1723:
371:
388:
53:
29:
328:). Understanding the most common anatomic variations of the distal portion of the external laryngeal nerve and its relation to the inferior constrictor muscle is critical and allows identifying and preserving the integrity of this nerve in most cases. The external branch is susceptible to damage during
521:
Barczyński M, Randolph GW, Cernea CR, Dralle H, Dionigi G, Alesina PF, Mihai R, Finck C, Lombardi D, Hartl DM, Miyauchi A, Serpell J, Snyder S, Volpi E, Woodson G, Kraimps JL, Hisham AN (2013). "External branch of the superior laryngeal nerve monitoring during thyroid and parathyroid surgery:
319:
A superior laryngeal nerve palsy changes the pitch of the voice and causes an inability to make explosive sounds due to paralysis of the cricothyroid muscle. If no recovery is evident three months after the palsy initially presents, the damage is most likely to be permanent. A bilateral palsy
299:. Above the vocal folds the sensory innervation of the larynx is via the internal laryngeal nerve. Below the vocal folds it is by way of branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. The vocal fold itself receives dual innervation from both nerves.
1743:
179:
The superior laryngeal nerve produces two branches: the internal laryngeal nerve (its sensory branch) which supplies sensory fibers to the laryngeal mucosa, and the external laryngeal nerve (its motor branch) which innervates the
347:. The lesion of this branch (for example, during surgery) that seeks an anterior approach to the cervix, is associated with a loss of the laryngeal reflex of cough and an elevated risk of aspiration pneumonia.
370:
244:. The external branch functions to tense the vocal cords by activating the cricothyroid muscle, increasing pitch. The external laryngeal nerve gives branches to
132:
478:
Jansson S, Tisell LE, Hagne I, Sanner E, Stenborg R, Svensson P (1988). "Partial superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) lesions before and after thyroid surgery".
1602:
1597:
1526:
1381:
1361:
1366:
967:
108:
288:, to supply the mucous membrane surrounding the entrance of the larynx, and the mucous lining of the larynx as far down as the vocal folds.
1544:
1371:
1318:
1313:
1376:
1186:
977:
1592:
905:
743:
1176:
1698:
1171:
457:
428:
165:
343:
Irritation of the internal laryngeal nerve results in uncontrolled coughing - usually as a result of food or water in the
1191:
914:
900:
340:. The ability to produce pitched sounds is then impaired along with easy voice fatigability, (usually mono-toned voice).
1549:
1181:
1159:
376:
The position and relation of the esophagus in the cervical region and in the posterior mediastinum. Seen from behind.
1666:
1497:
1492:
1448:
1443:
1154:
245:
198:
139:
1474:
1469:
566:
249:
57:
Course and distribution of the glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerves. (Branches visible in upper right.)
1671:
1582:
1623:
1587:
127:
890:
736:
1402:
445:
397:
1713:
846:
807:
173:
169:
1521:
1219:
1144:
972:
356:
296:
1659:
1514:
1509:
1099:
982:
320:
presents as a tiring and hoarse voice. It can be injured in surgery involving the removal of the
1233:
729:
337:
217:
before dividing into two branches —the external laryngeal nerve and the internal laryngeal nerve.
214:
1291:
1121:
1106:
1094:
444:
Duarte, Robert A.; Argoff, Charles E. (2009-01-01), Argoff, Charles E.; McCleane, Gary (eds.),
253:
115:
103:
34:
1753:
1562:
1349:
257:
1748:
1557:
1279:
1209:
1134:
237:
8:
1690:
1074:
992:
308:
269:
241:
181:
1722:
1149:
1069:
885:
683:
658:
634:
607:
547:
503:
285:
272:, piercing it in company with the superior laryngeal artery, and is distributed to the
1681:
1267:
1262:
1245:
935:
688:
639:
588:
539:
495:
453:
424:
402:
292:
1744:
Knowledge articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's
Anatomy (1918)
551:
1654:
1628:
1618:
1407:
1397:
1274:
1214:
1033:
1012:
1002:
955:
909:
873:
678:
670:
629:
619:
578:
531:
507:
487:
608:"Injury of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgery"
1642:
1344:
1250:
1007:
926:
822:
795:
273:
232:
The external laryngeal nerve is the smaller, external branch. It descends on the
42:
1727:
1339:
1257:
1166:
1111:
1024:
817:
761:
753:
583:
344:
333:
674:
1737:
1461:
1432:
1354:
1331:
1302:
1116:
773:
709:
393:
329:
325:
321:
120:
522:
International Neural
Monitoring Study Group standards guideline statement".
291:
A filament descends beneath the mucous membrane on the inner surface of the
1086:
1053:
856:
692:
643:
624:
592:
567:"Superior laryngeal nerve identification and preservation in thyroidectomy"
543:
499:
1421:
861:
834:
659:"Surgical anatomy of the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve"
161:
38:
714:
268:
The internal laryngeal nerve is the internal branch. It descends to the
535:
491:
277:
276:
of the larynx. Of these sensory branches, some are distributed to the
145:
721:
1574:
210:
712:
at The
Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (
1536:
281:
233:
79:
520:
284:, and the epiglottic glands; others pass posteriorly, in the
91:
1484:
446:"Chapter 19 - Glossopharyngeal and other Facial Neuralgias"
197:
The superior laryngeal nerve arises from the middle of the
52:
28:
605:
209:
The superior laryngeal nerve descends by the side of the
477:
656:
564:
1711:
423:(12th ed.). Elsevier Australia. p. 367.
1735:
606:Potenza AS, Araujo Filho VJ, Cernea CR (2017).
737:
657:Kiray A, Naderi S, Ergur I, Korman E (2006).
443:
307:The superior laryngeal nerve innervates the
650:
599:
558:
514:
263:
227:
744:
730:
471:
418:
51:
27:
682:
633:
623:
582:
565:Friedman M, LoSavio P, Ibrahim H (2002).
452:, Philadelphia: Mosby, pp. 116–118,
314:
450:Pain Management Secrets (Third Edition)
45:. ("Laryngeal" labeled at lower right.)
1736:
751:
392:This article incorporates text in the
725:
336:, as it lies immediately deep to the
362:
166:inferior ganglion of the vagus nerve
412:
164:. It arises from the middle of the
13:
14:
1765:
703:
571:Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg
1721:
386:
369:
248:and the superior portion of the
199:inferior ganglion of vagus nerve
140:Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
250:inferior pharyngeal constrictor
437:
419:Sinnatamby, Chummy S. (2011).
1:
1624:Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve
381:
252:, and communicates with the
187:
168:and additionally receives a
7:
1403:Inferior salivatory nucleus
400:of the 20th edition of
350:
302:
222:
10:
1770:
847:lateral geniculate nucleus
808:anterior olfactory nucleus
584:10.1001/archotol.128.3.296
174:superior cervical ganglion
33:Plan of upper portions of
1680:
1641:
1611:
1573:
1535:
1527:Superior cervical cardiac
1483:
1459:
1430:
1420:
1390:
1329:
1300:
1290:
1232:
1220:Superior salivary nucleus
1202:
1132:
1083:
1062:
1052:
1023:
973:spinal trigeminal nucleus
954:
925:
872:
833:
794:
760:
675:10.1007/s00586-005-0006-7
357:Recurrent laryngeal nerve
297:recurrent laryngeal nerve
204:
192:
138:
126:
114:
102:
97:nervus laryngeus superior
90:
85:
75:
67:
62:
50:
26:
21:
16:Branch of the vagus nerve
1660:spinal accessory nucleus
1100:pterygopalatine ganglion
891:Edinger–Westphal nucleus
264:Internal laryngeal nerve
228:External laryngeal nerve
158:superior laryngeal nerve
22:Superior laryngeal nerve
1042:no significant branches
944:no significant branches
784:no significant branches
338:superior thyroid artery
215:internal carotid artery
1362:Stylopharyngeal branch
1122:submandibular ganglion
1107:Nerve to the stapedius
625:10.21037/gs.2017.06.15
254:superior cardiac nerve
35:glossopharyngeal nerve
315:Clinical significance
258:common carotid artery
1210:Facial motor nucleus
906:parasympathetic root
238:sternothyroid muscle
1522:Recurrent laryngeal
1367:Pharyngeal branches
1145:Posterior auricular
993:trigeminal ganglion
309:cricothyroid muscle
270:thyrohyoid membrane
242:cricothyroid muscle
182:cricothyroid muscle
160:is a branch of the
1505:Superior laryngeal
1372:Tonsillar branches
1070:Intermediate nerve
886:oculomotor nucleus
536:10.1002/lary.24301
530:(Suppl 4): S1–14.
492:10.1007/BF01655439
286:aryepiglottic fold
280:, the base of the
1709:
1708:
1637:
1636:
1603:Posterior gastric
1498:pharyngeal plexus
1493:Pharyngeal branch
1416:
1415:
1280:Scarpa's ganglion
1268:lateral lemniscus
1263:striae medullares
1246:vestibular nuclei
1234:Vestibulocochlear
1228:
1227:
459:978-0-323-04019-8
430:978-0-7295-3752-0
363:Additional images
293:thyroid cartilage
246:pharyngeal plexus
154:
153:
149:
1761:
1726:
1725:
1717:
1655:nucleus ambiguus
1629:Solitary nucleus
1619:Nucleus ambiguus
1598:Anterior gastric
1545:Inferior cardiac
1475:Auricular branch
1470:Meningeal branch
1428:
1427:
1408:Solitary nucleus
1398:Nucleus ambiguus
1377:Lingual branches
1298:
1297:
1292:Glossopharyngeal
1215:Solitary nucleus
1095:Greater petrosal
1060:
1059:
910:ciliary ganglion
746:
739:
732:
723:
722:
697:
696:
686:
654:
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627:
603:
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435:
434:
416:
390:
389:
373:
240:, to supply the
172:branch from the
146:edit on Wikidata
143:
55:
31:
19:
18:
1769:
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1720:
1712:
1710:
1705:
1676:
1633:
1607:
1569:
1531:
1479:
1455:
1412:
1386:
1350:lesser petrosal
1345:tympanic plexus
1325:
1286:
1251:cochlear nuclei
1224:
1198:
1136:
1128:
1085:
1079:
1048:
1019:
950:
921:
868:
829:
823:olfactory tract
790:
756:
750:
706:
701:
700:
655:
651:
604:
600:
563:
559:
519:
515:
476:
472:
464:
462:
460:
442:
438:
431:
417:
413:
387:
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377:
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365:
353:
317:
305:
274:mucous membrane
266:
230:
225:
207:
195:
190:
150:
58:
46:
43:accessory nerve
17:
12:
11:
5:
1767:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1731:
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1707:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1693:
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1657:
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1615:
1613:
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1590:
1585:
1579:
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1568:
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1547:
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1539:
1533:
1532:
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1524:
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1512:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1489:
1487:
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1480:
1478:
1477:
1472:
1466:
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1457:
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1454:
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1452:
1451:
1446:
1437:
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1417:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1394:
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1384:
1379:
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1369:
1364:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1352:
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1327:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1307:
1305:
1295:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1258:Cochlear nerve
1255:
1254:
1253:
1248:
1239:
1237:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1167:Parotid plexus
1164:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1147:
1141:
1139:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1112:Chorda tympani
1109:
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1103:
1102:
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1089:
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1080:
1078:
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1072:
1066:
1064:
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1030:
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1005:
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987:
986:
985:
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975:
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948:
947:
946:
938:
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919:
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903:
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893:
888:
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869:
867:
866:
865:
864:
859:
851:
850:
849:
840:
838:
831:
830:
828:
827:
826:
825:
820:
818:olfactory bulb
812:
811:
810:
801:
799:
792:
791:
789:
788:
787:
786:
778:
777:
776:
767:
765:
758:
757:
754:cranial nerves
749:
748:
741:
734:
726:
720:
719:
705:
704:External links
702:
699:
698:
649:
618:(5): 552–562.
598:
577:(3): 296–303.
557:
513:
470:
458:
436:
429:
421:Last's Anatomy
410:
409:
403:Gray's Anatomy
383:
380:
379:
378:
375:
368:
364:
361:
360:
359:
352:
349:
345:laryngopharynx
334:cricothyrotomy
316:
313:
304:
301:
295:and joins the
265:
262:
236:, beneath the
229:
226:
224:
221:
206:
203:
194:
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152:
151:
142:
136:
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56:
48:
47:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1766:
1755:
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1747:
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1572:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1554:Vagal trunks
1553:
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1538:
1534:
1528:
1525:
1523:
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1506:
1503:
1499:
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1490:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1462:jugular fossa
1458:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1433:jugular fossa
1429:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1383:
1382:Carotid sinus
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1356:
1355:otic ganglion
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1332:jugular fossa
1328:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1303:jugular fossa
1299:
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1281:
1278:
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1208:
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1190:
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1161:
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1151:
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1146:
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1142:
1140:
1138:
1131:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1117:lingual nerve
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984:
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839:
836:
832:
824:
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819:
816:
815:
813:
809:
806:
805:
803:
802:
800:
797:
793:
785:
782:
781:
779:
775:
774:septal nuclei
772:
771:
769:
768:
766:
763:
759:
755:
747:
742:
740:
735:
733:
728:
727:
724:
717:
716:
711:
710:cranialnerves
708:
707:
694:
690:
685:
680:
676:
672:
669:(9): 1320–5.
668:
664:
660:
653:
645:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
617:
613:
609:
602:
594:
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568:
561:
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541:
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451:
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415:
411:
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401:
399:
395:
394:public domain
372:
367:
366:
358:
355:
354:
348:
346:
341:
339:
335:
331:
330:thyroidectomy
327:
326:thyroidectomy
323:
322:thyroid gland
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1754:Human throat
1504:
1135:stylomastoid
1087:facial canal
1041:
943:
857:optic chiasm
783:
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524:Laryngoscope
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486:(4): 522–7.
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463:, retrieved
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109:A14.2.01.160
96:
1749:Vagus nerve
1682:Hypoglossal
1063:Near origin
862:optic tract
663:Eur Spine J
256:behind the
170:sympathetic
162:vagus nerve
86:Identifiers
71:Vagus nerve
39:vagus nerve
1738:Categories
1275:Vestibular
1187:mandibular
1160:stylohyoid
1150:Suprahyoid
1075:Geniculate
1013:mandibular
1003:ophthalmic
956:Trigeminal
874:Oculomotor
612:Gland Surg
465:2021-01-12
382:References
278:epiglottis
76:Innervates
1695:Branches
1643:Accessory
1563:posterior
1550:Pulmonary
1236:(CN VIII)
1177:zygomatic
1155:digastric
1038:Branches
1008:maxillary
999:Branches
940:Branches
927:Trochlear
897:Branches
796:Olfactory
188:Structure
1684:(CN XII)
1558:anterior
1515:internal
1510:external
1449:inferior
1444:superior
1440:Ganglia
1340:Tympanic
1319:inferior
1314:superior
1310:Ganglia
1192:cervical
1172:temporal
1056:(CN VII)
1025:Abducens
915:inferior
901:superior
876:(CN III)
762:Terminal
693:16402208
644:29142848
593:11886347
552:29270084
544:23832799
398:page 912
351:See also
303:Function
223:Branches
1728:Anatomy
1699:lingual
1691:Nucleus
1667:Cranial
1651:Nuclei
1645:(CN XI)
1593:Hepatic
1575:Abdomen
1431:Before
1301:Before
1294:(CN IX)
1242:Nuclei
1137:foramen
1034:Nucleus
1027:(CN VI)
989:Course
964:Nuclei
936:Nucleus
929:(CN IV)
882:Nuclei
853:Course
843:Nuclei
837:(CN II)
814:Course
804:Nuclei
780:Course
770:Nuclei
684:2438561
635:5676167
508:8105192
500:3420935
211:pharynx
63:Details
1714:Portal
1672:Spinal
1612:Nuclei
1583:Celiac
1537:Thorax
1460:After
1424:(CN X)
1391:Nuclei
1330:After
1203:Nuclei
1182:buccal
1084:Inside
1054:Facial
958:(CN V)
798:(CN I)
764:(CN 0)
691:
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642:
632:
591:
550:
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456:
427:
406:(1918)
282:tongue
234:larynx
205:Course
193:Origin
80:Larynx
41:, and
1588:Renal
1422:Vagus
835:Optic
548:S2CID
504:S2CID
396:from
144:[
92:Latin
1485:Neck
752:The
689:PMID
640:PMID
589:PMID
540:PMID
496:PMID
454:ISBN
425:ISBN
156:The
133:6239
121:6339
104:TA98
68:From
1133:At
983:TMN
968:PSN
908:of
679:PMC
671:doi
630:PMC
620:doi
579:doi
575:128
532:doi
528:123
488:doi
332:or
128:FMA
116:TA2
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978:MN
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