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58:
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scheduled for spring 2020. By then Proper Media had become a co-owner of Bardav through acquiring
Barbara Mikkelson's half-interest share, intending to take overall ownership of Snopes for its own "portfolio of media sites". The move failed as David Mikkelson had no intention to sell his share.
446:
published an investigation by reporter Dean
Sterling Jones that showed David Mikkelson had used plagiarized material from different news sources in 54 articles between 2015 and 2019 in an effort to increase website traffic. Mikkelson also published plagiarized material under a pseudonym, "Jeff
459:
story appeared. Mikkelson admitted to committing "multiple serious copyright violations" and apologized for "serious lapses in judgment." He was suspended from editorial duties during the investigation, but remains an officer and stakeholder in the company.
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newsgroup alt.folklore.urban (AFU) where they'd been active. The site grew to encompass a wide range of subjects and became a resource to which
Internet users began submitting pictures and stories of questionable veracity. According to the Mikkelsons,
371:
is a website that seeks to "present all the relevant evidence, assess how strongly each piece supports or opposes a position, and summarize it with an average" in order to "provide voters with reliable information on candidates' policy positions".
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did not rule out the possibility of working with
Facebook in the future but said it needed to "determine with certainty that our efforts to aid any particular platform are a net positive for our online community, publication and staff".
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support. The move prompted Proper Media to stop remitting advertising revenue and to file a lawsuit in May. In late June, Bardav—the company founded by David and
Barbara Mikkelson in 2003 to own and operate
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910:
The most widely known resource for validating or debunking rumors, myths, hoaxes, and urban legends in popular
American culture is the website run by Barbara and David P. Mikkelson at www.snopes.com...
343:
campaign to raise money to continue operations. They raised $ 500,000 in 24 hours. Later, in August, a judge ordered Proper Media to disburse advertising revenues to Bardav while the case was pending.
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assembled a series of fabricated urban folklore tales that it termed "The
Repository of Lost Legends". The name was chosen for its acronym, T.R.O.L.L., a reference to the definition of the word
1767:
575:'s urban legends researcher found a "consistent effort to provide even-handed analyses" and that Snopes' cited sources and numerous reputable analyses of its content confirm its accuracy.
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Mikkelson has said that the site receives more complaints of liberal bias than conservative bias, but added that the same debunking standards are applied to all political urban legends.
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website. It has been described as a "well-regarded reference for sorting out myths and rumors" on the
Internet. The site has also been seen as a source for both validating and
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1997:
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added that the loss of revenue from the partnership meant the company would "have less money to invest in our publication—and we will need to adapt to make up for it".
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By 2010, the site was attracting seven million to eight million unique visitors in an average month. By mid-2014, Barbara had not written for
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385:, a satirical website, rating them "False". The decision resulted in Facebook adding warnings to links to those articles shared on its site.
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472:. Richmond and fellow shareholder Drew Schoentrup together acquired 100% of the company, ending the ownership dispute which began in 2017.
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800:
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started in 2020, many people tried to "educate themselves on the coronavirus" and find "any comfort, certainty, or hope for a cure ".
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became part owners in July 2016 with the purchase of
Barbara Mikkelson's share by the internet media management company Proper Media.
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Snopes aims to debunk or confirm widely spread urban legends. The site has been referenced by news media and other sites, including
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On March 9, 2017, David
Mikkelson terminated the brokering agreement with Proper Media, which was also the company that provided
250:
focused on urban legends, which mainly presented search results of user discussions based at first on their contributions to the
2217:
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said that the entirety of its revenue was derived from advertising. In the same year it received an award of $ 75,000 from the
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1987:
1914:
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2745:
1320:
1031:
3801:
3348:
1948:
1884:
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2277:
1441:
1376:
5076:
4479:
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2720:
506:. By March 2009, the site had more than six million visitors per month. David Mikkelson ran the website from his home in
2484:
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693:
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4547:
1204:
1123:
903:
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concept of fact-checking via search results. David Mikkelson had originally adopted the username "Snopes" (the name of
594:, an organization formed to debunk paranormal claims. In 2017, it raised approximately $ 700,000 from a crowd-sourced
4764:
4377:
2423:
1509:
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5135:
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4432:
3608:
3405:
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2400:
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731:
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649:
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On September 16, 2022, David Mikkelson stepped down as CEO and was succeeded by shareholder and board member
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81:
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abruptly terminated its contract with Managing Editor Brooke Binkowski, with no explanation. By the time
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co-founder and CEO David Mikkelson confirmed the termination to her, the situation was still not clear.
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17:
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4959:
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1988:"The Cofounder Of The Fact-Checking Site Snopes Was Writing Plagiarized Articles Under A Fake Name"
1915:"The Cofounder Of The Fact-Checking Site Snopes Was Writing Plagiarized Articles Under A Fake Name"
5203:
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2329:
1819:
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565:
419:
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790:
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4293:
4209:
3989:
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3185:
3043:
2969:
2775:
2735:
2637:
2145:"Lies, lies and more lies. Out of an old Tacoma house, fact-checking site Snopes uncovers them"
2020:
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1084:
307:'s message board to assist him in running the site. The Mikkelsons divorced around that time.
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4361:
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4254:
4224:
4189:
4115:
3400:
3338:
2921:
2671:
1188:
758:
2357:
1440:
1276:
1253:
694:"Snopes Co-Owners Acquire All Remaining Shares of the Company, Bringing Total Stake to 100%"
4964:
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3710:
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3193:
3095:
3053:
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to launch an internal review of Mikkelson's articles and to retract 60 of them the day the
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8:
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1283:
1053:
524:
In an attempt to demonstrate the perils of over-reliance on the Internet as authority,
507:
502:
490:
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effort and received $ 100,000 from Facebook as a part of a fact-checking partnership.
5170:
4852:
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1956:
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425:
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1019:
From Urban Legends to Political Fact-Checking: Online Scrutiny in America, 1990-2015
635:
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923:
280:
268:
174:
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2084:
1698:"A Christian Satire Site Says Fact-Checkers Are Helping De-Platform Conservatives"
1566:
1311:
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4611:
4447:
4259:
3844:
3741:
3574:
3443:
3216:
3085:
3065:
2998:
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2856:
2780:
1854:"The CEO of fact-checking site Snopes was caught plagiarizing dozens of articles"
1248:
1239:
1023:
888:
641:
381:
331:
323:
1760:"Tacoma-based Snopes, debunker of fake news, is locked in a nasty legal dispute"
5140:
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4073:
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4032:
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3500:
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3259:
3238:
3003:
2916:
2896:
2810:
2715:
2562:
2539:
1949:"Snopes Retracts 60 Articles Plagiarized by Co-Founder: 'Our Staff Are Gutted'"
552:
530:
264:
31:
2267:
57:
5341:
5282:
5240:
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4174:
3761:
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3690:
3618:
3328:
3254:
3038:
3028:
3008:
2956:
2941:
2765:
2725:
2455:"A Message to Our Community Regarding the Facebook Fact-Checking Partnership"
2304:
2272:
1960:
1702:
1670:
1624:"Opinion | Facebook working on approach to classifying satirical news pieces"
1079:
855:
823:
654:
543:
442:
363:
260:
207:
3834:
1885:"Go read this report about a Snopes editor who plagiarized other news sites"
1227:
and snopes, are also two of the most consistent posters of serious research.
1115:
4882:
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4668:
4328:
3660:
3640:
3505:
3484:
3479:
3149:
3140:
3128:
2993:
2795:
2660:
1410:"Is Snopes.com, the original Internet fact-checker, going out of business?"
1348:
989:
763:
560:
397:
214:
389:
added a new rating called "Labeled Satire" to identify satirical stories.
5175:
4655:
4640:
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4199:
4150:
4120:
3873:
3829:
3786:
3353:
3323:
3221:
3102:
3090:
3075:
3033:
3023:
2936:
2891:
2820:
2750:
2740:
609:
announced that it had ended its fact-checking partnership with Facebook.
556:
5302:
4752:
4728:
4459:
4318:
4308:
4271:
4204:
4179:
3726:
3645:
3561:
3539:
3265:
3206:
2886:
2805:
2485:"Snopes says nope to Facebook's money and leaves fact-checking program"
401:
4788:
2392:
2239:
2062:
723:
5297:
5287:
5006:
4697:
4219:
4135:
4110:
4105:
3422:
3333:
3272:
3198:
2926:
2760:
2614:
2604:
2488:
2359:"For Fact Checking Website Snopes, a Bigger Role Brings More Attacks"
2176:
1224:
1196:
624:
publishes a yearly summary detailing expenses and sources of income.
571:
2424:"There are so many coronavirus myths that even Snopes can't keep up"
5322:
5312:
5208:
5037:
3363:
3343:
3289:
2770:
1992:
1442:"Snopes, in Heated Legal Battle, Asks Readers for Money to Survive"
340:
235:
211:
5002:
Media censorship and disinformation during the Gezi Park protests
4867:
4738:
4157:
4130:
4068:
3925:
3232:
3134:
2698:
2531:
535:
2629:
985:"Inside Snopes: the rise, fall, and rebirth of an internet icon"
953:
890:
American Carnival: Journalism Under Siege in an Age of New Media
2815:
1820:"The Coronavirus Collection: Snopes Fact Checks About COVID-19"
1157:
496:
251:
665: – Widespread deliberate fabrication presented as truthes
48:
5101:
2057:
1377:"Fact-Checker Snopes' Owners Accused of Corporate Subterfuge"
1189:"Usenet Communities and the Cultural Politics of Information"
563:, and found them to be free from bias in all cases. In 2012,
485:
367:, and is "hard at work modernizing its extensive archives".
4214:
2197:
How do I know the information you've presented is accurate?
2177:"Urban Legends Reference Pages: Frequently Asked Questions"
1537:"Snopes fired its managing editor and she doesn't know why"
662:
435:
186:
2519:
1657:"Satire or Deceit? Christian Humor Site Feuds With Snopes"
2300:"Fact-checking the fact-checkers: Snopes.com gets an 'A'"
2025:
1593:"Why It's So Hard to Find Out Where the Candidates Stand"
1473:"Snopes Meets $ 500K Crowdfunding Goal Amid Legal Battle"
856:"Corporations Combat Insistent Urban Legends on Internet"
795:
481:
2325:"Fact Check: So who's checking the fact-finders? We are"
110:
983:
Tattoli, Chantel; Jones, Dean Sterling (June 6, 2023).
538:
intended to be deliberately provocative or incendiary.
413:
1510:"Snopes and the Search for Facts in a Post-Fact World"
1016:
Aspray, William; Cortada, James W. (August 12, 2019).
279:
In 2002, the site had become known well enough that a
234:
In 1994, David and Barbara Mikkelson created an urban
4399:
After Truth: Disinformation and the Cost of Fake News
4031:
2085:"Urban Legends Reference Pages: Who Is Barack Obama?"
432:
has around 237 COVID-related fact-checking articles.
192:
183:
180:
5268:
Countering Foreign Propaganda and Disinformation Act
4596:
631:
602:
also offers a premium membership that disables ads.
291:
as host. However, it did not air on major networks.
189:
2453:Green, Vinny; Mikkelson, David (February 1, 2019).
177:
4371:Dezinformatsia: Active Measures in Soviet Strategy
2021:"Hear the rumor? Nostradamus and other tall tales"
1310:
1083:
887:
4923:Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
4475:Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
2210:"Urban Legends Reference Pages: Round Rock Gangs"
1847:
1845:
5339:
4818:Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos
824:"Companies Find Rumors Hard to Kill on Internet"
924:"Triangulation 343 David Mikkelson, Snopes.com"
2452:
2387:
2385:
2112:"Rumor Detectives: True Story or Online Hoax?"
1842:
303:"in several years" and David hired users from
5131:Election denial movement in the United States
4017:
2645:
2547:
2240:"Urban Legends Reference Pages: Lost Legends"
1015:
2262:
2260:
982:
4351:
2382:
1648:
1153:"Web site separates fact from urban legend"
791:"Snopes.com: Debunking Myths in Cyberspace"
551:'s responses to political rumors regarding
361:announced that it had acquired the website
4803:COVID-19 misinformation in the Philippines
4024:
4010:
2652:
2638:
2554:
2540:
2524:
2355:
894:. University of California Press. p.
2257:
1695:
1368:
1182:
1180:
1072:
283:by writer-director Michael Levine called
5156:Mohamed Atta's alleged Prague connection
1986:Jones, Dean Sterling (August 13, 2021).
1689:
1341:
1223:The two most notorious trollers in AFU,
1146:
1144:
436:Plagiarism by co-founder David Mikkelson
30:For the novels by William Faulkner, see
5348:Internet properties established in 1995
4955:Russian Institute for Strategic Studies
3792:Legends and myths regarding the Titanic
2356:Streitfeld, David (December 25, 2016).
2142:
2109:
1942:
1940:
1654:
1274:
1078:
821:
803:from the original on September 11, 2005
753:
751:
749:
704:from the original on September 23, 2022
688:
686:
684:
14:
5340:
5082:Attempts to overturn the 2020 election
4873:Soviet influence on the peace movement
4470:Misinformation in the Israel–Hamas war
2495:from the original on February 24, 2021
2370:from the original on December 28, 2016
2018:
1946:
1730:"Let's Make Fact-Checking Even Better"
1621:
1590:
1489:from the original on December 22, 2017
1438:
1186:
1177:
771:from the original on December 17, 2016
463:
5229:
4807:ChinaAngVirus disinformation campaign
4595:
4508:
4416:
4350:
4047:
4005:
2633:
2535:
2477:
2446:
2421:
2415:
2403:from the original on October 31, 2021
2322:
2316:
2292:
2232:
2202:
2187:from the original on October 31, 2021
2169:
2157:from the original on November 6, 2018
2136:
2103:
2077:
2045:
2012:
1985:
1979:
1907:
1882:
1876:
1851:
1830:from the original on January 15, 2022
1812:
1800:from the original on January 15, 2022
1782:
1752:
1722:
1615:
1584:
1559:
1529:
1508:Dean, Michelle (September 20, 2017).
1501:
1465:
1432:
1407:
1401:
1374:
1342:Madrigal, Alexis C. (July 24, 2017).
1335:
1323:from the original on October 13, 2017
1303:
1268:
1238:
1232:
1141:
1126:from the original on October 31, 2021
1108:
1009:
976:
885:
734:from the original on October 31, 2021
396:was embroiled in legal disputes with
3802:Time travel claims and urban legends
2842:Angikuni's disappeared Inuit village
2323:Fader, Carole (September 28, 2012).
2280:from the original on January 4, 2022
2053:"Urban Legends Banned-April Fools'!"
2033:from the original on August 25, 2004
2000:from the original on August 13, 2021
1967:from the original on August 14, 2021
1937:
1925:from the original on August 13, 2021
1895:from the original on August 13, 2021
1864:from the original on August 13, 2021
1770:from the original on August 27, 2021
1710:from the original on August 13, 2019
1677:from the original on August 13, 2019
1547:from the original on August 13, 2021
1507:
1278:"Debunkers of Fictions Sift the Net"
1150:
1085:"Debunkers of Fictions Sift the Net"
946:
879:
847:
815:
783:
746:
716:
681:
414:COVID-19 pandemic and misinformation
5077:1995 CIA disinformation controversy
4287:State-sponsored Internet propaganda
2721:The babysitter and the man upstairs
2434:from the original on April 23, 2020
2349:
1947:Murphy, Heather (August 13, 2021).
1603:from the original on April 13, 2019
1344:"Snopes Faces an Ugly Legal Battle"
1165:from the original on August 5, 2018
1096:from the original on April 22, 2023
934:from the original on April 26, 2018
379:fact-checked several articles from
265:a family of often unpleasant people
24:
4548:Misinformation related to abortion
2561:
2337:from the original on July 15, 2016
2220:from the original on April 4, 2022
2143:Lacitis, Erik (October 10, 2018).
1852:Lyons, Ron Jr. (August 13, 2021).
1790:"Snopes on COVID-19 Fact-Checking"
1740:from the original on June 15, 2021
1636:from the original on July 31, 2019
1453:from the original on July 25, 2017
1420:from the original on July 27, 2017
1389:from the original on June 21, 2018
1291:from the original on April 6, 2010
1213:from the original on July 16, 2023
1040:from the original on July 16, 2023
916:
866:from the original on June 12, 2018
834:from the original on June 12, 2018
822:Allison, Melissa (March 4, 2007).
592:James Randi Educational Foundation
287:was completed with American actor
25:
5379:
5363:1995 establishments in California
4765:Voluntary Agency Network of Korea
4378:The KGB and Soviet Disinformation
2659:
2511:
1696:Broderick, Ryan (July 31, 2019).
1655:Chokshi, Niraj (August 3, 2019).
1591:Potash, Eric (November 4, 2016).
1356:from the original on May 12, 2019
997:from the original on June 3, 2023
964:from the original on June 3, 2023
5318:United States Information Agency
4597:Operations and events by country
3984:
3983:
2897:Black children as alligator bait
2308:. April 13, 2009. Archived from
2019:Nissen, Beth (October 3, 2001).
1439:Victor, Daniel (July 24, 2017).
1275:Stelter, Brian (April 4, 2010).
1151:Bond, Paul (September 7, 2002).
634:
173:
56:
47:
4918:Information war against Ukraine
4465:International Jewish conspiracy
4433:Congo Free State propaganda war
3609:University of Cambridge legends
3406:Lampshades made from human skin
2422:Izadi, Elahe (April 15, 2020).
2061:. April 1, 2007. Archived from
1567:"Snopes Acquires On The Issues"
759:"How the Truth Set Snopes Free"
5230:
5146:Information Operations Roadmap
5056:Psychological Warfare Division
4626:Chinese information operations
4575:Water fluoridation controversy
3867:Beyond Belief: Fact or Fiction
3465:Legends of Catherine the Great
2902:Black Dog of the Hanging Hills
1883:Lyons, Kim (August 13, 2021).
1622:Wemple, Erik (March 5, 2018).
1375:Bruno, Bianca (May 10, 2017).
1312:"Snopes.com Audience Insights"
1026:(published 2019). p. 24.
650:List of fact-checking websites
13:
1:
5253:Active Measures Working Group
4911:during the Russo-Georgian War
4878:U.S. Army Field Manual 30-31B
2110:Hochman, David (March 2009).
1408:Farhi, Paul (July 24, 2017).
674:
669:List of common misconceptions
657: – Fact-checking website
519:Urban Legends Reference Pages
203:Urban Legends Reference Pages
150:Urban Legends Reference Pages
5136:The Freedom Fighter's Manual
4813:Fake news in the Philippines
4417:
4185:Fear, uncertainty, and doubt
3971:Lists of legendary creatures
3557:The Dark Side of the Rainbow
3411:Soap made from human corpses
3014:Lincoln–Kennedy coincidences
2791:Litter boxes in schools hoax
2756:The Dark Side of the Rainbow
1116:"Frequently Asked Questions"
475:
7:
5263:Counter Misinformation Team
5258:Counter disinformation unit
4708:Myth of the clean Wehrmacht
4195:Forgery as covert operation
2786:Lighthouse and naval vessel
2268:"Ask FactCheck: Snopes.com"
627:
513:Mikkelson has stressed the
238:web site that would become
139:; 30 years ago
10:
5384:
5273:The Disinformation Project
4703:Propaganda in Nazi Germany
4059:Algorithmic radicalization
3966:Lists of fictional species
3630:Man Proposes, God Disposes
3418:Lone gunner of Flesquières
3066:Sightings of Elvis Presley
1858:Business Insider Australia
1244:"Where Urban Legends Fall"
581:
417:
224:
29:
5236:
5225:
5196:
5190:Bolivarian Army of Trolls
5184:
5166:Tobacco industry playbook
5097:CIA Kennedy assassination
5069:
5015:
4989:
4977:
4891:
4838:
4826:
4795:
4783:
4771:
4759:
4747:
4716:
4690:
4678:
4618:
4606:
4602:
4591:
4423:
4412:
4357:
4346:
4230:Manipulation (psychology)
4054:
4048:
4043:
3979:
3948:
3897:
3858:
3815:
3807:Urban legends about drugs
3779:
3754:
3719:
3706:
3699:
3673:
3596:
3530:
3523:
3493:
3457:
3431:
3393:
3372:
3312:
3303:
3282:
3184:
3159:
3124:
3115:
2870:
2834:
2694:
2687:
2680:
2667:
2600:
2593:
2576:
2569:
200:), formerly known as the
156:
133:
125:
117:
105:
95:
74:
64:
55:
46:
5278:East StratCom Task Force
5092:9/11 conspiracy theories
4089:List of cognitive biases
3797:McDonald's urban legends
3449:Zegrze Reservoir Monster
3207:Hanako-san of the Toilet
408:
294:
274:
229:
219:American popular culture
5204:Public opinion brigades
5161:Niger uranium forgeries
5151:Litter boxes in schools
4521:COVID-19 misinformation
4443:Free energy suppression
4352:Books and documentaries
4126:Euphemistic misspeaking
3580:Strategic steam reserve
3535:999 phone charging myth
3049:Philadelphia Experiment
2330:The Florida Times-Union
566:The Florida Times-Union
420:COVID-19 misinformation
217:and similar stories in
129:Required only on forums
5368:Fact-checking websites
4950:2016 Brexit referendum
4299:Scientific fabrication
4210:Historical negationism
3570:Phantom social workers
3475:Hitler's pet alligator
3242:("Slit-Mouthed Woman")
3044:Phantom social workers
2776:Killer in the backseat
1187:Porter, David (2013).
534:, meaning an internet
5246:Fact-checking website
5051:Operation Mass Appeal
5033:Clockwork Orange plot
4543:Mental illness denial
4438:Climate change denial
4255:Psychological warfare
4225:Internet manipulation
4190:Firehose of falsehood
4116:Disinformation attack
3401:German Corpse Factory
3339:Konstantinos Koukidis
2922:Brown Mountain lights
1826:. February 28, 2020.
1022:. Cham, Switzerland:
605:On February 1, 2019,
547:reviewed a sample of
285:Snopes: Urban Legends
27:Fact-checking website
4385:Who's Who in the CIA
3956:List of creepypastas
3905:_9MOTHER9HORSE9EYES9
3711:Bass Strait Triangle
3681:Elephants' graveyard
3470:Lenin was a mushroom
3385:Vanishing Hotel Room
3194:Curse of the Colonel
3019:Lost Dutchman's Mine
2988:The Hands Resist Him
2847:Oak Island money pit
2826:Vanishing hitchhiker
2711:2016 clown sightings
2491:. February 1, 2019.
886:Henry, Neil (2007).
767:. October 19, 2016.
517:portion of the name
440:On August 13, 2021,
309:Christopher Richmond
5353:Webby Award winners
5087:Conspiracy theories
5028:Double-Cross System
4997:Conspiracy theories
4858:Operation INFEKTION
4646:Internet Water Army
4500:Strategy of tension
4365:by Ion Mihai Pacepa
4250:Post-truth politics
3825:Jan Harold Brunvand
3732:Flora and Fauna Act
3458:Soviet Union/Russia
3172:Monkey-man of Delhi
3081:Seven Gates of Hell
2907:Black-eyed children
2862:Thetis Lake Monster
2704:White lighter curse
2428:The Washington Post
2065:on October 13, 2013
1736:. August 16, 2019.
1629:The Washington Post
1414:The Washington Post
799:. August 27, 2005.
464:Change of ownership
248:online encyclopedia
157:Current status
43:
4983:HIV/AIDS denialism
4960:Trolls from Olgino
4734:Paid news in India
4724:Fake news in India
4538:HIV/AIDS denialism
4392:Merchants of Doubt
4265:Military deception
4240:Media manipulation
4079:Circular reporting
3656:Spring-heeled Jack
3651:Ratman of Southend
3619:Isaac Newton's dog
3614:Croydon Cat Killer
3250:("Wriggling Body")
2980:Lake Worth Monster
2970:Maryland's Goatman
2364:The New York Times
2276:. April 10, 2009.
1953:The New York Times
1796:. March 21, 2020.
1662:The New York Times
1597:Washington Monthly
1447:The New York Times
1284:The New York Times
1256:on August 12, 2004
1136:What are 'snopes'?
1090:The New York Times
508:Tacoma, Washington
503:The New York Times
447:Zarronandia". The
375:In 2018 and 2019,
101:David P. Mikkelson
39:
5335:
5334:
5331:
5330:
5221:
5220:
5217:
5216:
5171:Operation Shocker
4973:
4972:
4853:K-1000 battleship
4684:Operation Neptune
4587:
4586:
4583:
4582:
4408:
4407:
4342:
4341:
4334:Yellow journalism
4282:counterpropaganda
4163:List of fallacies
4096:Conspiracy theory
4064:Alternative facts
3999:
3998:
3775:
3774:
3750:
3749:
3669:
3668:
3624:Manchester Pusher
3519:
3518:
3439:Kraina Grzybów TV
3180:
3179:
3167:Indian rope trick
3111:
3110:
2975:Pope Lick Monster
2627:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2594:Online properties
2589:
2588:
2465:on April 26, 2019
2216:. July 21, 2011.
2150:The Seattle Times
2124:on March 18, 2009
2091:. August 24, 2008
1764:The Seattle Times
1543:. July 31, 2018.
1541:Poynter Institute
1485:. July 25, 2017.
1242:(July 21, 2004).
1082:(April 4, 2010).
1033:978-3-030-22951-1
862:. March 4, 2007.
828:Herald and Review
451:inquiry prompted
426:COVID-19 pandemic
164:
163:
99:Barbara Mikkelson
16:(Redirected from
5375:
5227:
5226:
5046:MMR autism fraud
4929:On US elections
4863:Operation Toucan
4836:
4835:
4604:
4603:
4593:
4592:
4558:anti-vaccination
4506:
4505:
4453:Holocaust denial
4428:Bermuda Triangle
4414:
4413:
4348:
4347:
4277:black propaganda
4245:Potemkin village
4170:False accusation
4146:list of websites
4045:
4044:
4026:
4019:
4012:
4003:
4002:
3987:
3986:
3961:List of cryptids
3767:Treasure of Lima
3704:
3703:
3604:British big cats
3528:
3527:
3318:And yet it moves
3310:
3309:
3295:Yamashita's gold
3227:Kisaragi Station
3122:
3121:
3086:Sewer alligators
3071:Richmond Vampire
2965:Goatman's Bridge
2947:Choking Doberman
2912:Blue star tattoo
2852:Screaming Tunnel
2746:Coghlan's coffin
2731:Bermuda Triangle
2692:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2654:
2647:
2640:
2631:
2630:
2598:
2597:
2574:
2573:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2523:
2522:
2520:Official website
2505:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2461:. Archived from
2450:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2389:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2361:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2312:on July 7, 2014.
2296:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2264:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2194:
2192:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2120:. Archived from
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2016:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2005:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1944:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1849:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1766:. June 4, 2019.
1756:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1483:Associated Press
1469:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1444:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1314:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1280:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1252:. Archived from
1236:
1230:
1229:
1220:
1218:
1193:Internet Culture
1184:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1148:
1139:
1138:
1133:
1131:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1087:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1063:
1059:
1057:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1013:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1002:
980:
974:
973:
971:
969:
950:
944:
943:
941:
939:
920:
914:
913:
893:
883:
877:
875:
873:
871:
851:
845:
843:
841:
839:
819:
813:
812:
810:
808:
787:
781:
780:
778:
776:
755:
744:
743:
741:
739:
720:
714:
713:
711:
709:
690:
644:
639:
638:
281:television pilot
269:William Faulkner
267:in the works of
199:
198:
195:
194:
191:
188:
185:
182:
179:
147:
145:
140:
113:
60:
51:
44:
38:
21:
5383:
5382:
5378:
5377:
5376:
5374:
5373:
5372:
5338:
5337:
5336:
5327:
5232:
5213:
5192:
5180:
5065:
5061:Zinoviev letter
5011:
4985:
4969:
4893:Post-Soviet era
4887:
4848:Active Measures
4831:
4822:
4791:
4779:
4767:
4755:
4743:
4712:
4686:
4674:
4614:
4612:Jihadunspun.com
4598:
4579:
4504:
4480:New World Order
4448:Genocide denial
4419:
4404:
4353:
4338:
4260:Memetic warfare
4050:
4039:
4030:
4000:
3995:
3975:
3944:
3919:No Through Road
3893:
3854:
3845:Patricia Turner
3817:
3811:
3771:
3746:
3742:Poinciana Woman
3715:
3695:
3665:
3636:Mistletoe bough
3592:
3575:The Spider Bite
3515:
3489:
3453:
3444:Nazi gold train
3427:
3389:
3368:
3305:
3299:
3278:
3217:Inunaki Village
3176:
3155:
3117:
3116:Continental and
3107:
2999:JATO Rocket Car
2932:Charlie No-Face
2872:
2866:
2857:St. Louis light
2830:
2781:The Licked Hand
2676:
2663:
2658:
2628:
2619:
2585:
2565:
2560:
2518:
2517:
2514:
2509:
2508:
2498:
2496:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2468:
2466:
2451:
2447:
2437:
2435:
2420:
2416:
2406:
2404:
2391:
2390:
2383:
2373:
2371:
2354:
2350:
2340:
2338:
2321:
2317:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2283:
2281:
2266:
2265:
2258:
2248:
2246:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2223:
2221:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2190:
2188:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2160:
2158:
2141:
2137:
2127:
2125:
2117:Reader's Digest
2108:
2104:
2094:
2092:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2068:
2066:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2036:
2034:
2017:
2013:
2003:
2001:
1984:
1980:
1970:
1968:
1945:
1938:
1928:
1926:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1898:
1896:
1881:
1877:
1867:
1865:
1850:
1843:
1833:
1831:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1803:
1801:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1773:
1771:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1743:
1741:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1713:
1711:
1694:
1690:
1680:
1678:
1653:
1649:
1639:
1637:
1620:
1616:
1606:
1604:
1589:
1585:
1575:
1573:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1550:
1548:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1520:
1518:
1506:
1502:
1492:
1490:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1456:
1454:
1437:
1433:
1423:
1421:
1406:
1402:
1392:
1390:
1382:Courthouse News
1373:
1369:
1359:
1357:
1340:
1336:
1326:
1324:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1294:
1292:
1273:
1269:
1259:
1257:
1249:National Review
1237:
1233:
1216:
1214:
1207:
1185:
1178:
1168:
1166:
1149:
1142:
1129:
1127:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1099:
1097:
1077:
1073:
1061:
1060:
1051:
1050:
1043:
1041:
1034:
1024:Springer Nature
1014:
1010:
1000:
998:
981:
977:
967:
965:
952:
951:
947:
937:
935:
922:
921:
917:
906:
884:
880:
869:
867:
854:
852:
848:
837:
835:
820:
816:
806:
804:
789:
788:
784:
774:
772:
757:
756:
747:
737:
735:
722:
721:
717:
707:
705:
692:
691:
682:
677:
642:Internet portal
640:
633:
630:
584:
478:
466:
438:
422:
416:
411:
382:The Babylon Bee
364:OnTheIssues.org
357:In early 2019,
324:web development
313:Drew Schoentrup
297:
277:
232:
227:
176:
172:
143:
141:
138:
109:
100:
96:Created by
91:
87:Drew Schoentrup
70:Reference pages
67:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5381:
5371:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5333:
5332:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5249:
5248:
5237:
5234:
5233:
5223:
5222:
5219:
5218:
5215:
5214:
5212:
5211:
5206:
5200:
5198:
5194:
5193:
5188:
5186:
5182:
5181:
5179:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5141:Habbush letter
5138:
5133:
5128:
5127:
5126:
5116:
5111:
5110:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5084:
5079:
5073:
5071:
5067:
5066:
5064:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5023:Bell Pottinger
5019:
5017:
5016:United Kingdom
5013:
5012:
5010:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4993:
4991:
4987:
4986:
4981:
4979:
4975:
4974:
4971:
4970:
4968:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4946:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4927:
4926:
4925:
4915:
4914:
4913:
4908:
4897:
4895:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4844:
4842:
4833:
4824:
4823:
4821:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4799:
4797:
4793:
4792:
4787:
4785:
4781:
4780:
4775:
4773:
4769:
4768:
4763:
4761:
4757:
4756:
4751:
4749:
4745:
4744:
4742:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4720:
4718:
4714:
4713:
4711:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4694:
4692:
4688:
4687:
4682:
4680:
4679:Czechoslovakia
4676:
4675:
4673:
4672:
4665:
4660:
4659:
4658:
4653:
4651:PLA Unit 61398
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4622:
4620:
4616:
4615:
4610:
4608:
4600:
4599:
4589:
4588:
4585:
4584:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4577:
4572:
4571:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4529:
4528:
4526:by governments
4518:
4512:
4510:
4503:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4456:
4455:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4424:
4421:
4420:
4410:
4409:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4395:
4388:
4381:
4374:
4367:
4363:Disinformation
4358:
4355:
4354:
4344:
4343:
4340:
4339:
4337:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4290:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4269:
4268:
4267:
4262:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4166:
4165:
4155:
4154:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4093:
4092:
4091:
4084:Cognitive bias
4081:
4076:
4074:Cherry picking
4071:
4066:
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4037:misinformation
4033:Disinformation
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3932:SCP Foundation
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3840:Gary Alan Fine
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3780:Topic articles
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3551:The Crying Boy
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3524:United Kingdom
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3501:Castilian lisp
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3380:Angels of Mons
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3260:Red Room Curse
3257:
3252:
3244:
3240:Kuchisake-onna
3236:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3212:Headless Rider
3209:
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3054:Poisoned candy
3051:
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2811:The Spooklight
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2801:Momo Challenge
2798:
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2716:The Baby-Roast
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2581:Chris Richmond
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2563:Sovrn Holdings
2559:
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2512:External links
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1206:978-1135209049
1205:
1199:. p. 48.
1176:
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1080:Stelter, Brian
1071:
1062:|website=
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905:978-0520243422
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853:Same article:
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569:reported that
553:George W. Bush
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470:Chris Richmond
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418:Main article:
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346:In July 2018,
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32:Snopes trilogy
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5283:FactCheck.org
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4235:Media culture
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4175:False dilemma
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3940:(film series)
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3881:Urban Legends
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3762:James Bartley
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3755:South America
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3737:Mahogany Ship
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3691:Madam Koi Koi
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3511:Santa Compaña
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3329:Ghost of Kyiv
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3290:Biringan City
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3255:Lavender Town
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3123:
3120:
3118:mainland Asia
3114:
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3101:
3097:
3096:2014 stabbing
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3039:Night Doctors
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3009:Kennedy curse
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
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2978:
2976:
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2957:Rudolph Fentz
2955:
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2942:Chimera House
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2766:Gasoline pill
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2747:
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2742:
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2737:
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2727:
2726:The Backrooms
2724:
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2714:
2712:
2709:
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2697:
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2688:North America
2686:
2683:
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2666:
2662:
2661:Urban legends
2655:
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2393:"Disclosures"
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2365:
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2326:
2319:
2311:
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2305:Network World
2301:
2295:
2279:
2275:
2274:
2273:FactCheck.org
2269:
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2235:
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4495:Rothschilds
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4200:Gaslighting
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4121:Doublespeak
3874:MythBusters
3830:Hoax Slayer
3359:Silverpilen
3354:Red mercury
3324:Black Volga
3304:Continental
3283:Philippines
3222:John Zegrus
3103:Tourist guy
3091:Slender Man
3076:Ronald Opus
3034:Midgetville
3024:Melon heads
3004:Kay's Cross
2937:Chase Vault
2892:Ben Drowned
2821:Frank Tower
2806:Snuff films
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2741:Candle Cove
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2284:November 4,
2161:November 6,
2095:January 22,
1834:January 15,
1804:January 15,
1457:January 19,
1424:January 19,
1327:January 19,
1260:February 7,
860:The Courier
557:Sarah Palin
369:OnTheIssues
339:—started a
332:advertising
5358:Skepticism
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5231:Opposition
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4906:on Estonia
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675:References
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4100:list
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3562:HMS
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