657:
29:
53:
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and 60 are eligible for membership, although if a woman marries and becomes a housewife, she is eligible regardless of age. Lately, even retirees have been forced to participate in its activities. Officially, the Union represents women who are not members in any other mass organizations, but in reality it is used to pass on decisions made by the
592:
or any other mass organization, which is the case for women who do not work outside their home. This feature of the Union makes it unique worldwide. This practice was adopted in the 1960s. Early on, membership was reserved to women between the ages of 18 and 61. Nowadays, women between the ages of 31
536:. It was the first mass organization founded with a particular segment of the society in mind. Its initial task was to gather spontaneously formed regional women's organizations under its control. The Union held its first congress on 10 May 1946. At that time, it had 800,000 members in branches in 12
488:
and increasing political participation of women in North Korea. In its early days after its foundation in 1945, the Union had well more than a million members, compared to its current membership of about 200,000 to 250,000. Its influence has been reduced since the economic reforms of the early 2000s.
576:
The North and South branches became merged on 20 April 1951. Official North Korean histories date the origins of the present organization to either
December 1926 or January 1951, although both of these accounts are disputed. More recently, the Union has succeeded in increasing the number of women in
577:
manufacturing jobs. The early 2000s economic reforms, which allowed people to pursue profits, weakened the ideological reach of the Union, whose membership of housewives were now busy in the marketplace. Despite this, it remains one of the most important mass organizations in the country.
479:
Membership has been restricted to those women who are not members of any other mass organization. As a result, Union members are effectively composed of women who do not work outside of home. The Union nominally represents these women, but in reality it is used for the implementation of
568:
and Kim Il Sung for leadership of the country, as well as opposing "fascism", "traitors", feudal customs and superstition. Nominally, the Union represented the whole
Peninsula but in reality it had little connections with women in the south.
572:
By 1947, the Union had 1.5 million members. The vast majority of them, some 73 percent, were peasants while 5.3 percent were workers, 0.97 percent were intellectuals, and the remaining 20 percent included all others, such as housewives.
705:
to succeed Kim Il Sung, as opposed to Kim Jong Il from Kim Il Sung's first marriage. The Union lost much of its importance after Kim Jong Il managed to succeed his father, and Kim Sung-ae resigned her post on 25 April 1998.
563:
enhanced the role of the Union. Some of the political goals of the Union had to do with supporting the communists rather than specifically focusing on women's issues. The Union platform consisted of supporting the
2305:
697:
Kim Il Sung and former vice chairperson of the Union, in 1972. She gave the Union its current, totalitarian form. It is possible that she used her position to promote her sons
656:
541:
679:
675:. Under Pak, who served until 1965, the Union was not unlike women's organizations elsewhere in the world. It was only later that it attained totalitarian features.
637:
1897:
660:
Pak Chong-ae, the first chairperson of the North Korean
Central Committee of the Union speaks at a rally for the local elections in North Korea held 3rd Nov. 1946.
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The North Korean branch of the Union, the North Korea
Democratic Women's League, was established on 18 November 1945 as part of an effort by the
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223:
197:
157:
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182:
1810:
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544:, and 616 townships. By the end of 1946, almost one in five women of the country were Union members as membership had risen to 1,030,000.
785:
2285:
2300:
622:, there is a Union representative under the workplace Chief Secretary, who in turn is responsible to the workplace Party Committee.
1770:
Let Us
Further Intensify the Work of the Women's Union Under the Banner of Modelling the Whole Society on Kimilsungism-Kimjonilisim
547:
At its inception, the Union worked to enact laws regarding equality of the sexes as well as to bring women into politics. When the
2247:
1883:
605:
463:
790:
462:, it is the oldest and one of the most important mass organizations in the country. The Union has committees on every level of
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The post of the chairperson is usually conferred to the most powerful woman in North Korea. Previous chairpersons include
664:
The post of the chairperson of the Union has traditionally been conferred to the most powerful woman in North Korea.
548:
580:
At the Union's Sixth
Congress on 17–18 November 2016, the name was changed to the Socialist Women's Union of Korea.
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780:
648:. It started appearing regularly in 1947 and was published monthly until 1982 when publication became bimonthly.
619:
1740:
1712:
1684:
1444:
389:
299:
1118:. Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley, Center for Korean Studies. p. 84.
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2008:
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34:
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2004:
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The
Central Committee of the Union holds plenary sessions twice a year. The Union is a member of the
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1741:"Supporting the Front is an Important Duty of the Members of the Women's Union"
52:
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1979:
1959:
1949:
1811:"Women in North Korea: An Interview with the Korean Democratic Women's Union"
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1605:
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The first chairperson of the North Korean
Central Committee of the Union was
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1989:
1939:
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The Union runs a publishing house that publishes a monthly magazine called
210:
38:
33:
The emblem of the
Socialist Women's Union of Korea shows the symbol of the
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2129:
2099:
2079:
2074:
2024:
2019:
2014:
1994:
1969:
1954:
1918:
726:
725:(who is the daughter of Pak Chong-ae). The current vice chairpersons are
710:
702:
690:
560:
500:
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455:
172:
132:
42:
1567:"Revolutionary Mothers: Women in the North Korean Revolution, 1945–1950"
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to enroll as many people as possible as members of communist-controlled
2089:
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683:
394:
304:
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120:
1859:
1250:
1150:
1246:"Elderly Women Should Stop Complaining and Start Participating"
845:
335:
239:
1547:
Historical
Dictionary of Democratic People's Republic of Korea
1002:. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press. p. 173.
922:. Alexandria: Institute for Defense Analyses. p. IV–43.
686:. When her husband was purged in 1969, Kim was also deposed.
618:
level. The Union has some 200,000–250,000 members. Under the
362:
269:
1393:
Korea and the Imperialists: In Search of a National Identity
709:
It was thought that Kim Jong Il would appoint his own wife,
588:
Membership is reserved for those who are not members of the
1091:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 223–224.
484:
policies. The Union has had an important role in achieving
1591:
1357:. Translated by Smith, James. Leiden: BRILL. p. 268.
1354:
Patriarchy in East Asia: A Comparative Sociology of Gender
1297:
1229:
1215:
977:
975:
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There is a committee affiliated with the Union for every
408:
318:
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1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1645:
Everyday Life in the North Korean Revolution, 1945–1950
1415:
1413:
1371:
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1000:
Women and Revolution in Africa, Asia, and the New World
642:, which, since September 1946, has published its organ
2306:
Women's International Democratic Federation affiliates
1425:
1194:
972:
962:
960:
958:
956:
954:
913:"Inside North Korea's Black Box: Reversing the Optics"
1499:
1487:
1475:
1463:
1111:
1055:
1043:
1600:. Seoul: Institute for Unification Education. 2015.
1410:
1021:
1019:
941:
939:
937:
748:
951:
879:. London: Europa Publications. 2004. p. 2486.
1905:
1332:
526:North Korea Bureau of the Communist Party of Korea
1016:
934:
555:, approached, many men opposed women running for
2267:
1713:"On Strengthening Guidance to the Women's Union"
1115:North Korea Today: Strategic and Domestic Issues
1105:
996:"Women and Revolution in South and North Korea"
906:
904:
902:
900:
898:
896:
630:Democratic Front for the Reunification of Korea
224:Democratic Front for the Reunification of Korea
1350:
566:Provisional People's Committee for North Korea
1891:
1344:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
993:
721:. Jang's predecessor since October 2000, was
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987:
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876:The Europa World Year: Kazakhstan – Zimbabwe
849:
441:
427:
368:
341:
275:
245:
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1112:Scalapino, Robert A.; Chun-yŏp Kim (1983).
786:General Federation of Trade Unions of Korea
2276:Women's organizations based in North Korea
1898:
1884:
1685:"On the Future Tasks of the Women's Union"
1571:Comparative Studies in Society and History
1389:
1157:
51:
27:
1582:
1522:
1396:. Bloomington: AuthorHouse. p. 141.
1377:
1078:
1037:
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1808:
1383:
1311:
867:
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2248:Category:North Korean women in politics
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464:administrative divisions of North Korea
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1526:The North Korean Revolution, 1945–1950
1505:
1493:
1481:
1469:
1172:
1088:North Korea: Markets and Military Rule
1072:
1049:
832:Korean Democratic Women's League, KDWL
791:Kimilsungist-Kimjongilist Youth League
1879:
1543:
1431:
1419:
1318:. Singapore: CQ Press. p. 3330.
1084:
966:
911:Mansourov, Alexandre Y. (June 2004).
460:North Korea Democratic Women's League
306:Joseon Sahoe Juui Nyeoseong Dongmaeng
2230:Women in the North Korean Revolution
1818:Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars
1647:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
1529:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
1315:Political Handbook of the World 2015
844:: Pukchosǒn minju yǒsǒng tongmaeng;
811:Women in the North Korean Revolution
549:North Korean local elections of 1946
320:Chosŏn Sahoe Chuŭi Nyŏsŏng Tongmaeng
234:Socialist Women's Union of Korea
1738:
1710:
1682:
1661:
1642:
1564:
1338:
1200:
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945:
635:The Union runs a publishing house,
496:, the wife of the country's former
13:
2291:Women's wings of communist parties
1778:Foreign Languages Publishing House
1752:Foreign Languages Publishing House
1724:Foreign Languages Publishing House
1696:Foreign Languages Publishing House
1668:Foreign Languages Publishing House
1635:
1445:"6th Session of the 13th SPA Held"
14:
2317:
2286:Organizations established in 1945
1802:
1173:Lankov, Andrei (6 January 2008).
1139:Jong Sun Bok (21 November 2016).
608:of North Korea, all the way from
2202:Socialist Women's Union of Korea
1664:On the Work of the Women's Union
1244:Lee Sung Jin (15 October 2008).
998:. In Tétreault, Mary Ann (ed.).
765:
751:
420:Socialist Women's Union of Korea
396:Joseon Minju Nyeoseong Dongmaeng
22:Socialist Women's Union of Korea
1437:
1265:
1132:
682:, wife of the former guerrilla
651:
583:
434:Korean Democratic Women's Union
330:Korean Democratic Women's Union
2254:Women in North Korean politics
1906:Women in North Korean politics
1830:10.1080/14672715.1985.10409826
1594:Understanding North Korea 2014
1523:Armstrong, Charles K. (2013).
1515:
1299:Understanding North Korea 2014
1231:Understanding North Korea 2014
1217:Understanding North Korea 2014
835:
823:
442:
428:
410:Chosŏn Minju Nyŏsŏng Tongmaeng
369:
342:
276:
246:
16:North Korean mass organization
1:
2301:Women's rights in North Korea
2235:Women's rights in North Korea
1141:"Women's union congress held"
860:
717:. The current chairperson is
2281:1945 establishments in Korea
1863:(in Korean). 4 February 2014
1449:North Korea Leadership Watch
1277:North Korea Leadership Watch
781:All-China Women's Federation
532:in the northern part of the
472:(village) all the way up to
7:
1854:북한, 여맹 위원장 6년 만에 로성실→김정순 교체
1550:. Lanham: Scarecrow Press.
744:
671:. Its vice chairperson was
409:
395:
319:
305:
10:
2322:
1750:. Vol. 6. Pyongyang:
1722:. Vol. 3. Pyongyang:
1694:. Vol. 2. Pyongyang:
920:North Korean Policy Elites
519:
66:North Korea Women's League
2243:
2217:
2192:
2143:
1932:
1911:
1584:10.1017/S0010417510000459
850:
595:government of North Korea
458:. Founded in 1945 as the
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126:
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98:
88:
70:
62:
50:
26:
1853:
1544:Hoare, James E. (2012).
1273:"Workers' Organizations"
816:
553:elections in the country
2296:Workers' Party of Korea
1351:Kaku Sechiyama (2013).
801:Workers' Party of Korea
796:Politics of North Korea
737:. The vice director is
606:administrative division
590:Workers' Party of Korea
503:. The current chair is
35:Workers' Party of Korea
1809:Halliday, Jon (1985).
1619:. Seoul: M.E. Sharpe.
1312:Lansford, Tom (2015).
994:Kyung Ae Park (1994).
661:
599:political mobilization
76:; 78 years ago
2194:Women's organizations
1085:Smith, Hazel (2015).
693:, the second wife of
659:
74:18 November 1945
2256:at Wikimedia Commons
2225:Women in North Korea
1767:Kim Jong Un (2017).
1754:. pp. 377–383.
1726:. pp. 423–429.
1698:. pp. 187–199.
1662:Kim Il-sung (1971).
1616:North Korea Handbook
806:Women in North Korea
689:She was followed by
678:Pak was followed by
390:Revised Romanization
300:Revised Romanization
1390:Young Park (2009).
1203:, pp. 750–751.
1146:The Pyongyang Times
695:North Korean leader
551:, first democratic
219:Parent organization
23:
1748:Kim Il Sung: Works
1720:Kim Il Sung: Works
1692:Kim Il Sung: Works
1643:Kim, Suzy (2016).
1565:Kim, Suzy (2010).
759:North Korea portal
662:
557:People's Committee
530:mass organizations
21:
2263:
2262:
2252:Media related to
1839:on 11 August 2011
1739:— (1981) .
1711:— (1980) .
1683:— (1980) .
1654:978-1-5017-0568-7
1626:978-0-7656-3523-5
1557:978-0-8108-7987-4
1536:978-0-8014-6879-7
1403:978-1-4389-3141-8
1364:978-90-04-24777-2
1325:978-1-4833-7155-9
1279:. 16 January 2018
1125:978-0-912966-55-7
1098:978-1-316-23964-3
1009:978-1-57003-016-1
886:978-1-85743-255-8
842:McCune–Reischauer
620:Taean work system
448:mass organization
416:
415:
404:McCune–Reischauer
314:McCune–Reischauer
229:
228:
165:Vice chairpersons
93:Mass organization
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1832:. Archived from
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1434:, p. xliii.
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1636:Further reading
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1613:Yonhap (2002).
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1451:. 14 April 2018
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638:Chosǒn Yǒsǒngsa
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559:. In response,
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486:gender equality
432:; formerly the
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147:200,000–250,000
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1801:
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1786:Women of Korea
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1577:(4): 742–767.
1562:
1556:
1541:
1535:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1508:, p. 755.
1498:
1496:, p. 921.
1486:
1484:, p. 805.
1474:
1472:, p. 787.
1462:
1436:
1424:
1422:, p. 223.
1409:
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1382:
1378:Armstrong 2013
1370:
1363:
1343:
1341:, p. 754.
1331:
1324:
1304:
1302:, p. 224.
1290:
1264:
1236:
1234:, p. 371.
1222:
1220:, p. 367.
1205:
1193:
1156:
1131:
1124:
1104:
1097:
1077:
1075:, p. 390.
1054:
1052:, p. 935.
1042:
1038:Armstrong 2013
1030:
1028:, p. 751.
1015:
1008:
986:
982:Armstrong 2013
971:
969:, p. 233.
950:
948:, p. 750.
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834:
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813:
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746:
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731:Jong Myong-hui
653:
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585:
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145:
139:
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113:Chungsŏng-dong
110:
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103:Women's rights
100:
96:
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90:
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85:
72:
68:
67:
64:
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2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
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1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1981:
1980:Hyon Song-wol
1978:
1975:
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1968:
1965:
1961:
1960:Hwang Sun-hui
1958:
1956:
1953:
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1950:Han Kwang-bok
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1807:
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1795:
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1776:. Pyongyang:
1772:
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1761:
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1666:. Pyongyang:
1665:
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1040:, p. 97.
1039:
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984:, p. 93.
983:
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749:
742:
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739:Pak Chang-suk
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
719:Jang Chun-sil
716:
712:
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627:popular front
623:
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614:(village) to
613:
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505:Jang Chun-sil
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193:Vice director
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158:Jang Chun-sil
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91:
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73:
69:
65:
61:
54:
49:
44:
40:
36:
30:
25:
19:
2208:Korean Woman
2206:
2201:
2174:Kim Sol-song
2159:Kim Jong-suk
2154:Kang Pan-sok
2110:Pak Chong-ae
2065:Pak Yong-sin
2035:Kim Song-hye
2005:Kim Jong-suk
1990:Jong Song-ok
1940:Choe Son-hui
1865:. Retrieved
1858:
1841:. Retrieved
1834:the original
1824:(3): 46–56.
1821:
1817:
1785:
1769:
1747:
1719:
1691:
1663:
1644:
1615:
1593:
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1570:
1546:
1525:
1501:
1489:
1477:
1465:
1453:. Retrieved
1448:
1439:
1427:
1392:
1385:
1373:
1353:
1346:
1334:
1314:
1307:
1298:
1293:
1281:. Retrieved
1276:
1267:
1255:. Retrieved
1249:
1239:
1230:
1225:
1216:
1196:
1184:. Retrieved
1178:
1144:
1134:
1114:
1107:
1087:
1080:
1045:
1033:
999:
989:
919:
875:
869:
837:
829:
825:
735:Wang Ok-hwan
708:
699:Kim Pyong-il
688:
677:
669:Pak Chong-ae
666:
663:
652:Chairpersons
645:Korean Woman
643:
636:
634:
624:
609:
603:
587:
584:Organization
579:
575:
571:
546:
523:
513:Korean Woman
511:
509:
491:
478:
467:
459:
437:
433:
419:
417:
327:
211:Korean Woman
209:
183:Wang Ok-hwan
109:Headquarters
39:Mount Paekdu
18:
2179:Kim Song-ae
2169:Kim Yo-jong
2130:Yun Gi-jong
2100:Ryu Mi-yong
2080:Ro Song-sil
2075:Ri Yong-suk
2025:Kim Rak-hui
2020:Kim Pok-sin
2015:Kim Kum-sil
1995:Kim Jong-im
1970:Hong Son-ok
1955:Han Pil-hwa
1933:Politicians
1919:Ho Jong-suk
1516:Works cited
1506:Yonhap 2002
1494:Yonhap 2002
1482:Yonhap 2002
1470:Yonhap 2002
1283:25 February
1186:15 December
1073:Yonhap 2002
1050:Yonhap 2002
727:Hong Son-ok
723:Pak Sun-hui
715:Chon Yon-ok
711:Ko Yong-hui
703:Kim Yong-il
691:Kim Sung-ae
561:Kim Il Sung
501:Kim Il Sung
494:Kim Sung-ae
456:North Korea
426::
173:Hong Son-ok
153:Chairperson
142:(2018 est.)
140:Membership
133:North Korea
63:Predecessor
43:Kimilsungia
2270:Categories
2145:Kim family
2090:Ryo Won-gu
2045:O Chun-bok
1867:9 December
1843:9 December
1455:29 January
1432:Hoare 2012
1420:Hoare 2012
1257:7 December
967:Hoare 2012
861:References
684:Choe Kwang
680:Kim Ok-sun
673:Ahn Sin-ho
482:government
429:조선사회주의녀성동맹
336:Chosŏn'gŭl
240:Chosŏn'gŭl
205:Main organ
81:1945-11-18
2184:Ri Sol-ju
1912:Activists
1760:827642144
1732:827642144
1704:827642144
1606:829395170
851:北朝鮮民主女性同盟
474:provinces
121:Pyongyang
71:Formation
1860:Daily NK
1788:. 1987.
1339:Kim 2010
1251:Daily NK
1201:Kim 2010
1026:Kim 2010
946:Kim 2010
928:74273082
745:See also
616:province
597:and for
542:counties
443:조선민주녀성동맹
328:Formerly
45:flowers.
2147:members
1794:2187132
1151:Naenara
640:(조선녀성사)
520:History
466:, from
446:) is a
128:Region
99:Purpose
79: (
1792:
1758:
1730:
1702:
1676:466916
1674:
1651:
1623:
1604:
1554:
1533:
1400:
1361:
1322:
1122:
1095:
1006:
926:
883:
846:hancha
733:, and
538:cities
498:leader
424:Korean
363:Hancha
270:Hancha
37:above
1837:(PDF)
1814:(PDF)
1774:(PDF)
1744:(PDF)
1716:(PDF)
1688:(PDF)
1598:(PDF)
916:(PDF)
817:Notes
540:, 89
452:women
1869:2016
1845:2016
1790:OCLC
1756:OCLC
1728:OCLC
1700:OCLC
1672:OCLC
1649:ISBN
1621:ISBN
1602:OCLC
1552:ISBN
1531:ISBN
1457:2019
1398:ISBN
1359:ISBN
1320:ISBN
1285:2019
1259:2016
1188:2016
1120:ISBN
1093:ISBN
1004:ISBN
924:OCLC
881:ISBN
701:and
450:for
438:KDWU
418:The
89:Type
57:Flag
41:and
2134:WPK
2124:WPK
2114:WPK
2104:CCP
2094:WPK
2084:WPK
2069:WPK
2059:WPK
2049:WPK
2039:WPK
2029:WPK
2009:WPK
1999:WPK
1984:WPK
1974:WPK
1964:WPK
1944:WPK
1923:CPK
1826:doi
1579:doi
454:in
2272::
1857:.
1822:17
1820:.
1816:.
1746:.
1718:.
1690:.
1670:.
1575:52
1573:.
1569:.
1447:.
1412:^
1275:.
1248:.
1208:^
1177:.
1159:^
1149:.
1143:.
1057:^
1018:^
974:^
953:^
936:^
918:.
895:^
848::
830:Or
741:.
729:,
632:.
611:ri
601:.
516:.
507:.
476:.
469:ri
440:;
436:,
380:同盟
377:女性
374:民主
371:朝鮮
353:동맹
350:녀성
347:민주
344:조선
290:同盟
287:女性
284:主義
281:社會
278:朝鮮
260:동맹
257:녀성
254:주의
251:사회
248:조선
119:,
115:,
2136:)
2132:(
2126:)
2122:(
2116:)
2112:(
2106:)
2102:(
2096:)
2092:(
2086:)
2082:(
2071:)
2067:(
2061:)
2057:(
2051:)
2047:(
2041:)
2037:(
2031:)
2027:(
2011:)
2007:(
2001:)
1997:(
1986:)
1982:(
1976:)
1972:(
1966:)
1962:(
1946:)
1942:(
1925:)
1921:(
1899:e
1892:t
1885:v
1871:.
1847:.
1828::
1796:.
1780:.
1762:.
1734:.
1706:.
1678:.
1657:.
1629:.
1608:.
1587:.
1581::
1560:.
1539:.
1459:.
1406:.
1367:.
1328:.
1287:.
1261:.
1190:.
1153:.
1128:.
1101:.
1012:.
930:.
889:.
422:(
83:)
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