Tank destroyer - Knowledge

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good crew protection from artillery fire and shell splinters. However, the lack of a rotating turret limited the gun's traverse to a few degrees. This meant that the driver normally had to turn the entire tank onto its target, a much slower process than simply rotating a powered turret. If the vehicle became immobilized due to engine failure or track damage, it could not rotate its gun to counter opposing tanks, making it highly vulnerable to counterfire. This vulnerability was later exploited by opposing tank forces. Even the largest and most powerful of German tank destroyers were found abandoned on the field after a battle, having been immobilized by one or more hits by high explosive (HE) or armour-piercing (AP) shells to the track or front drive sprocket.

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vehicle carry thicker armour, and also let this armour be concentrated in the hull. Sometimes there was no armoured roof (only a weather cover) to keep the overall weight down to the limit that the chassis could bear. The absence of a turret meant that tank destroyers could be manufactured significantly cheaper, faster, and more easily than the tanks on which they were based, and they found particular favor when production resources were lacking.

854: 43: 142: 722: 1746: 1067:, mounting a short barreled Type 99 75 mm gun to provide close-in fire support. For deployment, the gun tank was intended to be used in a fire support company for each of the tank regiments. No Type 2 Ho-I gun tanks are known to have engaged in combat prior to Japan's surrender. The prototype was built in 1942 and 31 units were produced in 1944. 1577:(platoon) of Shermans one powerfully armed tank. By war's end—through the production of more Fireflies and the replacement of Shermans by British tanks—about 50% of Shermans in British service were Fireflies. The Sherman Firefly, however, is not considered a tank destroyer since it could still perform the other duties of the regular 1645:, against which it competed. Those facts suggest that the Mareșal would have been an effective tank destroyer, had it been deployed into combat. There were, however, also critics of the vehicle, especially among high-ranking Romanian officials. It never saw action because the invading Soviet army had stopped its production. 1362:

gun of the M36 proved effective against the frontal armour of Germans' larger armored vehicles at long range. The open top and light armour made these tank destroyers vulnerable to anything greater than small-arms fire. As the number of German tanks encountered by American forces steadily decreased

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All American tank destroyers were officially known by exactly the same collective term used for American self-propelled artillery ordnance, "gun motor carriage". The designs were intended to be very mobile and heavily armed. Most of the tank-hull based designs used special open-topped turrets of a

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The decision of German armoured vehicle designers to use a casemate-style superstructure for all tank destroyers had the advantage of a reduced silhouette, allowing the crew to more frequently fire from defilade ambush positions. Such designs were also easier and faster to manufacture and offered

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in a completely enclosed armored casemate to address the issue of crew protection in close combat. The welded superstructure had sloped armour and the gun mount had additional stamped armour plate. The total number produced of all three types in the Ho-Ni series were 111 units. Most of the Ho-Ni

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frame, was developed to support front-line infantry, and therefore had fixed armament: a 75 mm gun in casemate. However, thanks to its low height (185 cm) and the caliber of its gun the 75/18 also had good results in anti-tank combat, fighting against British and American (but not Soviet) units.

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vehicle designs' superstructure, to completely enclose the crew. It was employed in infantry support and offensive armoured operations as well as in the defensive anti-tank role. The StuG III assault gun was Germany's most-produced fully tracked armoured fighting vehicle during World War II, and

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that fired both anti-tank and high explosive ammunition) that had a longer barrel than could be mounted in a turreted tank on the same chassis. The lack of a turret increased the vehicle's internal volume, allowing for increased ammunition stowage and crew comfort. Eliminating the turret let the

1199:, built on the KV-1s chassis and shared many similarities (including its gun) with the ISU-152. The ISU-152 built as a heavy assault gun, relied on the weight of the shell fired from its M-1937/43 howitzer to defeat tanks. In 1943, the Soviets also shifted all production of light tanks like the 972: 1964:

smoothbore cannon while the PTL02, developed by NORINCO for the PLA's new light (rapid reaction) mechanized infantry divisions, carries a 100 millimeters (3.9 in) one (a version armed with a 105 mm rifled gun is available for export). The PTL02 is built on the 6×6 wheeled chassis of the

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The self-propelled guns that were built in the "tank destroyer" mould came about through the desire to field the QF 17 pounder anti-tank gun and simultaneous lack of suitable standard tanks to carry it. As a result, they were of a somewhat extemporized nature. Mounting the gun on the

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in the first two decades of the 21st century has seen the emergence of gun-armed wheeled vehicles, sometimes called "protected gun systems", which may bear a superficial resemblance to tank destroyers, but are employed as direct fire support units typically providing support in

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rounds. Given its breech loader, the maximum rate of fire was only 5 rounds per minute. The gun's elevation was restricted to 30 degrees by the construction of the chassis. Other design issues included the fact that although the gun crew was protected by a

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on the ground, fighting cohesively. American tank destroyer battalions comprised three tank destroyer companies supported by nine security sections. The single-purpose tactics of the tank destroyer battalion failed to account for non-tank threats.

1554:. Although a number were ordered and fifty delivered in 1942, they were not put into service as the immediate threat passed. The design was rejected in favor of developing a 17 pounder armed Cromwell tank variant, ultimately leading to the 1243:

tactics, and U.S. units expected to face large numbers of German tanks, attacking on relatively narrow fronts. These were expected to break through a thin screen of anti-tank guns, hence the decision that the main anti-tank units—the

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was not particularly critical, while the lower silhouette was highly desirable. The turretless design allowed accommodation of a more powerful gun, typically a dedicated anti-tank gun (in lieu of a regular tank's general-purpose

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Irwin, pp. 61–62: Even the U.S. M4 Sherman could disable a Jagdpanther's track or fracture the front drive sprocket with a 75 mm HE shell. As the crew abandoned their vehicle, they were easy targets for enemy machinegun

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and can bring a large concentration of accurate and lethal fire to bear on an attacking enemy unit that uses AFVs. They can be complemented by mobile units of AH-64 Apache helicopters armed with Hellfire antitank missiles.

791:. Introduced in mid-1944, the Jagdpanther, of which some 415 examples were produced, was considered the best of the casemate-design Jagdpanzer designs. It featured the same powerful PaK 43 88 mm cannon used on the unwieldy 1351:, which mounted a 105 mm T5E1 long-barrel cannon. This gun had a maximum firing range of 12 miles (20 km), and the vehicle was originally designed as a very heavily armoured self-propelled assault gun to breach Germany's 1087:

with armour thickness of 25 mm at the front, the shield only extended a very short distance on the sides; leaving the rest of the sides and back exposed. They were rushed into service, deployed and saw combat during the

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carried more effective weapons than the tanks on which they were based, they were generally lacking in protection for the crew, having thinly armoured open-topped superstructures. The "open-topped" design format of the

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offensive and defensive capabilities and performing all primary tasks of the armoured troops, the tank destroyer is specifically designed to take on enemy tanks and other armoured fighting vehicles. Many are based on a

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tanks. Having faced big problems against Soviet T-34 and KV-1 tanks on the Eastern Front, the Romanian Army leadership sought for ways to improve its anti-tank capabilities. The initial plan was the creation of

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While there was a general move to a general purpose gun that was usable against both tanks and in supporting infantry, there was a need to put the 17 pdr into a tank for use against the enemy's heavy tanks. The

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Dedicated anti-tank vehicles made their first major appearance in the Second World War as combatants developed effective armoured vehicles and tactics. Some were little more than stopgap solutions, mounting an

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gun became ineffective and the Kanonenjagdpanzers were retrofitted for different roles or retired. Some provisions were made for the fitting of a 105 mm cannon, and many of the vehicles were modified to fire

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was mechanically unreliable and difficult to maneuver, and once all ninety-one unturreted "Porsche Tiger" hulls/drive systems were converted, no more were built. The German Army had more success with the

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growing to the forty to seventy-tonne range, airborne forces were unable to deploy reasonable anti-tank forces. The result was a number of attempts to make a light vehicle, including the conventional

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vehicles. The results were smaller, lighter, and simpler to build weapons that could carry larger guns than any contemporary tank, including the King Tiger. The Soviets produced high numbers of the

1637:. Standing at only around 1.5 m tall, which would have made it very difficult to hit for its enemies, the Mareșal was a lightly armored, but highly mobile vehicle. It was armed with the Romanian 1248:—should be concentrated and very mobile. In practice, such German attacks rarely happened. Throughout the war, only one battalion ever fought in an engagement like that originally envisaged (the 748:("hunting tanks"), which mounted the gun in true casemate-style superstructures, completely enclosing the crew compartment in armor that was usually integral to the hull. The first of these 568:

vehicle, that were very different in spite of being based on the same chassis: Marder was straightforwardly an anti-tank gun on tracks whereas the Jagdpanzer 38 traded some firepower (its

1121: 1562:"heavy assault tank", intended for use in breaking through fixed defensive lines, was well armoured and had a very powerful 32-pounder (94 mm) gun, but did not reach service use. 682:

medium tank and later German tanks had more armour than their tank counterparts. One of the more successful German tank destroyers was designed as a self-propelled artillery gun, the

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anti-tank gun, which proved to be among the best of its class during World War II, according to Mark Axworthy. During tests, the Mareșal proved to be superior in many aspects to the

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The M3 was first used against the Japanese in the Philippines and then in the Tunisian campaign of the war in North Africa. Some were supplied to British units who used them within

1803:, which were capable of installation on almost any vehicle in the 1960s, the concept of the tank destroyer has morphed into light vehicles with missiles. With the weight of 1858:

have also added anti-tank capability to the modern battlefield. But there are still dedicated anti-tank vehicles with very heavy long-range missiles, and ones intended for

997:. The plan was for the Type 1 Ho-Ni I gun tank to form part of a fire support company in each of the tank regiments. The Type 1 Ho-Ni I was developed by using the existing 1289:

differing design from the original tank it was based on, which was meant to both save weight and to accommodate a larger gun. The earliest expedient design was mounting a

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on a tracked vehicle to give mobility, while others were more sophisticated designs. An example of the development of tank destroyer technology throughout the war are the

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By far the most common US design, and the first that was fully tracked and turreted (which became the American hallmark of World War II "tank destroyer" design) was the

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The closest the British came to developing an armoured tank destroyer in the vein of the German Jagdpanzers or Soviet ISU series was the Churchill 3-inch gun carrier—a

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self-propelled guns, which used the same drive train. The SU-76 was originally designed as an anti-tank vehicle, but was soon relegated to the infantry-support role.

572:, designed to operate within the confines of a fully armoured fighting compartment, fires the same projectiles from a reduced propellant charge compared to Marder's 1507:

tank chassis. In October 1942 it was decided to progress using the Valentine chassis with a 17-pdr (which would become Archer) and 25-pdr (which entered service as

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vehicles were produced, barely matching the total number of the earlier Ferdinand / Elefant vehicles. They were first deployed to combat units in September 1944.

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Chinese-built PTL-02 tank destroyer armed with a 100 millimeters (3.9 in) cannon, being used by the Senegalese military near the Gambian border in 2017.

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and had a slightly changed superstructure as far as the side armor with re-positioned observation visors. Production began in 1943, with only 54 completed.

1256:). The Tank Destroyer Command eventually numbered over 100,000 men and 80 battalions each equipped with 36 self-propelled tank destroyers or towed guns. 1137:

designs mounted anti-tank guns, with limited traverse in casemate-style turretless hulls, in a general design format looking much like the Germans' own

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was originally fitted with a short barreled low-velocity howitzer-like gun, and was assigned to the artillery arm for infantry fire support as an

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artillery tractor. Other French tank destroyers were being developed, including the SOMUA SAu-40, ARL V39 and various ad hoc conversions of the

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Facing an increasingly defensive war, the German Army turned to larger and more powerfully armed Jagdpanzer designs, and in July 1944 the first

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The expectation that German tanks would be engaged in mass formation was a failed assumption. In reality, German attacks effectively used

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In the 1950s the goal of providing airborne forces with a parachute-capable self-propelled anti-tank weapon led to the deployment of the

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for fire support. The M6 GMC was unarmoured and the 37 mm gun was ineffective against most enemy tanks by the time it entered service.

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superstructures. When a tank destroyer was used against enemy tanks from a defensive position such as by ambush, the lack of a rotating

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The hulls had been built by Porsche in expectation of selection as a heavy tank but had been rejected in favour of what became the

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gun in a roofless open turret. The M36 Jackson GMC possessed the only American-origin operational gun that could rival the German

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In the face of the Warsaw Pact, a general need for extra firepower was identified. In the late 1960s, West Germany developed the

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when that became available. There was extra impetus given to the development of anti-tank weaponry, which culminated in the 76mm

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by TDs was emphasized, both to penetrate thinner enemy side armour, and to reduce the likelihood of accurate enemy return fire.

623:("Tank Hunters"), which mounted an existing anti-tank gun on a convenient chassis for mobility, usually with just a three-sided 2773: 944:) due to its lower height. As manufacturing began in 1943, the 105/25 was used by German forces. A further development was the 2732: 2503: 2405: 1724:) was an attempt to quickly build a light tank destroyer by mounting a 47 mm SA37 anti-tank gun onto a lightly armoured 107: 79: 2016: 417: 309: 2751: 2710: 2691: 1089: 299: 221: 1281:. Strong reconnaissance elements were provided so that TDs could use pre-arranged firing positions to best advantage. 86: 2671: 2652: 2633: 2614: 2596: 2415: 1665: 893: 808:

rolled off the production line; it was the heaviest German armoured fighting vehicle to go into active service. The

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Despite the proliferation of ATGMs, some gun-armed tank destroyers remain in use. China has developed the tracked

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throughout the war, most battalions were split up and assigned to infantry units as supporting arms, fighting as

871: 60: 1531:, which was delayed until post war before entering service. A cut-down 17 pdr, the 77mmHV was used to equip the 1331:, based on a unique hull and powertrain design, with a slight visual resemblance to what was used for the later 93: 2554:

A. Jońca, R. Szubański, J. Tarczyński, Wrzesień 1939 Pojazdy Wojska Polskiego, Wyd. WKiŁ, Warszawa 1990, s. 72.

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from its 1938 origin used a new casemate-style superstructure with an integrated design, similar to the later

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and counterpart British designs were very different in conception. U.S. doctrine was based, in light of the

1638: 239: 206: 160: 75: 1987:, operating as an amphibious light tank/tank destroyer armed with a 125 millimeters (4.9 in) cannon. 1704:. They were used as an anti-tank component of the reconnaissance units. There were also 37 mm armed 1622:; instead, Romania went for a number of tank destroyers, since they were more adequate for its industry. 1487:

In 1942 the General Staff agreed on investigating self-propelled mountings of the 6-pounder, 17-pounder,

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with frontal and side armour only. They entered service in 1942 and were first deployed in combat at the

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light tanks respectively. Both of them saw action. One TACAM R-2 survives today and is displayed at the

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which mounted the US 37 mm anti-tank gun facing to the rear on the bed of a Dodge 3/4-ton light truck.

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light tank. The M18 came closest to the US ideal; the vehicle was very fast, small, and mounted a

1831:, armed with a current-issue 125 mm tank gun that is also capable of launching missiles like the 1469: 1453: 1064: 1006: 864: 269: 53: 2315: 1179:, both of which had impressive anti-tank capabilities earning each of them the Russian nickname 1870: 1438: 1128: 1075: 1025: 986: 948:, which had a longer gun than the 75/18 and inclined armour 100 mm thick, making it similar to 926: 778:

completely enclosing the gun and firing crew in the added casemate, as the later purpose-built

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and vehicles adapted to mount artillery, including anti-tank self-propelled guns such as the

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The most famous Italian tank destroyer of the Second World War was a self-propelled gun. The

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Except for most American designs, all tank destroyers were turretless vehicles with fixed or

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tankettes up-armed with 20 mm gun (23–26 vehicles) were operationally deployed in the

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design) equipped with a gun capable of use against contemporary enemy tanks—the 40 mm

1348: 1253: 495: 319: 314: 264: 201: 1712:(4 experimental vehicles). It is not certain whether they were used operationally at all. 1676:, Romania's only turreted tank destroyer. Two other proposed tank destroyers existed: the 1642: 949: 684: 636: 8: 1456:(17pdr on tracked chassis) and US-supplied vehicles, were their preserve rather than the 994: 933: 354: 183: 1720:

Due to the quick defeat of France, few French vehicles were built. The Laffly W15 TCC (

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light tank chassis, saw action in Africa and in Russia, but with disappointing results.

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in place of a main gun. These upgraded variants remained in service into the 1990s.

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or being used essentially as tanks. In this sense they were an alternative to the

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self-propelled artillery used a modified Type 97 chassis. On to this platform, a

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are commonly used for supplementary long-range anti-tank work. The resurgence of

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Third Axis Fourth Ally: Romanian Armed Forces in the European War, 1941-1945

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The Tank Killers: A History of America's World War II Tank Destroyer Force.

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Until 1942, the Romanian tank force was equipped exclusively with obsolete

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combined arms battalion has two infantry companies with TOW missile-armed

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second-most produced German armoured combat vehicle of any type after the

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casemate style tank destroyer. The Panzerjäger series continued up to the

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Seek, Strike and Destroy: US Army Tank Destroyer Doctrine in World War II

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chassis with a boxy superstructure in place of the turret and mounting a

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Self-propelled 17pdr, Valentine, Mk I, Archer. The gun faced to the rear.

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anti-tank guns were mounted on modified Panzer II chassis, producing the

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light tanks were modified by removing the turret and were rebuilt as the

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and Mark Axworthy state that it inspired the design of the later German

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in appearance. The 17 pounder was also used to re-equip the US-supplied

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A British Achilles self-propelled anti-tank gun on the east bank of the

827: 762:), based on the chassis, hulls, and drive systems of ninety-one Porsche 2475: 2463: 1925: 1832: 1769: 1765: 1725: 1681: 1653: 1578: 1555: 1532: 1492: 1473: 1324: 1240: 1084: 1002: 960: 878: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 744: 715: 706: 679: 660: 624: 561: 491: 387: 372: 362: 774:

had with their added-on armour shielding for the gun crew, but in the

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light assault vehicle. The recent entries into that category are the

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There have also been dedicated anti-tank vehicles built on ordinary

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self-propelled anti-tank gun. The most common mounting was a German

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Armoured fighting vehicle designed to engage and destroy enemy tanks

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The first US tank destroyer was a 75 mm gun on a half-track chassis

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Military Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineers and Signal Corps

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is probably the best known Romanian AFV from the war; historians

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The Sabrah Pandur II is a wheeled tank destroyer variant of the

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a few shots were expected to be fired from any firing position

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Axworthy, Mark; Scafeș, Cornel; Crăciunoiu, Cristian (1995).

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was a project to bring a 17 pdr tank into use to support the

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was mounted. The main gun could fire Type 88 APHE rounds and

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The Complete Guide to Tanks & Armoured Fighting Vehicles

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IFV. India fielded NAMIS (Nag Missile System) equipped with

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heavy tank were instead used to produce the heavier-hitting

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by adding the QF 17 pounder gun. Initially this gave each

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gun. As Soviet designs became more heavily armoured, the

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medium tank; the heavier-duty powertrain and hull of the

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in 1945. Some were used in static entrenched positions.

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List of tank destroyer units of the United States Army

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tanks were used on the eastern front. Captured Soviet

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article on early US Army concepts for tank destroyers

2100:, New York: Random House Publishers (2002), pp. 61–61 1843:

by 2022 armed with an Elbit Turret and a 105 mm gun.

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self-propelled guns based on the same chassis as the

663:. The Panzer 38(t) chassis was also used to make the 2322: 2291: 2279: 2264: 2187: 2172: 2160: 2148: 2066: 1939: 1932:Missile carrying vehicles are often referred to as 1523:. Delays led to it being outnumbered in use by the 1480:, replacing the American 3-inch gun to produce the 1044:to form part of the defenses against the projected 770:cannon in an added casemate, more like the earlier 700:, enabling it to function as a tank destroyer. The 67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2621: 1491:guns and the 25-pounder field gun/howitzer on the 1417:British tanks in the early years of the war, both 1371:that were attached to various Infantry Divisions. 1024:A variant, known as the Type 1 Ho-Ni II mounted a 1472:, looking somewhat like the light-chassis German 2792: 2577: 2129:Giusti, Arturo; Pantelic, Marko (28 July 2021). 1740: 1620:a tank comparable in characteristics to the T-34 1452:(6pdr on an armoured wheeled truck chassis) and 1343:anti-tank gun and its tank mounted variant, the 627:for crew protection. For instance, 202 obsolete 1708:(2 experimental vehicles) and 47 mm armed 1100:in ones and twos for island defense during the 985:was the first self-propelled gun design of the 2744:M4 Sherman vs Type 97 Chi-Ha: The Pacific 1945 2397: 2128: 929:, the 75/18 remained in use by German forces. 2498:. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. p. 31. 936:was equipped with a 105 mm gun and known as " 487:, often with limited operational capacities. 168: 1749:A Norwegian anti-tank platoon equipped with 1444:Towed anti-tank guns were the domain of the 820:cannon and heavy armour protection. Only 88 688:. Based on the Panzer III tank chassis, the 2661: 1960:tank destroyers. The PTZ89 is armed with a 1648:Other Romanian tank destroyers include the 1468:chassis in a fixed superstructure gave the 2580:British and American Tanks of World War II 2578:Chamberlain, Peter; Ellis, Chris (1981) . 1983:Russia, meanwhile, uses the Russian-built 1735: 1425:, were (with the exception of the pre-war 795:, now fitted to the chassis of the medium 175: 161: 1239:, on the perceived need to defeat German 1195:. The predecessor of the ISU 152 was the 1133:As with the Germans of 1943, most of the 894:Learn how and when to remove this message 127:Learn how and when to remove this message 2700: 2496:Tanks of Hitler's Eastern Allies 1941-45 2364: 1943: 1756: 1744: 1588: 1537: 1401: 1266: 1258: 1217:Tank destroyer battalion (United States) 1111: 970: 905: 826: 720: 600: 464:duties. They are typically armed with a 140: 2681: 2642: 2619: 2340: 2328: 2285: 2258: 2246: 2222: 2166: 2154: 2083: 2081: 2072: 1569:in British use were being converted to 182: 14: 2793: 2741: 2719: 2543:Axworthy, Scafeș & Crăciunoiu 1995 2531:Axworthy, Scafeș & Crăciunoiu 1995 2519:Axworthy, Scafeș & Crăciunoiu 1995 2493: 2482:Axworthy, Scafeș & Crăciunoiu 1995 2470:Axworthy, Scafeș & Crăciunoiu 1995 2431: 2379: 2370: 2352: 2316:"History of War: Type 2 Ho-I Gun Tank" 2302: 2273: 2234: 2210: 2198: 2181: 1972:Italy and Spain use the Italian-built 1329:76 mm gun motor carriage M18 (Hellcat) 1001:chassis and engine, and replacing the 766:heavy tanks, mounting a long-barreled 2460:Chamberlain & Ellis, 1969. p68-69 2403: 2061:The World's Armored Fighting Vehicles 1839:, which is to enter service with the 1310:armoured car reconnaissance regiments 156: 2662:Forty, George; Livesy, Jack (2006). 2410:. DIANE Publishing. pp. 68–69. 2078: 1048:, and did not see combat before the 876:adding citations to reliable sources 847: 678:German tank destroyers based on the 65:adding citations to reliable sources 36: 2017:Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon 1905:series built on the chassis of the 1873:chassis. Examples include the U.S. 1433:. This was replaced with the 57 mm 1358:Of these tank destroyers, only the 1096:. Remaining units were deployed to 1031:The other variant produced was the 418:Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon 24: 2645:Tanks: Main battle and light tanks 1976:, a wheeled tank destroyer with a 1293:in a limited-traverse mount on an 25: 2817: 2762: 2666:. London: Anness Publishing Ltd. 1940:Postwar gun-based tank destroyers 1799:With the development of flexible 1397: 1203:to much simpler and better-armed 816:heavy tank featured a very large 2059:von Senger and Etterlin (1960), 1893:reconnaissance car, the British 1210: 852: 41: 2557: 2548: 2487: 2454: 2440: 2388: 2308: 1875:M901 ITV (Improved TOW Vehicle) 1854:in every infantry platoon, and 1390:. The concept later led to the 1107: 1040:units were retained within the 863:needs additional citations for 550: 52:needs additional citations for 2448:"S-P 17pdr, Archer (E1969.43)" 2404:Gabel, Christopher R. (1985). 2122: 2112: 2103: 2090: 2053: 2034: 1246:Tank Destroyer (TD) battalions 1063:chassis. It was designed as a 742:vehicles was succeeded by the 149:in Belgium during World War II 13: 1: 2570: 2437:Forty and Livesey 2006 p. 116 2394:Forty and Livesey 2006 p. 117 2385:Forty and Livesey 2006 p. 392 2376:Forty and Livesey 2006 p. 329 1815:, the recoilless rifle-armed 1741:Missile-based tank destroyers 1672:. Another conversion was the 1535:in the last year of the war. 1394:light tank of the mid-1960s. 1317:3-inch gun motor carriage M10 932:Built on the same frame, the 490:While tanks are designed for 460:, predominantly intended for 2087:Forty and Livesey 2006 p. 33 1936:instead of tank destroyers. 1889:ATGM launchers based on the 1656:, which were converted from 1327:hull and powertrain—and the 1321:90 mm gun motor carriage M36 1319:, later supplemented by the 522:. However, lightly armoured 511:, while others are wheeled. 473:self-propelled anti-tank gun 18:Self-propelled anti-tank gun 7: 2628:. London: Blandford Press. 2591:. London: Arms and Armour. 2098:Another River, Another Town 2005: 1768:-armed ATGM carrier of the 1505:Cavalier (Cruiser Mark VII) 1369:Independent tank battalions 1299:75 mm gun motor carriage M3 655:anti-tank gun on the Czech 10: 2822: 2742:Zaloga, Steven J. (2012). 2703:Armoured Fighting Vehicles 2494:Zaloga, Steven J. (2013). 2002:'s future combat systems. 1934:anti-tank missile carriers 1867:armoured personnel carrier 1848:infantry fighting vehicles 1584: 1517:Cruiser Mk VIII Challenger 1224: 1214: 1126: 999:Type 97 Chi-Ha medium tank 733:Although the early German 596: 29: 2701:Trewhitt, Philip (1999). 2682:Tomczyk, Andrzej (2007). 2609:Havertown, PA: Casemate. 2343:, pp. 11, 13, 23–26. 2131:"Semovente M43 da 105/25" 1715: 1687: 1565:By 1944, a number of the 1061:Type 1 Chi-He medium tank 617:tank destroyers were the 539:, as was done in wars in 481:anti-tank missile carrier 458:armoured fighting vehicle 353: 230: 192: 2624:Soviet Armour Since 1945 2027: 2022:Self-propelled artillery 1666:National Military Museum 1552:3-inch anti-aircraft gun 1297:, which was designated 1227:Self-propelled artillery 993:and tank destroyers for 991:self-propelled artillery 989:. They were meant to be 966: 843: 537:low-intensity operations 524:anti-tank guided missile 433:Multiple rocket launcher 423:Self-propelled artillery 32:Self-propelled artillery 2643:Gelbart, Marsh (1996). 2620:Perrett, Bryan (1987). 2521:, p. 228-235, 237. 1835:, and Israeli-modified 1736:Subsequent developments 1692:Variants of the Polish 1076:Type 38 150 mm howitzer 1065:self-propelled howitzer 1026:Type 91 105 mm howitzer 1007:Type 90 75 mm field gun 2779:Tanks Can Be Destroyed 2725:Japanese Tanks 1939–45 1949: 1772: 1754: 1602: 1595:Mareșal tank destroyer 1543: 1439:Ordnance QF 17 pounder 1414: 1274: 1264: 1129:Samokhodnaya Ustanovka 1124: 987:Imperial Japanese Army 978: 913: 836: 730: 610: 150: 2746:. Osprey Publishing. 2684:Japanese Armor Vol. 5 2647:. London: Brassey's. 2135:The Tank Encyclopedia 1947: 1760: 1753:TOW missile launchers 1748: 1592: 1541: 1521:Cromwell cruiser tank 1435:Ordnance QF 6 pounder 1431:Ordnance QF 2 pounder 1405: 1303:M6 gun motor carriage 1291:75 mm M1897 field gun 1270: 1262: 1115: 1042:Japanese home islands 1037:Type 3 75 mm tank gun 974: 909: 830: 724: 604: 532:expeditionary warfare 428:Self-propelled mortar 144: 2605:Harry Yeide, (2005) 1819:, and missile-armed 1458:Royal Armoured Corps 1349:T28 super-heavy tank 1254:Battle of El Guettar 1092:in the last year of 1090:Philippines Campaign 872:improve this article 782:would. However, the 496:operational mobility 61:improve this article 2786:Tank Destroyer List 2563:Gelbart 1996 p137-8 1823:armoured truck and 1323:—both based on the 1009:mounted in an open 934:Semovente da 105/25 185:History of the tank 147:M10 tank destroyers 2582:. Arco Publishing. 2545:, p. 225-228. 2533:, p. 221-225. 2355:, pp. 38, 39. 2237:, pp. 19, 21. 2225:, pp. 10, 20. 1998:of Israel for the 1950: 1877:and the Norwegian 1856:attack helicopters 1852:anti-tank missiles 1801:anti-tank missiles 1773: 1755: 1702:invasion of Poland 1639:75 mm Reșița M1943 1603: 1544: 1478:M10 tank destroyer 1415: 1275: 1272:M10 tank destroyer 1265: 1125: 1059:Gun tank used the 1050:surrender of Japan 1035:, which mounted a 995:armoured divisions 979: 946:Semovente da 75/46 918:Semovente da 75/18 914: 911:Semovente da 75/18 837: 731: 611: 494:combat, combining 471:, also known as a 151: 2806:Anti-tank weapons 2769:Tankdestroyer.net 2734:978-1-8460-3091-8 2721:Zaloga, Steven J. 2505:978-1-78096-020-3 2249:, pp. 9, 27. 2213:, pp. 37–39. 1994:developed by the 1992:Sabrah light tank 1903:Raketenjagdpanzer 1885:chassis, several 1805:main battle tanks 1777:Kanonenjagdpanzer 1722:Chasseur de chars 1571:Sherman Fireflies 1482:17pdr SP Achilles 1412:Operation Plunder 1102:Battle of Okinawa 1046:American invasion 927:Armistice of 1943 904: 903: 896: 812:was based on the 752:s was the 70-ton 702:Sturmgeschütz III 690:Sturmgeschütz III 685:Sturmgeschütz III 520:main battle tanks 479:, also called an 441: 440: 137: 136: 129: 111: 16:(Redirected from 2813: 2757: 2738: 2716: 2705:. Dempsey-Parr. 2697: 2677: 2658: 2639: 2627: 2602: 2583: 2564: 2561: 2555: 2552: 2546: 2540: 2534: 2528: 2522: 2516: 2510: 2509: 2491: 2485: 2479: 2473: 2467: 2461: 2458: 2452: 2451: 2444: 2438: 2435: 2429: 2428: 2426: 2424: 2401: 2395: 2392: 2386: 2383: 2377: 2374: 2368: 2362: 2356: 2350: 2344: 2338: 2332: 2326: 2320: 2319: 2312: 2306: 2300: 2289: 2283: 2277: 2271: 2262: 2256: 2250: 2244: 2238: 2232: 2226: 2220: 2214: 2208: 2202: 2196: 2185: 2179: 2170: 2164: 2158: 2152: 2146: 2145: 2143: 2141: 2126: 2120: 2116: 2110: 2109:Irwin, pp. 61–61 2107: 2101: 2094: 2088: 2085: 2076: 2070: 2064: 2057: 2045: 2038: 2012:Armoured warfare 1979: 1963: 1956:and the wheeled 1786: 1782: 1361: 1338: 1174: 1166: 1151: 1144: 1033:Type 3 Ho-Ni III 976:Type 3 Ho-Ni III 899: 892: 888: 885: 879: 856: 848: 670: 654: 646: 477:missile launcher 398:Main battle tank 378:Super-heavy tank 186: 177: 170: 163: 154: 153: 132: 125: 121: 118: 112: 110: 76:"Tank destroyer" 69: 45: 37: 21: 2821: 2820: 2816: 2815: 2814: 2812: 2811: 2810: 2801:Tank destroyers 2791: 2790: 2775:Popular Science 2765: 2760: 2754: 2735: 2713: 2694: 2674: 2655: 2636: 2599: 2573: 2568: 2567: 2562: 2558: 2553: 2549: 2541: 2537: 2529: 2525: 2517: 2513: 2506: 2492: 2488: 2480: 2476: 2468: 2464: 2459: 2455: 2446: 2445: 2441: 2436: 2432: 2422: 2420: 2418: 2402: 2398: 2393: 2389: 2384: 2380: 2375: 2371: 2363: 2359: 2351: 2347: 2339: 2335: 2327: 2323: 2314: 2313: 2309: 2301: 2292: 2284: 2280: 2272: 2265: 2261:, pp. 7–8. 2257: 2253: 2245: 2241: 2233: 2229: 2221: 2217: 2209: 2205: 2197: 2188: 2180: 2173: 2165: 2161: 2153: 2149: 2139: 2137: 2127: 2123: 2117: 2113: 2108: 2104: 2096:Irwin, John P. 2095: 2091: 2086: 2079: 2071: 2067: 2058: 2054: 2049: 2048: 2039: 2035: 2030: 2008: 2000:Philippine Army 1977: 1961: 1942: 1901:and the German 1895:FV438 Swingfire 1841:Philippine Army 1784: 1780: 1743: 1738: 1718: 1690: 1587: 1525:Sherman Firefly 1446:Royal Artillery 1400: 1359: 1336: 1230: 1223: 1215:Main articles: 1213: 1172: 1164: 1149: 1142: 1131: 1110: 1015:Battle of Luzon 969: 940:" (Italian for 920:, based on the 900: 889: 883: 880: 869: 857: 846: 756:(later renamed 668: 659:chassis as the 652: 644: 635:self-propelled 599: 553: 442: 437: 349: 226: 188: 184: 181: 133: 122: 116: 113: 70: 68: 58: 46: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 2819: 2809: 2808: 2803: 2789: 2788: 2783: 2777:, April 1940, 2771: 2764: 2763:External links 2761: 2759: 2758: 2753:978-1849086387 2752: 2739: 2733: 2717: 2712:978-1840843286 2711: 2698: 2693:978-8372371799 2692: 2679: 2672: 2659: 2653: 2640: 2634: 2617: 2603: 2597: 2584: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2566: 2565: 2556: 2547: 2535: 2523: 2511: 2504: 2486: 2484:, p. 233. 2474: 2472:, p. 221. 2462: 2453: 2439: 2430: 2416: 2396: 2387: 2378: 2369: 2367:, p. 108. 2357: 2345: 2333: 2321: 2307: 2290: 2278: 2263: 2251: 2239: 2227: 2215: 2203: 2186: 2171: 2159: 2147: 2121: 2111: 2102: 2089: 2077: 2065: 2051: 2050: 2047: 2046: 2032: 2031: 2029: 2026: 2025: 2024: 2019: 2014: 2007: 2004: 1941: 1938: 1742: 1739: 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1935: 1930: 1927: 1923: 1918: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1899:FV102 Striker 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1881:, both on an 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1863: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1850:(IFVs) carry 1849: 1846:Many forces' 1844: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1829:2S25 Sprut-SD 1826: 1822: 1821:Humber Hornet 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1797: 1795: 1791: 1778: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1762:Mowag Piranha 1759: 1752: 1747: 1733: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1713: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1685: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1646: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1631:Steven Zaloga 1628: 1623: 1621: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1600: 1596: 1593:The Romanian 1591: 1582: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1563: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1540: 1536: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1512: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1485: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1461: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1442: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1423:cruiser tanks 1420: 1413: 1409: 1404: 1395: 1393: 1392:M551 Sheridan 1389: 1385: 1380: 1377: 1376:combined arms 1372: 1370: 1366: 1356: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1341:8.8 cm Pak 43 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1313: 1311: 1306: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1295:M3 half-track 1292: 1286: 1284: 1283:Flanking fire 1280: 1273: 1269: 1261: 1257: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1228: 1222: 1218: 1211:United States 1208: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1170: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1147: 1140: 1136: 1130: 1123: 1119: 1114: 1105: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1086: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1068: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1053: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1038: 1034: 1029: 1027: 1022: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 984: 977: 973: 964: 962: 958: 954: 952: 951:Sturmgeschütz 947: 943: 939: 935: 930: 928: 923: 919: 912: 908: 898: 895: 887: 877: 873: 867: 866: 861:This section 859: 855: 850: 849: 841: 835: 834: 829: 825: 823: 819: 818:128 mm PaK 44 815: 811: 807: 806: 800: 798: 794: 790: 785: 781: 777: 773: 769: 765: 761: 760: 755: 751: 747: 746: 741: 736: 729: 728: 723: 719: 717: 714: 709: 708: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 686: 681: 676: 674: 666: 665:Jagdpanzer 38 662: 658: 650: 642: 639:. Similarly, 638: 637:4.7 cm PaK(t) 634: 633:Panzerjäger I 630: 626: 622: 621: 616: 609: 608: 607:Panzerjäger I 603: 594: 591: 586: 582: 577: 575: 574:7.5 cm Pak 40 571: 570:7.5 cm Pak 39 567: 566:Jagdpanzer 38 563: 559: 558:anti-tank gun 548: 546: 542: 538: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 512: 510: 506: 501: 497: 493: 488: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 469:artillery gun 467: 463: 459: 456:is a type of 455: 451: 447: 434: 431: 429: 426: 424: 421: 419: 416: 414: 411: 409: 406: 404: 401: 399: 396: 394: 393:Infantry tank 391: 389: 386: 384: 381: 379: 376: 374: 371: 369: 366: 364: 361: 360: 358: 356: 352: 346: 343: 341: 340:United States 338: 336: 333: 331: 328: 326: 323: 321: 318: 316: 313: 311: 308: 306: 303: 301: 298: 296: 293: 291: 288: 286: 283: 281: 278: 276: 273: 271: 268: 266: 263: 261: 258: 256: 253: 251: 248: 246: 243: 241: 238: 237: 235: 233: 229: 223: 222:Post–Cold War 220: 218: 215: 213: 210: 208: 205: 203: 200: 199: 197: 195: 191: 187: 178: 173: 171: 166: 164: 159: 158: 155: 148: 145:Two American 143: 139: 131: 128: 120: 109: 106: 102: 99: 95: 92: 88: 85: 81: 78: – 77: 73: 72:Find sources: 66: 62: 56: 55: 50:This article 48: 44: 39: 38: 33: 19: 2778: 2774: 2743: 2724: 2702: 2686:. AJ Press. 2683: 2663: 2644: 2623: 2606: 2588: 2579: 2559: 2550: 2538: 2526: 2514: 2495: 2489: 2477: 2465: 2456: 2442: 2433: 2421:. Retrieved 2406: 2399: 2390: 2381: 2372: 2360: 2348: 2341:Tomczyk 2007 2336: 2331:, p. 9. 2329:Tomczyk 2007 2324: 2310: 2288:, p. 8. 2286:Tomczyk 2007 2281: 2259:Tomczyk 2007 2254: 2247:Tomczyk 2007 2242: 2230: 2223:Tomczyk 2007 2218: 2206: 2169:, p. 3. 2167:Tomczyk 2007 2162: 2155:Tomczyk 2007 2150: 2138:. 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Osprey. 2571:References 2140:24 January 1837:Pandur IIs 1833:9M119 Svir 1770:Swiss Army 1682:TACAM T-38 1654:TACAM T-60 1643:StuG III G 1601:'s design. 1579:M4 Sherman 1556:Comet tank 1533:Comet tank 1493:Matilda II 1474:Marder III 1410:following 1355:defenses. 1325:M4 Sherman 1241:blitzkrieg 1139:Jagdpanzer 1085:gun shield 1003:gun turret 925:After the 764:VK4501 (P) 750:Jagdpanzer 745:Jagdpanzer 716:half-track 707:Jagdpanzer 680:Panzer III 661:Marder III 625:gun shield 613:The first 562:Marder III 492:front-line 388:Flame tank 373:Heavy tank 363:Light tank 117:March 2009 87:newspapers 1678:TACAM R-1 1670:Bucharest 1650:TACAM R-2 1497:Valentine 1427:Matilda I 1388:M50 Ontos 1252:, at the 1233:U.S. Army 942:dachshund 833:Jagdtiger 822:Jagdtiger 810:Jagdtiger 805:Jagdtiger 784:Ferdinand 776:Ferdinand 754:Ferdinand 671:equipped 649:Marder II 641:Panzer II 462:anti-tank 240:Australia 2723:(2007). 2006:See also 1980:cannon. 1860:airborne 1825:Sheridan 1764:–based, 1674:VDC R-35 1567:Shermans 1560:Tortoise 1501:Crusader 1193:Elefants 1189:Panthers 1181:Zveroboy 1011:casemate 938:bassotto 814:Tiger II 629:Panzer I 590:main gun 581:casemate 528:carriers 500:tactical 408:Tankette 217:Cold War 207:Interwar 2063:, p. 9. 2042:Tiger I 1922:US Army 1627:Mareșal 1585:Romania 1529:Avenger 1177:ISU-152 1175:-armed 1169:ISU-122 1167:-armed 1120:in the 1116:Soviet 1098:Okinawa 1017:in the 1005:with a 793:Elefant 759:Elefant 673:Nashorn 645:76.2 mm 597:Germany 526:(ATGM) 509:chassis 505:tracked 345:Ukraine 280:Germany 232:Country 101:scholar 2750: 2731: 2709: 2690: 2670: 2651: 2632: 2613: 2595: 2502: 2414: 1978:105 mm 1962:120 mm 1911:Marder 1887:Soviet 1809:ASU-85 1716:France 1688:Poland 1635:Hetzer 1599:Hetzer 1558:. The 1509:Bishop 1470:Archer 1454:Archer 1450:Deacon 1197:SU-152 1185:Tigers 1173:152 mm 1165:122 mm 1153:SU-100 1150:100 mm 1135:Soviet 1118:SU-100 922:M13/40 615:German 585:turret 514:Since 335:Sweden 310:Poland 300:Israel 275:France 260:Canada 103: 96: 89: 82: 74: 2423:4 May 2119:fire. 2028:Notes 1969:APC. 1967:WZ551 1958:PTL02 1954:PTZ89 1907:HS 30 1879:NM142 1862:use. 1817:Ontos 1785:90 mm 1781:90 mm 1751:NM142 1706:TKS-D 1575:troop 1408:Rhine 1360:90 mm 1337:76 mm 1277:Only 1250:601st 1205:SU-76 1146:SU-85 1143:85 mm 967:Japan 961:L6/40 844:Italy 768:88 mm 669:88 mm 653:75 mm 507:tank 485:tanks 475:, or 330:Spain 305:Japan 295:Italy 255:China 108:JSTOR 94:books 2748:ISBN 2729:ISBN 2707:ISBN 2688:ISBN 2668:ISBN 2649:ISBN 2630:ISBN 2611:ISBN 2593:ISBN 2500:ISBN 2425:2015 2412:ISBN 2142:2024 1909:and 1897:and 1891:BRDM 1883:M113 1698:TK-3 1696:and 1680:and 1662:T-60 1660:and 1652:and 1625:The 1613:and 1503:and 1421:and 1386:and 1219:and 1201:T-70 1191:and 1171:and 1161:IS-2 1157:T-34 1148:and 1080:HEAT 1070:The 1055:The 981:The 564:and 543:and 541:Iraq 498:and 355:Type 290:Iraq 285:Iran 250:Cuba 80:news 1869:or 1792:or 1790:HOT 1766:TOW 1710:TKD 1694:TKS 1668:in 1658:R-2 1615:R35 1611:R-2 1607:R-1 1511:). 957:L40 953:III 874:by 452:or 194:Era 63:by 2797:: 2293:^ 2266:^ 2189:^ 2174:^ 2133:. 2080:^ 1920:A 1917:. 1811:, 1732:. 1684:. 1609:, 1499:, 1495:, 1484:. 1460:. 1187:, 1052:. 718:. 675:. 547:. 448:, 444:A 2756:. 2737:. 2715:. 2696:. 2678:. 2676:. 2657:. 2638:. 2601:. 2508:. 2450:. 2427:. 2318:. 2144:. 2044:. 1229:. 897:) 891:( 886:) 882:( 868:. 176:e 169:t 162:v 130:) 124:( 119:) 115:( 105:· 98:· 91:· 84:· 57:. 34:. 20:)

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