4181:
4139:2 June
4036:
3983:
3973:
3943:
3606:OSNs:
3512:Police
3498:Ozersk
3454:Grozny
3443:Moscow
3406:Ratnik
3362:Mechel
3351:Tayfun
3296:Rosich
3270:OSNs (
3206:, and
3156:Vympel
3141:Zaslon
3133:SVR RF
3066:Moscow
3038:Crimea
3020:Kavkaz
3008:Moscow
2970:, 2009
2871:mining
2853:(2017)
2833:(PDSS)
2628:Tambov
2409:(SOF)
2401:(KSSO)
2321:berets
2296:Vostok
2138:Kaskad
1853:attack
1636:Beslan
1617:Ingush
1565:(MVD)
1553:(FSB)
1395:sieges
1350:crisis
1299:Vostok
1218:Beirut
1124:Zhawar
1055:Ghazni
934:F-111A
888:Prague
553:agent
485:OMSDON
300:) are
135:
128:
121:
114:
106:
5863:(PDF)
5560:(PDF)
4344:(PDF)
4333:S2CID
4305:(PDF)
3852:spets
3808:Notes
3764:film
3417:Bulat
3388:Kazan
3340:Ermak
3244:ОСНАЗ
3214:(VV,
3148:]
2300:Zapad
2142:Zenit
2054:osnaz
2046:front
1796:, or
1736:spies
1555:Alpha
1212:Alpha
1157:near
1047:Mi-24
1007:Kabul
811:Havel
664:Cheka
642:Cheka
620:Cheka
504:osnaz
475:Cheka
412:osnaz
242:split
140:JSTOR
126:books
6650:ISBN
6623:2015
6597:2014
6575:2014
6553:2014
6502:2014
6480:2014
6458:2014
6436:2014
6414:2014
6392:2014
6371:2014
6349:2014
6327:2014
6245:2013
6216:2014
6187:2015
6161:2015
6136:2015
6091:2013
6049:2017
5950:2017
5906:ISBN
5880:2017
5867:ISBN
5821:2012
5792:2012
5697:2015
5676:2015
5655:2017
5605:2019
5592:ISBN
5540:2017
5489:2022
5430:2015
5403:2015
5375:2014
5352:2015
5324:2015
5298:2015
5268:2017
5242:link
5228:2014
5179:2017
5073:2014
5047:2014
5021:2014
4995:2017
4964:2006
4938:2007
4908:2014
4872:2014
4842:2014
4812:2014
4782:2014
4748:2014
4699:2014
4666:2014
4581:2014
4547:2014
4431:2014
4409:2014
4370:2014
4325:ISSN
4280:2017
4231:2015
4202:ISBN
4179:ISBN
4141:2013
4113:2017
4091:2007
4034:ISBN
3999:link
3981:OCLC
3971:ISBN
3941:ISBN
3899:lit.
3873:lit.
3863:IPA:
3828:IPA:
3552:").
3534:SOBR
3526:OMON
3450:Skif
3384:Bars
3307:Ural
3252:ODON
3208:OMON
3204:SOBR
3131:The
3113:Grad
3076:and
2873:and
2857:The
2787:Navy
2381:HALO
2343:and
2341:Navy
2330:and
2298:and
2050:NKVD
1988:KSSO
1953:and
1951:Army
1928:Kyiv
1642:(an
1567:SOBR
1557:and
1348:The
1051:Mi-8
999:and
989:and
874:The
781:OGBM
755:and
743:Army
691:and
683:Navy
659:NKVD
657:and
636:NKVD
633:and
565:The
502:and
491:ODON
488:and
478:and
426:and
414:are
410:and
112:news
6262:ОТВ
4604:BBC
4317:doi
3856:naz
3461:Rus
3421:Ufa
3162:).
3119:'s
3111:'s
3088:).
3036:) (
2765:in
2270:GRU
2152:MVD
2121:KGB
2029:",
1947:FSB
1943:KIA
1798:ОГВ
1794:OGV
1295:'s
1273:APC
1126:in
991:GRU
987:KGB
837:BBC
833:MI6
805:in
763:or
655:GRU
630:GRU
551:GRU
461:).
437:In
418:of
362:by
323:As
255:)
251:. (
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6613:.
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