130:
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1011:
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483:
394:
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armaments and military fittings, removal of the bow and stern sections and then removal of the paint down to the bare metal before the extent of the corrosion was assessed and treated before reskinning of a considerable amount of the below waterline structure to restore its watertightness. Along with the revised low-drag fairings that were installed on both the nose and tail, a refurbished interior was installed. This flying boat was referred to as the
827:
988:
22:
944:
1035:
895:
372:
The initial batch having been determined to be satisfactory, a further six
Sunderlands were converted for similar purposes in 1943, along with a further batch of 12 during the following year. Following the end of the Second World War, BOAC opted to convert its Sunderlands to a less-austere standard,
352:
works, stripping them of their armaments and military fittings, being instead refitted for airline purposes, having austere bench-type seats installed within the cabin along with civil markings and registrations across their exteriors.. On 26 December 1942, the first of the conversions performed its
777:
class). These had Pratt & Whitney R-1830-92C Twin Wasp engines. The aircraft had two decks and could accommodate a total of 30 passengers. The upper deck had the flight deck forward of the wing spar, to the rear of which was the pantry (with a dumbwaiter to the lower deck), the crew's quarters,
587:
In 1946, BOAC recognised that its existing fleet of flying boats was insufficient to perform all of the routes it envisioned, thus the airline placed its first order for the
Sandringham. During the following year, the Sandringham 5 was introduced into service with BOAC, which referred to it as the
406:
positions could be replaced by more sophisticated low-drag counterparts to improve aerodynamic efficiency. Deciding to proceed with this work, in
November 1945, Shorts flew a thus refined conversion of BOAC's Sunderlands from their Rochester works. The conversions commenced with removal of their
442:
There were several differences between the
Sandringham I and the following production flying boats. While the first prototype had retained the Pegasus engines, common to both the Sunderland III and Hythe, later models of the Sandringham, which were converted by Short and Harland Ltd at
434:
instead. The airline had been keen to procure
Sunderlands were its South American intercity routes, and had been impressed by information provided by Shorts on the Sandringham conversation. Ordered in two batches, one for short-haul routes and the other for longer distances, the first
377:. Specific changes including the replacement of the somewhat primitive bench seats with individual seats, initially permitting up to sixteen passengers to be accommodated on one deck in the initial H.1 configuration. Improved models, such as the H.2 variant, featured the addition of a
298:
along with multiple further improved versions. Being operated initially alongside the Hythes, the more comfortable conditions onboard the
Sandringhams led to them being given greater priority for usage and routing alike. Various other operators also procured the type, including
315:, thus their operations curtailed substantially during the late 1950s. The final scheduled service performed by the type was ended during the 1970s. A total of three Sandringhams are believed to have survived to the present day in preservation.
401:
Even prior to the end of the conflict, it has been identified that, while the converted
Sunderlands had proved to be successful, there were areas for improvement. Specifically, the temporary and somewhat basic fairings implemented to cover
426:. Around this time, BOAC opted to have all of its Sunderlands refurbished to a standard akin to contemporary airliners. Shorts had envisioned BOAC issuing a prompt order for Sandringhams, but the first order for the type came from the
844:
1226:, 1977. Transported by French military to Paris in 1979 and placed on display, but was severely damaged during a storm on 8 February 1984. Under restoration since 2008, and as of January 2018 not currently viewable by the public.
697:
flew his newly acquired
Sandringham 7 from the UK to Australia to begin a series of flying boat cruises of the south Pacific. The aircraft later passed to RĂ©seau AĂ©rien Interinsulaire in Tahiti and is presently stored at the
850:
778:
then a 10 seat passenger cabin from which a staircase led down to the lower deck which had seating for 20 passengers. Two were sold to Qantas and operated by them between 1950 and 1955, with the remaining two sold to Ansett.
855:
758:
431:
348:, a civilian flying boat, there were few challenges posed by converting excess Sunderlands for civil purposes if deemed necessary. Accordingly, during December 1942, work started on six Sunderland IIIs from Short's
682:. This customer's small fleet was specially equipped with flying in cold prevailing conditions, although services had to be halted during the winter regardless; they also featured the same
1045:
colors, this aircraft never actually flew in revenue service for the airline and was painted for a proposed sponsor deal with the Foynes Flying Boat Museum that did not come to fruition.
751:
Full civil conversion of
Sunderland 3 for BOAC, accommodating 24 day or 16 sleeper passengers, and powered by four 1,030 hp (768 kW) Bristol Pegasus 38 engines. One converted.
1131:. it was delivered from Southampton to Waitemata Harbour, Auckland on 29 October 1947 and was soon in service on the 1,300-mile Sydney–Auckland route. In May 1950, ZK-AMH, was sold to
1164:
623:
route as well as flights to various
Pacific Islands. The airline opted to discontinue Sandringham operations on 19 December 1949, selling its fleet onto other airlines. In 1950,
1215:
283:. Around the conclusion to the conflict, Shorts was keen to produce a more refined and capable conversion of the Sunderland; the first prototype of which, which performed its
381:
deck, while the H.3 configuration, featured an additional eight seats. Up to 6,500 pounds (2,900 kg) of mail could also be carried. Engines were standardised as the
604:, in 1948. However, these operations were quickly overshadowed by other developments, with BOAC choosing to replace its flying boats on several routes with land-based
534:. As Egypt was under military control, the aircraft were given military serial numbers and operated as part of RAF Transport Command. The service was extended to
1132:
2003:
600:. The type quickly proved to be both reliable and popular with the travelling public, leading to BOAC ordering the improved Sandringham 6, which it called the
1998:
1218:
1958. Registered F-OBIP. Final Flight 1970 Papeete, Tahiti. Initially donated to Queensland Air Museum 1975. Relocation proved cost prohibitive. Acquired by
2560:
655:; two of these were purchased from TEAL and the other three were purchased from BOAC. Qantas kept its Sandringhams in regular service through to 1955.
1964:
2610:
2545:
2420:
2670:
2580:
2505:
2470:
1163:. By the time the company went out of business in 1978 the flying boat was in very poor condition. In 1981 the aircraft was purchased for the
542:, the end of the war in Europe, allowed the aircraft reverted to BOAC control. They continued on the India route, which was extended again to
2650:
2605:
2600:
2590:
2540:
2535:
2515:
2440:
2197:
1123:
for conversion. After conversion at Short's Belfast factory, the aircraft was allocated the conversion number SH.55C and registered by
686:
sets as fitted to the wartime Sunderland V for navigation purposes, helping the crew avoid mountainsides and safely operate from the
788:
class), accommodating 22 day or 16 sleeper passengers. Three of these were sold to Qantas which operated them between 1951 and 1955.
1197:
1102:
1051:
1430:
1329:
470:, was fitted with a 43-seat interior. Its conversion had been necessitated following the loss of an earlier Sandringham due to a
86:
3443:
415:
to distinguish it from the more advanced conversions which had interiors customized to each customer, which later followed it.
1219:
699:
584:
would operate Sandringhams in a passenger role up until 1962, after which they saw use as freighters up until the late 1960s.
58:
3453:
1957:
1838:
718:
422:
was issued for the Sandringham I, it entered service with BOAC in June of that year after completing operational trials with
1000:
577:
333:
272:
183:
65:
666:
scheduled service until 1974. One of Ansett's Sandringhams was converted from a S-25 Sunderland previously owned by the
1060:
MR5) c/n SH.974b. To RNZAF No.5 Squadron 1953 Fiji and became NZ4108. Hobsonville, New Zealand 1956–1963. Sold 1963 to
726:
572:
It was in 1946 that the initial production models of the Sandringham proved themselves to be capable performers in the
39:
1886:
1871:
1856:
722:
105:
767:
Conversion of Sunderland 5 with dining room and galley on upper deck and seats for 21 on lower deck. Two converted.
3438:
3428:
1950:
72:
1139:
with the registration VH-BRC. Barrier Reef Airlines were subsequently taken over by the major Australian airline
294:
The BOAC quickly sought to procure the Sandringham for its fleet, the demand for which led to production of the
43:
129:
54:
1124:
1112:
934:
612:
300:
192:
557:
During 1946, BOAC's fleet of Hythes commenced long distance flights to Australia; on 12 May 1946, the Poole–
490:
1339:
419:
3448:
3312:
1061:
683:
667:
459:
374:
276:
1918:
1893:
Warner, Guy (July–August 2002). "From Bombay to Bombardier: Aircraft Production at Sydenham, Part One".
956:
1206:
Mk III). Converted to Short S-25 Sandringham 7 Bermuda Class 1947 for BOAC British Register as G-AKCO
1072:. Storm damaged and repaired. Sold to Kermit Weeks in 1992 and re-registered N158J. On display at the
1068:. To Antilles Air Boats, Virgin Island as N158J in 1974. To Edward Hulton in the UK in 1979 as G-BJHS
3397:
3112:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2685:
2675:
1144:
628:
495:
451:
engines. Every Sandringham was converted from surplus Sunderlands that had been formerly operated by
448:
271:(RAF) had been converted to a civilian configuration as early as 1942 to fulfil a requirement of the
1235:
2253:
2243:
1084:
261:
839:
581:
311:. The Sandringham soon became outclassed by land-based airliners, including the arrival of faster
2238:
2233:
1742:
694:
32:
1183:
605:
160:
79:
3433:
1391:
671:
423:
717:
which flew the aircraft in scheduled passenger service into the 1970s with flights from the
3322:
2971:
2816:
2811:
2405:
2400:
2028:
1922:
703:
8:
3117:
2976:
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2936:
2911:
2906:
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2390:
2223:
2043:
2038:
2023:
2018:
1993:
452:
761:, accommodating 45 day passengers. Powered by four R-1830-92 engines, three conversions.
336:(BOAC), required new aircraft in its inventory. It was promptly recognised that, as the
3337:
3218:
2951:
2856:
2751:
2410:
2340:
2330:
1988:
1223:
1077:
1023:
745:
Modification of Sunderland III for BOAC, with seats for 16–24 passengers. 23 converted.
357:. After being delivered to BOAC, these flying boats were quickly used on the airline's
279:, which was a somewhat austere conversion due to its development taking place amid the
1332:/ -90B 14-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engines, 1,200 hp (890 kW) each
3392:
3367:
3362:
3097:
3023:
3016:
3009:
2921:
2891:
2886:
2690:
2630:
1900:
1882:
1867:
1852:
1834:
1073:
565:, commenced. In August of that year, BOAC's Hythes were also deployed on services to
486:
Short Sandringham 5 G-AHZE of BOAC at Hamworthy Quay, Poole, Dorset in September 1954
1778:
482:
275:(BOAC) for additional long range airliners. This need led to the development of the
3228:
3087:
2961:
2791:
2425:
1203:
1140:
1108:
1057:
912:
877:
811:
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337:
329:
308:
280:
257:
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138:
134:
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3193:
2941:
2916:
2846:
2756:
2395:
2360:
2325:
2320:
2315:
794:
Radar equipped aircraft for Norwegian airline DNL. 37 passengers. Five converted.
382:
349:
341:
268:
2228:
522:, the Sunderlands were transferred in October 1943 to flights between Poole and
403:
3407:
3402:
3352:
3264:
3223:
3208:
3203:
3165:
3082:
3066:
3061:
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2841:
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2365:
2310:
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2258:
2248:
2207:
1973:
1895:
971:
710:
632:
393:
253:
165:
1936:
1159:. In that year she was acquired by Antilles Air Boats who in 1980 renamed her
502:
The converted Sunderlands commenced operations with BOAC on its route between
373:
making them more suitable for peace-time operations; they became known as the
3422:
3372:
3347:
3297:
3233:
3198:
3133:
3056:
2986:
2931:
2871:
2866:
2831:
2796:
2736:
2680:
2645:
2620:
2595:
2585:
2525:
2520:
2510:
2370:
2355:
2350:
2345:
1937:
video of a Short Sandringham (misidentified as a Sunderland) landing on water
1904:
1016:
636:
573:
519:
503:
447:
Harbour, were based on the later Sunderland V, which were instead powered by
354:
284:
1919:"Short Sandringham: Sunderland's Civil Version: Improved Form and Interior."
1831:
Coral Route: Tasman Empire Airways Ltd, Flying Boats & the South Pacific
267:
Prior to the Sandringham, numerous Sunderlands which had been built for the
3357:
3342:
3302:
3269:
3183:
3149:
3046:
3041:
2981:
2926:
2876:
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2781:
2776:
2761:
2746:
2741:
2665:
2640:
2550:
2530:
2465:
2450:
2415:
2385:
2335:
2305:
2033:
1675:, photos of Antilles Air Boats Short Sandringham in the U.S. Virgin Islands
1120:
709:
One of the last operators of the Sandringham was Antilles Air Boats in the
640:
345:
1942:
1301:
3332:
3051:
2901:
2881:
2851:
2375:
2192:
1807:(35th ed.). London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co. pp. 74c–75c.
1176:
927:
730:
615:
was another early operator of the Sandringham, using it primarily on the
576:
market. Multiple airlines in Argentina, as well as the Uruguayan airline
362:
249:
3317:
3307:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3188:
3107:
3102:
3092:
2801:
2786:
2695:
2660:
2635:
2615:
2460:
2435:
2430:
2380:
2202:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2013:
1418:
1342:, 12 ft 1 in (3.68 m) diameter constant-speed propellers
1172:
1064:. Converted to passenger configuration and registered VH-BRF and named
908:
648:
1080:, USA with Kermit Weeks and registered as N814ML on 16 September 1993.
561:
route, which were operated in conjunction with the Australian airline
3292:
3287:
2720:
2715:
2008:
1406:
1152:
870:
832:
714:
593:
566:
527:
427:
378:
907:
Reseau Aerien Interinsulaire (RAI) and successor Air Polynesie (now
679:
21:
1143:
in 1952 and became Ansett Flying Boat Services and operated out of
616:
589:
535:
366:
312:
1041:
moored off Hythe Pier, Southampton Water (1989). While painted in
1034:
1296:
1042:
993:
543:
523:
515:
471:
444:
1196:
Short S-25 Sandringham 7 Bermuda Class. c/n SH-57C. Built as a (
1148:
949:
900:
885:
624:
620:
562:
558:
551:
539:
507:
466:
to a similar standard to the Sandringham. This aircraft, named
439:
was launched to great ceremony at Belfast on 17 November 1945.
304:
188:
1322:
2,032 imp gal (2,440 US gal; 9,238 L)
1239:
Short Sandringham 3-view drawing from Les Ailes March 29, 1947
687:
670:. The Sandringham was also operated by the Norwegian airline
597:
547:
531:
511:
358:
1210:. Sold to Sir Patrick Gordon Taylor 1954. Registered VH-APG
1926:, 19 July 1945, Volume XLVIII, Number 1908. pp. 63–65.
1672:
978:
675:
644:
1710:
1708:
1167:
by the Science Museum and is now on display with the name
627:
introduced the first of five aircraft which flew from the
1532:
1530:
332:, it was recognised that the UK's flagship airline, the
1705:
814:
officially described as a Sunderland Mark V (Modified).
588:"Plymouth class" and operated it mainly the company's
256:. They were produced as conversions of the widely used
1527:
1546:
1544:
1542:
845:
Sociedad Mixta AviaciĂłn del Litoral Fluvial Argentino
260:, a military flying boat that was commonly used as a
1833:(Hardcover). Wellington, Aotearoa: Steele Roberts.
1490:
1488:
1413:
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
674:between 1946 and 1952 on the domestic service from
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1761:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1539:
1096:), Solent Sky museum, Southampton, England, (2011)
851:Cooperativa AsociaciĂłn Argentina de Aeronavegantes
458:During 1963, an additional conversion of a former
1849:British Civil Aircraft since 1919 – Volume Three.
1230:
662:Flying Boat Services on the Sydney (Rose Bay) to
3420:
1485:
1864:British Civil Aircraft 1919–1972: Volume Three.
1726:
1717:
1687:
757:Civil conversion of Sunderland 5 for Argentine
1647:
1645:
1469:
1467:
1958:
1659:
1657:
1626:
1624:
1369:2,440 mi (3,930 km, 2,120 nmi)
518:in March 1943. Following a proving flight to
1678:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
344:(RAF) bore considerable similarities to the
1972:
1828:
1743:"Short S.25 Sandringham Mk7 Bermuda F-OBIP"
1642:
1633:
1612:
1585:
1567:
1476:
1464:
1191:at the Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace (2015)
856:CompañĂa Argentina de AeronavegaciĂłn Dodero
432:CompañĂa Argentina de AeronavegaciĂłn Dodero
397:Short Sandringham 7 VH-APG at Cowes in 1954
1965:
1951:
1654:
1621:
1603:
1594:
1576:
1268:22 day passengers or 16 sleeper passengers
592:routes from Southampton via Alexandria to
365:service, transporting both passengers and
287:during November 1945, became known as the
1553:
1511:
1497:
1448:
1363:176 mph (283 km/h, 153 kn)
1357:206 mph (332 km/h, 179 kn)
1330:Pratt & Whitney R-1830-92D Twin Wasp
318:
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
1851:London: Putnam & Company Ltd, 1974.
1802:
1796:
1234:
1182:
1083:
1033:
773:Four converted for TEAL of New Zealand (
489:
481:
392:
1779:"The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage"
1431:List of aircraft of the Royal Air Force
1387:35.6 lb/sq ft (174 kg/m)
1280:112 ft 9.5 in (34.379 m)
569:on what was known as the Dragon route.
388:
3421:
1892:
1286:22 ft 10.5 in (6.972 m)
580:, became early operators of the type.
477:
411:; it subsequently became known as the
340:military flying boats operated by the
1946:
1939:from the old movie titled "el delito"
1881:Stroud, UK: Sutton Publishing, 2003.
1829:Barton, Gerry; Heath, Philip (2015).
1770:
1735:
1029:
719:Charlotte Amalie Harbor Seaplane Base
1805:Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1947
1776:
1292:1,687 sq ft (156.7 m)
474:that had torn it from its moorings.
334:British Overseas Airways Corporation
273:British Overseas Airways Corporation
252:designed and originally produced by
184:British Overseas Airways Corporation
44:adding citations to reliable sources
15:
1274:86 ft 3 in (26.29 m)
1187:Short S.25 Sandringham Mk7 Bermuda
13:
1912:
1115:. (TEAL) of New Zealand purchased
1001:CompañĂa Aeronáutica Uruguaya S.A.
810:An additional civil conversion by
727:Christiansted Harbor Seaplane Base
228:1974 (Ansett Flying Boat Services)
14:
3465:
1930:
1396:0.08 hp/lb (0.13 kW/kg)
175:Out of production, out of service
1899:. No. 100. pp. 13–24.
1247:British Civil Aircraft 1919–1972
1165:National Aeronautical Collection
1009:
986:
964:
942:
920:
893:
863:
825:
462:Sunderland V was carried out by
128:
20:
1815:
1803:Bridgman, Leonard, ed. (1947).
1666:
1316:60,000 lb (27,216 kg)
1310:39,498 lb (17,916 kg)
1135:of Australia who it renamed it
800:Thirty seat aircraft for BOAC (
449:Pratt & Whitney "Twin Wasp"
31:needs additional citations for
1684:London 2003, pp. 278–279, 281.
1381:840 ft/min (4.3 m/s)
1231:Specifications (Sandringham 5)
611:The New Zealand-based airline
1:
3444:Four-engined tractor aircraft
1747:Musée de l’Air et de l’Espace
1436:
1375:17,900 ft (5,500 m)
1220:Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace
700:Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace
323:
3454:Four-engined piston aircraft
1441:
1340:Hamilton Standard Hydromatic
1216:Reseau Aerian Interinsulaire
1179:, Hampshire, United Kingdom.
818:
658:The Sandringham was used by
420:certificate of airworthiness
137:Sandringham taking off from
7:
1823:Shorts Aircraft since 1900.
1714:Barton & Heath, p. 201.
1536:Barton & Heath, p. 127.
1400:
1062:Airlines of New South Wales
736:
684:air-to-surface-vessel radar
668:Royal New Zealand Air Force
460:Royal New Zealand Air Force
197:Ansett Flying Boat Services
10:
3470:
1550:Jackson 1988, pp. 152–153.
957:Det Norske Luftfartselskap
733:among other destinations.
3398:English Electric Canberra
3385:
3278:
3242:
3174:
3158:
3142:
3126:
3075:
3034:
3002:
2995:
2729:
2559:
2296:
2216:
2185:
2052:
1981:
1651:Barnes 1967, pp. 404-405.
1639:Barnes 1967, pp. 403-404.
1618:Barnes 1967, pp. 401-402.
1591:Barnes 1967, pp. 406-407.
1573:Barnes 1967, pp. 400-401.
1482:London 2003, pp. 203–204.
1473:Barnes 1967, pp. 398–399.
1155:until 1974 with the name
1113:Tasman Empire Airways Ltd
784:Nine converted for BOAC (
695:Captain Sir Gordon Taylor
232:
224:
216:
208:
203:
179:
171:
159:
151:
146:
127:
122:
1673:http://www.airliners.net
804:class). Three converted.
672:DNL – Norwegian Airlines
262:maritime patrol aircraft
3439:1940s British airliners
3429:Short Brothers aircraft
1783:m-selig.ae.illinois.edu
1253:General characteristics
1101:Ex-Ansett Sandringham (
1050:Ex-Ansett Sandringham (
608:airliners during 1949.
418:During January 1946, a
1866:London: Putnam, 1988.
1240:
1192:
1097:
1046:
606:Lockheed Constellation
499:
494:Ansett Sandringham at
487:
398:
319:Design and development
248:is a British civilian
246:Short S.25 Sandringham
3175:Maritime patrol &
1879:British Flying Boats.
1767:Jackson 1988, p. 156.
1732:Jackson 1988, p. 155.
1723:Jackson 1988, p. 154.
1702:Jackson 1988, p. 153.
1494:Jackson 1988, p. 152.
1238:
1186:
1133:Barrier Reef Airlines
1087:
1037:
840:AerolĂneas Argentinas
582:AerolĂneas Argentinas
493:
485:
424:RAF Transport Command
396:
328:At the height of the
3323:Short-Mayo Composite
2004:Short-Wright biplane
1825:London: Putnam, 1967
1663:Barnes 1967, p. 405.
1630:Barnes 1967, p. 403.
1609:Barnes 1967, p. 401.
1600:London 2003, p. 204.
1582:London 2003, p. 226.
1564:Barnes 1967, p. 400.
1524:Barnes 1967, p. 399.
1508:London 2003, p. 215.
1461:Barnes 1967, p. 398.
1127:as ZK-AMH and named
882:Barrier Reef Airways
631:flying boat base on
389:Post-war conversions
40:improve this article
1304:436 modified -->
635:to destinations in
538:in May 1944, while
478:Operational history
453:RAF Coastal Command
147:General information
55:"Short Sandringham"
3449:High-wing aircraft
1241:
1224:Le Bourget Airport
1193:
1098:
1078:Polk City, Florida
1047:
1030:Surviving aircraft
1024:Antilles Air Boats
500:
488:
399:
383:Bristol Pegasus 38
141:in the early 1960s
3416:
3415:
3393:Bristol Britannia
3381:
3380:
3083:M4 scale Stirling
2292:
2291:
1840:978-1-927242-89-6
1777:Lednicer, David.
1111:Mk III) flew for
1074:Fantasy of Flight
693:In October 1954,
242:
241:
209:Introduction date
155:Civil flying boat
123:Short Sandringham
116:
115:
108:
90:
3461:
3281:& airliners:
3184:Empire/'C-Class'
3088:Gnosspelius Gull
3000:
2999:
2792:Gnosspelius Gull
2217:Admiralty Types:
2050:
2049:
1967:
1960:
1953:
1944:
1943:
1908:
1844:
1809:
1808:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1774:
1768:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1739:
1733:
1730:
1724:
1721:
1715:
1712:
1703:
1700:
1685:
1682:
1676:
1670:
1664:
1661:
1652:
1649:
1640:
1637:
1631:
1628:
1619:
1616:
1610:
1607:
1601:
1598:
1592:
1589:
1583:
1580:
1574:
1571:
1565:
1562:
1551:
1548:
1537:
1534:
1525:
1522:
1509:
1506:
1495:
1492:
1483:
1480:
1474:
1471:
1462:
1459:
1373:Service ceiling:
1350:
1255:
1212:Frigate Bird III
1204:Short Sunderland
1109:Short Sunderland
1070:Spirit of Foynes
1058:Short Sunderland
1039:Spirit of Foynes
1015:
1013:
1012:
992:
990:
989:
970:
968:
967:
948:
946:
945:
926:
924:
923:
913:French Polynesia
899:
897:
896:
869:
867:
866:
831:
829:
828:
704:Paris Le Bourget
664:Lord Howe Island
653:Lord Howe Island
338:Short Sunderland
330:Second World War
281:Second World War
258:Short Sunderland
237:Short Sunderland
139:Lord Howe Island
132:
120:
119:
111:
104:
100:
97:
91:
89:
48:
24:
16:
3469:
3468:
3464:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3412:
3377:
3280:
3274:
3238:
3177:reconnaissance:
3176:
3170:
3154:
3138:
3122:
3071:
3030:
2991:
2725:
2563:
2555:
2298:
2288:
2212:
2181:
2054:
2048:
1977:
1971:
1933:
1915:
1913:Further reading
1877:London, Peter.
1862:Jackson, A. J.
1847:Jackson, A. J.
1841:
1818:
1813:
1812:
1801:
1797:
1787:
1785:
1775:
1771:
1766:
1762:
1752:
1750:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1706:
1701:
1688:
1683:
1679:
1671:
1667:
1662:
1655:
1650:
1643:
1638:
1634:
1629:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1604:
1599:
1595:
1590:
1586:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1568:
1563:
1554:
1549:
1540:
1535:
1528:
1523:
1512:
1507:
1498:
1493:
1486:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1465:
1460:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1403:
1346:
1251:
1233:
1032:
1010:
1008:
987:
985:
965:
963:
943:
941:
921:
919:
894:
892:
864:
862:
826:
824:
821:
739:
496:Rose Bay Sydney
480:
391:
342:Royal Air Force
326:
321:
269:Royal Air Force
199:
195:
191:
142:
112:
101:
95:
92:
49:
47:
37:
25:
12:
11:
5:
3467:
3457:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3410:
3408:Felixstowe F.5
3405:
3403:Felixstowe F.3
3400:
3395:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3284:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3180:
3178:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3162:
3160:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3079:
3077:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3021:
3014:
3006:
3004:
2997:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2972:Triple-Tractor
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2567:
2565:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2302:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2058:
2056:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2029:Triple-Tractor
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1978:
1974:Short Brothers
1970:
1969:
1962:
1955:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1932:
1931:External links
1929:
1928:
1927:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1896:Air Enthusiast
1890:
1875:
1860:
1845:
1839:
1826:
1821:Barnes, C. H.
1817:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1795:
1769:
1760:
1734:
1725:
1716:
1704:
1686:
1677:
1665:
1653:
1641:
1632:
1620:
1611:
1602:
1593:
1584:
1575:
1566:
1552:
1538:
1526:
1510:
1496:
1484:
1475:
1463:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1422:
1421:
1410:
1409:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1388:
1382:
1379:Rate of climb:
1376:
1370:
1364:
1358:
1355:Maximum speed:
1344:
1343:
1333:
1323:
1320:Fuel capacity:
1317:
1311:
1305:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1269:
1263:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1181:
1180:
1161:Southern Cross
1082:
1081:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1005:
1004:
997:
996:
982:
981:
975:
974:
972:United Kingdom
960:
959:
953:
952:
938:
937:
931:
930:
916:
915:
904:
903:
889:
888:
883:
880:
874:
873:
859:
858:
853:
848:
842:
836:
835:
820:
817:
816:
815:
808:
805:
798:
795:
792:
789:
782:
779:
771:
768:
765:
762:
759:airline Dodero
755:
752:
749:
746:
743:
738:
735:
711:Virgin Islands
633:Sydney Harbour
574:South American
479:
476:
437:Sandringham II
390:
387:
325:
322:
320:
317:
296:Sandringham II
254:Short Brothers
240:
239:
234:
233:Developed from
230:
229:
226:
222:
221:
218:
214:
213:
210:
206:
205:
201:
200:
187:
181:
177:
176:
173:
169:
168:
166:Short Brothers
163:
157:
156:
153:
149:
148:
144:
143:
133:
125:
124:
114:
113:
28:
26:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3466:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3386:Under licence
3384:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3277:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3255:Improved S.27
3253:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3224:Sturgeon (II)
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3173:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3141:
3135:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3125:
3119:
3118:Silver Streak
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3076:Experimental:
3074:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3001:
2998:
2994:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2957:Sturgeon (II)
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2937:Sporting Type
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2912:Silver Streak
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2892:Sherpa (C-23)
2890:
2888:
2887:Sherpa (SB.4)
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2807:Knuckleduster
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2728:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2295:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2186:'N' sequence:
2184:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2044:Silver Streak
2042:
2040:
2039:Sporting Type
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2014:Improved S.27
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1968:
1963:
1961:
1956:
1954:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1891:
1888:
1887:0-7509-2695-3
1884:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1872:0-85177-818-6
1869:
1865:
1861:
1858:
1857:0-370-10014-X
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1824:
1820:
1819:
1806:
1799:
1784:
1780:
1773:
1764:
1748:
1744:
1738:
1729:
1720:
1711:
1709:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1681:
1674:
1669:
1660:
1658:
1648:
1646:
1636:
1627:
1625:
1615:
1606:
1597:
1588:
1579:
1570:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1533:
1531:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1491:
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1426:
1425:Related lists
1420:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1386:
1385:Wing loading:
1383:
1380:
1377:
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1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1361:Cruise speed:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1349:
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1337:
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1327:
1324:
1321:
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1314:Gross weight:
1312:
1309:
1308:Empty weight:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1298:
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1137:Coral Clipper
1134:
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1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
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1107:
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1088:Sandringham
1086:
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796:
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790:
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781:Sandringham 5
780:
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770:Sandringham 4
769:
766:
764:Sandringham 3
763:
760:
756:
754:Sandringham 2
753:
750:
748:Sandringham 1
747:
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637:New Caledonia
634:
630:
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622:
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602:Bermuda Class
599:
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549:
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541:
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520:British India
517:
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504:Poole Harbour
497:
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438:
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421:
416:
414:
413:Sandringham 1
410:
405:
395:
386:
384:
380:
376:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
355:maiden flight
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
316:
314:
310:
306:
302:
297:
292:
290:
289:Sandringham I
286:
285:maiden flight
282:
278:
274:
270:
265:
263:
259:
255:
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238:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
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207:
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194:
190:
185:
182:
180:Primary users
178:
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158:
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150:
145:
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136:
131:
126:
121:
118:
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99:
96:December 2018
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57: –
56:
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
3434:Flying boats
3338:Scion Senior
3327:
3303:Short Empire
3219:Sturgeon (I)
3024:
3017:
3010:
2952:Sturgeon (I)
2857:Scion Senior
2836:
1999:Biplane No.3
1994:Biplane No.2
1989:Biplane No.1
1921:
1894:
1878:
1863:
1848:
1830:
1822:
1816:Bibliography
1804:
1798:
1786:. Retrieved
1782:
1772:
1763:
1751:. Retrieved
1746:
1737:
1728:
1719:
1680:
1668:
1635:
1614:
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1136:
1128:
1121:Air Ministry
1116:
1105:
1093:
1089:
1069:
1065:
1054:
1038:
801:
785:
774:
723:Saint Thomas
708:
692:
657:
641:New Hebrides
610:
601:
586:
571:
556:
501:
467:
457:
441:
436:
417:
412:
408:
400:
371:
346:Short Empire
327:
295:
293:
288:
266:
245:
243:
220:January 1943
217:First flight
161:Manufacturer
117:
102:
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
3328:Sandringham
3098:SB.4 Sherpa
2977:Triple-Twin
2967:Tandem-Twin
2837:Sandringham
2721:SD.3-60/360
2716:SD.3-30/330
2024:Tandem-Twin
2019:Triple-Twin
1749:(in French)
1348:Performance
1336:Propellers:
1326:Powerplant:
1177:Southampton
1169:Beachcomber
1157:Beachcomber
928:New Zealand
731:Saint Croix
409:Sandringham
375:Short Hythe
363:West Africa
277:Short Hythe
250:flying boat
3423:Categories
3279:Transports
3229:Sunderland
2962:Sunderland
2882:'Shamrock'
1437:References
1419:Short S.26
1392:Power/mass
1290:Wing area:
1214:. Sold to
1208:St. George
1198:RAF Serial
1175:museum in
1173:Solent Sky
1103:RAF Serial
1076:museum in
1052:RAF Serial
909:Air Tahiti
649:New Guinea
550:following
324:Background
66:newspapers
3243:Trainers:
3214:Springbok
3194:Singapore
3189:'G-Class'
3127:Fighters:
3003:Airships:
2942:Springbok
2917:Singapore
2847:Satellite
2787:'G-Class'
2747:'C-Class'
2531:S.45 (II)
2297:Post-1921
2055:sequence:
2053:Early 'S'
2009:Dunne D.5
1905:0143-5450
1753:9 January
1442:Citations
1407:RAF Gatow
1338:4-bladed
1302:Göttingen
1278:Wingspan:
1266:Capacity:
1244:Data from
1153:Australia
1119:from the
871:Australia
833:Argentina
819:Operators
715:Caribbean
594:Hong Kong
567:Hong Kong
528:Gibraltar
428:Argentine
379:promenade
350:Rochester
313:jetliners
3353:Shetland
3265:Sturgeon
3209:Shetland
3204:Sarafand
3166:Crusader
3143:Gliders:
3067:Sturgeon
3062:Stirling
3035:Bombers:
2947:Stirling
2907:'Shrimp'
2897:Shetland
2842:Sarafand
2782:'Folder'
2772:Crusader
2767:Cromarty
2752:Calcutta
2564:sequence
2526:S.45 (I)
2299:sequence
1982:Pre-1921
1976:aircraft
1788:16 April
1401:See also
1145:Rose Bay
1129:Auckland
1066:Islander
807:Islander
786:Plymouth
737:Variants
725:and the
629:Rose Bay
617:Auckland
590:Far East
536:Calcutta
468:Islander
430:airline
367:air mail
3373:Valetta
3348:Sealand
3308:G-Class
3298:Belfast
3234:Seaford
3199:Rangoon
3159:Racers:
3134:Gurnard
3057:Sperrin
2996:By type
2987:Valetta
2932:Sperrin
2872:Sealand
2867:Seaford
2832:Rangoon
2812:Mercury
2797:Gurnard
2757:Chamois
2737:Belfast
2561:S.B.A.C
1297:Airfoil
1284:Height:
1272:Length:
1043:Ryanair
1003:(CAUSA)
994:Uruguay
802:Bermuda
713:of the
544:Rangoon
524:Karachi
516:Nigeria
498:in 1970
472:cyclone
445:Belfast
369:alike.
225:Retired
204:History
80:scholar
3368:Skyvan
3363:Sherpa
3358:Solent
3343:Scylla
3270:Tucano
3150:Nimbus
3047:Seamew
3042:Bomber
2982:Tucano
2927:Solent
2922:Skyvan
2877:Seamew
2862:Scylla
2827:Nimbus
2822:Mussel
2777:Empire
2762:Cockle
2742:Bomber
2034:Bomber
1923:Flight
1903:
1885:
1870:
1855:
1837:
1367:Range:
1189:F-OBIP
1149:Sydney
1141:Ansett
1094:VH-BRC
1014:
991:
969:
950:Norway
947:
925:
901:France
898:
886:QANTAS
878:Ansett
868:
847:(ALFA)
830:
812:Ansett
775:Tasman
688:fjords
680:Tromsø
660:Ansett
625:Qantas
621:Sydney
563:Qantas
559:Sydney
552:VJ-Day
540:VE-Day
526:, via
508:Dorset
464:Ansett
404:turret
309:Ansett
305:Qantas
189:Qantas
186:(BOAC)
172:Status
135:Ansett
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
3333:Scion
3313:Hythe
3052:Shirl
2902:Shirl
2852:Scion
2730:Names
2551:S.312
2346:S.8/8
1260:Crew:
1201:JM719
1117:JM715
1106:JM715
1090:JM715
1055:ML814
911:) in
742:Hythe
598:Tokyo
578:CAUSA
548:Burma
532:Cairo
512:Lagos
359:Poole
87:JSTOR
73:books
3318:Kent
3260:S.38
3250:S.27
3113:SC.9
3108:SC.1
3103:SB.5
3093:SB.1
2817:Maia
2802:Kent
2711:SD.2
2706:SD.1
2701:SC.9
2696:SC.8
2691:SC.7
2686:SC.6
2681:SC.5
2676:SC.4
2671:SC.3
2666:SC.2
2661:SC.1
2656:SB.9
2651:SB.8
2646:SB.7
2641:SB.6
2636:SB.5
2631:SB.4
2626:SB.3
2621:SB.2
2616:SB.1
2611:SA.9
2606:SA.8
2601:SA.7
2596:SA.6
2591:SA.5
2586:SA.4
2581:SA.3
2576:SA.2
2571:SA.1
2546:S.48
2541:S.47
2536:S.46
2521:S.44
2516:S.43
2511:S.42
2506:S.41
2501:S.40
2496:S.39
2491:S.38
2486:S.37
2481:S.36
2476:S.35
2471:S.34
2466:S.33
2461:S.32
2456:S.31
2451:S.30
2446:S.29
2441:S.28
2436:S.27
2431:S.26
2426:S.25
2421:S.24
2416:S.23
2411:S.22
2406:S.21
2401:S.20
2396:S.19
2391:S.18
2386:L.17
2381:S.17
2376:S.16
2371:S.15
2366:S.14
2361:S.12
2356:S.11
2351:S.10
2203:N.2B
2198:N.2A
2193:N.1B
2177:S.81
2172:S.80
2167:S.62
2162:S.53
2157:S.52
2152:S.51
2147:S.50
2142:S.49
2137:S.48
2132:S.45
2127:S.44
2122:S.43
2117:S.41
2112:S.39
2107:S.38
2102:S.36
2097:S.35
2092:S.34
2087:S.33
2082:S.32
2077:S.29
2072:S.28
2067:S.27
2062:S.26
1901:ISSN
1883:ISBN
1868:ISBN
1853:ISBN
1835:ISBN
1790:2019
1755:2018
1328:4 Ă—
1125:TEAL
979:BOAC
935:TEAL
676:Oslo
651:and
645:Fiji
613:TEAL
596:and
530:and
510:and
307:and
301:TEAL
244:The
212:1943
193:TEAL
152:Type
59:news
3293:360
3288:330
3025:R38
3018:R32
3011:R31
2341:S.8
2336:S.7
2331:S.6
2326:S.5
2321:S.4
2316:S.3
2311:S.2
2306:S.1
2284:830
2279:827
2274:320
2269:310
2264:301
2259:184
2254:166
2249:136
2244:135
2208:N.3
1222:at
1171:at
729:on
721:on
702:at
678:to
619:to
546:in
455:.
42:by
3425::
2239:81
2234:74
2229:42
1781:.
1745:.
1707:^
1689:^
1656:^
1644:^
1623:^
1555:^
1541:^
1529:^
1513:^
1499:^
1487:^
1466:^
1450:^
1151:,
1147:,
706:.
690:.
647:,
643:,
639:,
554:.
514:,
506:,
385:.
303:,
291:.
264:.
2224:3
1966:e
1959:t
1952:v
1907:.
1889:.
1874:.
1859:.
1843:.
1792:.
1757:.
1394::
1299::
1262:5
1092:(
361:-
109:)
103:(
98:)
94:(
84:·
77:·
70:·
63:·
36:.
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