284:, in 1885. A machinist, he worked as foreman of the Miners Sampling Works. Later, he was superintendent of the American Sisters Mine, a company in which he owned stock. American Sisters Mine was a consolidation of Two Sisters Mine and Native American Mine, silver mines located on Columbia Mountain in upper Clear Creek County, Colorado. In 1891–1892, John Bowman and his wife Lavinia Potts Bowman (1848–1901) built what later became known as the Bowman/White House in Georgetown (a historical site today). There they raised two daughters, Iorria and Mary Ellen ("Mellie"). In 1899, Iorria married J.E. Carnal and moved to Ohio.
322:, was not discovered until 1874. Leadville was the largest silver-producing district in Colorado. Cumulative production through 1963 was 240 million troy ounces (16 million pounds; 7.5 million kilograms) of silver, three million troy ounces (210 thousand pounds; 93 thousand kilograms) of gold, 987 million tonnes (2.2 trillion pounds; 987 billion kilograms) of lead, 712 million tonnes (1.6 trillion pounds; 712 billion kilograms) of zinc, and 48 million tonnes (110 billion pounds; 48 billion kilograms) of copper.
301:
49:
331:
74:
92:
164:
128:
56:
146:
200:
182:
110:
291:
Mellie's husband, John James White Sr., bought the remaining stock of what was now called the Two
American Sisters Mine. He managed the construction of a dam and power plant north of Georgetown and built a new shaft house and mill at the mine site. White, an attorney, practiced law, served as the
239:
district a short time after gold was discovered there in 1859. However, mining the silver veins was delayed for the most part until smelters were built in the late 1860s. The veins of the district are zoned in a roughly concentric manner, with gold-bearing pyrite veins in the center, and
287:
For the most part, Mellie (1876–1969) stayed in the family home after she married John James ("J.J.") White (1870–1932) in 1901. She inherited half of her father's share in the
American Sisters Mine and served on the Georgetown Library Association from 1911 to 1922.
416:
were installed in 1905 to separate out the zinc minerals, turning the problem into an asset. The mining operations transitioned increasingly to zinc, although the Eagle Mine was still the leading producer of silver in the state in 1930. The
292:
Police Judge and Mayor of
Georgetown from 1900 to 1902, and was President of the Georgetown school board. The Bowman-White House still remains and is registered as a historical site in Georgetown, Colorado.
380:. Early production was almost all silver, but after 1900, lead and zinc became economically important. Major mining operations continued until 1952. Total production was 101 million troy ounces of
509:. Production through 1983 totaled 80 million troy ounces (2,500 metric tons) of silver, 150 thousand troy ounces (4.7 metric tons) of gold, and considerable lead and zinc.
473:
was discovered in 1887 but did not become a significant silver producer until 1891. The ore occurs as veins along north–south trending faults, and as replacement bodies in the
264:
The discovery of silver in the
Montezuma district led to the silver discovery at the Belmont lode in the Argentine district just northeast of the Montezuma district.
365:
717:
48:
727:
276:
in 1859. Silver, the main product from the district, was not discovered until 1864. John Henry Bowman (1850–1900) came to
522:
536:
457:. Zinc production resumed in 1941 and remained the principal product of the mines until they were closed in the 1980s.
570:
217:
421:
entered Gilman in 1912, and over a period of years purchased all the principal mines and the entire townsite.
408:
ores were reached, the miners found that the ore contained so much zinc that the smelters refused to buy it. A
351:
722:
682:
Mineralogy and fluid inclusion study of the southern
Amethyst vein system, Creede mining district, Colorado
712:
575:
526:
313:
63:
652:
Geology and ore deposits of the Gilman (Red Cliff, Battle
Mountain) district, Eagle County, Colorado
470:
560:
555:
418:
362:
236:
437:
ores. Production of the district through 1964 was 64 million troy ounces (1,990 metric tons) of
277:
232:
81:
354:
reached the town in 1887 and provided economic shipment of ore to smelters. Ore occurs in the
409:
253:
308:
a pair of prospectors, and their silver discovery at
Leadville turned him into a millionaire
300:
281:
273:
99:
8:
413:
358:
347:
339:
319:
249:
171:
135:
607:
Bowman/White Family Papers, WH32, Western
History Collection, The Denver Public Library.
355:
153:
530:
474:
466:
401:
252:
in 1864. The discovery led to others in the
Montezuma district, including those at
207:
189:
350:. They found silver ore on Aspen Mountain, but ore production was small until the
343:
117:
540:). In 2006, the mine produced 4.0 metric tons (130,000 troy ounces) of silver.
450:
385:
305:
706:
565:
550:
498:
377:
506:
248:
The first silver discovery in
Colorado was one mile (1.6 km) south of
318:
Despite the early silver discoveries, Colorado's largest silver district,
330:
486:
373:
494:
658:, v.1, New York: American Institute of Mining Engineers, p.641-664.
518:
478:
23:
18:
405:
502:
490:
454:
438:
434:
430:
381:
369:
240:
silver-bearing galena veins more common in the outlying areas.
31:
641:, Denver: Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists, p.451-455.
624:, New York: American Institute of Mining Engineers, p.681-705
39:
482:
446:
442:
426:
422:
389:
671:, Colorado Geological Survey, Resource Series 28, p.70-73.
639:
Exploration Frontiers of the Central and Southern Rockies
42:, however, actually produces the most silver in the US.)
598:, US Geological Survey, Professional Paper 223, p.123.
226:
596:
Geology and Ore Deposits of the Front Range Colorado
267:
525:, a large open-pit heap leach operation owned by
704:
346:area by geological maps that showed outcrops of
425:was the economic mainstay until 1931, when low
404:mining district in 1878 or 1879. As the deeper
667:Mark W. Davis and Randall K. Streufert (1990)
429:prices forced the company to switch to mining
22:has taken place since the 1860s. In the past,
656:Ore Deposits in the United States 1933/1967
622:Ore Deposits of the United States 1933–1967
338:In 1879, prospectors searching for another
272:Prospectors found gold veins near present
680:Richard W. Robinson and David J. Norman,
684:, Economic Geology, May 1984, p.439-447.
594:T. S. Lovering and E. N. Goddard (1950)
521:is as a byproduct of gold mining at the
517:The largest current source of silver in
441:, 348,000 ounces (10.82 metric tons) of
329:
299:
334:Silver mines at Aspen, circa 1898–1905.
705:
697:, Mining Engineering, May 2007, p.76.
512:
295:
259:
243:
523:Cripple Creek & Victor Gold Mine
361:and the lower part of the overlying
231:Silver veins were discovered in the
73:
227:Central City-Idaho Springs district
13:
718:Silver mining in the United States
571:Silver mining in the United States
460:
395:
91:
14:
739:
650:R.E. Radabaugh and others (1968)
325:
221:Silver-mining centers in Colorado
163:
127:
55:
268:Georgetown-Silver Plume district
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162:
144:
126:
108:
90:
72:
54:
47:
145:
728:Geology of the Rocky Mountains
687:
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661:
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627:
610:
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588:
352:Denver and Rio Grande Railroad
199:
181:
1:
537:Cripple Creek mining district
400:Silver was discovered in the
109:
669:Gold Occurrences of Colorado
618:Leadville District, Colorado
453:, and 92,000 metric tons of
7:
543:
10:
744:
576:Uranium mining in Colorado
527:Newmont Mining Corporation
311:
449:, 114,000 metric tons of
445:, 578,000 metric tons of
314:Leadville mining district
280:, in 1883, then moved to
582:
304:Shopkeeper Horace Tabor
561:Gold mining in Colorado
556:Coal mining in Colorado
419:New Jersey Zinc Company
368:. Ore minerals include
335:
309:
278:Silver Plume, Colorado
34:also calls itself the
388:, and 11,000 tons of
333:
312:Further information:
303:
723:Colorado Mining Boom
693:Burnell and others,
633:Bruce Bryant (1977)
282:Georgetown, Colorado
218:class=notpageimage|
616:Ogden Tweto (1968)
485:. Ore minerals are
359:Leadville Limestone
348:Leadville Limestone
713:Mining in Colorado
513:Current production
414:magnetic separator
336:
310:
296:Leadville district
260:Argentine district
244:Montezuma district
26:called itself the
17:Silver mining in
735:
698:
691:
685:
678:
672:
665:
659:
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631:
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531:Victor, Colorado
475:Creede Formation
366:Belden Formation
342:were led to the
210:
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635:Mining at Aspen
632:
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463:
461:Creede district
398:
396:Gilman district
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563:
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471:Mineral County
462:
459:
397:
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384:, 294 tons of
327:
326:Aspen district
324:
297:
294:
269:
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61:
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53:
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44:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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729:
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724:
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566:Silver mining
564:
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551:Champion Mill
549:
548:
541:
539:
538:
532:
528:
524:
520:
510:
508:
504:
500:
499:native silver
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
458:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
415:
411:
407:
403:
393:
391:
387:
383:
379:
378:native silver
375:
371:
367:
364:
363:Pennsylvanian
360:
357:
356:Mississippian
353:
349:
345:
341:
332:
323:
321:
315:
307:
302:
293:
289:
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279:
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265:
257:
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251:
241:
238:
237:Idaho Springs
234:
219:
209:
191:
173:
155:
137:
119:
101:
83:
65:
50:
43:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
20:
694:
689:
681:
676:
668:
663:
655:
651:
646:
638:
634:
629:
621:
617:
612:
603:
595:
590:
534:
516:
507:chalcopyrite
469:district in
464:
399:
337:
317:
290:
286:
271:
263:
247:
233:Central City
230:
82:Silver Cliff
36:Silver State
35:
28:Silver State
27:
16:
15:
254:Saints John
707:Categories
487:sphalerite
374:sphalerite
306:grubstaked
274:Georgetown
100:Georgetown
495:acanthite
481:ash-flow
340:Leadville
320:Leadville
250:Montezuma
172:Montezuma
136:Silverton
64:Leadville
695:Colorado
544:See also
519:Colorado
479:Tertiary
24:Colorado
19:Colorado
410:roaster
406:sulfide
154:Caribou
505:, and
503:pyrite
491:galena
467:Creede
455:copper
439:silver
435:silver
431:copper
402:Gilman
382:silver
376:, and
370:galena
208:Gilman
190:Creede
32:Nevada
654:, in
637:, in
620:, in
583:Notes
344:Aspen
118:Aspen
40:Idaho
535:see
483:tuff
477:, a
465:The
451:lead
447:zinc
443:gold
427:zinc
423:Zinc
412:and
390:zinc
386:lead
30:. (
529:at
709::
501:,
497:,
493:,
489:,
392:.
372:,
256:.
38:.
533:(
433:-
235:-
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
